CN115392156A - Simulation method of landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain based on DEM-CFD coupling calculation - Google Patents

Simulation method of landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain based on DEM-CFD coupling calculation Download PDF

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CN115392156A
CN115392156A CN202211141491.2A CN202211141491A CN115392156A CN 115392156 A CN115392156 A CN 115392156A CN 202211141491 A CN202211141491 A CN 202211141491A CN 115392156 A CN115392156 A CN 115392156A
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年廷凯
李东阳
郑德凤
吴昊
沈月强
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Dalian University of Technology
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Abstract

A landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain simulation method based on DEM-CFD coupling calculation belongs to the field of landslide and river blockage disaster evolution mechanism analysis and disaster prevention and reduction numerical simulation analysis. The landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain simulation method calculates the landslide-river coupling effect through a local average DEM-CFD coupling numerical method, realizes the surge liquid level evolution tracking by combining a VOF (virtual object function) model, establishes a new porosity calculation method through a virtual sphere model and meets the requirement of actual terrain modeling. The invention adopts a DEM-CFD coupling simulation method to accurately describe a fluid-solid coupling mechanism, and fully considers the influence of the fluid environment on the migration and accumulation process of the landslide body; by introducing the VOF model into the local average DEM-CFD coupling method, the modeling of river water environment and air can be realized, the free liquid level evolution of a river can be tracked, and the propagation process of driving surge by simulating landslide is further realized; the virtual ball is constructed based on the real particles, so that the high-resolution mesh generation requirement of a three-dimensional model can be met, and the real case simulation of landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chains can be realized.

Description

Simulation method of landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain based on DEM-CFD coupling calculation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of numerical simulation analysis of landslide and river plugging disaster evolution mechanism analysis and disaster prevention and reduction, and particularly relates to a landslide-river plugging-surge disaster chain simulation method based on DEM-CFD coupling calculation.
Background
China is vast in breadth, and geological disasters are various and frequent. Particularly in the southwest region, the disaster area is always a landslide disaster high-incidence region. Landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chains are mostly seen in high mountain canyons and river development areas in the area. The landslide mass moving at high speed invades into rivers to induce surge, and can seriously threaten the life safety of nearby engineering facilities and residents on the shore. A damming dam formed by blocking a river can induce a series of secondary geological disasters including upstream flood, dam break and downstream flood and debris flow, river channel evolution, triggering secondary landslide of a watershed and the like.
A landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain relates to complex multiphase coupling dynamic evolution characteristics and a coupling process, and is specifically embodied in a high-speed migration impact effect of landslide in a high-mountain gorge area, dam accumulation morphological evolution influenced by rivers and a landslide-river kinetic energy exchange excitation surge propagation and disaster expansion effect. The typical characteristics of complex disaster mechanism and wide disaster range of landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain are brought. Therefore, the landslide-river coupling effect in the disaster chain evolution process is deeply researched, the disaster chain evolution mechanism is disclosed, an effective disaster simulation and prediction method is developed, and important reference values are provided for landslide-river blockage-surge disaster risk assessment, disaster early warning and disaster prevention and reduction strategy formulation.
Before the invention, related inventions of landslide river blocking and landslide surge based on a physical model test are published, but the inventions are limited by observation conditions, a measurement method and a model size effect, and the physical model test has very limited help for understanding the evolution mechanism of landslide-river blocking-surge disasters at present. In addition, in limited numerical analysis, most landslides are simplified into fluids, or a discrete-continuous coupling method limited by computational efficiency is adopted, so that the disaster evolution mechanism is difficult to be fully revealed. The local average DEM-CFD coupling numerical method can meet the requirements, but cannot track the process of surge evolution; furthermore, limited to current methods of porosity calculation, the minimum mesh size must be more than 4 times larger than the maximum particle diameter, which makes the current DEM-CFD coupled numerical method difficult to apply in real case simulation based on actual terrain modeling. Based on the method, a landslide-river blockage-surge disaster simulation method which can fully consider a landslide-river coupling action mechanism, can simulate the landslide and surge evolution process and meet the actual terrain modeling requirement is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain simulation method based on DEM-CFD coupling calculation, which is used for calculating the landslide-river coupling effect through a local average DEM-CFD coupling numerical method, realizing the evolution tracking of the surge liquid level by combining a VOF (virtual object function) model, establishing a new porosity calculation method through a virtual sphere model and realizing the requirement of actual terrain modeling.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain simulation method based on DEM-CFD coupling calculation comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out three-dimensional modeling on landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain areas by using a digital elevation model, carrying out mesh generation on a three-dimensional model calculation domain through a Cartesian coordinate system, setting boundary naming and exporting a mesh file. The landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain area is determined according to the actual situation of the case. The boundary designation shall include one or more of an upstream boundary, a downstream boundary, a top boundary, etc., and shall be determined according to the river flow direction and the elevation direction.
And secondly, determining the simulation parameters of the sliding mass, wherein the simulation parameters of the sliding mass comprise material parameters and contact parameters. The material parameters include one or more of particle size distribution, density, poisson's ratio, shear modulus, and the like. The contact parameters comprise one or more of coefficient of restitution, coefficient of friction, coefficient of rolling friction and the like. The landslide body simulation parameters are determined according to the physical characteristics of the specific landslide body.
And thirdly, importing the grid file exported in the first step into a DEM module of EDEM software, establishing a landslide body source region, and filling particles equivalent to the actual square quantity in the landslide body source region according to the determined landslide body simulation parameters to simulate the landslide body.
And fourthly, importing the grid file exported in the first step into a CFD module of Fluent software, and performing fluid material parameter setting and fluid domain fluid filling. The fluid material comprises water and air, and the fluid material parameters comprise fluid density and fluid viscosity. The fluid filling of the fluid area is determined according to the actual water surface elevation of the river, wherein the fluid material below the water surface elevation is filled with water, and the fluid material above the water surface elevation is filled with air.
And fifthly, determining fluid domain boundary conditions in the CFD module according to the actual inflow flow of the river, wherein the fluid domain boundary conditions comprise an upstream inflow boundary condition, a downstream pressure outflow boundary condition and a top opening boundary condition.
And sixthly, determining the gravity direction according to the elevation direction and setting gravity acceleration.
And seventhly, setting simulation time length, respectively setting the time step lengths of the DEM module and the CFD module, and determining coupling frequency. The coupling frequency is the ratio of the time step of the CFD module to the time step of the DEM module, and the value of the coupling frequency is within 1-100. The simulation duration is determined according to the actual case requirements.
And eighthly, initializing the DEM module and the CFD module according to the second to seventh parts (wherein the DEM module and the CFD module are not improved, the VOF is a multi-phase flow model in the CFD method, and can consider multi-phase fluids such as air and water, but at present, the CFD in the traditional DEM-CFD coupling method can only consider one-phase fluid, so that the traditional DEM-CFD can be understood as only having particles and water, and the particles, the water and the air can be considered after the VOF model is introduced, so that the simulation of the surge is realized by tracking the interface of the water and the air), and the evolution process of the landslide-river-surge disaster chain is simulated by bidirectional coupling calculation. In the bidirectional coupling calculation, the acting force and displacement of the particles are calculated in a DEM module; calculating a flow field evolution in a CFD module, introducing a VOF (volatile organic compound) model in the CFD module, wherein the model allows introducing multiphase fluids of an air phase and a water phase, and further simulating river evolution by tracking an air-water phase interface; the coupling action module respectively reads the particle position and speed data of the DEM module and the fluid pressure field and speed field data of the CFD module, further calculates the local porosity through the virtual sphere model, in the virtual sphere model, a virtual sphere is constructed based on real DEM particles, so that the calculation range of the porosity is determined in the CFD grid, and further calculates the coupling action force and respectively transmits the coupling action force back to the DEM module and the CFD module. The bidirectional coupling calculation in this step specifically includes:
8.1 Computing inter-particle and inter-particle-to-boundary contact forces in a DEM module via a Hertz-Mindlin contact model;
8.2 DEM module solves equations of motion for equations (1) and (2) by newton's second law:
Figure BDA0003853783520000031
Figure BDA0003853783520000032
in the formula, m i Is the mass of the particles, v i Is the particle velocity, ω i Is the angular velocity of the particles, F ij And M ij Contact force and torque of the particles, F f G is the gravitational acceleration.
8.3 The position and speed information of the particles obtained by solving the motion equation is updated in the DEM module, and the steps are repeated until the DEM cycle number reaches the coupling frequency number in single coupling calculation.
8.4 Particle position and velocity information is imported into the coupling module, local porosity is calculated by the virtual sphere model, and momentum source terms are updated. Further, the virtual sphere model calculating the local porosity comprises the following steps:
and constructing a virtual ball with the same circle center and the diameter of 4 times of the particle diameter according to the position of the real DEM particle, and determining the porosity of the real DEM particle in the CFD grid within the coverage range of the virtual ball to calculate the associated grid. The particle volumes are then evenly divided into virtual sphere determined porosity calculation correlation grids. The same CFD grid allows correlation to different DEM particles, i.e. there is an overlapping porosity calculation correlation grid, so the local porosity within a certain grid can be calculated by equation (3):
Figure BDA0003853783520000033
in the formula (1), epsilon is the local porosity, V p Is the volume of particle i, V rc The associated grid total volume is calculated for the porosity of the particle i.
8.5 The coupling module directs the local porosity and momentum source terms to the CFD module.
8.6 In the CFD module, firstly solving a transport equation based on fluid speed through a VOF model considering particle phase volume fraction, tracking the evolution process of the free liquid level of the river to realize the simulation of landslide and surge propagation:
Figure BDA0003853783520000034
in the formula (4), α 1 Is the volume fraction of the aqueous phase, is the fluid velocity of u, u r Is the relative velocity, also known as the compression velocity.
8.7 Solving fluid control equations including momentum equations (5) and continuity equations (6) in a CFD module by a PISO algorithm, and updating a fluid domain velocity field and a pressure field according to the solution result of the fluid control equations until convergence.
Figure BDA0003853783520000035
Figure BDA0003853783520000041
8.8 The fluid field velocity field, the pressure field and the fluid material parameters are transmitted to the coupling module, and then the coupling force is calculated in the coupling module and transmitted to the DEM module. And returning to the step 8.1 again to start the next calculation cycle until the simulation time length is reached.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the DEM-CFD coupling numerical method based on local average, the characteristic of a discontinuous material with a pore structure of a slip mass can be fully considered by modeling the slip mass through the DEM, the DEM-CFD coupling simulation method can accurately describe a fluid-solid coupling action mechanism, and the influence of a fluid environment on the migration and accumulation process of the slip mass is fully considered.
(2) The VOF model can introduce multi-phase fluid and track the evolution process of a fluid interface. By introducing the VOF model into the local average DEM-CFD coupling method, the modeling of river water environment and air can be realized, the free liquid level evolution of the river can be tracked, and the propagation process of driving surge on the landslide can be further realized, so that the problem that the landslide surge simulation cannot be effectively processed by the conventional solid-liquid two-phase DEM-CFD is solved.
(3) The method for calculating the local porosity based on the virtual ball model constructs the virtual ball based on the real particles, and discriminates the grid range participating in the calculation of the local porosity through the grid area covered by the virtual ball, so that the limitation of the ratio of the grid to the particle size can be broken, the grid size can be smaller than the particle size, the high-resolution grid subdivision requirement of the three-dimensional model can be met, and the real case simulation of landslide-river plugging-surge disaster chain can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a computational flow diagram of a coupling simulation method.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain simulation.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a virtual ball model.
Description of reference numerals: 1, calculating a domain by a three-dimensional model; 2, a landslide body; 3 free water surface of river; 4DEM particles; 5, a virtual ball; 6CFD grid; the porosity calculates the correlation grid.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and the examples. It should be noted that the following specific examples are only for illustrating and assisting the understanding of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
A method for simulating a landslide-river blockage-river surge disaster chain based on DEM-CFD coupling calculation is specifically explained by taking a Jinshajiang white lattice landslide-river blockage-river surge disaster chain of 11 Rinshai in 2018 as an example, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, and the implementation process of the method is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of firstly, carrying out three-dimensional terrain modeling on a disaster area by combining a digital elevation model obtained by pre-disaster actual measurement and post-disaster unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry, determining a three-dimensional model calculation domain 1 according to a disaster influence range, dividing a grid through a Cartesian coordinate system, naming an upstream boundary, a downstream boundary and a top boundary according to a river direction and an elevation direction, and exporting a grid file, wherein the minimum grid size is 2.5 m.
Secondly, determining a landslide body simulation parameter in the DEM module, wherein the material parameter comprises the particle size distribution of 2m-5m and the particle density of 2600kg/m 3 Poisson's ratio of 0.2 and shear modulus of 1X 10 9 Pa, contact parameters including coefficient of restitution of 0.5, coefficient of friction of 0.45, and coefficient of rolling friction of 0.05.
Thirdly, importing the generated grid file into a DEM module, establishing a landslide body source region through a pre-disaster digital elevation model and a post-disaster digital elevation model, and generating 2.3 multiplied by 10 particle materials in the landslide body source region according to the determined landslide body materials 7 m 3 The landslide body 2.
Fourthly, guiding the grid fileEntering CFD module, and setting two fluid materials of water and air, wherein the density of water is 1000kg/m 3 Viscosity of 0.001 pas and density of air of 1kg/m 3 Viscosity of 1X 10 -5 Pa · s, according to hydrologic monitoring data, filling water below the fluid area height 2890m as a river, filling air above the fluid area height 2890m as air, and determining that the river-air interface is the free water surface 3 of the river.
Fifthly, according to hydrological data, setting the upstream boundary of the fluid domain in the CFD module as a mass inflow boundary and the inflow rate of river water as 1680m 3 The downstream boundary is the pressure outflow boundary and the top is the open boundary.
Sixthly, setting the same gravity direction in the CFD module and the DEM module according to the elevation coordinate direction of the three-dimensional model, and setting the gravity acceleration to be 9.81m/s 2 。
Seventhly, setting the total simulation time length to be 80s according to case requirements, and setting the DEM module time step length to be 1 multiplied by 10 -4 Setting CFD module time step to 1 × 10 -3 The time step of the CFD module is 10 times that of the DEM module.
The eighth step, initializing a DEM module and a CFD module, starting to simulate the landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain evolution process through bidirectional coupling calculation, and solving the migration process of the landslide body through the DEM module in the process; fluid evolution, including rivers and air, is solved through a CFD module; wherein, the river and air interface evolution represents the propagation process of surge, and is tracked by a VOF model calculation formula (4) considering the volume fraction of particle phase; in the coupling effect module, a virtual ball model is responsible for porosity calculation, a virtual ball 5 is constructed through DEM particles 4, a porosity calculation association grid 7 is determined based on the coverage area of the virtual ball 5 on a CFD grid 6, then the local porosity is calculated through an equation (3), and coupling force and momentum source items are further calculated and transmitted between the DEM module and the CFD module. In conclusion, the calculation is repeated and circulated until the simulation time is reached, and the simulation of the landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain evolution process is completed.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of specific embodiments of the invention. The scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications to the above description without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and shall also fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain simulation method based on DEM-CFD coupling calculation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, a digital elevation model is used for carrying out three-dimensional modeling on landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain areas, a three-dimensional model calculation domain is subjected to mesh subdivision through a Cartesian coordinate system, boundary naming is set, and a mesh file is exported;
secondly, determining a landslide body simulation parameter, wherein the landslide body simulation parameter comprises a material parameter and a contact parameter;
thirdly, importing the grid file exported in the first step into a DEM module, establishing a landslide body source region, and filling particles equivalent to the actual square quantity in the landslide body source region according to the determined landslide body simulation parameters to simulate a landslide body;
fourthly, importing the grid file exported in the first step into a CFD module, and setting parameters of the fluid material and filling fluid in a fluid domain; the fluid material comprises water and air, the fluid material parameters comprise fluid density and fluid viscosity; the fluid filling of the fluid area is determined according to the actual water surface elevation of the river, wherein the fluid material below the water surface elevation is filled with water, and the fluid material above the water surface elevation is filled with air;
fifthly, determining fluid domain boundary conditions in the CFD module according to the actual inflow flow of the river, wherein the fluid domain boundary conditions comprise an upstream inflow boundary condition, a downstream pressure outflow boundary condition and a top opening boundary condition;
sixthly, determining the gravity direction according to the elevation direction and setting gravity acceleration;
step seven, setting an analog duration, respectively setting time step lengths of the DEM module and the CFD module, and determining coupling frequency; the coupling frequency is the ratio of the time step of the CFD module to the time step of the DEM module, and the value of the coupling frequency is within 1-100; the simulation time duration is determined according to the actual case requirements;
eighthly, setting an initialization DEM module and a CFD module according to the second part, the seventh part and the seventh part, and starting to simulate the landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain evolution process through bidirectional coupling calculation; in the bidirectional coupling calculation, the acting force and displacement of the particles are calculated in a DEM module; calculating a flow field evolution in a CFD module, introducing a VOF (volatile organic compound) model in the CFD module, allowing multiphase fluid of air phase and water phase to be introduced, and further simulating river evolution by tracking an air-water phase interface; the coupling action module respectively reads the particle position and speed data of the DEM module and the fluid pressure field and speed field data of the CFD module, further calculates the local porosity through the virtual sphere model, in the virtual sphere model, a virtual sphere is constructed based on real DEM particles, so that the calculation range of the porosity is determined in the CFD grid, and further calculates the coupling action force and respectively transmits the coupling action force back to the DEM module and the CFD module.
2. The method for simulating a landslide-stifled river-surge disaster chain based on DEM-CFD coupling calculation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the eighth step, the bidirectional coupling calculation specifically comprises:
8.1 Calculate inter-particle and inter-particle-to-boundary contact forces in the DEM module via the Hertz-Mindlin contact model;
8.2 DEM module solves the equations of motion of equations (1) and (2) by newton's second law:
Figure FDA0003853783510000011
Figure FDA0003853783510000021
in the formula, m i Is the mass of the particles, v i Is the particle velocity, ω i Is the angular velocity of the particles, F ij And M ij Contact force and torque of the particles, F f For fluid to particlesActing force g is gravity acceleration;
8.3 Updating the position and speed information of the particles obtained by solving the motion equation in the DEM module, and repeating the steps till the DEM cycle times in single coupling calculation reaches the coupling frequency times;
8.4 Particle position and velocity information is imported into the coupling module, local porosity is calculated through the virtual sphere model, and momentum source items are updated; further, the virtual sphere model calculating the local porosity comprises the following steps:
constructing a virtual ball with the same circle center and the diameter being 4 times of the particle diameter according to the position of the real DEM particle, and determining the porosity calculation correlation grid of the real DEM particle in the CFD grid within the coverage range of the virtual ball; then uniformly dividing the particle volume into porosity calculation correlation grids determined by the virtual spheres; the same CFD grid allows correlation to different DEM particles, i.e. there is an overlapping porosity calculation correlation grid, so the local porosity within a certain grid can be calculated by equation (3):
Figure FDA0003853783510000022
in the formula (1), epsilon is the local porosity, V p Is the volume of particle i, V rc Calculating an associated mesh total volume for the porosity of the particle i;
8.5 The coupling module directs the local porosity and momentum source terms to the CFD module;
8.6 In the CFD module, the simulation of landslide surge propagation is achieved by first solving a transport equation based on fluid velocity through a VOF model that considers particle phase volume fraction, tracking the river free liquid level evolution process:
Figure FDA0003853783510000023
in the formula (4), α 1 Is the volume fraction of the aqueous phase, is the fluid velocity of u, u r Relative velocity, also known as compression velocity;
8.7 Solving fluid control equations in a CFD module through a PISO algorithm, wherein the fluid control equations comprise a momentum equation (5) and a continuity equation (6), and updating a fluid domain velocity field and a pressure field according to the solution result of the fluid control equations until convergence;
Figure FDA0003853783510000024
Figure FDA0003853783510000025
8.8 The fluid field velocity field, the pressure field and the fluid material parameters are transmitted to the coupling module, and then the coupling acting force is calculated in the coupling module and is transmitted to the DEM module; and returning to the step 8.1 again to start the next calculation cycle until the simulation time length is reached.
3. The method for simulating the landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain based on the DEM-CFD coupling calculation is characterized in that in the first step, the landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain area is determined according to the actual case condition; the boundary designation shall include one or more of an upstream boundary, a downstream boundary, a top boundary, etc., as determined by river direction and elevation.
4. The method for simulating landslide-stifled river-swell disaster chain based on DEM-CFD coupling calculation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the material parameters include one or more of particle size distribution, density, poisson's ratio, and shear modulus.
5. The method for simulating the landslide-stifled river-swell disaster chain based on DEM-CFD coupling calculation is characterized in that in the second step, the contact parameters comprise one or more of coefficient of restitution, coefficient of friction and coefficient of rolling friction; the landslide body simulation parameters are determined according to the physical characteristics of a specific landslide body.
CN202211141491.2A 2022-09-20 2022-09-20 Simulation method of landslide-river blockage-surge disaster chain based on DEM-CFD coupling calculation Pending CN115392156A (en)

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CN116911208A (en) * 2023-06-27 2023-10-20 中山大学 Prediction method, system, equipment and medium for local scour pit of ocean pile foundation
CN117473892A (en) * 2023-10-31 2024-01-30 河海大学 Calculation method for surge propagation wave height of curved river based on numerical simulation

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN116738806A (en) * 2023-04-18 2023-09-12 西北农林科技大学 Simulation method for micro-plastic transportation rule of flow junction region of block dam
CN116911208A (en) * 2023-06-27 2023-10-20 中山大学 Prediction method, system, equipment and medium for local scour pit of ocean pile foundation
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