CN115388987A - Calibration device and calibration method for gas flow sensor in high-pressure environment - Google Patents
Calibration device and calibration method for gas flow sensor in high-pressure environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN115388987A CN115388987A CN202210967803.9A CN202210967803A CN115388987A CN 115388987 A CN115388987 A CN 115388987A CN 202210967803 A CN202210967803 A CN 202210967803A CN 115388987 A CN115388987 A CN 115388987A
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- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F25/00—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume
- G01F25/10—Testing or calibration of apparatus for measuring volume, volume flow or liquid level or for metering by volume of flowmeters
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Abstract
The invention provides a calibration device and a calibration method for a gas flow sensor in a high-pressure environment. The calibration device utilizes the speed-adjustable electrode to drive the connecting rod mechanism to generate a stable propelling linear speed, pushes the piston, pushes the gas with the volume V in the fixed-volume gas pipe at a constant speed, generates a gas flow with stable and controllable volume flow, connects the impeller sensor to the output end of the impeller sensor, measures the revolution output of the impeller sensor under different flows, and obtains a revolution-flow response curve f = K a ·Q v +K b . The whole device is positioned in a pressure-controllable high-pressure test cabin, and is tested under the environment with the same temperature and different pressure, so that the rule that two corresponding coefficients Ka and Kb in the response curve of the impeller sensor change along with the pressure can be obtained. The application provides a calibrating device suitable for under the high atmospheric pressure environment, its output can be regarded as the true value of sensor calibration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of gas flow detection applicable to high-pressure environments, including but not limited to respiratory detection of human and animals in high-pressure environments.
Background
In the diving field, when the diver is under water or in diving pressure chamber, the ambient pressure that it was located is the high atmospheric pressure environment of several times ordinary pressure, for monitoring its life state or physical stamina state, generally need carry out respiratory state monitoring, oxygen uptake volume monitoring, above-mentioned monitoring all needs to use flow sensor to record its breathing curve, obtains parameters such as respiratory rate and air flow. Common flow sensors for respiratory flow transmission include differential pressure flow sensors, hot-wire mass flow sensors, ultrasonic flow sensors, impeller/turbine flow sensors, etc., which transmit gas flow signals into pressure difference changes, temperature changes, ultrasonic frequency changes, rotor rotation frequencies, etc., which are further converted into electrical signals. The transmitting principle of most of the flow sensors is related to the ambient pressure, and the output flow value will be distorted to different degrees after the ambient pressure is changed, so that the flow sensors need to be calibrated in a high-pressure environment to obtain the rule that the response curve changes along with the ambient pressure, so that the flow sensors can be used in any high-pressure environment which changes at any time.
The factory calibration or calibration before use of the flow sensor is generally to measure a series of constant flow values simultaneously by using another flow metering device with higher detection precision, use the output of the metering device as a true flow value, obtain corresponding data of a series of output values of the calibrated flow sensor and a real flow value, and fit a response curve of the calibrated flow sensor according to the data values. For calibration in high pressure environment, there is currently no flow metering device available for respiratory flow delivery, and the output of the flow metering device can be used as the true value for calibration of the sensor.
Taking a differential pressure type flow sensor commonly used for detecting respiratory flow of a respirator and a lung function instrument as an example, the pressure difference between two ends of a plate hole transmitted by the differential pressure type flow sensor under a normal pressure stable environment is in direct proportion to the flow, but an outflow coefficient C influencing the pressure difference value, an expansion coefficient epsilon of a detected compressible flow and a detected gas density rho are changed along with the change of parameters such as pressure, temperature and the like. For steady-state measurement, when the pressure changes in a small range, the standard throttling device for industrial pipeline flow detection can be theoretically calibrated by introducing a correction coefficient, and the commercially available small-sized gas differential pressure type flow meters for respiration detection are non-standard throttling devices, the expansion coefficient of the small-sized gas differential pressure type flow meters cannot be corrected by calculation, and real-flow correction is needed.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the technical defects, a first object of the present invention is to provide a calibration device for a gas flow sensor in a high-pressure environment, comprising: the device comprises a power supply, a stepless speed regulation module, a high-pressure test cabin, 4 cabin-penetrating electric connectors, a reciprocating motor, a link mechanism, a volume-fixing air pipe, a pulse counter and an upper computer, wherein the volume-fixing air pipe comprises a front end, a piston and a rear end, and the reciprocating motor, the link mechanism and the volume-fixing air pipe are arranged in the high-pressure test cabin;
the power supply is used for supplying power to the stepless speed regulating module and the reciprocating motor;
the voltage output by the stepless speed regulation module is connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the reciprocating motor through 2 cabin penetrating electric connectors, and the stepless speed regulation module is used for regulating the output rotating speed of the reciprocating motor;
the reciprocating motor is used for driving the connecting rod mechanism to do uniform linear reciprocating motion;
the movable connecting rod mechanism is connected with the piston and used for pushing and pulling the piston of the fixed-volume air pipe to perform uniform linear motion; in this application, the output of the flow meter is sensed only during a portion of the positive stroke of the piston;
the front end of the fixed-volume air pipe is connected with the gas input end of the gas flow sensor, the rear end of the fixed-volume air pipe is communicated with the environment in the high-pressure test chamber,
the pipe diameter of the fixed-volume air pipe is the same as that of the gas input end of the gas flow sensor;
the gas output of the gas flow sensor is communicated with the environment in the high-pressure test cabin;
the pulse signal output by the gas flow sensor is connected with a pulse counter positioned outside the high-voltage test chamber through 2 cabin-penetrating electric connectors;
the pulse counter is connected to the upper computer and transmits the converted pulse counter digital signals to the upper computer.
Further, the ambient pressure and temperature within the hyperbaric test chamber are controllable; high-pressure gas is introduced into the test chamber through the pressure valve, so that the ambient pressure in the chamber can be increased, the test chamber is exhausted through the pressure reducing valve, so that the ambient pressure in the chamber can be reduced, and the current ambient pressure in the chamber can be obtained through a pressure gauge arranged on the test chamber; the temperature control device (realized by adopting a commercially available temperature control module) is arranged in the high-pressure test chamber and used for ensuring that the temperature in the chamber is constant when the flow is calibrated, and the control temperature range is 10-40 ℃.
Further, the speed range of the piston performing uniform linear motion is u min ＝0，u max ＝Q max S, wherein Q max S is the sectional area of the air pipe with the fixed volume.
Further, the maximum volume V of the gas in the volumetric trachea is V = Q max T, t is the shortest time for a single calibration. And selecting constant volume pipes with different specifications according to the calibrated sensors with different ranges, wherein V = S.L, S is the cross section area of the constant volume air pipe, L = vmax.t = Qmax.t/S, so that V = Qmax.t, t is the shortest time of single calibration, and t is usually 2S-5S.
Further, the gas flow sensor is an impeller type flow sensor with linear output in a measuring range.
A second object of the present application is to provide a method for calibrating a gas flow sensor using the above calibration device, comprising:
step S1: connecting the gas input end of the gas flow sensor to the output end of the fixed-volume gas pipe;
step S2: closing a cabin door of the test cabin, introducing high-pressure gas into the test cabin through a pressure valve to enable the environmental pressure in the cabin to rise to P, adjusting a temperature control device to enable the temperature in the cabin to be stabilized at T, and taking the value of T as the room temperature;
and step S3: turning on a power supply, adjusting the speed of a reciprocating motor by a stepless speed adjusting module, driving a link mechanism by the reciprocating motor and linearly pushing a piston at a constant u speed, pushing out gas in a fixed volume gas pipe at a constant speed by the piston, and enabling the gas to enter a gas input end of a gas flow sensor at a stable volume flow Qv, wherein Qv = u.S, and measuring the Q value of the gas flow sensor at Q v The rotation number f of the impeller output under the flow rate, wherein S is the sectional area of the air pipe with the fixed volume;
and step S4: changing the rotating speed of a motor, enabling a connecting rod mechanism to linearly push a piston at a constant speed of u ', enabling gas to enter a gas input end of a gas flow sensor at a flow rate of Qv', wherein Qv '= u'. S, and measuring the rotation number f 'of an impeller output by the gas flow sensor at the flow rate of Qv', wherein S is the sectional area of a gas pipe with a fixed volume;
step S5: repeating the step S3 to obtain the output revolution number of the gas flow sensor under different flow rates when the pressure is P, namely obtaining a revolution number-flow rate response curve f = K a ·Q v +K b ；
Step S6: introducing high-pressure gas into the test chamber through a pressurization valve to enable the ambient pressure in the chamber to rise to P', and adjusting the temperature control device to enable the temperature in the chamber to be still stable at T;
step S7: repeating the steps S3-S5 to obtain the output revolutions of the gas flow sensor at different flow rates when the pressure is P ', and obtaining a revolution-flow response curve f = K' a ·Q v +K’ b ；
Step S8: repeating the steps S6-S7, changing the P value to obtain a series of K a Value sum K b Value, two corresponding coefficients K in the flow sensor revolution-flow response curve are obtained a And K b The law changing with the pressure P is fitted to obtain K a And K b Formula for pressure P: ka (P) = f (P), K b (P) = g (P), where f (P) and g (P) are both fitting functions, and the rpm-flow response curve of the flow sensor at high pressure is obtained: f = f (P). Q v +g(P)。
Further, the gas flow sensor is suitable for air and other gases besides air, and the air in the test chamber is only required to be exhausted before calibration is started, and the gas with the corresponding component is refilled.
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
the application provides a calibrating device suitable for gas flow sensor under the high atmospheric pressure environment, is particularly useful for impeller formula flow sensor, and its output can be as the true value of sensor calibration. The technical scheme of the application fills the blank that no flow metering device which can be used for respiratory flow transmission exists in the prior art. The whole device is positioned in a pressure-controllable high-pressure test cabin, and is tested under the environment with the same temperature and different pressure, so that the rule that two corresponding coefficients Ka and Kb in the response curve of the impeller sensor change along with the pressure can be obtained.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method for calibrating a gas flow sensor by using the calibration apparatus for a gas flow sensor in a high-pressure environment according to the present application.
Detailed Description
The advantages of the invention are further illustrated in the following description of specific embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below do not represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.
The terminology used in the present disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. As used in this disclosure and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The term "include" and variations thereof as used herein is meant to be inclusive in an open-ended manner, i.e., "including but not limited to". It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various information, these information should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one type of information from another, may refer to different or the same objects, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The word "if" as used herein may be interpreted as "at" \8230; "or" when 8230; \8230; "or" in response to a determination ", depending on the context. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, it is to be noted that the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, a communication between two elements, a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium, and specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a calibration apparatus for calibrating a gas flow sensor in a high-pressure environment, which includes: the device comprises a power supply 11, a stepless speed regulation module 12, a high-voltage test chamber 13 with a shell, 2 first chamber-penetrating electric connectors 141, 2 second chamber-penetrating electric connectors 142, a reciprocating motor 15, a connecting rod mechanism 16, a fixed-volume air pipe (comprising a piston 171, a front end 172, a pipe wall 173 and a rear end 174), an upper computer 18 and a pulse counter 19. The gas flow sensor comprises a gas input 21, a gas output 22 and a body 23, and is illustratively a vane-type sensor in this embodiment. The impeller type sensor, the reciprocating motor 15, the connecting rod mechanism 16 and the fixed-volume air pipe are all arranged in the high-pressure testing cabin.
The power supply 11 is used for supplying power to the stepless speed regulating module 12 and the reciprocating motor 15.
The voltage output by the stepless speed regulation module 12 is connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the reciprocating motor 15 through 2 first cabin penetrating electric connectors 141, and the stepless speed regulation module 12 is used for regulating the output rotating speed of the reciprocating motor 15.
The power supply 11, the stepless speed regulation module 12, the reciprocating motor 15 and the 2 first cabin penetrating electric connectors 141 are electrically connected in sequence.
The reciprocating motor 15 is used for driving the link mechanism 16 to do uniform linear reciprocating motion. The movable linkage 16 is connected to the piston 171 and is used for pushing and pulling the piston 171 to perform linear motion at a constant speed.
The front end 172 of the fixed-volume air pipe is connected with the gas input end 21 of the gas flow sensor, the rear end of the fixed-volume air pipe is communicated with the environment in the high-pressure test chamber 13, and the pipe diameter of the fixed-volume air pipe is the same as that of the gas input end of the gas flow sensor.
The gas flow sensor in this embodiment is a vane-type flow sensor with linear output over a range of span. The gas output 22 of the gas flow sensor is in communication with the hyperbaric test chamber environment. The pulse signal output by the gas flow sensor is connected with a pulse counter outside the high-voltage test chamber through 2 second cabin-penetrating electric connectors 142. The pulse counter is connected with the upper computer through the IO equipment and transmits the converted pulse count digital signals to the upper computer.
The environmental pressure and the temperature in the high-pressure test chamber 13 are controllable, high-pressure gas is introduced into the test chamber through a pressure valve to enable the environmental pressure in the chamber to rise, the pressure reducing valve exhausts the test chamber to enable the environmental pressure in the chamber to fall, and the current environmental pressure in the chamber can be obtained through a pressure gauge arranged on the test chamber; a temperature control device (adopting a commercially available temperature control module) is arranged in the high-pressure test chamber and used for ensuring that the temperature in the chamber is constant when flow calibration is carried out, and the control temperature range is 10 ℃ to-40 ℃.
The piston 171 performs a uniform linear motion in a velocity range u min ＝0，u max ＝Q max S, wherein Q max S is the sectional area of the air pipe with the fixed volume. The front end pipe diameter of the fixed-volume air pipe is equal to the air inlet aperture of the calibrated sensor.
And selecting different specifications of the constant-volume pipes according to the calibrated sensors with different measuring ranges, wherein V = S.L, S is the cross section area of the constant-volume air pipe, and L = vmax.t = Qmax.t/S, so that the maximum volume V of the gas in the constant-volume air pipe is V = Qmax.t, t is the shortest time of single calibration, and t is usually 2S-5S. The method for calibrating the impeller type sensor by adopting the calibrating device comprises the following steps:
step S1: connecting the gas input end of the gas flow sensor to the output end of the fixed-volume gas pipe;
s2, closing a cabin door of the test cabin, introducing high-pressure gas into the test cabin through a pressurizing valve to enable the environmental pressure in the cabin to rise to P, adjusting a temperature control device to enable the temperature in the cabin to be stabilized at T, and taking the value of T to be room temperature;
and step S3: turning on a power supply, adjusting the speed of a reciprocating motor by a stepless speed regulation module, driving a connecting rod mechanism by the reciprocating motor and linearly pushing a piston at a constant u speed, pushing out gas in a fixed-volume gas pipe at a constant speed by the piston so that the gas enters a gas input end of a gas flow sensor at a stable volume flow Qv, wherein Qv = u · S, and measuring the Q of the gas flow sensor at Q v The rotation number f of the impeller output under the flow rate, wherein S is the sectional area of the air pipe with the fixed volume;
s4, changing the rotating speed of a motor, enabling a connecting rod mechanism to linearly push a piston at a constant speed of u 'and enabling gas to enter a gas input end of a gas flow sensor at a flow rate of Qv', wherein Qv '= u'. S, and measuring the rotation number f 'of an impeller output by the gas flow sensor at the flow rate of Qv', wherein S is the sectional area of a gas pipe with a fixed volume;
step S5: repeating the step S3 to obtain the output revolution number of the gas flow sensor under different flow rates when the pressure is P, namely obtaining a revolution number-flow rate response curve f = K a ·Q v +K b ；
Step S6: high-pressure gas is introduced into the test chamber through a pressurization valve, so that the ambient pressure in the chamber is increased to P', and the temperature control device is adjusted to stabilize the temperature in the chamber to be T;
step S7: repeating the steps S3-S5 to obtain the output revolutions of the gas flow sensor at different flow rates when the pressure is P ', and obtaining a revolution-flow response curve f = K' a ·Q v +K’ b ；
Step S8, repeating the steps S6-S7, changing the P value to obtain a series of K a Value sum K b Value, two corresponding coefficients K in the flow sensor revolution-flow response curve are obtained a And K b The law changing with the pressure P is fitted to obtain K a And K b Equation for relationship to pressure P: ka (P) = f (P), K b (P) = g (P), where f (P) and g (P) are both fitting functions, and the rpm-flow response curve of the flow sensor at high pressure is obtained: f = f (P). Q v +g(P)。
It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention have been described in terms of preferred embodiments, and not by way of limitation, and that those skilled in the art can make modifications and variations of the embodiments described above without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A calibration device for a gas flow sensor in a high pressure environment, comprising: the device comprises a power supply, a stepless speed regulation module, a high-pressure test cabin, 4 cabin-penetrating electric connectors, a reciprocating motor, a connecting rod mechanism, a volume-fixing air pipe, a pulse counter and an upper computer, wherein the volume-fixing air pipe comprises a front end, a piston and a rear end, and the reciprocating motor, the connecting rod mechanism and the volume-fixing air pipe are arranged in the high-pressure test cabin;
the power supply is used for supplying power to the stepless speed regulating module and the reciprocating motor;
the voltage output by the stepless speed regulation module is connected to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the reciprocating motor through 2 cabin penetrating electric connectors, and the stepless speed regulation module is used for regulating the output rotating speed of the reciprocating motor;
the reciprocating motor is used for driving the connecting rod mechanism to do uniform linear reciprocating motion;
the movable connecting rod mechanism is connected with the piston and used for pushing and pulling the piston of the fixed-volume air pipe to perform uniform linear motion;
the front end of the fixed-volume air pipe is connected with the gas input end of the gas flow sensor, the rear end of the fixed-volume air pipe is communicated with the environment in the high-pressure test chamber, and the pipe diameter of the fixed-volume air pipe is the same as that of the gas input end of the gas flow sensor;
the gas output of the gas flow sensor is communicated with the environment in the high-pressure test cabin;
the pulse signal output by the gas flow sensor is connected with a pulse counter positioned outside the high-voltage test chamber through 2 cabin-passing electric connectors;
the pulse counter is connected with the upper computer and transmits the converted pulse count digital signals to the upper computer.
2. The calibration device for a gas flow sensor in a high pressure environment according to claim 1, wherein the ambient pressure and temperature in the high pressure test chamber are controllable; high-pressure gas is introduced into the test chamber through the pressure valve, so that the ambient pressure in the chamber can be increased, the test chamber is exhausted through the pressure reducing valve, so that the ambient pressure in the chamber can be reduced, and the current ambient pressure in the chamber can be obtained through a pressure gauge arranged on the test chamber; the temperature control device is arranged in the high-pressure test cabin and used for ensuring that the temperature in the cabin is constant when flow calibration is carried out, and the temperature control range is 10-40 ℃.
3. The apparatus for calibrating a gas flow rate sensor under a high-pressure environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the piston performs a uniform linear motion at a speed in the range of u min ＝0，u max ＝Q max S, wherein Q max S is the sectional area of the air pipe with the fixed volume.
4. The calibration device for a gas flow sensor under a high pressure environment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the maximum volume V of the gas in the constant volume gas pipe is V = Q max T, t is the shortest time for a single calibration.
5. The calibration device for an air flow sensor under a high pressure environment according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the air flow sensor is a vane-type flow sensor with linear output in a range of measuring range.
6. A method of calibrating a gas flow sensor using the calibration device of any one of claims 1-5, comprising:
step S1: connecting a gas input end of a gas flow sensor to an output end of a fixed-volume gas pipe;
s2, closing a cabin door of the test cabin, introducing high-pressure gas into the test cabin through a pressure valve to enable the environmental pressure in the cabin to rise to P, adjusting a temperature control device to enable the temperature in the cabin to be stabilized at T, and taking the value of T as the room temperature;
and step S3: turning on a power supply, adjusting the speed of a reciprocating motor by a stepless speed regulation module, driving a connecting rod mechanism by the reciprocating motor and linearly pushing a piston at a constant u speed, pushing out gas in a fixed-volume gas pipe at a constant speed by the piston so that the gas enters a gas input end of a gas flow sensor at a stable volume flow Qv, wherein Qv = u · S, and measuring the Q of the gas flow sensor at Q v The rotation number f of the impeller output under the flow rate, wherein S is the sectional area of the air pipe with the fixed volume;
s4, changing the rotating speed of a motor, enabling a connecting rod mechanism to linearly push a piston at a constant speed of u 'and enabling gas to enter a gas input end of a gas flow sensor at a flow rate of Qv', wherein Qv '= u'. S, and measuring the rotation number f 'of an impeller output by the gas flow sensor at the flow rate of Qv', wherein S is the sectional area of a gas pipe with a fixed volume;
step S5: repeating the step S3 to obtain the output revolution number of the gas flow sensor under different flow rates when the pressure is P, namely obtaining a revolution number-flow rate response curve f = K a ·Q v +K b ；
Step S6: introducing high-pressure gas into the test chamber through a pressurization valve to enable the ambient pressure in the chamber to rise to P', and adjusting the temperature control device to enable the temperature in the chamber to be still stable at T;
step S7: repeating the steps S3-S5 to obtain the output revolutions of the gas flow sensor at different flow rates when the pressure is P ', and obtaining a revolution-flow response curve f = K' a ·Q v +K’ b ；
Step S8, repeating the steps S6-S7, changing the P value to obtain a series of K a Value sum K b Value, two corresponding coefficients K in the flow sensor revolution-flow response curve are obtained a And K b The law is changed along with the pressure P, so that K is fitted a And K b Formula for pressure P: ka (P) = f (P), K b (P) = g (P), where f (P) and g (P) are both fitting functions, and the rpm-flow response curve of the flow sensor at high pressure is obtained: f = f (P). Q v +g(P)。
7. The method of calibrating a gas flow sensor according to claim 6, wherein the gas flow sensor is adapted for use with air and other gases than air, and the test chamber is emptied of air and refilled with a gas of the appropriate composition before calibration is initiated.
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