CN115387884A - 一种高NOx排放柴油车道路快速筛查的方法 - Google Patents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
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- F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
- F01N11/002—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高NOx排放柴油车道路快速筛查的方法。基于SCR控制策略与排气温度显著相关，即高温下会通过主动喷射尿素对NOx进行催化还原，而温度较低时催化箱内存储的尿素还能对NOx反应，而上述反应均与SCR催化箱的脱硝效率紧密相关，这必然导致在低温时效率降低，出口的NOx增加，因此可以通过获得排气温度与出口NOx浓度，来分析SCR的控制效果，从而筛查出SCR无效导致的高NOx排放车。具体方法如右图所示，在原地空挡条件下进行高、低温条件下做2轮发动机急加速工况测试，对比下游NOx排放数值。该发明可有效解决实际道路测试无法对车辆排放造假进行有效识别的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车尾气后处理技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种高NOx排放柴油车道路快速筛查的方法。
背景技术
柴油机凭借其燃油经济性好、可靠性高、热效率高及使用寿命长等优势，被广泛应用于交通运输和工农业生产等领域。柴油机的主要排放污染物是氮氧化物(简称NOx)，柴油车排放的NOx接近汽车排放总量的70％，严重地危害到了人类健康，是机动车污染防治的重中之重。近年来，日益严格的排放法规对柴油机NOx排放提出了更高的要求。国六法规下的柴油机相较于国五，除去所需增加的发动机改造成本外，在使用过程中还需要在SCR 后处理系统中进一步加注车用尿素以减少NOx排放，导致成本进一步地增加。因此越来越多的消费者甚至企业面对着日益增加的成本为了省钱省力开始选择在柴油车的排放上进行造假。柴油车在生产前端造假的技术问题相对较少，但却难保在出厂后的运行过程中不造假。许多司机通过人为恶意地制造排温及NOx传感器的偏差力求达到少喷甚至不喷尿素的目的。鉴于现行的OBD法规，一般企业的电控单元对于上述造假的识别具有一定难度，因此目前在柴油机出厂后即实际道路运行阶段缺乏有效的监管手段。
发明内容
本发明为了解决实际道路上无法有效识别柴油车排放造假的问题，提出了一种高NOx排放柴油车道路快速筛查的方法。
一种高NOx排放柴油车道路快速筛查的方法，其特征在于包括如下步骤：
步骤一：柴油车在道路上正常行驶后停下，发动机维持怠速状态。
步骤二：司机踩油门急加速3次(1分钟内完成)，控制油门到1000rpm左右。此时通过采样器测量并记录排气温度记为T1，NOx排放记为E1。
步骤三：发动机维持1000rpm高怠速状态，同时每隔5分钟测量发动机排温，直至排气温度小于SCR系统喷射尿素的最低温度。
步骤四：司机踩油门急加速3次(1分钟内完成)，控制油门到1000rpm左右。再次通过采样器测量并记录排气温度记为T2，NOx排放记为E2。
步骤五：在完成了上述步骤后，将E1和E2进行对比，以判断是否该车是否存在排放造假：若E2与E1的结果相同，且NOx排放峰值大于500ppm，则判定该柴油车的SCR后处理存在一定的造假行为。
本发明的原理：正常工作状态下的SCR系统会通过识别排气温度来决定尿素的喷射量情况，在温度变化量较大的情况下，尿素喷射量也会产生极大的变化。因此未存在造假行为的柴油车的两次测量结果会产生极大的差异，而存在造假行为的柴油车则会因为其在排温高于150℃的状态下尿素喷射量远少于正常值从而与降温后的排放数据相差不大。
因此，基于上述原理的应用可以通过排气温度的变化筛查出排放造假的高排放柴油车。
本发明的有益效果：创新性地提出了一种高NOx排放柴油车道路快速筛查的方法，经验证，该发明易于实现，操作简单可靠，有效解决了实际道路测试无法对车辆排放造假进行有效识别的问题。
在本说明的描述中，参考术语“3次”、“1分钟”、“5分钟”、“1000rpm”、等的描述意指结合该实施例或实例描述的具体特征或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。尽管上面已经示出了和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下对本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行修改、变化、替换和变型。
附图说明
图1为本发明方法的原理图。
图2为本发明实施例提供的测量结构图。
图3为本发明实施例提供的方法应用逻辑图。
图4为本发明方法的判定条件。
图5为本发明摘要附图。
Claims (3)
1.一种高NOx排放柴油车道路快速筛查的方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)在SCR和大气侧之间，靠近SCR处安装一个取样装置，用来测量下游排气温度及下游NOx排放情况。
(2)柴油车正常行驶后停车，挂空挡，并马上进行3次原地空挡急加速，记录排气温度T1和NOx排放浓度E1。
(3)发动机维持高怠速状态，如1000rpm，同时监测发动机排温，直至排气温度小于SCR系统喷射尿素的最低温度(比如150℃)。
(4)再次进行3次急加速操作，此时获得排气温度T2和NOx排放浓度E2。
(5)根据E1与E2的关系判断待测车辆SCR运行效果：若E2与E1的结果相同，且两次NOx排放峰值较大，如峰值超过500ppm，则判定该柴油车的SCR后处理存在一定的造假行为。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种高NOx排放柴油车道路快速筛查的方法，其特征是：所述步骤(1)中，在靠近SCR处安装的取样装置，其对于温度和气体浓度的响应精度均小于1s，对于测量温度而言，该取样装置量程为0～500℃，精度为±0.75％T；对于测量气体浓度而言，该取样装置量程为0～500ppm，精度为±10ppm。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种高NOx排放柴油车道路快速筛查的方法，其特征是：所述步骤(2)和(5)中，获取得到的数据是待测车辆SCR系统下游排气温度以及NOx排放情况，可以认为是该车辆尾气排向大气的排放情况。
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