CN115388652A - Crucible assembly for induction furnace and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Crucible assembly for induction furnace and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details specially adapted for crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/10—Crucibles
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/08—Details specially adapted for crucible or pot furnaces
- F27B14/10—Crucibles
- F27B2014/104—Crucible linings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于金属冶炼技术领域,具体涉及感应炉用坩埚组件及其制备方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of metal smelting, and in particular relates to a crucible assembly for an induction furnace and a preparation method thereof.
背景技术Background technique
银及银合金为使用量最大的贵金属材料,主要用于航空航天、电子工业领域中精密仪器电接触材料以及贵金属饰品材料。Silver and silver alloys are the most widely used precious metal materials, mainly used in aerospace and electronic industry as electrical contact materials for precision instruments and precious metal jewelry materials.
当前制备银及银合金铸锭通常采用感应熔炼炉进行真空熔炼,熔炼用坩埚一般选用氧化铝坩埚,氧化铝坩埚和感应线圈之间的填充层的材料一般选用氧化铝粗砂、细砂及氧化铝粉,填充层用于连接氧化铝坩埚和感应线圈,将氧化铝坩埚固定在感应线圈中。选用氧化铝细砂及氧化铝粉的目的是为了填充氧化铝粗砂之间的缝隙,防止在感应熔炼震动过程中只有氧化铝粗砂的填充层产生大的空洞。如果在熔炼过程中氧化铝坩埚开裂,形成较大裂纹,高温的金属液流入填充层,通过空洞与感应线圈接触,连接感应线圈造成短路甚至会破坏感应线圈,与感应线圈中的冷却水接触,形成大量水蒸气,造成爆炉等严重事故。At present, the preparation of silver and silver alloy ingots usually uses an induction melting furnace for vacuum melting. The crucible for melting is generally made of alumina crucible, and the material for the filling layer between the alumina crucible and the induction coil is generally made of alumina coarse sand, fine sand and oxide Aluminum powder, the filling layer is used to connect the alumina crucible and the induction coil, and fix the alumina crucible in the induction coil. The purpose of selecting alumina fine sand and alumina powder is to fill the gap between alumina coarse sand and prevent large voids in the filling layer of alumina coarse sand only during the vibration process of induction melting. If the alumina crucible cracks during the smelting process, large cracks are formed, and the high-temperature molten metal flows into the filling layer, contacts the induction coil through the cavity, and connects the induction coil to cause a short circuit or even destroy the induction coil, contacting the cooling water in the induction coil, A large amount of water vapor is formed, causing serious accidents such as furnace explosion.
在连续感应熔炼银及银合金时,因为多次热胀冷缩及震动会导致坩埚开裂,熔炼5炉以上银及银合金铸锭,坩埚就会形成小裂纹,细小的氧化铝粉会从填充层进入银及银合金液中;当裂纹过多时,在高温熔体的冲击下,会使小的坩埚片从坩埚上脱落,使坩埚遭到严重破坏,产生坩埚“掉瓷”现象,这时填充层中的氧化铝细砂甚至氧化铝粗砂会进入银及银合金液中。当银及银合金液浇铸成铸锭后,氧化铝细砂、粗砂会夹杂在银及银合金铸锭的表层,氧化铝粉会弥散分布于整个银及银合金铸锭基体中。在刨锭去除银及银合金铸锭氧化皮过程中,因为氧化铝细砂、粗砂夹杂在铸锭表层,为了去除氧化铝细砂,会刨去更多的银及银合金,降低了银及银合金光锭成品率;银及银合金轧制成带材或片材成品后,弥散分布在银及银合金基体中的氧化铝粉显露出来,或形成白点状的表面缺陷,或形成白线状的表面缺陷,造成银及银合金带、片材表面质量不合,使产品成品率降低很多。During continuous induction smelting of silver and silver alloys, the crucible will crack due to multiple thermal expansions and contractions and vibrations. If more than 5 furnaces of silver and silver alloy ingots are melted, small cracks will form in the crucible, and fine alumina powder will flow from the filling. layer into the silver and silver alloy liquid; when there are too many cracks, under the impact of high-temperature melt, small crucible pieces will fall off from the crucible, causing serious damage to the crucible, resulting in the phenomenon of "porcelain falling off" in the crucible. The alumina fine sand or even alumina coarse sand in the filling layer will enter the silver and silver alloy liquid. When silver and silver alloy liquid are cast into ingots, alumina fine sand and coarse sand will be mixed on the surface of silver and silver alloy ingots, and alumina powder will be dispersed in the entire silver and silver alloy ingot matrix. In the process of planing the ingot to remove the scale of silver and silver alloy ingots, because alumina fine sand and coarse sand are mixed on the surface of the ingot, in order to remove the alumina fine sand, more silver and silver alloy will be planed, reducing the silver. and silver alloy light ingot yield; after silver and silver alloy are rolled into finished strips or sheets, the alumina powder dispersed in the silver and silver alloy matrix is exposed, or forms white spot-like surface defects, or forms White line-shaped surface defects cause the surface quality of silver and silver alloy strips and sheets to be inconsistent, which greatly reduces the yield of products.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于针对上述现有技术的不足,提供感应炉用坩埚组件及其制备方法。本发明的包含有坩埚、烧结层、填充层、坩埚外衬和封口体的坩埚组件,可实现阻隔熔炼高温原料与感应线圈接触,避免短路或爆炉,可有效避免熔炼过程产物夹杂杂质导致表面白点、白线等缺陷,可有效提高熔炼银或银合金的安全性、成品率和生产效率。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a crucible assembly for an induction furnace and a preparation method thereof for the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. The crucible assembly of the present invention, which includes a crucible, a sintered layer, a filling layer, a crucible outer lining, and a sealing body, can realize the barrier melting high-temperature raw material from contacting the induction coil, avoid short circuit or furnace explosion, and can effectively prevent the inclusion of impurities in the product of the melting process from causing surface damage. Defects such as white spots and white lines can effectively improve the safety, yield and production efficiency of smelting silver or silver alloys.
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案是:一种感应炉用坩埚组件,所述感应炉用于熔炼金属,所述感应炉包括炉体,所述炉体内设置有感应线圈,所述坩埚组件可供设置于所述感应线圈内,其特征在于,所述坩埚组件包括坩埚组件本体和设置于所述坩埚组件本体上部的封口体,所述坩埚组件本体包括可供容纳原料的腔体,所述腔体顶端开口;In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a crucible assembly for an induction furnace, the induction furnace is used for melting metal, the induction furnace includes a furnace body, the furnace body is provided with an induction coil, the The crucible assembly can be arranged in the induction coil, and it is characterized in that the crucible assembly includes a crucible assembly body and a sealing body arranged on the upper part of the crucible assembly body, and the crucible assembly body includes a cavity for accommodating raw materials , the opening at the top of the cavity;
所述坩埚组件本体包括坩埚、烧结层、填充层和坩埚外衬,所述烧结层、填充层和坩埚外衬由内到外依次设置于坩埚外;The crucible assembly body includes a crucible, a sintered layer, a filling layer and a crucible lining, and the sintering layer, filling layer and crucible lining are sequentially arranged outside the crucible from the inside to the outside;
所述烧结层的原料包括氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂和水玻璃,所述氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂和水玻璃的质量比为(4.5~5.5):(2.5~3.5):(1.5~2.5);所述填充层的原料包括氧化铝粗砂和氧化铝细砂,所述氧化铝粗砂的质量为氧化铝细砂质量的2倍~4倍;所述坩埚外衬包括外衬填料层和纤维布层,所述外衬填料层设置于纤维布层内,所述外衬填料层原料包括氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂、氧化铝粉和水玻璃,所述氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂、氧化铝粉和水玻璃的质量比为(1.5~2.5):(0.5~1.5):(0.5~1.5):(0.5~1.5);所述封口体的原料包括金属氧化物砂和水玻璃。The raw material of described sintering layer comprises alumina coarse sand, alumina fine sand and water glass, and the mass ratio of described alumina coarse sand, alumina fine sand and water glass is (4.5~5.5):(2.5~3.5): (1.5~2.5); The raw material of described filling layer comprises alumina coarse sand and alumina fine sand, and the quality of described alumina coarse sand is 2 times~4 times of alumina fine sand quality; Described crucible outer lining comprises The outer lining filler layer and the fiber cloth layer, the outer lining filler layer is arranged in the fiber cloth layer, the raw materials of the outer lining filler layer include alumina coarse sand, alumina fine sand, alumina powder and water glass, the oxide The mass ratio of aluminum coarse sand, alumina fine sand, alumina powder and water glass is (1.5~2.5):(0.5~1.5):(0.5~1.5):(0.5~1.5); the raw materials of the sealing body include Metal oxide sand and water glass.
上述的感应炉用坩埚组件,其特征在于,所述金属包括银、银合金、金、金合金、铂、铂合金、钯或钯合金。The above-mentioned crucible assembly for induction furnace is characterized in that the metal includes silver, silver alloy, gold, gold alloy, platinum, platinum alloy, palladium or palladium alloy.
上述的感应炉用坩埚组件,其特征在于,所述坩埚为氧化铝坩埚、氧化锆坩埚或石英坩埚。The above-mentioned crucible assembly for an induction furnace is characterized in that the crucible is an alumina crucible, a zirconia crucible or a quartz crucible.
上述的感应炉用坩埚组件,其特征在于,所述氧化铝粗砂粒径均为0.3mm~0.6mm;所述氧化铝细砂粒径均为0.1mm~0.3mm;所述氧化铝粉的粒径为0.01mm~0.03mm;所述纤维布层的材质为石棉布和/或玻璃丝布。The above-mentioned crucible assembly for an induction furnace is characterized in that the particle size of the alumina coarse sand is 0.3 mm to 0.6 mm; the particle size of the alumina fine sand is 0.1 mm to 0.3 mm; the alumina powder is The particle size is 0.01mm-0.03mm; the material of the fiber cloth layer is asbestos cloth and/or glass silk cloth.
上述的感应炉用坩埚组件,其特征在于,所述坩埚组件还包括玻璃丝布层,所述玻璃丝布层设置于烧结层和填充层之间;所述玻璃丝布层为玻璃丝布沿烧结层外周缠绕形成的玻璃丝布层,缠绕层数为3层~5层。The above-mentioned crucible assembly for an induction furnace is characterized in that the crucible assembly also includes a glass cloth layer, the glass cloth layer is arranged between the sintered layer and the filling layer; the glass cloth layer is a glass cloth wound along the outer periphery of the sintered layer The formed glass silk cloth layer has 3-5 layers of winding layers.
上述的感应炉用坩埚组件,其特征在于,所述烧结层的厚度为5mm~20mm;所述外衬填料层的厚度为30mm~50mm。The above-mentioned crucible assembly for an induction furnace is characterized in that the thickness of the sintered layer is 5 mm to 20 mm; the thickness of the outer lining filler layer is 30 mm to 50 mm.
此外,本发明还提供一种制备上述感应炉用坩埚组件的方法,其特征在于,包括:In addition, the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned crucible assembly for an induction furnace, which is characterized in that it comprises:
步骤一、提供设置有烧结层的坩埚;
步骤二、提供坩埚外衬;Step 2, providing the outer lining of the crucible;
步骤三、组装所述设置有烧结层的坩埚和坩埚外衬,设置填充层,得到坩埚组件本体;
步骤四、封口,得到坩埚组件。Step 4, sealing to obtain the crucible assembly.
上述的方法,其特征在于,步骤一中提供设置有烧结层的坩埚,具体包括:The above-mentioned method is characterized in that a crucible provided with a sintered layer is provided in
步骤101、将氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂及水玻璃混合,搅拌,得到烧结层原料料浆;Step 101, mixing and stirring alumina coarse sand, alumina fine sand and water glass to obtain a raw material slurry for the sintering layer;
步骤102、将步骤101所述烧结层原料料浆均匀涂抹在坩埚上,至预设厚度,裹牛皮纸,阴干12h~24h,去除牛皮纸,得到涂覆有烧结层原料的坩埚;Step 102: Apply the sintered layer raw material slurry described in step 101 evenly on the crucible to a preset thickness, wrap it in kraft paper, dry in the shade for 12h-24h, remove the kraft paper, and obtain a crucible coated with the sintered layer raw material;
步骤103、将步骤102所述涂覆有烧结层原料的坩埚放入箱式电阻炉中,在200℃~400℃烘烤2h~4h,然后在600℃~900℃烧结3h~6h,随炉冷却,得到设置有烧结层的坩埚。Step 103: Put the crucible coated with the sintered layer raw material described in step 102 into a box-type resistance furnace, bake at 200°C-400°C for 2h-4h, then sinter at 600°C-900°C for 3h-6h, Cooling gives a crucible provided with a sintered layer.
上述的方法,其特征在于,步骤二中提供坩埚外衬具体包括:The above-mentioned method is characterized in that providing the outer lining of the crucible in step 2 specifically includes:
步骤201、将氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂、氧化铝粉及水玻璃混合,搅拌,得到外衬填料层原料;Step 201, mixing and stirring alumina coarse sand, alumina fine sand, alumina powder and water glass to obtain the raw material for the outer lining filler layer;
步骤202、将第一纤维布呈筒状置于感应线圈内,使所述第一纤维布紧贴于感应线圈内壁,得到布设有纤维布的感应线圈;Step 202, placing the first fiber cloth in the induction coil in a cylindrical shape, so that the first fiber cloth is closely attached to the inner wall of the induction coil to obtain an induction coil with fiber cloth;
步骤203、将第二纤维布放置于耐火砖上,取步骤201所述外衬填料层原料均匀铺设于第二纤维布上,压实,使外衬填料层原料铺满第二纤维布,得到铺设有外衬填料层原料的第二纤维布;所述第二纤维布和第一纤维布为石棉布或玻璃丝布;压实后的外衬填料层原料厚度为30mm~50mm;Step 203, placing the second fiber cloth on the refractory bricks, taking the raw material of the outer lining filler layer described in step 201 and laying it evenly on the second fiber cloth, compacting it so that the raw material of the outer lining filler layer is covered with the second fiber cloth, and obtaining Laying the second fiber cloth of the raw material of the packing layer of the outer lining; the second fiber cloth and the first fiber cloth are asbestos cloth or glass cloth; the thickness of the raw material of the packing layer of the outer lining after compaction is 30 mm to 50 mm;
步骤204、将步骤202所述布设有纤维布的感应线圈竖直放置于所述铺设有外衬填料层原料的第二纤维布的中心处,将塑料管放置于布设有纤维布的感应线圈中,使所述塑料管位于布设有纤维布的感应线圈的中心处,所述塑料管与设有纤维布的感应线圈之间形成环状腔体,将步骤201所述外衬填料层原料填充至所述环状腔体中,压实,去除塑料管,得到坩埚外衬胚体;Step 204, placing the induction coil with the fiber cloth laid out in step 202 vertically at the center of the second fiber cloth with the raw material for the outer lining filler layer, and placing the plastic tube in the induction coil with the fiber cloth , the plastic tube is positioned at the center of the induction coil provided with fiber cloth, an annular cavity is formed between the plastic tube and the induction coil provided with fiber cloth, and the raw material of the outer lining packing layer described in step 201 is filled to In the annular cavity, compacting and removing the plastic tube to obtain the crucible outer lining embryo body;
步骤205、将步骤204所述坩埚外衬胚体静置至固化,得到固化后坩埚外衬胚体;Step 205, standing the crucible outer lining embryo body described in step 204 until solidified to obtain the crucible outer lining embryo body after solidification;
步骤206、将镍棒竖直放置于步骤205所述固化后坩埚外衬胚体内,将放置有镍棒的固化后坩埚外衬胚体置于感应炉中,启动感应炉,烘烤4h~6h,得到坩埚外衬。Step 206, place the nickel rod vertically in the body of the cured crucible outer lining as described in step 205, place the cured crucible outer lining body with the nickel rod in the induction furnace, start the induction furnace, and bake for 4h to 6h , to get the outer lining of the crucible.
上述的方法,其特征在于,步骤三中组装设置有烧结层的坩埚和坩埚外衬,设置填充层,得到坩埚组件本体具体包括:The above method is characterized in that in
步骤301、将步骤一所述设置有烧结层的坩埚置于步骤二所述坩埚外衬中心处,所述设置有烧结层的坩埚与坩埚外衬之间形成腔室,在所述腔室内装入填充层原料,压实,得到坩埚组件本体;Step 301, placing the crucible with the sintered layer in
步骤四中封口,得到坩埚组件具体包括:Sealing in step 4 to obtain the crucible assembly specifically includes:
步骤401、将金属氧化物砂和水玻璃混合,得到封口体用粘性混合物;Step 401, mixing metal oxide sand and water glass to obtain a viscous mixture for sealing body;
步骤402、将步骤401所述封口体用粘性混合物铺设于所述坩埚组件本体的上部,形成封口涂覆层;所述封口涂覆层超出坩埚组件本体部分的高度为10mm~20mm;Step 402, laying the viscous mixture for the sealing body described in step 401 on the upper part of the crucible assembly body to form a sealing coating layer; the height of the sealing coating layer beyond the crucible assembly body is 10 mm to 20 mm;
步骤403、将镍棒竖直放置于步骤402形成封口涂覆层后的组件本体内,将放置有镍棒的组件本体置于感应炉中,启动感应炉,烘烤4h~6h,移除镍棒,得到感应炉用坩埚组件。Step 403, place the nickel rod vertically in the component body after forming the sealing coating layer in step 402, place the component body with the nickel rod placed in the induction furnace, start the induction furnace, bake for 4h-6h, and remove the nickel Rods were used to obtain crucible assemblies for induction furnaces.
本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点:Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:
1、本发明的感应炉用坩埚组件,包含有坩埚、烧结层、填充层、坩埚外衬和封口体的坩埚组件,可实现阻隔熔炼高温原料与感应线圈接触,避免短路或爆炉,可有效避免熔炼过程产物夹杂杂质导致表面白点、白线等缺陷,可有效提高熔炼银或银合金的安全性、成品率和生产效率。1. The crucible assembly for an induction furnace of the present invention includes a crucible assembly including a crucible, a sintered layer, a filling layer, an outer lining of the crucible, and a sealing body, which can prevent the high-temperature smelting raw material from contacting the induction coil, avoid short circuit or furnace explosion, and can effectively Avoiding defects such as white spots and white lines on the surface caused by impurities in the products during the smelting process can effectively improve the safety, yield and production efficiency of smelting silver or silver alloys.
2、本发明的感应炉用坩埚组件包括可拆卸设置于填充层外部的坩埚外衬,使用寿命长,可永久使用,方便在敲掉封口体后实现坩埚外衬和填充层的轻易分离,从而进行内部设置有烧结层的坩埚的更换,有利于降低成本。2. The crucible assembly for an induction furnace of the present invention includes a crucible outer lining that is detachably arranged outside the filling layer, has a long service life and can be used permanently, and is convenient for easy separation of the crucible outer lining and the filling layer after knocking off the sealing body, thereby The replacement of the crucible with the sintered layer inside is beneficial to reduce the cost.
3、本发明的感应炉用坩埚组件包括设置于坩埚外的烧结层,烧结层的原料包括氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂和水玻璃,可有效避免坩埚裂纹扩展,避免掉瓷,实现对坩埚的有效保护。3. The crucible assembly for an induction furnace of the present invention includes a sintering layer arranged outside the crucible, and the raw materials of the sintering layer include coarse alumina sand, fine alumina sand and water glass, which can effectively prevent the crucible from cracking, avoiding porcelain loss, and achieving Effective protection for the crucible.
4、优选的,本发明的感应炉用坩埚组件还包括设置于烧结层和填充层之间的玻璃丝布层,可进一步阻隔填充层中的砂体进入熔炼高温原料液中。4. Preferably, the crucible assembly for an induction furnace of the present invention further includes a glass cloth layer arranged between the sintered layer and the filling layer, which can further block the sand body in the filling layer from entering the high-temperature smelting raw material liquid.
5、本发明的感应炉用坩埚组件包括由氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂和水玻璃组成的烧结层原料,以及由氧化铝粗砂和氧化铝细砂组成的填充层原料,在形成有效烧结保护和填充保护的基础上,进一步避免已有技术中的氧化铝粉在熔炼过程中进入熔炼高温原料液。5. The crucible assembly for an induction furnace of the present invention includes a sintered layer raw material composed of alumina coarse sand, alumina fine sand and water glass, and a filling layer raw material composed of alumina coarse sand and alumina fine sand, which is effective in forming On the basis of sintering protection and filling protection, the aluminum oxide powder in the prior art is further prevented from entering the smelting high-temperature raw material liquid during the smelting process.
下面结合附图和实施例,对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。The technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
说明书附图Instructions attached
图1为实施例1的感应炉用坩埚组件的结构示意图。FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a crucible assembly for an induction furnace in Example 1.
图2试验前得到的银合金带的50μm标尺SEM照片。Figure 2 is the 50 μm scale SEM photo of the silver alloy ribbon obtained before the test.
图3为试验前得到的银合金带的10μm标尺SEM照片。Figure 3 is a 10 μm scale SEM photo of the silver alloy strip obtained before the test.
图4为试验前得到的银合金带的EDS照片。Figure 4 is the EDS photo of the silver alloy strips obtained before the test.
图5为对应图4的能谱分析图。FIG. 5 is an energy spectrum analysis diagram corresponding to FIG. 4 .
图6为试验后得到的银合金带的SEM照片。Fig. 6 is a SEM photo of the silver alloy ribbon obtained after the test.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
实施例1Example 1
本实施例提供一种感应炉用坩埚组件,如图1所示,所述感应炉用于熔炼金属,所述金属包括银、银合金、金、金合金、铂、铂合金、钯或钯合金,所述感应炉包括炉体,所述炉体内设置有感应线圈,所述坩埚组件可供设置于所述感应线圈内,所述坩埚组件包括坩埚组件本体和设置于所述坩埚组件本体上部的封口体6,所述坩埚组件本体包括可供容纳原料的腔体,所述腔体顶端开口;所述坩埚组件本体包括合围形成所述腔体的壁面体,所述封口体6设置于所述壁面体上;This embodiment provides a crucible assembly for an induction furnace. As shown in FIG. 1, the induction furnace is used for melting metals, and the metals include silver, silver alloys, gold, gold alloys, platinum, platinum alloys, palladium or palladium alloys , the induction furnace includes a furnace body, an induction coil is arranged in the furnace body, and the crucible assembly can be arranged in the induction coil, and the crucible assembly includes a crucible assembly body and an upper part of the crucible assembly
所述坩埚组件本体包括坩埚1、烧结层2、填充层4和坩埚外衬5,所述坩埚1内形成所述腔体,所述烧结层2、填充层4和坩埚外衬5由内到外依次设置于坩埚1外;The crucible assembly body includes a
所述坩埚1为氧化铝坩埚、氧化锆坩埚或石英坩埚;The
所述烧结层2的原料包括氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂和水玻璃,所述氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂和水玻璃的质量比为(4.5~5.5):(2.5~3.5):(1.5~2.5),比如可以为4.5:2.5:1.5、5.5:3.5:2.5或5:3:2,本实施例中所述氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂和水玻璃的质量比为5:3:2;所述氧化铝粗砂粒径为0.3mm~0.6mm,氧化铝细砂粒径为0.1mm~0.3mm;The raw materials of the sintered layer 2 include coarse alumina sand, fine alumina sand and water glass, and the mass ratio of the coarse alumina sand, fine alumina sand and water glass is (4.5~5.5):(2.5~3.5) : (1.5~2.5), such as can be 4.5:2.5:1.5, 5.5:3.5:2.5 or 5:3:2, the mass ratio of alumina coarse sand, alumina fine sand and water glass described in the present embodiment is 5:3:2; the particle size of the alumina coarse sand is 0.3mm-0.6mm, and the particle size of the alumina fine sand is 0.1mm-0.3mm;
所述填充层4的原料包括氧化铝粗砂和氧化铝细砂,所述氧化铝粗砂的质量为氧化铝细砂质量的2~4倍,比如可以为2倍、3倍或4倍,本实施例中所述氧化铝粗砂的质量为氧化铝细砂质量的3倍;The raw material of the filling layer 4 includes alumina coarse sand and alumina fine sand, and the quality of the alumina fine sand is 2 to 4 times that of the alumina fine sand, for example, it can be 2 times, 3 times or 4 times, The quality of alumina coarse sand described in the present embodiment is 3 times of alumina fine sand quality;
所述坩埚外衬5包括外衬填料层和纤维布层,所述外衬填料层设置于纤维布层内,所述外衬填料层原料包括氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂、氧化铝粉和水玻璃,所述氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂、氧化铝粉和水玻璃的质量比为(1.5~2.5):(0.5~1.5):(0.5~1.5):(0.5~1.5),比如可以为1.5:1.5:0.5:0.5、2.5:0.5:1.5:1.5或2:1:1:1,本实施例中所述氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂、氧化铝粉和水玻璃的质量比2:1:1:1;所述氧化铝粉的粒径为0.01mm~0.03mm;所述纤维布层的材质为石棉布和/或玻璃丝布;The crucible outer lining 5 includes an outer lining filler layer and a fiber cloth layer, the outer lining filler layer is arranged in the fiber cloth layer, and the raw materials of the outer lining filler layer include alumina coarse sand, alumina fine sand, alumina powder And water glass, the mass ratio of described aluminum oxide coarse sand, aluminum oxide fine sand, aluminum oxide powder and water glass is (1.5~2.5): (0.5~1.5):(0.5~1.5):(0.5~1.5), Such as can be 1.5: 1.5: 0.5: 0.5, 2.5: 0.5: 1.5: 1.5 or 2: 1: 1: 1, the alumina coarse sand, alumina fine sand, alumina powder and water glass described in this embodiment The mass ratio is 2:1:1:1; the particle size of the alumina powder is 0.01 mm to 0.03 mm; the fiber cloth layer is made of asbestos cloth and/or glass silk cloth;
所述封口体6的原料包括金属氧化物砂和水玻璃,所述金属氧化物砂的质量为水玻璃质量的3倍~4倍,所述金属氧化物砂为氧化镁砂或氧化铝砂;所述氧化镁砂和氧化铝砂的粒径均为0.01~0.3mm;The raw materials of the sealing
所述坩埚1包括筒部和设置于筒部下部的底部,所述筒部和底部合围形成所述腔体;所述坩埚筒部形状优选为直筒形;The
本实施例的所述感应炉用坩埚组件,还包括玻璃丝布层3,所述玻璃丝布层3设置于烧结层2和填充层4之间;所述玻璃丝布层3为玻璃丝布沿烧结层2外周缠绕形成的玻璃丝布层3,缠绕层数为3层~5层;所述玻璃丝布的耐温可达550~1200℃,所述玻璃丝布购买自采缇或蓝丽雅;The crucible assembly for the induction furnace of this embodiment also includes a
本实施例的所述感应炉用坩埚组件,所述烧结层2的厚度为5mm~20mm;所述外衬填料层的厚度为30mm~50mm;In the crucible assembly for an induction furnace in this embodiment, the thickness of the sintered layer 2 is 5 mm to 20 mm; the thickness of the outer lining filler layer is 30 mm to 50 mm;
所述填充层4由立壁填充部和底部填充部组成,所述立壁填充部对应坩埚1筒部,所述立壁填充部的厚度为坩埚1壁厚的2倍~3倍,所述底部填充部的厚度为坩埚1壁厚的1.5倍~2.5倍。The filling layer 4 is composed of a vertical wall filling part and a bottom filling part, the vertical wall filling part corresponds to the cylinder part of the
实施例2Example 2
本实施例提供一种制备实施例1所述感应炉用坩埚组件的方法,包括:This embodiment provides a method for preparing the crucible assembly for the induction furnace described in
步骤一、提供设置有烧结层的坩埚,具体包括:
步骤101、将氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂及水玻璃按照质量比为5:3:2进行混合,搅拌,得到烧结层原料料浆;所述搅拌为搅拌至体系挂于氧化铝搅拌棒上不掉落;Step 101, mix the alumina coarse sand, alumina fine sand and water glass according to the mass ratio of 5:3:2, and stir to obtain the sintered layer raw material slurry; the stirring is to stir until the system is hung on the alumina stirring rod does not fall;
步骤102、将步骤101所述烧结层原料料浆均匀涂抹在坩埚1上,至预设厚度,在涂抹于坩埚1上的烧结层原料料浆外部裹牛皮纸进行固定,阴干15h,去除所述牛皮纸,得到涂覆有烧结层原料的坩埚;所述预设厚度为10mm;Step 102: Apply the sintering layer raw material slurry described in step 101 evenly on the
步骤103、将步骤102所述涂覆有烧结层原料的坩埚放入箱式电阻炉中,随炉升温,先在300℃烘烤3h,再在800℃烧结4h,随炉冷却,得到设置有烧结层的坩埚;Step 103: Put the crucible coated with the sintered layer raw material described in step 102 into a box-type resistance furnace, bake at 300°C for 3 hours, then sinter at 800°C for 4 hours, and cool with the furnace to obtain Crucible for sintered layer;
步骤二、提供坩埚外衬5,具体包括:Step 2, providing the crucible outer lining 5, specifically including:
步骤201、将氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂、氧化铝粉及水玻璃按照质量比2:1:1:1混合,搅拌,得到外衬填料层原料;所述搅拌为搅拌至体系挂于氧化铝搅拌棒上不掉落;Step 201, mix alumina coarse sand, alumina fine sand, alumina powder and water glass according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1:1, and stir to obtain the raw material of the outer lining packing layer; the stirring is to stir until the system hangs on Does not fall off on the alumina stirring rod;
步骤202、将第一纤维布呈筒状置于感应线圈内,使所述第一纤维布紧贴于感应线圈内壁,得到布设有纤维布的感应线圈;所述第一纤维布形状为长方形,所述第一纤维布的长度为感应线圈内周长的1.5倍,所述第一纤维布的宽度为感应线圈高度+100mm;Step 202, placing the first fiber cloth in the induction coil in a cylindrical shape, so that the first fiber cloth is closely attached to the inner wall of the induction coil to obtain an induction coil equipped with fiber cloth; the shape of the first fiber cloth is a rectangle, The length of the first fiber cloth is 1.5 times the inner perimeter of the induction coil, and the width of the first fiber cloth is the height of the induction coil+100mm;
步骤203、将第二纤维布放置于耐火砖上,取部分步骤201所述外衬填料层原料均匀铺设于第二纤维布上,压实,使外衬填料层原料铺满第二纤维布,得到铺设有外衬填料层原料的第二纤维布;所述第二纤维布的直径为感应线圈直径的1.2倍;所述第二纤维布和第一纤维布均为石棉布;压实后的外衬填料层原料厚度为40mm;Step 203, place the second fiber cloth on the refractory brick, take part of the raw material of the outer lining packing layer described in step 201, evenly lay it on the second fiber cloth, and compact it, so that the raw material of the outer lining packing layer is covered with the second fiber cloth, Obtain the second fiber cloth that is laid with the raw material of the outer lining packing layer; The diameter of the second fiber cloth is 1.2 times of the induction coil diameter; The second fiber cloth and the first fiber cloth are both asbestos cloth; The raw material thickness of the outer lining packing layer is 40mm;
步骤204、将步骤202所述布设有纤维布的感应线圈竖直放置于所述铺设有外衬填料层原料的第二纤维布的中心处,将塑料管放置于布设有纤维布的感应线圈中,使所述塑料管位于布设有纤维布的感应线圈的中心处,所述塑料管与设有纤维布的感应线圈之间形成环状腔体,将部分步骤201所述外衬填料层原料填充至所述环状腔体中,压实,去除塑料管,得到坩埚外衬胚体;所述塑料管的直径—坩埚直径≥60mm;Step 204, placing the induction coil with the fiber cloth laid out in step 202 vertically at the center of the second fiber cloth with the raw material for the outer lining filler layer, and placing the plastic tube in the induction coil with the fiber cloth , so that the plastic tube is located at the center of the induction coil equipped with fiber cloth, an annular cavity is formed between the plastic tube and the induction coil provided with fiber cloth, and part of the raw material of the outer lining filler layer described in step 201 is filled Into the annular cavity, compacting, removing the plastic tube to obtain the crucible outer lining body; the diameter of the plastic tube—the diameter of the crucible ≥ 60mm;
步骤205、将步骤204所述坩埚外衬胚体静置36h,至固化,得到固化后坩埚外衬胚体;Step 205, standing the crucible outer lining body described in step 204 for 36 hours until solidified to obtain the solidified crucible outer lining body;
步骤206、将镍棒竖直放置于步骤205所述固化后坩埚外衬胚体内的中心处,将放置有镍棒的固化后坩埚外衬胚体置于感应炉中,启动感应炉,烘烤5h,得到坩埚外衬5;以除去水气;炉温为1000℃;Step 206, place the nickel rod vertically in the center of the solidified crucible outer lining body described in step 205, place the cured crucible outer lining body with the nickel rod placed in the induction furnace, start the induction furnace, and bake 5h, the outer lining 5 of the crucible was obtained; to remove moisture; the furnace temperature was 1000°C;
步骤三、组装设置有烧结层的坩埚和坩埚外衬5,设置填充层,得到坩埚组件本体;具体包括:
步骤301、将步骤103所述设置有烧结层的坩埚置于步骤206所述坩埚外衬中心处,所述设置有烧结层的坩埚与坩埚外衬之间形成腔室,在所述腔室内装入填充层原料,压实,得到坩埚组件本体;所述填充层原料为氧化铝粗砂和氧化铝细砂的混合物,所述氧化铝粗砂的质量为氧化铝细砂质量的3倍;所述烧结层顶部和坩埚外衬顶部与坩埚开口处平齐,所述填充层4距离坩埚开口处的距离为25mm;Step 301, placing the crucible provided with the sintered layer in step 103 at the center of the crucible outer lining described in step 206, a chamber is formed between the crucible provided with the sintered layer and the outer lining of the crucible, and the Put the filling layer raw material and compact it to obtain the crucible assembly body; the filling layer raw material is a mixture of alumina coarse sand and alumina fine sand, and the quality of the alumina coarse sand is 3 times the quality of the alumina fine sand; The top of the sintered layer and the top of the crucible lining are flush with the opening of the crucible, and the distance between the filling layer 4 and the opening of the crucible is 25 mm;
步骤四、封口,得到坩埚组件,具体包括:Step 4, sealing to obtain the crucible assembly, specifically including:
步骤401、将金属氧化物砂和水玻璃按照质量比为3:1进行混合,得到封口体用粘性混合物;Step 401, mixing metal oxide sand and water glass at a mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain a viscous mixture for a sealing body;
步骤402、将步骤401所述封口体用粘性混合物铺设于步骤301所述坩埚组件本体的上部,形成封口涂覆层;所述封口涂覆层超出坩埚组件本体部分的高度为15mm,所述封口涂覆层充满填充层4与坩埚开口处之间的空间;本实施例的感应炉用坩埚组件可经45次~50次熔炼,需要进行更换时通过取出封口体,实现坩埚外衬与填充层的分离;Step 402, laying the viscous mixture for the sealing body described in step 401 on the upper part of the crucible assembly body described in step 301 to form a sealing coating layer; the height of the sealing coating layer beyond the crucible assembly body part is 15 mm, and the sealing The coating layer fills the space between the filling layer 4 and the opening of the crucible; the crucible assembly for the induction furnace in this embodiment can be smelted 45 to 50 times, and when it needs to be replaced, the outer lining of the crucible and the filling layer can be realized by taking out the sealing body. separation of
步骤403、将镍棒竖直放置于步骤402形成封口涂覆层后的组件本体内且位于中心处,将放置有镍棒的组件本体置于感应炉中,启动感应炉,烘烤5h,移除镍棒,得到感应炉用坩埚组件;以除去水气;炉温为1000℃。Step 403, place the nickel rod vertically in the center of the component body after the sealing coating layer is formed in step 402, place the component body with the nickel rod in the induction furnace, start the induction furnace, bake for 5 hours, remove Nickel rods are removed to obtain a crucible assembly for an induction furnace; to remove moisture; the furnace temperature is 1000°C.
实施例3Example 3
本实施例与实施例2相同,其中不同之处在于,步骤三还包括,将玻璃丝布缠绕至所述设置有烧结层的坩埚上,缠绕层数为3~5层;通过尾部打结使缠绕后的玻璃丝布不松散开。This embodiment is the same as Embodiment 2, except that
实施例4Example 4
本实施例提供一种制备实施例1所述感应炉用坩埚组件的方法,包括:This embodiment provides a method for preparing the crucible assembly for the induction furnace described in
步骤一、提供设置有烧结层的坩埚,具体包括:
步骤101、将氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂及水玻璃按照质量比为5:3:2进行混合,搅拌,得到烧结层原料料浆;所述搅拌为搅拌至体系挂于氧化铝搅拌棒上不掉落;Step 101, mix the alumina coarse sand, alumina fine sand and water glass according to the mass ratio of 5:3:2, and stir to obtain the sintered layer raw material slurry; the stirring is to stir until the system is hung on the alumina stirring rod does not fall;
步骤102、将步骤101所述烧结层原料料浆均匀涂抹在坩埚1上,至预设厚度,在涂抹于坩埚1上的烧结层原料料浆外部裹牛皮纸进行固定,阴干12h,去除所述牛皮纸,得到涂覆有烧结层原料的坩埚;所述预设厚度为5mm;Step 102: Apply the sintering layer raw material slurry described in step 101 evenly on the
步骤103、将步骤102所述涂覆有烧结层原料的坩埚放入箱式电阻炉中,随炉升温,先在200℃烘烤4h,再在600℃烧结6h,随炉冷却,得到设置有烧结层的坩埚;Step 103: Put the crucible coated with the sintered layer raw material described in step 102 into a box-type resistance furnace, bake at 200°C for 4 hours, then sinter at 600°C for 6 hours, and cool with the furnace to obtain a Crucible for sintered layer;
步骤二、提供坩埚外衬5,具体包括:Step 2, providing the crucible outer lining 5, specifically including:
步骤201、将氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂、氧化铝粉及水玻璃按照质量比2:1:1:1混合,搅拌,得到外衬填料层原料;所述搅拌为搅拌至体系挂于氧化铝搅拌棒上不掉落;Step 201, mix alumina coarse sand, alumina fine sand, alumina powder and water glass according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1:1, and stir to obtain the raw material of the outer lining packing layer; the stirring is to stir until the system hangs on Does not fall off on the aluminum oxide stirring rod;
步骤202、将第一纤维布呈筒状置于感应线圈内,使所述第一纤维布紧贴于感应线圈内壁,得到布设有纤维布的感应线圈;所述第一纤维布形状为长方形,所述第一纤维布的长度为感应线圈内周长的1.5倍,所述第一纤维布的宽度为感应线圈高度+100mm;Step 202, placing the first fiber cloth in the induction coil in a cylindrical shape, so that the first fiber cloth is closely attached to the inner wall of the induction coil to obtain an induction coil equipped with fiber cloth; the shape of the first fiber cloth is a rectangle, The length of the first fiber cloth is 1.5 times the inner perimeter of the induction coil, and the width of the first fiber cloth is the height of the induction coil+100mm;
步骤203、将第二纤维布放置于耐火砖上,取部分步骤201所述外衬填料层原料均匀铺设于第二纤维布上,压实,使外衬填料层原料铺满第二纤维布,得到铺设有外衬填料层原料的第二纤维布;所述第二纤维布的直径为感应线圈直径的1.2倍;所述第二纤维布为石棉布,所述第二纤维布为玻璃丝布;压实后的外衬填料层原料厚度为30mm;Step 203, place the second fiber cloth on the refractory brick, take part of the raw material of the outer lining packing layer described in step 201, evenly lay it on the second fiber cloth, and compact it, so that the raw material of the outer lining packing layer is covered with the second fiber cloth, Obtain the second fiber cloth that is laid with the raw material of the outer lining filler layer; the diameter of the second fiber cloth is 1.2 times the diameter of the induction coil; the second fiber cloth is asbestos cloth, and the second fiber cloth is glass silk cloth; The thickness of the raw material of the outer lining packing layer after compaction is 30mm;
步骤204、将步骤202所述布设有纤维布的感应线圈竖直放置于所述铺设有外衬填料层原料的第二纤维布的中心处,将塑料管放置于布设有纤维布的感应线圈中,使所述塑料管位于布设有纤维布的感应线圈的中心处,所述塑料管与设有纤维布的感应线圈之间形成环状腔体,将部分步骤201所述外衬填料层原料填充至所述环状腔体中,压实,去除塑料管,得到坩埚外衬胚体;所述塑料管的直径—坩埚直径≥60mm;Step 204, placing the induction coil with the fiber cloth laid out in step 202 vertically at the center of the second fiber cloth with the raw material for the outer lining filler layer, and placing the plastic tube in the induction coil with the fiber cloth , so that the plastic tube is located at the center of the induction coil equipped with fiber cloth, an annular cavity is formed between the plastic tube and the induction coil provided with fiber cloth, and part of the raw material of the outer lining filler layer described in step 201 is filled Into the annular cavity, compacting, removing the plastic tube to obtain the crucible outer lining body; the diameter of the plastic tube—the diameter of the crucible ≥ 60mm;
步骤205、将步骤204所述坩埚外衬胚体静置24h,至固化,得到固化后坩埚外衬胚体;Step 205, standing still the crucible outer lining embryo body described in step 204 for 24 hours until solidified to obtain the solidified crucible outer lining embryo body;
步骤206、将镍棒竖直放置于步骤205所述固化后坩埚外衬胚体内的中心处,将放置有镍棒的固化后坩埚外衬胚体置于感应炉中,启动感应炉,烘烤4h,得到坩埚外衬5;以除去水气;炉温为800℃;Step 206, place the nickel rod vertically in the center of the solidified crucible outer lining body described in step 205, place the cured crucible outer lining body with the nickel rod placed in the induction furnace, start the induction furnace, and bake 4h, the outer lining 5 of the crucible was obtained; to remove moisture; the furnace temperature was 800°C;
步骤三、组装设置有烧结层的坩埚和坩埚外衬5,设置填充层,得到坩埚组件本体;具体包括:
步骤301、将步骤103所述设置有烧结层的坩埚置于步骤206所述坩埚外衬中心处,所述设置有烧结层的坩埚与坩埚外衬之间形成腔室,在所述腔室内装入填充层原料,压实,得到坩埚组件本体;所述填充层原料为氧化铝粗砂和氧化铝细砂的混合物,所述氧化铝粗砂的质量为氧化铝细砂质量的3倍;所述烧结层顶部和坩埚外衬顶部与坩埚开口处平齐,所述填充层4距离坩埚开口处的距离为20mm;Step 301, placing the crucible provided with the sintered layer in step 103 at the center of the crucible outer lining described in step 206, a chamber is formed between the crucible provided with the sintered layer and the outer lining of the crucible, and the Put the filling layer raw material and compact it to obtain the crucible assembly body; the filling layer raw material is a mixture of alumina coarse sand and alumina fine sand, and the quality of the alumina coarse sand is 3 times the quality of the alumina fine sand; The top of the sintered layer and the top of the crucible lining are flush with the opening of the crucible, and the distance between the filling layer 4 and the opening of the crucible is 20mm;
步骤四、封口,得到坩埚组件,具体包括:Step 4, sealing to obtain the crucible assembly, specifically including:
步骤401、将金属氧化物砂和水玻璃按照质量比为3:1进行混合,得到封口体用粘性混合物;Step 401, mixing metal oxide sand and water glass at a mass ratio of 3:1 to obtain a viscous mixture for a sealing body;
步骤402、将步骤401所述封口体用粘性混合物铺设于步骤301所述坩埚组件本体的上部,形成封口涂覆层;所述封口涂覆层超出坩埚组件本体部分的高度为10mm,所述封口涂覆层充满填充层4与坩埚开口处之间的空间;Step 402, laying the viscous mixture for the sealing body described in step 401 on the upper part of the crucible assembly body described in step 301 to form a sealing coating layer; the height of the sealing coating layer beyond the crucible assembly body part is 10 mm, and the sealing The coating layer fills the space between the filling layer 4 and the opening of the crucible;
步骤403、将镍棒竖直放置于步骤402形成封口涂覆层后的组件本体内且位于中心处,将放置有镍棒的组件本体置于感应炉中,启动感应炉,烘烤4h,移除镍棒,得到感应炉用坩埚组件;以除去水气;炉温为800℃。Step 403, place the nickel rod vertically in the center of the component body after forming the sealing coating layer in step 402, place the component body with the nickel rod in the induction furnace, start the induction furnace, bake for 4 hours, remove Nickel rods are removed to obtain a crucible assembly for an induction furnace; to remove moisture; the furnace temperature is 800°C.
本实施例得到的感应炉用坩埚组件性能与实施例2基本一致。The performance of the crucible assembly for induction furnace obtained in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 2.
实施例5Example 5
本实施例提供一种制备实施例1所述感应炉用坩埚组件的方法,包括:This embodiment provides a method for preparing the crucible assembly for the induction furnace described in
步骤一、提供设置有烧结层的坩埚,具体包括:
步骤101、将氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂及水玻璃按照质量比为5:3:2进行混合,搅拌,得到烧结层原料料浆;所述搅拌为搅拌至体系挂于氧化铝搅拌棒上不掉落;Step 101, mix the alumina coarse sand, alumina fine sand and water glass according to the mass ratio of 5:3:2, and stir to obtain the sintered layer raw material slurry; the stirring is to stir until the system is hung on the alumina stirring rod does not fall;
步骤102、将步骤101所述烧结层原料料浆均匀涂抹在坩埚1上,至预设厚度,在涂抹于坩埚1上的烧结层原料料浆外部裹牛皮纸进行固定,阴干24h,去除所述牛皮纸,得到涂覆有烧结层原料的坩埚;所述预设厚度为20mm;Step 102: Spread the sintering layer raw material slurry described in step 101 evenly on the
步骤103、将步骤102所述涂覆有烧结层原料的坩埚放入箱式电阻炉中,随炉升温,先在400℃烘烤2h,再在900℃烧结3h,随炉冷却,得到设置有烧结层的坩埚;Step 103: Put the crucible coated with the sintered layer raw material described in step 102 into a box-type resistance furnace, bake at 400°C for 2 hours, then sinter at 900°C for 3 hours, and cool with the furnace to obtain a Crucible for sintered layer;
步骤二、提供坩埚外衬5,具体包括:Step 2, providing the crucible outer lining 5, specifically including:
步骤201、将氧化铝粗砂、氧化铝细砂、氧化铝粉及水玻璃按照质量比2:1:1:1混合,搅拌,得到外衬填料层原料;所述搅拌为搅拌至体系挂于氧化铝搅拌棒上不掉落;Step 201, mix alumina coarse sand, alumina fine sand, alumina powder and water glass according to the mass ratio of 2:1:1:1, and stir to obtain the raw material of the outer lining packing layer; the stirring is to stir until the system hangs on Does not fall off on the aluminum oxide stirring rod;
步骤202、将第一纤维布呈筒状置于感应线圈内,使所述第一纤维布紧贴于感应线圈内壁,得到布设有纤维布的感应线圈;所述第一纤维布形状为长方形,所述第一纤维布的长度为感应线圈内周长的1.5倍,所述第一纤维布的宽度为感应线圈高度+100mm;Step 202, placing the first fiber cloth in the induction coil in a cylindrical shape, so that the first fiber cloth is closely attached to the inner wall of the induction coil to obtain an induction coil equipped with fiber cloth; the shape of the first fiber cloth is a rectangle, The length of the first fiber cloth is 1.5 times the inner perimeter of the induction coil, and the width of the first fiber cloth is the height of the induction coil+100mm;
步骤203、将第二纤维布放置于耐火砖上,取部分步骤201所述外衬填料层原料均匀铺设于第二纤维布上,压实,使外衬填料层原料铺满第二纤维布,得到铺设有外衬填料层原料的第二纤维布;所述第二纤维布的直径为感应线圈直径的1.2倍;所述第二纤维布和第一纤维布均为玻璃丝布;压实后的外衬填料层原料厚度为50mm;Step 203, place the second fiber cloth on the refractory brick, take part of the raw material of the outer lining packing layer described in step 201, evenly lay it on the second fiber cloth, and compact it, so that the raw material of the outer lining packing layer is covered with the second fiber cloth, Obtain the second fiber cloth that is laid with the raw material of the outer lining packing layer; The diameter of the second fiber cloth is 1.2 times of the induction coil diameter; The second fiber cloth and the first fiber cloth are glass silk cloth; The raw material thickness of the outer lining packing layer is 50mm;
步骤204、将步骤202所述布设有纤维布的感应线圈竖直放置于所述铺设有外衬填料层原料的第二纤维布的中心处,将塑料管放置于布设有纤维布的感应线圈中,使所述塑料管位于布设有纤维布的感应线圈的中心处,所述塑料管与设有纤维布的感应线圈之间形成环状腔体,将部分步骤201所述外衬填料层原料填充至所述环状腔体中,压实,去除塑料管,得到坩埚外衬胚体;所述塑料管的直径—坩埚直径≥60mm;Step 204, placing the induction coil with the fiber cloth laid out in step 202 vertically at the center of the second fiber cloth with the raw material for the outer lining filler layer, and placing the plastic tube in the induction coil with the fiber cloth , so that the plastic tube is located at the center of the induction coil equipped with fiber cloth, an annular cavity is formed between the plastic tube and the induction coil provided with fiber cloth, and part of the raw material of the outer lining filler layer described in step 201 is filled Into the annular cavity, compacting, removing the plastic tube to obtain the crucible outer lining body; the diameter of the plastic tube—the diameter of the crucible ≥ 60mm;
步骤205、将步骤204所述坩埚外衬胚体静置48h,至固化,得到固化后坩埚外衬胚体;Step 205, standing the crucible outer lining body described in step 204 for 48 hours until solidified to obtain the solidified crucible outer lining body;
步骤206、将镍棒竖直放置于步骤205所述固化后坩埚外衬胚体内的中心处,将放置有镍棒的固化后坩埚外衬胚体置于感应炉中,启动感应炉,烘烤6h,得到坩埚外衬5;以除去水气;炉温为1200℃;Step 206, place the nickel rod vertically in the center of the solidified crucible outer lining body described in step 205, place the cured crucible outer lining body with the nickel rod placed in the induction furnace, start the induction furnace, and bake 6h, the outer lining 5 of the crucible was obtained; to remove moisture; the furnace temperature was 1200°C;
步骤三、组装设置有烧结层的坩埚和坩埚外衬5,设置填充层,得到坩埚组件本体;具体包括:
步骤301、将步骤103所述设置有烧结层的坩埚置于步骤206所述坩埚外衬中心处,所述设置有烧结层的坩埚与坩埚外衬之间形成腔室,在所述腔室内装入填充层原料,压实,得到坩埚组件本体;所述填充层原料为氧化铝粗砂和氧化铝细砂的混合物,所述氧化铝粗砂的质量为氧化铝细砂质量的3倍;所述烧结层顶部和坩埚外衬顶部与坩埚开口处平齐,所述填充层4距离坩埚开口处的距离为30mm;Step 301, placing the crucible provided with the sintered layer in step 103 at the center of the crucible outer lining described in step 206, a chamber is formed between the crucible provided with the sintered layer and the outer lining of the crucible, and the Put the filling layer raw material and compact it to obtain the crucible assembly body; the filling layer raw material is a mixture of alumina coarse sand and alumina fine sand, and the quality of the alumina coarse sand is 3 times the quality of the alumina fine sand; The top of the sintered layer and the top of the crucible lining are flush with the opening of the crucible, and the distance between the filling layer 4 and the opening of the crucible is 30mm;
步骤四、封口,得到坩埚组件,具体包括:Step 4, sealing to obtain the crucible assembly, specifically including:
步骤401、将金属氧化物砂和水玻璃按照质量比为4:1进行混合,得到封口体用粘性混合物;Step 401, mixing metal oxide sand and water glass at a mass ratio of 4:1 to obtain a viscous mixture for sealing body;
步骤402、将步骤401所述封口体用粘性混合物铺设于步骤301所述坩埚组件本体的上部,形成封口涂覆层;所述封口涂覆层超出坩埚组件本体部分的高度为20mm,所述封口涂覆层充满填充层4与坩埚开口处之间的空间;Step 402, laying the viscous mixture for the sealing body described in step 401 on the upper part of the crucible assembly body described in step 301 to form a sealing coating layer; the height of the sealing coating layer beyond the crucible assembly body part is 20mm, and the sealing The coating layer fills the space between the filling layer 4 and the opening of the crucible;
步骤403、将镍棒竖直放置于步骤402形成封口涂覆层后的组件本体内且位于中心处,将放置有镍棒的组件本体置于感应炉中,启动感应炉,烘烤6h,移除镍棒,得到感应炉用坩埚组件;以除去水气;炉温为1200℃。Step 403, place the nickel rod vertically in the center of the component body after forming the sealing coating layer in step 402, place the component body with the nickel rod in the induction furnace, start the induction furnace, bake for 6 hours, remove Nickel rods are removed to obtain a crucible assembly for an induction furnace; to remove moisture; the furnace temperature is 1200°C.
本实施例得到的感应炉用坩埚组件性能与实施例2基本一致。The performance of the crucible assembly for induction furnace obtained in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 2.
性能评价:Performance evaluation:
实施例2中感应炉用坩埚组件进行银合金熔炼的成品率如表1所示。其中熔炼过程包括:将银合金料放入坩埚,封炉抽真空,真空度小于0.1Pa时,开始加热,加热功率为10kw,至坩埚中银熔化完全,继续加热进行6~8min精炼,关阀加热,充氩气至0.06MPa~0.08MPa,升加热功率到25kw升温时间为2min,可以为1100℃,降低功率到10kw,带电浇注,随炉冷却15min,出炉。Table 1 shows the yield of silver alloy smelting with the crucible assembly used in the induction furnace in Example 2. Wherein the smelting process includes: putting the silver alloy material into the crucible, sealing the furnace to evacuate, when the vacuum degree is less than 0.1Pa, start heating, the heating power is 10kw, until the silver in the crucible is completely melted, continue heating for 6-8min refining, close the valve for heating , fill with argon gas to 0.06MPa~0.08MPa, increase the heating power to 25kw, and the heating time is 2min, which can be 1100℃, reduce the power to 10kw, pour with electricity, cool with the furnace for 15min, and come out of the furnace.
表1中试验前成品率为以传统氧化铝坩埚进行上述熔炼过程的产品成品率,试验后成品率为以实施例2所述方法制备得到的坩埚组件进行上述熔炼过程的产品成品率,其中传统氧化铝坩埚为材质99%Al2O3氧化铝坩埚,即实施例2步骤102中坩埚1。根据表1可见,采用本发明的坩埚组件成品率明显提高,表明本发明的坩埚组件可有效避免传统坩埚中氧化铝粉对银合金料的污染。In Table 1, the yield rate before the test is the product yield rate of the above-mentioned smelting process with the traditional alumina crucible, and the yield rate after the test is the product yield rate of the above-mentioned smelting process with the crucible assembly prepared by the method described in Example 2, wherein the traditional The alumina crucible is made of 99% Al 2 O 3 alumina crucible, that is, the
表1实施例2中感应炉用坩埚组件进行银合金熔炼的成品率The yield rate of silver alloy smelting carried out by induction furnace crucible assembly in the embodiment 2 of table 1
图2和图3均为试验前得到的银合金带的SEM照片,其中图2为50μm标尺下图片,图3为10μm标尺下图片,可以看到银合金带表面存在白线、白点线和中间颗粒物夹杂等缺陷。Figure 2 and Figure 3 are SEM photos of the silver alloy strips obtained before the test, wherein Figure 2 is the picture under the 50 μm scale, and Figure 3 is the picture under the 10 μm scale, it can be seen that there are white lines, white dot lines and lines on the surface of the silver alloy strip. Defects such as the inclusion of particles in the middle.
图4为试验前得到的银合金带的EDS照片,图5为对应图4的能谱分析图,结合图4、图5可知,银合金带的中间夹杂物为氧化铝颗粒。结合图2~图5可知,银合金带表面白点、白线的产生是造成成品率低的主要原因之一,其可能是在银合金轧制过程中,硬质的氧化铝颗粒不易变形,对银合金表面进行破坏,造成银合金表面质量不合,成品率降低。Figure 4 is the EDS photo of the silver alloy ribbon obtained before the test, and Figure 5 is the energy spectrum analysis diagram corresponding to Figure 4. Combining Figure 4 and Figure 5, it can be known that the inclusions in the silver alloy ribbon are alumina particles. Combining Figures 2 to 5, it can be seen that the occurrence of white spots and white lines on the surface of the silver alloy strip is one of the main reasons for the low yield. It may be that the hard alumina particles are not easily deformed during the silver alloy rolling process. Destroy the surface of the silver alloy, causing the surface quality of the silver alloy to be substandard and the yield rate to be reduced.
图6为试验后得到的银合金带的SEM照片,由图6可知,试验后银合金表面无白点、白线,表面质量良好,具有更高的成品率,表明本发明的坩埚组件可有效避免氧化铝粉对金属料的污染。Fig. 6 is the SEM photograph of the silver alloy band that obtains after the test, as can be seen from Fig. 6, after the test, the silver alloy surface has no white spot, white line, and the surface quality is good, has higher yield, shows that the crucible assembly of the present invention can effectively Avoid the pollution of alumina powder to metal materials.
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明做任何限制,凡是根据发明技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、变更以及等效结构变化,均仍属于本发明技术方案的保护范围内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the present invention in any way. All simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the invention still belong to the technical solution of the present invention. within the scope of protection.
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