CN115389537A - Small focal spot neutron focusing system with high flux - Google Patents
Small focal spot neutron focusing system with high flux Download PDFInfo
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- CN115389537A CN115389537A CN202211030012.XA CN202211030012A CN115389537A CN 115389537 A CN115389537 A CN 115389537A CN 202211030012 A CN202211030012 A CN 202211030012A CN 115389537 A CN115389537 A CN 115389537A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a small focal spot neutron focusing system with high flux, which comprises: the eight Montel neutron super mirrors are arranged in a ring shape, and the confocal points are precisely aligned to enable different objects to have a common image; the aspheric reflector substrate is arranged at a distance from the neutron super mirror; further comprising the steps of: s1, constructing an optical model for expanding a divergent light source and a focusing system by using Zmax optical system design software; s2, simulating and calculating the focusing performance of the optical system by using optical tracking software; s3, introducing surface shape errors and reflectivity factors of the optical element into a system optical model; and S4, researching a system aberration source through optical tracking, optimizing a system structure and a device size according to practical application requirements, and determining device processing requirements. The invention has the advantages of high flux, small focal spot and the like, fills the vacancy of neutron focusing in the aspects of small size and high intensity, and realizes the focusing of wide spectrum and is suitable for a spallation neutron source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical systems, in particular to a small focal spot neutron focusing system with high flux.
Background
The neutron focusing optical system mainly comprises a diffraction type optical system, a transmission type optical system and a reflection type optical system.
The diffraction type focusing optical system has high utilization rate of neutron output beams, but the system has serious chromatic aberration, is difficult to be applied to a spallation neutron source beam line based on a time flight method, and is mainly expressed in the form of zone plates and other optical elements. The invention related to the mode in China is patent 1, namely a cold neutron focusing zone plate with long focal depth and a preparation method thereof (application number: CN 201911044886.9), neutron focusing is realized by designing special change of zone area of the zone plate, and the cold neutron focusing zone plate has the characteristic of long focal depth, but the application range is limited to cold neutrons with the wavelength of 2.6 angstroms-26.1 angstroms. Patent 2 discloses a monochromatic neutron focusing device (application number: CN 201811272458.7), which reflects white-light neutrons of a reactor through a germanium mosaic crystal according to a Bragg law, deflects monoenergetic neutrons with specific wavelengths, and meets the requirement of neutron diffraction. A monochromatic neutron focusing device is designed, large-size white neutron beams are subjected to monochromization and focused to a sample position to form converged monochromatic neutron beams, and the neutron intensity and the utilization rate are improved. However, the defects in the focusing technology result in low neutron intensity, the area of a neutron beam spot is increased, the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrometer is greatly influenced, and in addition, the mode needs more manual operations and has larger radiation to debugging personnel.
The transmission type neutron focusing system mainly refers to a magnetic lens, neutrons with different speeds can be controlled by adjusting a magnetic field, and therefore chromatic aberration is reduced. However, such lenses are only suitable for polarized neutrons, half of the neutron flux is lost, and the complex magnets in the magnetic lens require frequent maintenance and repair, which is detrimental to the use of the magnetic lens. The invention related to the mode in China is patent 3, and the preparation method of the Fresnel lens group for focusing the neutron small-angle scattering spectrometer (application number: 202010352004.1) designs the preparation method of the Fresnel lens group for focusing the neutron small-angle scattering spectrometer, can be used with the neutron small-angle scattering spectrometer of a reactor and a spallation neutron source, enhances the neutron flux at a sample position under the minimum Q layout of the neutron small-angle scattering spectrometer, but is difficult to manufacture and limits the further development of the Fresnel lens group.
The reflecting neutron focusing system has no chromatic aberration theoretically, is suitable for a spallation neutron source and a reactor neutron source, is a main mode of a neutron focusing optical system, and is widely applied to a beam line of an international advanced neutron source. The reflection type neutron focusing optical system is mainly divided into two types in principle: single reflection based focusing systems and double reflection based focusing systems. The invention related to the mode in China is that a neutron transmission multi-channel focusing conduit device and a neutron diffraction spectrometer (application number: CN201911017445. X) disclose a neutron transmission multi-channel focusing conduit device, and a neutron divergence angle is limited through absorption of a second coating on the horizontal direction of a conduit, so that resolution of neutron beam flow is improved, but flux of neutrons is also reduced.
At present, for a neutron diffraction experiment, the focal spot of a sample is required to be smaller than 1mm, so that the neutron diffraction experiment has the capability of micro-area analysis, can test very small samples, and reduces the influence of the environment; meanwhile, the fluence rate of neutrons is required to be very high, and although the resolution of a single KB system is high, the requirement of high fluence rate cannot be met. Since the neutron focusing system with the resolution range of 0.1-1mm is a blank, in order to improve the efficiency and the accuracy of the neutron scattering experiment with small size, the focusing system used must have proper two-dimensional spatial resolution (about 0.5 mm) and as large a light collecting area as possible. The applicant deeply researches basic scientific problems and key technical problems of a large light collecting area neutron focusing system design and simulation method, a large-size aspheric reflector substrate manufacturing technology, a large-m-value and high-reflectivity neutron super mirror manufacturing technology, a multichannel neutron focusing system confocal integration method, an application technology and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a small focal spot neutron focusing system with high flux, which has the advantages of high flux, small focal spot and the like, fills the gap of neutron focusing in the aspects of small size and high strength, and realizes wide-spectrum focusing suitable for a spallation neutron source. To achieve the above objects and other advantages in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a small focal spot neutron focusing system with high flux, comprising:
annularly arranging a plurality of Montel neutron super mirrors, and precisely aligning confocal points to enable different objects to have a common image;
the aspheric reflector substrate is arranged at a distance from the neutron super mirror;
further comprising the steps of:
s1, constructing an optical model for expanding a divergent light source and a focusing system by using Zmax optical system design software;
s2, simulating and calculating the focusing performance of the optical system by using optical tracking software;
s3, introducing surface shape errors and reflectivity factors of the optical element into an optical model of the system;
and S4, researching a system aberration source through optical tracking, optimizing a system structure and a device size according to practical application requirements, and determining device processing requirements.
Preferably, the method for manufacturing the aspheric mirror substrate includes:
1) Acquiring two metal elliptic cylindrical lens blanks matched in concave-convex mode by adopting a precision machining method;
2) Precisely turning the reflecting surface of the metal elliptic cylindrical mirror by using an ultra-precise diamond lathe to obtain a metal mold with high surface precision and concave-convex matching;
3) The ultra-thin float glass with an ultra-smooth surface is clamped by a concave-convex two dies to copy the surface shape of a convex metal die, and the thickness of the ultra-thin float glass is less than or equal to 0.3 mm;
4) Simultaneously, precisely polishing the side surface and the reflecting surface of the mirror;
5) And bonding the ultrathin glass and the concave metal die by adopting an epoxy resin bonding method.
Preferably, strip-shaped glue is adopted in the step 5), and a pore channel with optimized size is reserved between the glass and the metal mold.
Preferably, the method for manufacturing the neutron super mirror comprises the following steps:
introducing a numerical optimization method, searching for optimal design parameters by adopting an evaluation function combining reflectivity and film number, and simultaneously obtaining optimal reflection characteristics and the minimum film number;
the generation and evolution rule of the film microstructure is represented by the physical measuring means of X-ray small-angle reflection, X-ray diffraction and a transmission electron microscope, and the multilayer film microstructure is regulated and controlled;
the advantages of magnetron sputtering and reactive sputtering are combined, and nitrogen reaction gas is introduced in the magnetron sputtering process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention provides a new neutron focusing system mode for small-size samples: a KB focusing method and a multichannel focusing method are combined, and a multichannel two-dimensional focusing system design of 'foreign matter homography' is provided, namely eight Montel type KB focusing lenses are annularly arranged, confocal points are precisely aligned, different objects have a common image, the advantages of two-dimensional high spatial resolution of the Montel type KB system and high-intensity gain of a multichannel optical system are complemented, high neutron intensity gain in a small-size beam spot is realized, and the signal-to-noise ratio of data is inhibited by inhibiting the neutron intensity outside the beam spot.
(2) The invention solves the technical problem of manufacturing the high-performance neutron super mirror: starting from two aspects of film system design method and manufacturing technology innovation, on one hand, the dependence on the process is reduced by optimizing the film system structure; on the other hand, by solving the problem of the reactive magnetron sputtering process, the neutron super mirror manufacturing process is improved, and the neutron super mirror with m being more than or equal to 3 and critical reflectivity Rc being more than or equal to 90% is manufactured.
(3) The invention innovations an optimized design innovation of a Montel neutron super mirror focusing device: the spherical mirror structure is optimally designed aiming at specific neutron wavelength, and the ultra-smooth elliptic cylindrical mirror with the length of more than 200mm is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an eight channel neutron focusing system with a high flux, small focal spot neutron focusing system in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a Ni/Ti neutron ultrasoundmirror reflectivity test and theoretical plot for a small focal spot neutron focusing system with high flux in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-2, a small focal spot neutron focusing system with high flux, comprising: the eight Montel neutron super mirrors are arranged in a ring shape, and the confocal points are precisely aligned to enable different objects to have a common image;
the aspheric reflector substrate is arranged at a distance from the neutron super mirror;
further comprising the steps of:
s1, constructing an optical model for expanding a divergent light source and a focusing system by using Zmax optical system design software;
s2, simulating and calculating the focusing performance of the optical system by using optical tracking software;
s3, introducing surface shape errors and reflectivity factors of the optical element into an optical model of the system;
and S4, researching a system aberration source through optical tracking, optimizing a system structure and a device size according to practical application requirements, and determining device processing requirements.
Further, the method for manufacturing the aspheric surface reflector substrate comprises the following steps:
1) Acquiring two metal elliptic cylindrical lens blanks matched in concave-convex mode by adopting a precision machining method;
2) Precisely turning the reflecting surface of the metal elliptic cylindrical mirror by using an ultra-precise diamond lathe to obtain a metal mold with high surface precision and concave-convex matching;
3) The method comprises the steps of utilizing ultra-thin float glass with an ultra-smooth surface, the thickness of which is less than or equal to 0.3mm, clamping by a concave die and a convex die to copy the surface shape of a convex metal die, designing a pressing mechanism and optimizing a pressing process by researching the pressing mode, the force application size and the distribution action rule on the surface shape copying precision through experiments;
4) Meanwhile, the side surface and the reflecting surface of the mirror are precisely polished to ensure the precision of the side surface, and the precision is used as the vertical measurement standard of the mirror surface;
5) And bonding the ultrathin glass and the concave metal die by adopting an epoxy resin bonding method.
Further, in the step 5), strip-shaped gluing is adopted, a pore channel with optimized size is reserved between the glass and the metal mold, and the pore channel with optimized size is reserved between the glass and the metal mold through an experimental research gluing method, so that the air release of the glue layer does not affect the surface shape of the substrate under a vacuum condition.
Further, the manufacturing method of the neutron super mirror comprises the following steps:
introducing a numerical optimization method, searching for optimal design parameters by adopting an evaluation function combining reflectivity and film number, and simultaneously obtaining optimal reflection characteristics and the minimum film number;
the generation and evolution rule of the film microstructure is represented by the physical measuring means of X-ray small-angle reflection, X-ray diffraction and a transmission electron microscope, and the multilayer film microstructure is regulated and controlled;
in the direct current magnetron sputtering process, nitrogen reaction gas is introduced, the action mechanism of sputtering gas on film components and microstructures is studied through experiments, the action rule of the reaction gas on the film interface stability is studied by combining a vacuum annealing experiment, and a new method and a new process are provided for further improving the optical characteristics of the neutron super mirror.
Example 1
The developed neutron super mirror has the following characteristics with reference to fig. 2: m =3, the size reaches 500mm multiplied by 100mm, the film thickness error is less than 2%, and the critical reflectivity is 90%. And manufacturing a neutron hypermirror with a large m value and high reflectivity. Firstly, based on the existing numerical design method, by introducing a numerical optimization method and adopting an evaluation function combining reflectivity and film layer number, the optimal design parameters are searched, and on the basis of obtaining the optimal reflection characteristic, the film layer number is reduced as much as possible, and the manufacturing difficulty is reduced; secondly, in the process of experimental study of the growth of the periodic multilayer film and the non-periodic multilayer film with the ultra-large number of layers by the direct current magnetron reactive sputtering method, the generation and evolution rules of the film microstructure are represented by physical measurement means such as X-ray small-angle reflection, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope and the like, the microstructures, the interface states and the stress states of the multilayer films with different deposition processes and different film thicknesses and the non-periodic multilayer films are represented, the action mechanism of manufacturing process parameters on the multilayer film microstructure is established, and the neutron super mirror with large m value, low stress and small interface roughness is manufactured by optimizing the process parameters and regulating and controlling the multilayer film microstructure.
The neutron super mirror manufacturing technology is combined with the X-ray nested astronomical telescope manufacturing technology, the X-ray nested astronomical telescope manufacturing technology is cooperated with Qinghua university, the problem that a super mirror is plated on the inner surface of a multilayer nested neutron focusing system is solved internationally for the first time, the light collecting area of the focusing system is expanded, two-dimensional neutron focusing with large light collecting area is realized, the neutron focal spot intensity of a Qinghua miniature pulse intense photon source (CPHS) small-angle scattering spectrometer of Qinghua university is improved by 26 times, so that the part of the neutron focal spot intensity has the neutron small-angle scattering experimental capability which can be realized only on large neutrons originally, a new technical scheme and equipment conditions are provided for developing a neutron scattering experiment depending on a small accelerator neutron source, and the technical capabilities of complex grazing incidence optical system design, performance simulation and integrated assembly and adjustment are formed.
The number of devices and the scale of the processes described herein are intended to simplify the description of the invention, and applications, modifications and variations of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
While embodiments of the invention have been described above, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, described and illustrated herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features herein disclosed, and to such extent that such modifications are readily available to those skilled in the art, and it is not intended to be limited to the details shown and described herein without departing from the general concept as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. A small focal spot neutron focusing system with high flux, comprising:
annularly arranging a plurality of Montel neutron hypermirrors, and precisely aligning confocal points to ensure that different objects have a common image;
the aspheric reflector substrate is arranged at a distance from the neutron super mirror;
further comprising the steps of:
s1, constructing an optical model for expanding a divergent light source and a focusing system by using Zmax optical system design software;
s2, simulating and calculating the focusing performance of the optical system by using optical tracking software;
s3, introducing surface shape errors and reflectivity factors of the optical element into an optical model of the system;
and S4, researching a system aberration source through optical tracking, optimizing a system structure and a device size according to practical application requirements, and determining device processing requirements.
2. The small focal spot neutron focusing system with high flux according to claim 1, wherein the aspheric mirror substrate manufacturing method comprises:
1) Acquiring two metal elliptic cylindrical lens blanks matched in concave-convex mode by adopting a precision machining method;
2) Precisely turning the reflecting surface of the metal elliptic cylindrical mirror by using an ultra-precise diamond lathe to obtain a metal mold with high surface precision and concave-convex matching;
3) The ultra-thin float glass with an ultra-smooth surface is clamped by a concave-convex two dies to copy the surface shape of a convex metal die, and the thickness of the ultra-thin float glass is less than or equal to 0.3 mm;
4) Simultaneously, precisely polishing the side surface and the reflecting surface of the mirror;
5) And bonding the ultrathin glass and the concave metal die by adopting an epoxy resin bonding method.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein step 5) is performed by using a bar-shaped paste to leave a channel with optimized size between the glass and the metal mold.
4. The small focal spot neutron focusing system with high flux according to claim 3, wherein the neutron supermirror is fabricated by a method comprising:
introducing a numerical optimization method, searching for optimal design parameters by adopting an evaluation function combining reflectivity and film number, and simultaneously obtaining optimal reflection characteristics and the minimum film number;
the method comprises the following steps of (1) representing the generation and evolution rule of a film microstructure by using X-ray small-angle reflection, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope physical measurement means, and regulating and controlling a multilayer film microstructure;
during the magnetron sputtering process, nitrogen reaction gas is introduced.
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