CN115388806A - Method and device for detecting surface line type deviation of part, electronic equipment and storage medium - Google Patents
Method and device for detecting surface line type deviation of part, electronic equipment and storage medium Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method and a device for detecting linear deviation of a part surface, electronic equipment and a storage medium, wherein the method comprises the following steps: three-dimensional scanning is carried out on a part to be detected so as to obtain surface linear three-dimensional scanning data of the part to be detected; performing three-dimensional reverse modeling on the part to be detected according to the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected; and carrying out deviation comparison on the reverse construction model and the theoretical model of the part to be detected to obtain the surface linear deviation detection data of the part to be detected. The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention can improve the efficiency and the precision of the detection of the linear deviation of the surface of the part.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of part detection, in particular to a method and a device for detecting linear deviation of a part surface, electronic equipment and a storage medium.
Background
The surface line type deviation detection of the part is mainly to calculate the deviation of actual detection data of the surface line type of the part and theoretical data of the surface line type of the part, namely to detect the external line type of the part so as to determine the deviation degree of the part. The marine steel casting is taken as an example to illustrate, the marine steel casting has a complex shape, such as a shaft bracket casting, a stern shaft hub casting, a rudder horn integral casting and the like. The steel castings can deform in the processes of pouring, heat treatment, cooling, later polishing and the like. In order to ensure that the external line type of the steel casting meets the design requirements, the external line type of the steel casting needs to be detected.
At present, there are two traditional detection methods for the surface line type of a part: the first detection mode is card sample detection, and a sample CAD drawing for detection is drawn according to the design outline of a part, and a wooden sample 1:1 is manufactured according to the drawing. During the use process, the part needs to be positioned, and a corresponding template check line is marked on the part. The second detection mode is a total station measurement mode, specifically, coordinates of mark points on a part are measured by using the total station, and the coordinates of each measured point are compared with a theoretical model of the part, so that a linear deviation value of the part corresponding to the point is obtained.
In the process of implementing the invention, the inventor finds that the prior art has the following defects: the mode that the card appearance detected relies on the manpower with the model card in the lineation department that corresponds, look over the deviation degree. The method can only roughly check the linear deviation degree manually, and the measurement error is large. In addition, the conventional check wood card requires at least two days from the manufacturing to the scaffolding scribing, so that the detection precision and efficiency of the part detection method are low, and the line type data of the actual part cannot be acquired. The total station measuring mode can only measure aiming at the mark points, enough coordinate data of the points must be measured for comparing the complete line type, the points are connected into a line through other software at the later stage, the measuring process is complex, the workload is large, and the detection efficiency is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for detecting the linear deviation of the surface of a part, electronic equipment and a storage medium, which can improve the efficiency and the precision of detecting the linear deviation of the surface of the part.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for detecting a linear deviation of a surface of a part, including:
three-dimensional scanning is carried out on a part to be detected so as to obtain surface linear three-dimensional scanning data of the part to be detected;
performing three-dimensional reverse modeling on the part to be detected according to the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected;
and carrying out deviation comparison on the reverse construction model and the theoretical model of the part to be detected to obtain the surface linear deviation detection data of the part to be detected.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a part surface line type deviation detecting apparatus, including:
the three-dimensional scanning data acquisition module is used for carrying out three-dimensional scanning on the part to be detected so as to acquire surface linear three-dimensional scanning data of the part to be detected;
the reverse construction model obtaining module is used for carrying out three-dimensional reverse modeling on the part to be detected according to the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected;
and the deviation detection data acquisition module is used for carrying out deviation comparison on the reverse construction model and the theoretical model of the part to be detected to obtain the surface linear deviation detection data of the part to be detected.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electronic apparatus including:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein,
the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, the computer program being executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method for detecting deviations in line shape of a surface of a part according to any of the embodiments of the present invention.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a processor to implement the method for detecting linear deviation of surface of a part according to any one of the embodiments of the present invention.
The method and the device for detecting the surface linear deviation of the part have the advantages that the three-dimensional scanning data of the surface linear of the part to be detected are obtained by three-dimensionally scanning the part to be detected, three-dimensional reverse modeling is carried out on the part to be detected according to the three-dimensional scanning data of the part to be detected, the reverse construction model of the surface linear of the part to be detected is obtained, deviation comparison is carried out on the reverse construction model of the part to be detected and the theoretical model, deviation detection data of the surface linear of the part to be detected are obtained, the problems that the existing part surface linear deviation detection method is low in detection efficiency and detection precision and the like are solved, and the efficiency and the precision of part surface linear deviation detection can be improved.
It should be understood that the statements in this section do not necessarily identify key or critical features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor do they necessarily limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for detecting linear deviations of a surface of a part according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an effect of a point cloud data file importing interface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an interface effect of a point cloud model after a point cloud data file is imported according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating an effect of an adjusted point cloud model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an effect of triangularization on three-dimensional point cloud data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of a theoretical model of a casting shell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a model effect after a point cloud model is adjusted and positioned and is overlapped with a theoretical model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating an effect of a clipped point cloud model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a partial region of a surface model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the effect of a three-dimensional reverse modeled curved surface profile of a casting according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional line type comparison of two models provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of an interface for bias analysis of two models according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a device for detecting linear deviations of a surface of a component according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Example one
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for detecting deviation of surface line type of a part according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the embodiment is applicable to a case where data modeling is performed according to scanned three-dimensional data of the surface line type of the part to calculate deviation detection data of the surface line type of the part according to a constructed model and a theoretical model, and the method may be performed by a device for detecting deviation of surface line type of the part, where the device may be implemented by software and/or hardware, and may be generally integrated in an electronic device, where the electronic device may be a terminal device or a server device, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit a specific device type of the electronic device. Accordingly, as shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following operations:
s110, three-dimensional scanning is conducted on the part to be detected, so that surface linear three-dimensional scanning data of the part to be detected are obtained.
The part to be detected may be a part for which surface line type deviation data needs to be detected, and may be, for example, a part such as a steel casting, etc., whose surface is easily uneven. The surface profile is the outer profile of the surface of the part. The three-dimensional scanning data can be three-dimensional type scanning data obtained by three-dimensionally scanning a part to be detected.
In the embodiment of the invention, in order to improve the detection efficiency of the surface line type deviation data of the part to be detected, a professional three-dimensional scanning tool such as a three-dimensional scanner can be used for directly performing three-dimensional scanning on the part to be detected so as to obtain the point cloud data of the complete appearance of the part to be detected as the surface line type three-dimensional scanning data of the part to be detected.
It can be understood that the data processing efficiency of three-dimensional scanning of the part to be detected is high, for example, the scanning of a single part can be completed in about 2 hours. While the conventional check wood card requires at least two days from the manufacture to the lining up of the rack, the total station also needs to measure a large number of points respectively. Therefore, the three-dimensional scanning mode can greatly improve the data processing efficiency.
And S120, performing three-dimensional reverse modeling on the part to be detected according to the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected.
The reverse construction model is a construction model obtained by performing reverse modeling by using scanned data, and the model can be equal to an actual model of the part to be detected.
Correspondingly, after the surface linear three-dimensional scanning data of the part to be detected is obtained, the three-dimensional scanning data can be input into a professional three-dimensional data processing tool so as to carry out three-dimensional reverse modeling on the part to be detected according to the three-dimensional scanning data, and a reverse construction model of the part to be detected is obtained. Optionally, a CATIA (reach-cable system) may be used as a three-dimensional data processing tool to perform three-dimensional inverse modeling on a part to be detected by using three-dimensional scanning data, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the tool type of the three-dimensional data processing tool.
It can be understood that the accurate actual external linear model of the part can be obtained by performing three-dimensional reverse modeling on the part to be detected according to the three-dimensional scanning data by using the three-dimensional data processing tool, the error between the obtained reverse construction model and the actual model is small, namely the precision of the reverse construction model is high, the generation efficiency is high, and therefore the precision and the efficiency of the obtained deviation detection data of the surface linear of the part to be detected are high.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the performing three-dimensional reverse modeling on the part to be detected according to the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected may include: carrying out data preprocessing on the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data; carrying out data positioning constraint processing on the preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data to obtain a positioning constraint model of the part to be detected; generating a correction model according to the positioning constraint model and the theoretical model; and performing reverse surface modeling on the correction model to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected.
The data preprocessing operation may include, but is not limited to, data range adjustment, data cleansing, data filtering, data triangularization, and the like. Preprocessing the three-dimensional scanning data, namely, preprocessing the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain the data. The data positioning constraint processing is to perform positioning constraint operation on the data, and the specific manner may include, but is not limited to, positioning by data coordinates, or positioning by positioning a preset positioning mark. By orientation is understood that the angle and/or position of the constructed model is adjusted to coincide with the theoretical model orientation. The positioning constraint model can be an adjustment model obtained by performing data positioning constraint processing on preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data. The correction model may be a model obtained by refining the positioning constraint model using a theoretical model so that the positioning constraint model is closer to the actual model.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the performing data preprocessing on the three-dimensional scan data to obtain preprocessed three-dimensional scan data may include: adjusting the data range of the three-dimensional scanning data according to the part shape of the part to be detected to obtain adjusted three-dimensional scanning data; performing data dilution processing on the adjusted three-dimensional scanning data to obtain diluted three-dimensional scanning data; and performing point cloud triangulation processing on the diluted three-dimensional scanning data to obtain the preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data.
The three-dimensional scanning data may be three-dimensional data obtained by adjusting a data range of the three-dimensional scanning data. The diluted three-dimensional scan data may be three-dimensional data obtained by performing data dilution processing on the adjusted three-dimensional scan data.
It is understood that when the three-dimensional scanning is performed on the part to be detected, all objects in the scanning area are scanned together, so the three-dimensional scanning data usually includes many unnecessary data. Therefore, the data preprocessing of the three-dimensional scanning data can be realized by firstly adjusting the data range of the three-dimensional scanning data according to the part model of the part to be detected, reducing the three-dimensional scanning data range, and only keeping the point cloud data of the part to be detected and the range near the part to obtain the adjusted three-dimensional scanning data. In order to further improve the detection efficiency, data dilution processing may be performed on the adjusted three-dimensional scan data to reduce the amount of data computation, thereby obtaining diluted three-dimensional scan data. Since the diluted three-dimensional scan data is composed of numerous points, in order to perform reverse modeling operation on the diluted three-dimensional scan data, point cloud triangulation surfacing needs to be performed on the diluted three-dimensional scan data, that is, data points of the diluted three-dimensional scan data are connected with each other through a triangular patch to form a triangular mesh. The essence is that the topological relation between a data point and its adjacent points is reflected by a triangular mesh. And after point cloud triangulation processing is carried out on the diluted three-dimensional scanning data, all data preprocessing operations are completed, and preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data are obtained.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the performing data positioning constraint processing on the preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data to obtain a positioning constraint model of the part to be detected may include: acquiring actual annotation positioning data of the preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data and theoretical annotation positioning data of the theoretical model; and carrying out data positioning constraint processing on the actual annotation positioning data and the theoretical annotation positioning data to obtain a positioning constraint model of the part to be detected.
The actual annotation positioning data may be data with annotation positioning information in the preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data. The theoretical annotation positioning data can be data with annotation positioning information in the theoretical model.
Optionally, before the three-dimensional scanning is performed on the part to be detected, a positioning mark may be made on the part to be detected first, so that the part to be detected is subsequently positioned and compared with the theoretical model, and thus the positioning mark is also attached to the three-dimensional scanning data obtained by the three-dimensional scanning of the part to be detected. It can be understood that the three-dimensional scanning data obtained by three-dimensional scanning the part to be detected is not positioned in accordance with the theoretical model. Therefore, the actual annotation positioning data included in the preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data can be used for positioning and comparing with the theoretical annotation positioning data of the theoretical model, so that a positioning constraint model which keeps the angle and/or the position consistent with the theoretical model is generated.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the generating a correction model according to the positioning constraint model and the theoretical model may include: superposing the positioning constraint model and the theoretical model to obtain a superposed model; and cutting the superposition model according to the theoretical model to obtain the correction model.
The superposition model can be a model formed by superposing a positioning constraint model and a theoretical model.
Correspondingly, after the positioning constraint model is obtained, the positioning constraint model and the theoretical model can be superposed to obtain a superposed model. Because the model range of the positioning constraint model is generally larger than that of the theoretical model, the heavy-duty die can be cut according to the theoretical model, and the partial model outside the region of the part to be detected is mainly cut to obtain the correction model.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the performing reverse surface modeling on the correction model to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected may include: carrying out region segmentation on the correction model to obtain a region correction model; performing reverse surface modeling on each region correction model to obtain a reverse region surface model; performing deviation calculation on the model data of the regional inverse surface model and the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain regional deviation data; under the condition that the regional deviation data is determined to exceed a preset deviation threshold, performing regional segmentation on the regional reverse curved surface model again to obtain a refined segmented regional correction model, and returning to execute the operation of performing curved surface reverse modeling on each regional correction model until the regional deviation data is determined not to exceed the preset deviation threshold; and combining the reverse curved surface models of the regions to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected.
The regional correction model may be a partial regional model of the correction model, and the regional reverse curved surface model may be a model obtained by performing reverse curved surface modeling on the regional correction model. It is understood that the reverse construction model is composed of a plurality of regional reverse surface models. The regional deviation data can be deviation data between model data of the regional inverse surface model and the three-dimensional scan data. The preset deviation threshold may be adaptively set according to the size of the part and the actual requirement, for example, 1mm, and the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the specific value of the preset deviation threshold.
In order to further ensure the accuracy of the reverse construction model, when the reverse construction model is constructed, the correction model may be subjected to region segmentation, and the segmentation is performed into a plurality of regions, and each region serves as a region correction model. Furthermore, reverse surface modeling is carried out on each regional correction model to obtain a regional reverse surface model. In order to avoid overlarge deviation between the reversely modeled curved surface and the original point cloud model caused by overlarge curvature change, deviation calculation can be performed on model data of the reverse curved surface model in each area and corresponding three-dimensional scanning data to obtain area deviation data of the reverse curved surface model in each area and the corresponding three-dimensional scanning data. And if the regional deviation data exceeds the preset deviation threshold, continuing to perform regional segmentation again on the regional reverse curved surface model with the regional deviation data exceeding the preset deviation threshold to obtain a refined segmented regional correction model, and performing curved surface reverse modeling operation on each regional correction model again aiming at the refined segmented regional correction model until the regional deviation data is determined not to exceed the preset deviation threshold. And after the reverse curved surface models of all the regions are constructed, combining the reverse curved surface models of all the regions to obtain the reverse constructed model of the part to be detected.
S130, carrying out deviation comparison on the reverse construction model and the theoretical model of the part to be detected to obtain deviation detection data of the surface line type of the part to be detected.
In an optional embodiment of the present invention, the comparing the deviation between the reverse construction model and the theoretical model of the part to be detected to obtain the deviation detection data of the surface line type of the part to be detected may include: cutting the section of the reverse construction model and the section of the theoretical model at the same model position to obtain a section of a cutting model; comparing the section line type of the cutting model section of the reverse construction model and the theoretical model to obtain two-dimensional deviation detection data of the surface line type of the part to be detected; and/or inputting the reverse construction model and the theoretical model into a three-dimensional model processing tool, and automatically calculating the surface linetype deviation detection data of the part to be detected.
The cutting model section can be a two-dimensional section obtained by cutting sections of the reverse construction model and the theoretical model at the same model position. The two-dimensional deviation detection data may be a two-dimensional type of deviation detection data.
In the embodiment of the invention, the deviation comparison can be carried out on the reverse construction model and the theoretical model of the part to be detected in a plurality of different modes. The first mode is specifically as follows: after the reverse modeling of the three-dimensional scanning data is completed, the line type of the reverse construction model and the line type of the theoretical model at the same model position can be cut out for comparison, and the deviation area can be determined more intuitively. The second mode is specifically as follows: and directly inputting the reverse construction model and the theoretical model into a three-dimensional model processing tool, and automatically calculating the surface linear deviation detection data of the part to be detected, wherein the deviation detection data can be data in a three-dimensional form. Or, the three-dimensional scanning data and the theoretical model obtained by scanning can be directly input into a three-dimensional model processing tool so as to automatically calculate the surface linear deviation detection data of the part to be detected.
In a specific example, a ship steel casting is taken as an example to specifically describe the method for detecting the surface linear deviation of the part provided by the embodiment of the invention. By adopting two traditional casting surface linear deviation detection methods, the measurement workload is large, the precision is low, an accurate external line type file of an actual casting cannot be completely generated, an accurate casting model cannot be provided for carrying out the evaluation calculation of the ship performance, and an accurate data basis cannot be provided for the subsequent repair work. In the embodiment of the invention, the point cloud data generated by three-dimensional scanning of the marine steel casting is processed through CATIA, and the three-dimensional scanning point cloud data is reversely modeled, so that the actual shape deviation of the casting can be accurately measured. In addition, the acquired deviation data can be used for evaluating the influence degree of the linear deviation of the casting on the ship performance, and can extract related data to provide data support for on-site casting repair work through size deviation analysis of the deviation data and a theoretical model, so that the influence of the linear deviation of the casting on the ship performance is eliminated to the maximum extent.
More specifically, the three-dimensional scanning and point cloud data processing process of a stern hub casting will be described as an example.
(1) And scanning the casting by adopting a three-dimensional scanner to obtain point cloud data of the complete casting appearance, and making a positioning mark on the casting before scanning so as to perform positioning comparison with a theoretical model subsequently.
(2) And importing the scanned point cloud data into CATIA software.
(2.1) deriving the scanned casting point cloud data from the three-dimensional scanner in an IGS (one data format) format. The CATIA enters a DigitatiedShapeeeditor (digital graphic editor) module, and point cloud data of the casting is imported by using an Import function, and an Import interface is shown in FIG. 2. As shown in fig. 2, the parameter Format in the interface diagram needs to select the same data Format as the imported three-dimensional scan data: igs, and selecting group and Statistics, so that the constructed model is output in a group form. In addition, the unit of the Fileunit in the interface map needs to be consistent with the unit of the imported point cloud data, for example, the unit of the point cloud data may be millimeter, and the Fileunit parameter needs to be set to millimeter. The Scalefactor parameter may optionally be set to 100, indicating that the data is scaled to 1:1.
(2.2) performing the three-dimensional scan scans all objects in the scanning area together, such as the section where the hub is located, other objects such as the gantry, and the like. In the process of importing the point cloud data, the 'update' function of the CATIA can be clicked to preview an imported point cloud model, as shown in FIG. 3, then the range of the point cloud is adjusted as required, only the point cloud of the casting and the range near the casting are reserved, and the adjusted point cloud is shown in FIG. 4.
(3) And editing point cloud data.
In order to improve the processing efficiency and the usability of the point cloud data, the point cloud can be further diluted properly by using the Filter function of the CATIA to reduce the calculation amount; and Remove the unnecessary point cloud data as much as possible by using the Remove function of CATIA.
(4) And point cloud triangle surfacing.
The mesh creation function of the CATIA may be used to triangulate the point cloud data, and the triangulated point cloud data refers to fig. 5.
(5) And positioning the three-dimensional point cloud model.
The positioning of the three-dimensional scanning point cloud data is not consistent with that of the casting model, and the three-dimensional scanning point cloud data model is required to be positioned and adjusted to be consistent with that of the casting model, so that linear comparison work can be carried out. The theoretical model of the casting shell is shown in fig. 6.
Positioning constraint operation can be carried out by utilizing the assembly module function of CATIA software; and (3) positioning operation is carried out through the positioning marks made during three-dimensional scanning in the first step, the point cloud model which is constructed in a three-dimensional reverse mode is superposed with the theoretical model, and the superposed model is shown in figure 7.
(6) And pruning the point cloud data.
After the three-dimensional scanning point cloud model is positioned and determined, in order to facilitate subsequent reverse modeling work, a point cloud model outside a casting area can be trimmed by using the Trim/Split function of CATIA software, only the point cloud model in a hub area is reserved, and the trimmed point cloud model is as shown in FIG. 8.
(7) And performing reverse modeling on the point cloud curved surface.
In order to maximally restore the actual line type of the hub casting, the Automatic Surface function of CATIA software can be used for carrying out Surface modeling on the point cloud. In order to avoid overlarge deviation between a curved surface subjected to reverse modeling and an original point cloud model caused by overlarge curvature change, a Trim point cloud file of the hub can be divided into a plurality of areas by using the Trim/Split function of CATIA software, modeling operation is respectively carried out on point cloud data of each area, and finally the point cloud data are synthesized into a whole. In the following, reference 9 is taken as an example of inverse modeling of a point cloud in a certain area.
In order to ensure that the actual line type of the casting is reduced as much as possible, deviation analysis can be carried out on the curved surface generated through point cloud fitting and the original point cloud data, and the deviation degree of the curved surface model and the three-dimensional scanning point cloud data is checked by utilizing the deviation analysis function of Deviationanalysis of CATIA software. If the deviation is too large, the point cloud needs to be continuously divided into two partial areas, and the curved surface reverse modeling of the point cloud is respectively carried out. After the point clouds of the three-dimensional scanning points are divided and the reverse curved surface modeling is respectively completed, the point clouds are combined, and the curved surface of the actual casting of the combined shaft hub is as shown in figure 10.
(8) And analyzing the deviation of the external line of the casting.
The method comprises the following steps: after the three-dimensional scanning point cloud data is reversely modeled, the model obtained through reverse modeling and a theoretical model can be compared in the line type of each section cut at the same position, so that a deviation area can be determined more visually, and preparation is made for later finishing work. Fig. 11 is a line-type comparison graph of the model obtained by reverse modeling and the theoretical model in the same section.
The method 2 comprises the following steps: by using the deviation analysis function of Demationalisis of CATIA software, three-dimensional scanning point cloud data (or a casting model after point cloud reverse modeling) and a theoretical model of a hull casting can be compared and analyzed, deviation areas and deviation values of all points can be checked, and specific comparison and analysis refer to FIG. 12.
By the method for detecting the linear deviation of the surface of the part, the three-dimensional scanning technology is applied to the detection of the external linear deviation of the casting and the application of the CATIA point cloud reverse modeling technology, so that the key technical problems of accurate linear detection, linear deviation analysis, casting scanning point cloud reverse modeling and the like of the casting are successfully solved. The method is applied to the detection of the linear deviation of the surface of the casting, the detection precision of the linear of the casting can be greatly improved, the precision can reach 0.1mm, the error of the rough estimated offset distance by naked eyes is extremely small compared with the traditional wooden sample card detection, and the measurement precision of a total station can not reach the precision of three-dimensional scanning. In addition, the method can also obviously improve the detection efficiency of the appearance of the casting, and the scanning of a single casting can be completed in about 2 hours. The traditional check wood card requires at least two days from manufacturing to erecting and marking, and the total station needs to measure a large number of points respectively, so that the efficiency is low. Through point cloud reverse modeling, an accurate actual external model of the casting can be obtained, and the method can be used for calculating and evaluating the influence of the actual external model on the ship performance. And the traditional detection method cannot generate accurate casting appearance. By comparing the actual casting line type with the theoretical model, performing deviation analysis, generating a section line and the like, the deviation range and data can be known specifically, data support can be provided for subsequent casting line type correction work, and the influence of casting line type deviation on the ship performance is eliminated to the maximum extent.
The method and the device for detecting the surface linear deviation of the part have the advantages that the three-dimensional scanning data of the surface linear of the part to be detected are obtained by three-dimensionally scanning the part to be detected, three-dimensional reverse modeling is carried out on the part to be detected according to the three-dimensional scanning data of the part to be detected, the reverse construction model of the surface linear of the part to be detected is obtained, deviation comparison is carried out on the reverse construction model of the part to be detected and the theoretical model, deviation detection data of the surface linear of the part to be detected are obtained, the problems that the existing part surface linear deviation detection method is low in detection efficiency and detection precision and the like are solved, and the efficiency and the precision of part surface linear deviation detection can be improved.
It should be noted that any permutation and combination between the technical features in the above embodiments also belong to the scope of the present invention.
Example two
Fig. 13 is a schematic view of a device for detecting linear deviations of a surface of a part according to a second embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 13, the device includes: a three-dimensional scanning data obtaining module 210, a reverse construction model obtaining module 220, and a deviation detection data obtaining module 230, wherein:
the three-dimensional scanning data acquiring module 210 is configured to perform three-dimensional scanning on a part to be detected to acquire surface linear three-dimensional scanning data of the part to be detected;
the reverse construction model obtaining module 220 is configured to perform three-dimensional reverse modeling on the part to be detected according to the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected;
the deviation detection data obtaining module 230 is configured to perform deviation comparison on the reverse construction model and the theoretical model of the part to be detected, so as to obtain surface linear deviation detection data of the part to be detected.
The method and the device for detecting the surface linear deviation of the part have the advantages that the three-dimensional scanning data of the surface linear of the part to be detected are obtained by three-dimensionally scanning the part to be detected, three-dimensional reverse modeling is carried out on the part to be detected according to the three-dimensional scanning data of the part to be detected, the reverse construction model of the surface linear of the part to be detected is obtained, deviation comparison is carried out on the reverse construction model of the part to be detected and the theoretical model, deviation detection data of the surface linear of the part to be detected are obtained, the problems that the existing part surface linear deviation detection method is low in detection efficiency and detection precision and the like are solved, and the efficiency and the precision of part surface linear deviation detection can be improved.
Optionally, the inverse building model obtaining module 220 is specifically configured to: carrying out data preprocessing on the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data; carrying out data positioning constraint processing on the preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data to obtain a positioning constraint model of the part to be detected; generating a correction model according to the positioning constraint model and the theoretical model; and performing reverse surface modeling on the correction model to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected.
Optionally, the inverse building model obtaining module 220 is specifically configured to: adjusting the data range of the three-dimensional scanning data according to the part shape of the part to be detected to obtain adjusted three-dimensional scanning data; performing data dilution processing on the adjusted three-dimensional scanning data to obtain diluted three-dimensional scanning data; and performing point cloud triangulation processing on the diluted three-dimensional scanning data to obtain the preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data.
Optionally, the inverse building model obtaining module 220 is specifically configured to: acquiring actual annotation positioning data of the preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data and theoretical annotation positioning data of the theoretical model; and carrying out data positioning constraint processing on the actual annotation positioning data and the theoretical annotation positioning data to obtain a positioning constraint model of the part to be detected.
Optionally, the inverse building model obtaining module 220 is specifically configured to: superposing the positioning constraint model and the theoretical model to obtain a superposed model; and cutting the superposition model according to the theoretical model to obtain the correction model.
Optionally, the inverse building model obtaining module 220 is specifically configured to: carrying out region segmentation on the correction model to obtain a region correction model; performing reverse surface modeling on each region correction model to obtain a reverse region surface model; performing deviation calculation on the model data of the regional reverse surface model and the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain regional deviation data; under the condition that the regional deviation data is determined to exceed a preset deviation threshold value, performing regional segmentation on the regional reverse curved surface model again to obtain a refined segmented regional correction model; returning to execute the operation of performing curved surface reverse modeling on each region correction model until the region deviation data is determined not to exceed a preset deviation threshold; and combining the reverse curved surface models of the regions to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected.
Optionally, the deviation detection data obtaining module 230 is specifically configured to: cutting the section of the reverse construction model and the theoretical model at the same model position to obtain a cut model section; comparing the section line type of the cutting model section of the reverse construction model and the theoretical model to obtain two-dimensional deviation detection data of the surface line type of the part to be detected; and/or inputting the reverse construction model and the theoretical model into a three-dimensional model processing tool, and automatically calculating the surface linear deviation detection data of the part to be detected.
The part surface linear deviation detection device can execute the part surface linear deviation detection method provided by any embodiment of the invention, and has corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the execution method. For details of the technology not described in detail in this embodiment, reference may be made to the method for detecting line type deviations of the surface of a part provided in any embodiment of the present invention.
Since the above-described device for detecting linear deviations of a surface of a part is a device capable of executing the method for detecting linear deviations of a surface of a part in the embodiment of the present invention, based on the method for detecting linear deviations of a surface of a part described in the embodiment of the present invention, a person skilled in the art can understand the specific implementation of the device for detecting linear deviations of a surface of a part in the embodiment of the present invention and various modifications thereof, and therefore, a detailed description of how the device for detecting linear deviations of a surface of a part realizes the method for detecting linear deviations of a surface of a part in the embodiment of the present invention is not provided here. The device used by those skilled in the art to implement the method for detecting the linear deviation of the surface of the part in the embodiment of the present invention is within the protection scope of the present application.
EXAMPLE III
FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device 10 that may be used to implement an embodiment of the present invention. Electronic devices are intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptops, desktops, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframes, and other appropriate computers. The electronic device may also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital assistants, cellular phones, smart phones, wearable devices (e.g., helmets, glasses, watches, etc.), and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions, are meant to be exemplary only, and are not meant to limit implementations of the inventions described and/or claimed herein.
As shown in fig. 14, the electronic device 10 includes at least one processor 11, and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor 11, such as a Read Only Memory (ROM) 12, a Random Access Memory (RAM) 13, and the like, wherein the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor, and the processor 11 may perform various suitable actions and processes according to the computer program stored in the Read Only Memory (ROM) 12 or the computer program loaded from a storage unit 18 into the Random Access Memory (RAM) 13. In the RAM13, various programs and data necessary for the operation of the electronic apparatus 10 can also be stored. The processor 11, the ROM12, and the RAM13 are connected to each other via a bus 14. An input/output (I/O) interface 15 is also connected to bus 14.
A number of components in the electronic device 10 are connected to the I/O interface 15, including: an input unit 16 such as a keyboard, a mouse, or the like; an output unit 17 such as various types of displays, speakers, and the like; a storage unit 18 such as a magnetic disk, optical disk, or the like; and a communication unit 19 such as a network card, modem, wireless communication transceiver, etc. The communication unit 19 allows the electronic device 10 to exchange information/data with other devices via a computer network, such as the internet, and/or various telecommunication networks.
The processor 11 may be a variety of general and/or special purpose processing components having processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of processor 11 include, but are not limited to, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), various specialized Artificial Intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, or the like. The processor 11 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as the part surface linetype deviation detection method.
In some embodiments, the part surface linear deviation detection method may be implemented as a computer program tangibly embodied in a computer-readable storage medium, such as storage unit 18. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and/or installed onto the electronic device 10 via the ROM12 and/or the communication unit 19. When loaded into RAM13 and executed by processor 11, the computer program may perform one or more of the steps of the part surface line type deviation detection method described above. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the processor 11 may be configured to perform the part surface linear deviation detection method by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).
Various implementations of the systems and techniques described here above may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry, field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), application Specific Standard Products (ASSPs), system on a chip (SOCs), load programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include: implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable and/or interpretable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be special or general purpose, receiving data and instructions from, and transmitting data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.
A computer program for implementing the methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the computer programs, when executed by the processor, cause the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks to be performed. A computer program can execute entirely on a machine, partly on a machine, as a stand-alone software package partly on a machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on a remote machine or server.
In the context of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium may be a tangible medium that can contain, or store a computer program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. Alternatively, the computer readable storage medium may be a machine readable signal medium. More specific examples of a machine-readable storage medium would include an electrical connection based on one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
To provide for interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described here can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to a user; and a keyboard and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or a trackball) by which a user can provide input to the electronic device. Other kinds of devices may also be used to provide for interaction with a user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user may be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input.
The systems and techniques described here can be implemented in a computing system that includes a back-end component (e.g., as a data server), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or that includes a front-end component (e.g., a user computer having a graphical user interface or a web browser through which a user can interact with an implementation of the systems and techniques described here), or any combination of such back-end, middleware, or front-end components. The components of the system can be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include: local Area Networks (LANs), wide Area Networks (WANs), blockchain networks, and the internet.
The computing system may include clients and servers. A client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a communication network. The relationship of client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other. The server can be a cloud server, also called a cloud computing server or a cloud host, and is a host product in a cloud computing service system, so that the defects of high management difficulty and weak service expansibility in the traditional physical host and VPS service are overcome.
Example four
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a computer storage medium storing a computer program, where the computer program is executed by a computer processor to perform the method for detecting linear deviation of a surface of a part according to any one of the above embodiments of the present invention: three-dimensional scanning is carried out on a part to be detected so as to obtain surface linear three-dimensional scanning data of the part to be detected; performing three-dimensional reverse modeling on the part to be detected according to the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected; and carrying out deviation comparison on the reverse construction model and the theoretical model of the part to be detected to obtain the surface linear deviation detection data of the part to be detected.
Computer storage media for embodiments of the invention may employ any combination of one or more computer-readable media. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM, or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the context of this document, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated data signal may take many forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.
Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, radio Frequency (RF), etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, smalltalk, C + + or the like and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider).
It should be understood that various forms of the flows shown above may be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in the present invention may be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, and are not limited herein as long as the desired result of the technical solution of the present invention can be achieved.
The above-described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations and substitutions may be made, depending on design requirements and other factors. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for detecting the linear deviation of the surface of a part is characterized by comprising the following steps:
three-dimensional scanning is carried out on a part to be detected so as to obtain surface linear three-dimensional scanning data of the part to be detected;
performing three-dimensional reverse modeling on the part to be detected according to the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected;
and carrying out deviation comparison on the reverse construction model and the theoretical model of the part to be detected to obtain the surface linear deviation detection data of the part to be detected.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional reverse modeling the part to be detected according to the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected comprises:
carrying out data preprocessing on the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data;
carrying out data positioning constraint processing on the preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data to obtain a positioning constraint model of the part to be detected;
generating a correction model according to the positioning constraint model and the theoretical model;
and performing reverse surface modeling on the correction model to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the pre-processing the three-dimensional scan data to obtain pre-processed three-dimensional scan data comprises:
adjusting the data range of the three-dimensional scanning data according to the part model of the part to be detected to obtain adjusted three-dimensional scanning data;
performing data dilution processing on the adjusted three-dimensional scanning data to obtain diluted three-dimensional scanning data;
and performing point cloud triangulation processing on the diluted three-dimensional scanning data to obtain the preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the performing data positioning constraint processing on the preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data to obtain a positioning constraint model of the part to be detected comprises:
acquiring actual annotation positioning data of the preprocessed three-dimensional scanning data and theoretical annotation positioning data of the theoretical model;
and carrying out data positioning constraint processing on the actual annotation positioning data and the theoretical annotation positioning data to obtain a positioning constraint model of the part to be detected.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein generating a corrective model from the positioning constraint model and the theoretical model comprises:
superposing the positioning constraint model and the theoretical model to obtain a superposed model;
and cutting the superposition model according to the theoretical model to obtain the correction model.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein the performing reverse surface modeling on the correction model to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected comprises:
carrying out region segmentation on the correction model to obtain a region correction model;
performing reverse surface modeling on each region correction model to obtain a reverse region surface model;
performing deviation calculation on the model data of the regional reverse surface model and the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain regional deviation data;
under the condition that the regional deviation data exceeds a preset deviation threshold value, carrying out regional segmentation on the regional reverse curved surface model again to obtain a refined segmented regional correction model;
returning to execute the operation of performing curved surface reverse modeling on each region correction model until the region deviation data is determined not to exceed a preset deviation threshold;
and combining the reverse curved surface models of the regions to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of comparing the deviation of the reverse construction model and the theoretical model of the part to be detected to obtain the deviation detection data of the surface line type of the part to be detected comprises:
cutting the section of the reverse construction model and the theoretical model at the same model position to obtain a cut model section;
comparing the section line type of the cutting model section of the reverse construction model with the section line type of the cutting model section of the theoretical model to obtain two-dimensional deviation detection data of the surface line type of the part to be detected; and/or
And inputting the reverse construction model and the theoretical model into a three-dimensional model processing tool, and automatically calculating the surface linear deviation detection data of the part to be detected.
8. A part surface line type deviation detecting device is characterized by comprising:
the three-dimensional scanning data acquisition module is used for carrying out three-dimensional scanning on the part to be detected so as to acquire surface linear three-dimensional scanning data of the part to be detected;
the reverse construction model acquisition module is used for carrying out three-dimensional reverse modeling on the part to be detected according to the three-dimensional scanning data to obtain a reverse construction model of the part to be detected;
and the deviation detection data acquisition module is used for carrying out deviation comparison on the reverse construction model and the theoretical model of the part to be detected to obtain the surface linear deviation detection data of the part to be detected.
9. An electronic device, characterized in that the electronic device comprises:
at least one processor; and
a memory communicatively coupled to the at least one processor; wherein,
the memory stores a computer program executable by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method of detecting linear deviations in the surface of a part as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.
10. A computer storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a processor to perform the method of detecting linear deviations in a surface of a part as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 when executed.
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| CN116630576A (en) * | 2023-07-24 | 2023-08-22 | 四川吉埃智能科技有限公司 | Casting structure reverse modeling method based on point cloud data |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116630576A (en) * | 2023-07-24 | 2023-08-22 | 四川吉埃智能科技有限公司 | Casting structure reverse modeling method based on point cloud data |
| CN116630576B (en) * | 2023-07-24 | 2023-10-03 | 四川吉埃智能科技有限公司 | Casting structure reverse modeling method based on point cloud data |
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