CN115386566A - Method for preparing carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier and product - Google Patents

Method for preparing carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier and product Download PDF

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CN115386566A
CN115386566A CN202210411828.0A CN202210411828A CN115386566A CN 115386566 A CN115386566 A CN 115386566A CN 202210411828 A CN202210411828 A CN 202210411828A CN 115386566 A CN115386566 A CN 115386566A
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carbon fiber
polyurethane foam
composite carrier
foam composite
preparing
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王乐
申妍
杜蓉
闻均垚
范宇晖
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Henan University of Technology
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/02Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier
    • C12N11/08Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a synthetic polymer
    • C12N11/089Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an organic carrier the carrier being a synthetic polymer obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C12N11/093Polyurethanes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12NMICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N11/00Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
    • C12N11/14Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of immobilized carriers, and discloses a method for preparing a carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier, which comprises the following steps: and (2) ultrasonically dispersing and uniformly mixing polyurethane foam and carbon fiber powder in a polar organic solution, drying, adding the mixture into an ethanol solution with the pH value being adjusted to 8-11 by ammonia water, adding dopamine hydrochloride with a certain mass, and stirring at normal temperature for reacting for a certain time to obtain the carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier. The modification of polydopamine endows the carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier with good hydrophilicity, rich polar functional groups and better biocompatibility. The method for preparing the carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier adopted by the invention can be considered as a promising method for preparing enzyme immobilized and cell immobilized carriers with good adhesion performance and biocompatibility.

Description

Method for preparing carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier and product
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of immobilized carriers, and particularly relates to a method for preparing a carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier and the carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier prepared by the method.
Background
The polyurethane foam is an immobilization carrier material with excellent performance, and has the advantages of porosity, good biocompatibility, difficult decomposition by microorganisms and the like. On one hand, the abundant porous structure of polyurethane can provide a stable growth environment for microbial cells, which is beneficial to mass transfer and oxygen supply in the fermentation process and realizes the synchronous implementation of immobilization and bacteria and enzyme production. On the other hand, the larger specific surface area of polyurethane can also provide abundant adsorption sites for enzyme immobilization. However, materials of a single nature have not been able to meet the production needs of people. Through the function composition, performance complementation and optimization of two or more materials, the preparation of composite materials with excellent performance becomes the development trend of immobilized carrier materials.
In recent years, methods for producing carbon fiber/polyurethane composite carriers have been reported. For example, CN 109266640B discloses a method for preparing a composite carrier from modified carbon fiber and polyurethane, which comprises respectively performing coating modification and epoxy alcohol modification on carbon fiber powder and polyurethane foam, and then mixing the two to perform radiation oxidation treatment to prepare the composite carrier. The CN 1837361B patent prepares a carbon fiber composite polyurethane bioactive carrier by adding modified activated carbon fiber and microbial culture medium in the polyurethane foam foaming process, which integrates the characteristics of super strong adsorbability and biological affinity, is beneficial to the implantation immobilization, proliferation and metabolism of microbes, and can be used for wastewater treatment. In order to overcome the technical defects of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material in the production process in the prior art, the patent CN 113789045A arranges continuous carbon fiber rods in a mold, adds polyurethane resin, and molds at 80-110 ℃ to prepare the polyurethane composite material.
It is reported that polydopamine can be coated on the surface of almost any solid material to form a film, and the hydrophilicity of the material can be improved through abundant hydroxyl groups and nitrogen-containing groups. In terms of cell immobilization, polydopamine contains catechol functional groups that can form covalent or non-covalent bonds with the surface of microbial cell membranes to improve adhesion of materials to cells. In the aspect of enzyme immobilization, schiff base can be generated by condensation reaction of active carbonyl on polydopamine and amino of enzyme. In addition, polydopamine also has the advantages of improving the biocompatibility and cell affinity of the material and the like. The patent CN 105233768B discloses a method for preparing poly-dopamine-silicon-based composite microspheres and a product, namely, poly-dopamine-silicon-based composite microspheres are obtained by adding a dopamine solution into an ethanol-ammonia water mixed solution, adding tetraethoxysilane for reaction when brown appears, and carrying out solid-liquid separation and washing.
Based on the method, in order to further modify the pore structure of the polyurethane foam, carbon fiber powder is loaded on the inner surface of the polyurethane foam, and a layer of polydopamine film is uniformly coated on the surface of the carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier, so that the hydrophilicity of the material and the adsorption efficiency of the material on cells or enzymes are improved. In addition, the loading of polydopamine also effectively improves the biocompatibility of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier, which aims to solve the disadvantages of smooth polyurethane surface and weak bonding with cells or enzymes by using a carbon fiber modified polyurethane foam pore structure, and to improve the hydrophilicity of the material by modifying the surface and functionalizing the surface of the material by using the characteristic that dopamine can undergo a self-polymerization reaction in an alkaline environment, so as to promote the adhesion, proliferation and physiological activity of biological cells or to improve the immobilization of enzymes on the carrier surface by using a condensation reaction between an amino group on an enzyme and a carbonyl group on polydopamine to generate schiff base.
To achieve the above object, there is provided a method for preparing a carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier, comprising the steps of:
(1) Taking polyurethane foam and carbon fiber powder with certain mass, and ultrasonically dispersing and mixing the polyurethane foam and the carbon fiber powder in a polar organic solution for 10-30 min;
(2) Adding the dried carrier into an ethanol solution with the pH value adjusted to 8-11 by ammonia water, adding a certain mass of dopamine hydrochloride, and stirring at normal temperature for reaction for 1-5 hours;
(3) And (3) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the reaction product to obtain the carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier.
Further, the polyurethane foam of step (1) has a specification of (0.3-0.7) cm.
Further, the polar organic solution in the step (1) is methanol, ethanol or acetone.
Further, after the polyurethane foam and the carbon fiber powder in the step (1) are subjected to ultrasonic dispersion and mixing, taking out the composite carrier, and performing water bath drying at 60-80 ℃ in a fume hood to remove residual organic reagents.
Further, after the polyurethane foam and the carbon fiber powder in the step (1) are subjected to ultrasonic dispersion and mixing, the polar organic solution and the carbon fiber powder remain part of the carbon fiber powder, new polyurethane foam can be added to the carbon fiber powder for ultrasonic mixing, and after the carbon fiber powder and the polyurethane foam are repeatedly used for 3-5 times, some new polar organic solution and carbon fiber powder can be added to continue to be subjected to ultrasonic mixing with the new polyurethane foam.
Further, the mass ratio of the polyurethane foam, the carbon fiber powder, the polar organic solution and the ethanol solution in the steps (1) and (2) is 1:0.5-2:50-80:50-80.
Further, the concentration of the ethanol solution in the step (2) is 40-60%, and the final concentration of the dopamine hydrochloride is 0.5-3 mg/ml.
Further, the concentration of the ammonia water in the step (2) is 25-28%.
Further, the normal temperature stirring in step (2) may be magnetic stirring or shaking stirring.
Further, after the solid-liquid separation in the step (3), the composite carrier is dried in a water bath at 60-80 ℃ to remove the residual ethanol reagent, and after the drying is finished, the carrier is washed by deionized water and is dried for later use.
Further, after the solid-liquid separation in the step (3), the remaining polydopamine/ethanol/ammonia water solution can be reused, and after each repeated use for 3-5 times, a part of polydopamine/ethanol/ammonia water solution is supplemented, so that the absorbance of the polydopamine/ethanol/ammonia water solution at 780-830 nm reaches the absorbance of the reaction solution after the first reaction is finished, and the polydopamine/ethanol/ammonia water solution can be continuously used.
Further, the structural property characterization of the composite carrier in the step (3) can be detected by the following method: detecting the microscopic morphology of the carrier through a scanning electron microscope; measuring the surface hydrophilicity of the carrier by using a contact angle measuring instrument; analyzing the surface functional groups of the carrier by adopting a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer; in addition, the biocompatibility of the carrier with the immobilized cells was examined by fluorescence microscopy. The results are shown in FIGS. 1-4.
Further, the composite carrier in step (3) can be applied to immobilized cells: and (2) placing a certain mass of the composite carrier in a fermentation culture medium, carrying out high-pressure sterilization at 115 ℃ for 30 min, cooling, inoculating a seed solution, and culturing at a proper rotating speed and temperature for a period of time to obtain the immobilized cell.
Further, the composite carrier in the step (3) can be applied to immobilized enzymes: and (3) putting a certain mass of the composite carrier into an enzyme solution, and oscillating for a period of time by a shaking table to obtain the immobilized enzyme.
Advantageous effects
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention can achieve the following
Has the beneficial effects.
(1) The carbon fiber load of the invention solves the defects of smooth surface of polyurethane foam and easy falling of immobilized cells or enzyme. And the modification of polydopamine ensures that the combination of carbon fiber and polyurethane foam is firmer and the stability is good.
(2) The modification of the polydopamine in the invention not only reduces the contact angle of the carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier by about 45-55%, but also obviously improves the hydrophilicity. In addition, the material is endowed with good biocompatibility.
(3) The cell immobilization efficiency of the carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier prepared by the invention is improved by 1.22-1.43 times, and the enzyme immobilization efficiency is improved by 0.61-1.74 times.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a scanning electron microscope image of a carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier prepared in example 1 of the present invention. a. A polyurethane; b. carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier.
Fig. 2 is an infrared characterization diagram of the carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a contact angle diagram of a carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier prepared in example 1 of the present invention. a. A polyurethane; b. carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier.
FIG. 4 is a fluorescence microscope photograph of carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier immobilized cells prepared in example 1 of the present invention after being stained with Propidium Iodide (PI) and Acridine Orange (AO). a. Polyurethane-immobilized cells (showing only green fluorescence); b. polyurethane immobilized cells (showing only red fluorescence, dead cells); c. carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier immobilized cells (only green fluorescence is shown); d. cells (only red fluorescence is shown, dead cells) are immobilized by a carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the preferred embodiments are only for the purpose of illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Preparing a carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier:
after dispersing 1 g of polyurethane foam (0.5 cm x 0.5 cm) and 1 g of carbon fiber powder in 70-80 g of 95% ethanol solution by ultrasound for 10 min, the composite support was removed and dried in a water bath at 70 ℃. Adding the dried composite carrier into 70-80 g of 50% ethanol solution (pH =9.5-10.5 adjusted by ammonia water), and adding dopamine hydrochloride with a certain mass to make the final concentration of 1-2 mg/ml. Shaking table oscillating reaction at 160 rpm at normal temperature for 1-2 hr, taking out the carrier, water bath drying at 70 deg.c, washing with deionized water and drying for use.
(2) Application of composite carrier in production of xylitol by immobilized candida tropicalis
Seed culture medium: 20 g/L xylose, 20 g/L glucose, 5 g/L yeast extract powder, 5 g/L corn steep liquor and MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 1 g/L,KH 2 PO 4 2 g/L, naCl 2 g/L, natural pH.
Fermentation medium: xylose 80 g/orL, glucose 10 g/L, yeast extract powder 10 g/L, KH 2 PO 4 4 g/L,MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O 0.5 g/L,(NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 3 g/L, pH is natural.
0.2-0.5 g of the carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier is put into 50 mL of fermentation medium, autoclaved for 30 min at 115 ℃, cooled and inoculated with seed liquid (the inoculum size is 10%), cultured for 48 h at 160 rpm and 30 ℃. Collecting 1 ml fermentation liquid, centrifuging and precipitating, collecting supernatant, and determining xylitol yield by high performance liquid chromatography. Then discarding the rest fermentation liquor, only reserving the carrier and the immobilized cells, adding a new fermentation culture medium, and repeating the steps to perform multi-batch fermentation. The liquid phase conditions were: a sugar column; column temperature of 80 ℃; an ultrapure water mobile phase; 0.5 Flow rate of mL/min.
The cell mass fixed on each gram of carrier surface is the cell immobilization efficiency.
The result shows that the immobilization efficiency of the carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier is 1.41-1.66 g/g, which is 1.22-1.43 times of that of polyurethane. In addition, after the first batch is finished, the xylitol fermentation yield of the composite carrier immobilized cells is 23.32-26.87 g/L, which is 1.31-1.51 times of that of polyurethane. After 8-10 batches of fermentation, the xylitol fermentation yield of the composite carrier immobilized cells is still maintained to be more than 80% of the first batch fermentation yield.
Example 2
(1) Preparing a carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier:
this example differs from example 1 only in that: adjusting pH =8.5-9.5 with ammonia. Adding dopamine hydrochloride with a certain mass to make the concentration of the dopamine hydrochloride be 2-3 mg/ml.
(2) Application of composite carrier to immobilized sucrase
Preparation of immobilized sucrase: adding 0.5-1.0 g of the composite carrier into 100 ml of 10 g/L of sucrase solution prepared by 0.05 mol/L and pH 5.0 citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution, oscillating at 30 ℃ and 160 rpm for 24 h, and washing off free enzyme by using the buffer solution to obtain the immobilized sucrase.
The immobilization efficiency of the enzyme is expressed as a mass percentage of the enzyme immobilized per gram of the surface of the immobilization support. The result shows that the immobilization efficiency of the composite carrier to the enzyme is 82.44-140.20%, which is 0.61-1.74 times higher than that of polyurethane.
Definition of sucrase activity: the amount of enzyme required for hydrolysis to yield 1 mg of glucose per minute at 37 ℃ and pH 5.0 is one unit of enzyme activity, expressed in U/g.
Determination of glucose content: the glucose standard curve was determined by DNS method. 0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4 and 0.5 mg/ml glucose solution is prepared by using the buffer solution, 1 ml is taken respectively, 1 ml of DNS reagent is added, the mixture is accurately reacted for 5 min in boiling water, the mixture is immediately cooled to room temperature, then 3.5 ml of buffer solution is added, and the absorbance is measured at 540 nm. The above procedure was performed with 1 ml of buffer instead of glucose solution as a blank. Obtaining a standard curve: y =1.752x-0.0312 2 =0.9927。
After heating 20 ml of a 10% sucrose solution in a water bath to 37 ℃, 0.1 g of immobilized sucrase was added and reacted for exactly 20 min. After the reaction is finished, 1 ml of sample is taken to determine the yield of glucose according to the DNS method, the activity of the immobilized enzyme is calculated, then a new sucrose substrate is replaced, and the enzyme activity is detected again, so that the result shows that the activity of the reaction enzyme is still maintained to be about 60-65% of the initial enzyme activity after the reaction enzyme is repeatedly used for 8-10 times.

Claims (6)

1. A method for preparing a carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier is characterized by comprising the following steps:
taking polyurethane foam and carbon fiber powder with certain mass to be ultrasonically dispersed and mixed in a polar organic solution for 10-30 min;
adding the dried carrier into an ethanol solution with the pH value adjusted to 8-11 by ammonia water, adding a certain mass of dopamine hydrochloride, and stirring at normal temperature for reaction for 1-5 hours;
and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the reaction product to obtain the carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier.
2. The method for preparing a carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier according to claim 1, wherein the polar organic solution in the step (1) is methanol, ethanol, acetone.
3. The method for preparing a carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the polyurethane foam, the carbon fiber powder, the polar organic solution and the ethanol solution in steps (1) and (2) is 1:0.5-2:50-80:50-80.
4. The method for preparing a carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier according to claim 1, wherein the ethanol solution of the step (2) has a concentration of 40 to 60% and a final concentration of 0.5 to 3 mg/ml of dopamine hydrochloride.
5. The method for preparing the carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier as claimed in claim 1, wherein the remaining polydopamine/ethanol/ammonia water solution after the reaction is finished can be reused, and a part of polydopamine/ethanol/ammonia water solution is supplemented after 3-5 times of repeated use to make the absorbance at 780-830 nm reach the absorbance of the reaction solution after the first reaction is finished, so that the polydopamine/ethanol/ammonia water solution can be continuously used.
6. The carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier prepared by the preparation method of claims 1-5.
CN202210411828.0A 2022-04-19 2022-04-19 Method for preparing carbon fiber/polyurethane foam composite carrier and product Pending CN115386566A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117186488A (en) * 2023-08-24 2023-12-08 广州大学 beta-FeOOH modified polyurethane foam, preparation method and application

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117186488A (en) * 2023-08-24 2023-12-08 广州大学 beta-FeOOH modified polyurethane foam, preparation method and application
CN117186488B (en) * 2023-08-24 2024-05-03 广州大学 Beta-FeOOH modified polyurethane foam, preparation method and application

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