CN115383561A - Automatic valve lapping system and grinding method thereof - Google Patents
Automatic valve lapping system and grinding method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115383561A CN115383561A CN202211234636.3A CN202211234636A CN115383561A CN 115383561 A CN115383561 A CN 115383561A CN 202211234636 A CN202211234636 A CN 202211234636A CN 115383561 A CN115383561 A CN 115383561A
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- grinding
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- sleeve
- pressure
- valve head
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B15/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding seat surfaces; Accessories therefor
- B24B15/08—Machines or devices designed for grinding seat surfaces; Accessories therefor for grinding co-operating seat surfaces by moving one over the other
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/005—Control means for lapping machines or devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/27—Work carriers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/34—Accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
- B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/16—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the load
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of valve product processing, in particular to an automatic valve opposite-grinding system and a grinding method thereof, wherein the system comprises an opposite-grinding tool and a controller, the opposite-grinding tool comprises a valve head lifting grinding assembly, a valve seat clamping assembly, a cross sliding table and a base, the cross sliding table and the base are fixed with the valve seat clamping assembly, and an ultrasonic vibrator is connected between the cross sliding table and the base; the controller includes the following modules: the axis alignment module: the cross sliding table is used for controlling the valve seat clamping assembly to return to an initial position for carrying out axial line preliminary alignment; the ultrasonic vibrator is also used for generating an axis fine adjustment and alignment prompt after the axis is preliminarily aligned and synchronously starting the ultrasonic vibrator; a lapping and grinding module: after finishing the fine adjustment of the axis, grinding the valve seat of the valve seat clamping assembly according to the grinding parameter valve head lifting grinding assembly, and resetting the valve head lifting grinding assembly after the grinding is finished. The invention can improve the sealing performance of the valve after the opposite grinding, ensure the consistency of the product quality and improve the working efficiency of the opposite grinding process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of valve product processing, in particular to an automatic valve lapping system and a grinding method thereof.
Background
The valve products are widely applied to hydraulic, pneumatic and other occasions, are more common in the field of aerospace, and have extremely high requirements on the valve. In the manufacturing process of valve products, the counter-grinding of the valve head and the valve seat (valve sleeve) of the check valve is a common process. The process has the function of eliminating the tiny clearance of the sealing line (surface) through the mutual grinding of the two parts so as to achieve better sealing effect.
However, the commonly used research process has the following problems:
1. when the valve head and the valve seat are in butt grinding, the axes of the valve head and the valve seat cannot be accurately aligned, so that the butt grinding cannot eliminate a tiny gap of a sealing line (surface), and a better sealing effect cannot be achieved;
2. the hand feeling and experience of the operator are excessively relied on; in the opposite grinding process of the valve head and the valve seat, the force which is tightly attached to the grinding surface is applied to the grinding disc through the hand-operated turntable by depending on the experience and the hand feeling of an operator, so that the grinding disc can continuously grind the grinding surface, and the small gap between the grinding disc and the grinding surface is eliminated. Because the force applied to the grinding disc to be tightly attached to the grinding surface is completely dependent on hand feeling and experience of an operator, the situation that the force is not uniformly applied and is not continuous is inevitable, the stress of the grinding surface is not uniform, the grinding deviation of a workpiece is further caused, and the grinding qualified rate of valve parts is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide an automatic valve lapping system, which can improve the sealing performance of the lapped valves, ensure the consistency of product quality, and improve the working efficiency of the lapping process.
In order to achieve the aim, the automatic valve butt-grinding system comprises a butt-grinding tool and a controller, wherein the butt-grinding tool comprises a valve head lifting grinding assembly, a valve seat clamping assembly, a cross sliding table and a base, the cross sliding table and the base are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the cross sliding table and the base are fixed with the valve seat clamping assembly, and an ultrasonic vibrator is connected between the cross sliding table and the base; the valve head lifting and grinding assembly, the valve head lifting and grinding assembly and the ultrasonic vibrator are electrically connected with a controller, and the controller comprises the following modules:
the axis alignment module: the cross sliding table is used for acquiring an alignment requirement and controlling the cross sliding table to enable the valve seat clamping assembly to return to an initial position to perform axial line preliminary alignment after the alignment requirement is acquired; the ultrasonic generator is also used for generating an axis fine adjustment alignment prompt after the axis is preliminarily aligned, and starting the ultrasonic vibrator;
a lapping and grinding module: the grinding device is used for acquiring grinding parameters, wherein the grinding parameters comprise a distance parameter for controlling the valve head to move downwards in the valve head lifting and grinding assembly, a grinding rotating speed and grinding time of the valve head; after finishing the axis fine tuning and aligning, grinding the valve seat of the valve seat clamping assembly according to the grinding parameter valve head lifting grinding assembly, and resetting the valve head lifting grinding assembly after grinding.
The principle and the advantages are as follows:
1. the axis is adjusted the setting of module well, acquires earlier and aims at the demand to control cross slip table according to aiming at the demand and make disk seat centre gripping subassembly get back to initial position and carry out the axis and tentatively adjust well, saved partly manual operation, reduce artifical degree of dependence, and the precision that resets is more accurate, operates simplyr. After the axes are preliminarily aligned, an axis fine-adjustment alignment prompt is generated to inform an operator skilled in operation of intervention, and because the grinding precision of the valve head and the valve seat is higher, errors still exist even though the cross sliding table (namely the combination of the X-axis lead screw assembly and the Y-axis lead screw assembly) is reset. At this moment, must rely on the skilled operating personnel of operation to intervene, through synchronous start ultrasonic vibrator, can reduce the friction between slider and the threaded rod in the cross slip table by a wide margin for operating personnel is more for the fine setting of cross slip table smooth and easy, more feels, has compared in prior art and has improved adjusting precision and artifical degree of dependence well of disk seat valve head axis (need not whole participation of operating personnel).
2. To grinding module's setting, acquire earlier grinding parameter, grind the disk seat of disk seat centre gripping subassembly according to grinding parameter valve head lift grinding component after accomplishing the axis fine tuning and adjusting well to reset valve head lift grinding component after grinding the completion. The grinding flow of the valve seat and the valve head is greatly reduced, the dependence on manpower is reduced, the high automation is realized, the sealing performance of the ground valve can be improved, the consistency of the product quality is ensured, and the working efficiency of the grinding process can be improved.
Further, the valve seat clamping assembly comprises a bottom plate and a shell which is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate and is provided with an opening at the upper end, wherein a plurality of layers of sleeves are arranged in the shell, and each plurality of layers of sleeves comprise a first sleeve which is arranged in the shell and is attached to the inner wall of the shell and a second sleeve which is arranged in the first sleeve and is attached to the inner wall of the first sleeve; the valve seat clamping head is characterized by further comprising a third sleeve and a fourth sleeve, wherein the third sleeve is inserted from an opening in the upper part of the second sleeve and provided with a mounting groove for vertically mounting the valve seat clamping head on the inner bottom surface, and an elastic coupling is fixed between the inner bottom surface of the second sleeve and the center of the outer bottom surface of the third sleeve; the fourth sleeve is inserted and installed from an opening at the upper part of the third sleeve, and a limiting through hole for the head of the valve seat chuck to penetrate through and limit is arranged on the inner bottom surface of the fourth sleeve.
Has the beneficial effects that: even after the axes of the operators are accurately adjusted, the valve seat and the valve head still have tiny errors, and even the operators with high proficiency cannot solve the problem in a manual mode. And this scheme sets up second sleeve and third sleeve and passes through joint bearing installation, can simply understand universal articulated, is fixed with elastic coupling between bottom surface and the outer bottom surface center of third sleeve in the second sleeve in addition, then utilizes elastic coupling to put and the elasticity of self at the central point, realizes that the valve head can carry out the fine setting around the slight angle of vertical direction automatically when the butt joint to guarantee the accurate depth of parallelism of disk seat axis and disk seat axis. The fourth sleeve and the limiting through hole are arranged, so that the head of the valve seat chuck can be conveniently screwed by screwing the fourth sleeve, and the valve sleeve in the valve seat chuck can be conveniently screwed and unscrewed. The valve sleeve is favorable for installation and taking of the valve sleeve, and the fine adjustment effect of the valve sleeve of the valve head on a small angle in the vertical direction is facilitated.
Further, a stepped groove is formed in the inner wall of the upper end of the second sleeve, a bearing outer ring is arranged on the stepped groove, a gap is reserved between the stepped groove and the outer wall of the bearing outer ring, a bearing inner ring is mounted on the inner side face of the bearing outer ring in a fit mode, and the bearing inner ring is sleeved on the outer side face of the third sleeve and is in fit with the third sleeve; the annular groove is formed in the inner side wall of the upper end of the stepped groove, and an elastic buffer ring is arranged in the annular groove and sleeved on the outer wall of the bearing outer ring to fill the gap.
Has the advantages that: due to the arrangement of the elastic buffer ring, the gap between the bearing outer ring and the outer wall of the bearing outer ring can be filled with the elastic buffer ring, so that on one hand, the relative positions of the second sleeve and the third sleeve are fixed, and the valve seat are prevented from shaking during grinding, so that the grinding precision is not influenced; on the other hand, the valve head can automatically carry out fine adjustment of a small amplitude in the horizontal direction when in butt joint by combining the elastic coupling and also utilizing the elasticity of the valve head, and on the basis of the realized accurate parallelism of the axis of the valve seat and the axis of the valve seat, the accurate coaxiality of the two axes is realized, so that the complete alignment of the two axes is realized.
Further, an antifriction gasket is arranged between the bottom of the bearing outer ring and the stepped groove.
Has the advantages that: the setting of antifriction packing ring makes things convenient for the slip between second sleeve and the third sleeve to realize that the valve head can carry out the fine setting of small range in the horizontal direction automatically when the butt joint, the antifriction is favorable to further accurate adjusting well between valve head and the disk seat.
Further, an allowance space is reserved between the bottom of the second sleeve and the bottom plate, a bearing plate is arranged in the allowance space, a reset spring is arranged between the upper surface of the bearing plate and the bottom surface of the second sleeve, a pressure sensor is arranged between the bottom plates of the bearing plate, and the controller further comprises the following modules:
for the grinding pressure control module: the valve head lifting and grinding assembly is used for acquiring pressure parameters, controlling the valve head to move downwards in the valve head lifting and grinding assembly according to the pressure parameters and extruding a valve sleeve in the valve seat chuck until pressure data detected by the pressure sensor accords with the pressure parameters.
Has the advantages that: the arrangement of the margin space, the bearing disc and the return spring is convenient for the valve head to apply enough pressure to the valve seat in a small space. And the pressure sensor and the grinding pressure control module are arranged so as to enable the valve head to be in full contact with the valve seat by means of applying pressure, so that the grinding effect is better.
Further, a displacement detection sensor is vertically installed on the bearing plate, a detection contact of the displacement detection sensor is abutted to the bottom surface of the second sleeve or is fixed with the second sleeve, and the controller further comprises the following modules:
and a research input analysis module: and the displacement detection sensor is used for zeroing the numerical value of the displacement detection sensor when the pressure data detected by the pressure sensor accords with the magnitude of the pressure parameter, and detecting the distance data of the upward movement of the second sleeve in real time.
Has the advantages that: the arrangement of the displacement detection sensor and the double-grinding feed amount analysis module can realize the visualization of the double-grinding feed amount, and is favorable for an operator to observe the double-grinding degree at any time.
Further, the controller further comprises the following modules:
and a research input cross validation module: the device is used for stopping the valve head lifting grinding assembly after grinding time is up, detecting pressure recovery data of the opposite grinding completion through a detection pressure sensor, calculating pressure difference delta F of the pressure recovery data and pressure parameters, and calculating the recovery distance delta L = delta F/K of the return spring according to the pressure difference delta F and the elastic coefficient K of the return spring; and the system is also used for carrying out cross validation on the grinding amount according to the reply distance and the distance data detected by the displacement detection sensor and outputting a cross validation result.
Has the advantages that: to the setting of research advance cross validation module, can realize replying the distance and displacement detection sensor detects the distance data's cross validation to guarantee the accuracy of data, avoid appearing systematic error, and the grinding effect of erroneous judgement valve seat valve head.
Further, the controller further comprises the following modules:
and a reciprocating grinding control module: the valve head lifting grinding component is used for setting the opposite grinding round-trip times and the single grinding time and controlling the grinding function and the lifting function of the valve head lifting grinding component according to the opposite grinding round-trip times and the single grinding time; the total grinding time is the product of the number of round trips and the time of a single grinding.
Has the advantages that: the reciprocating grinding control module can control the reciprocating times of grinding instead of grinding at one time, and compared with grinding at one time, the sealing performance of the valve head and the valve seat in intermittent grinding is better.
The valve automatic grinding method utilizes the opposite grinding tool and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, after a valve head and a valve seat arranged in a valve seat clamping assembly are arranged on a valve head lifting grinding assembly, acquiring an alignment requirement;
s2, after the alignment requirement is obtained, controlling the cross sliding table to enable the valve seat clamping assembly to return to an initial position to conduct axis primary alignment;
s3, after the axis is preliminarily aligned, generating an axis fine-adjustment alignment prompt for informing an operator to adjust the cross sliding table, and manually starting the ultrasonic vibrator;
s4, after the fine adjustment of the axis is finished, stopping the ultrasonic vibrator, setting pressure parameters, single grinding time, grinding times and the rotating speed of a grinding motor, and automatically controlling the valve head in the valve head lifting grinding assembly to move downwards to extrude a valve sleeve in a valve seat chuck according to the pressure parameters until pressure data detected by a pressure sensor meets the size of the pressure parameters;
s5, when the pressure data detected by the pressure sensor accords with the magnitude of the pressure parameter, the numerical value of the displacement detection sensor is zeroed, the grinding motor is started to start grinding, the upward reset distance data of the second sleeve is detected in real time, and the upward reset distance data is displayed in a visual mode through a screen;
s6, stopping a grinding motor of the valve head lifting grinding assembly and enabling the whole body to ascend and reset after the total grinding time and the opposite grinding round trip times are reached; in the process, pressure recovery data of the completion of the lapping and grinding are detected by a detection pressure sensor, the pressure recovery data and the pressure difference delta F of the pressure parameter are calculated, and the recovery distance delta L = delta F/K of the return spring is calculated according to the pressure difference and the elastic coefficient K of the return spring;
and S7, performing cross validation according to the return distance delta L and the distance data detected by the displacement detection sensor, and outputting a cross validation result.
Has the advantages that:
the alignment requirement is obtained firstly, the cross sliding table is controlled according to the alignment requirement to enable the valve seat clamping assembly to return to the initial position to conduct axis preliminary alignment, a part of manual operation is omitted, manual dependence is reduced, the resetting precision is more accurate, and the operation is simpler. After the axes are preliminarily aligned, an axis fine-adjustment alignment prompt is generated to inform an operator skilled in operation of intervention, and because the grinding precision of the valve head and the valve seat is higher, errors still exist even though the cross sliding table (namely the combination of the X-axis lead screw assembly and the Y-axis lead screw assembly) is reset. At this moment, must rely on the skilled operating personnel of operation to intervene, through synchronous start ultrasonic vibrator, can reduce the friction between slider and the threaded rod in the cross slip table for operating personnel is more for the fine setting of cross slip table silky, smooth and easy, more feels, has compared in prior art and has improved adjusting precision and artifical degree of dependence well of disk seat valve head axis.
And acquiring grinding parameters, grinding the valve seat of the valve seat clamping assembly according to the grinding parameter valve head lifting grinding assembly after finishing fine adjustment of the axis, and resetting the valve head lifting grinding assembly after finishing grinding. The grinding flow of the valve seat and the valve head is greatly reduced, the dependence on manpower is reduced, the high automation is realized, the sealing performance of the ground valve can be improved, the consistency of the product quality is ensured, and the working efficiency of the grinding process can be improved.
The displacement detection sensor can realize visualization of the lapping feed amount, and is favorable for an operator to observe the lapping degree at any time. And the accuracy of data is ensured by cross validation of the distance data detected by the return distance and the displacement detection sensor, and the occurrence of system errors is avoided, so that the grinding quality of the valve seat valve head is misjudged.
Further, the step S4 further includes the steps of:
s401, after the single grinding time is set, the number of reciprocating grinding times is set, the total grinding time is the product of the number of reciprocating grinding times n and the grinding time t, and the valve head lifting grinding assembly is controlled to carry out reciprocating grinding up and down according to the single grinding time and the grinding times.
Has the advantages that: the control of the number of times of reciprocating grinding can be realized, and grinding is not completed at one time, and compared with grinding which is completed at one time, intermittent grinding can reduce adverse effects caused by factors such as frictional heat generation and the like, so that the performance of the valve head and the valve seat is better.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a logic block diagram of an automatic valve-type lapping system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of an automatic valve lapping device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a half-sectional view of the seat clamp assembly;
FIG. 4 is a partial isometric view of the valve seat clamping assembly of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an isometric view of a connector or valve seat cartridge;
fig. 6 is an external perspective isometric view of the controller.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
reference numerals in the drawings of the specification include: the device comprises a base 1, a stand column 2, a Z-axis screw rod adjusting assembly 3, a grinding motor 4, a motor support 5, a connecting piece 6, a valve head 7, a fourth sleeve 8, a third sleeve 9, a shell 10, a bottom plate 11, a Y-axis screw rod adjusting assembly 12, an X-axis screw rod adjusting assembly 13, an ultrasonic vibrator 14, a first sleeve 15, a second sleeve 16, a displacement detection sensor 17, a guide rod 18, a pressure sensor 19, a bearing disc 20, a return spring 21, an elastic coupling 22, a cushion column 23, a set screw 24, an antifriction washer 25, a bearing outer ring 26, a bearing inner ring 27, a valve sleeve 28, a valve seat chuck 29 and an elastic buffer ring 30.
Examples
An automatic valve alignment system is basically shown in figures 1-6 and comprises an alignment tool and a controller. The double-grinding tool comprises a base 1, wherein a stand column 2 is arranged on one side of the base 1, a Z-axis screw rod adjusting assembly 3 is arranged on the side face of the stand column 2, a motor support 5 is arranged on a sliding block of the Z-axis screw rod adjusting assembly 3, a grinding motor 4 is vertically arranged on the motor support 5, and a valve head 7 is detachably arranged on a rotating shaft of the grinding motor 4 through a connecting piece 6.
As shown in fig. 2, an X-axis lead screw adjusting assembly 13 is arranged on the upper surface of the other side of the base 1, a Y-axis lead screw adjusting assembly 12 is arranged on a sliding block of the X-axis lead screw adjusting assembly 13, and a valve seat clamping assembly is arranged on the upper surface of a sliding block of the Y-axis lead screw adjusting assembly 12. An ultrasonic vibrator 14 is arranged between the two ends of the shell of the Y-axis lead screw adjusting component 12 and the base 1, and the ultrasonic vibrator 14, the X-axis lead screw adjusting component 13, the Y-axis lead screw adjusting component 12, the Z-axis lead screw adjusting component 3 and the grinding motor 4 are electrically connected with a controller.
The X-axis screw adjusting assembly 13, the Y-axis screw adjusting assembly 12 and the Z-axis screw adjusting assembly 3 are all existing screw assemblies, namely comprise conventional components such as a bar-shaped base, a threaded rod, a sliding block, a stepping motor and a manual adjusting knob, and therefore excessive description is not needed in the embodiment. In this embodiment, be equipped with folding telescopic hood between the both ends of slider and the bar base 1 both ends among X axle lead screw adjusting part 13, Y axle lead screw adjusting part 12, the Z axle lead screw adjusting part 3, avoid in the dust of lapping grinding gets into the thread gap of lead screw to influence the slip of slider. In this embodiment, all be equipped with the locking control button of control step motor auto-lock on X axle lead screw adjusting part 13, Y axle lead screw adjusting part 12, the Z axle lead screw adjusting part 3, avoid grinding motor to appear rocking in the grinding process.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the valve seat clamping assembly includes a bottom plate 11 and a housing 10 disposed on the upper surface of the bottom plate 11 and having an open upper end, and the bottom plate 11 is fixed on a slider of the Y-axis screw adjustment assembly 12 by four corner bolts. The upper surface of the base plate 11 is centrally provided with a circular groove. The housing 10 is cylindrical and is mounted in a circular groove, with openings at both ends. The valve seat clamping head 29, the bearing disc 20 and the pressure sensor 19 are sequentially arranged in the center of the shell 10 from top to bottom, and the pressure sensor 19 is electrically connected with the controller.
The multilayer sleeve comprises a first sleeve 15 arranged in the shell 10 and attached to the inner wall of the shell 10 and a second sleeve 16 arranged in the first sleeve 15 and attached to the inner wall of the first sleeve 15. The lower end opening of the housing 10 is provided with a bearing ring for bearing the first sleeve 15. The height of the second sleeve 16 is about 3/4 of the height of the first sleeve 15, so that a certain space (1/4 of the height of the first sleeve 15) is left below the second sleeve 16, and the bearing plate 20 is arranged in the space below the bottom surface of the second sleeve 16; as shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the upper end of the pressure sensor 19 is fixed to the center of the lower surface of the bearing plate 20 by three bolts. The lower end of the pressure sensor 19 is fixed by a bolt provided at the center of the bottom surface of the bottom plate 11.
As shown in fig. 4, a return spring 21 is disposed between the upper surface of the bearing plate 20 and the bottom surface of the second sleeve 16. In this embodiment, a spring-limiting groove for limiting the deflection of the return spring 21 is formed between the upper surface of the bearing plate 20 and the bottom surface of the second sleeve 16. The bottom surface of the spring limiting groove is provided with three bolts for fixing the upper end of the pressure sensor 19.
The bearing plate 20 is vertically provided with a displacement detection sensor 17, a detection contact of the displacement detection sensor 17 is abutted against the bottom surface of the second sleeve 16 or fixed with the second sleeve 16, and the displacement detection sensor 17 is electrically connected with a controller.
The upper surface and the lower surface of the bearing plate 20 are provided with guide rods 18, and the guide rods 18 are distributed in a cross shape. The bottom plate 11 and the outer bottom surface of the second sleeve 16 are both provided with guide holes matched with the guide rods 18, and the end parts of the guide rods 18 are arranged in the guide holes and are in sliding connection with the guide holes.
As shown in fig. 3, the multi-layer sleeve further includes a third sleeve 9 and a fourth sleeve 8 similar to a bolt, the third sleeve 9 is inserted into the second sleeve 16 from the upper opening and is installed, and the inner bottom surface of the third sleeve is provided with an installation groove for vertically installing a valve seat chuck 29, a fixing through groove penetrating through the installation groove is formed in the side wall of the third sleeve 9, the valve seat chuck 29 is provided with a corresponding threaded through hole, and the valve seat chuck 29 can be fixed by setting a set screw 24. An elastic coupling 22 is fixed between the inner bottom surface of the second sleeve 16 and the center of the outer bottom surface of the third sleeve 9, and two ends of the elastic coupling 22 are fixed through bolts and made of rubber; the fourth sleeve 8 is inserted from the upper opening of the third sleeve 9 and is provided with a limiting through hole on the inner bottom surface for the head of the valve seat chuck 29 to pass through and limit.
As shown in fig. 3 and 5, in this embodiment, the connecting member 6 detachably mounted on the rotating shaft of the grinding motor 4 and the valve seat chuck 29 have the same structure, and both include a special-shaped cylinder with a convex-shaped vertical cross section, a vertical mounting through hole is provided at the center of the special-shaped cylinder, the mounting through hole is used for mounting an elongated valve sleeve 28 (valve seat) or valve head 7, and in order to ensure that the elongated valve sleeve 28 or valve head 7 is smoothly mounted, a cushion column 23 may be provided in the mounting through hole. The outer surface of the upper part of the special-shaped cylinder is provided with threads and a through groove pointing to the center axis of the through hole. The outer surface of the upper part of the special-shaped cylinder is also in threaded connection with a locking nut. The limiting through hole of the fourth sleeve 8 is hexagonal nut-shaped.
Be equipped with the ladder groove on the 16 upper end inner walls of second sleeve, be equipped with on the ladder groove bearing outer lane 26 and with the bearing outer lane 26 outer wall between have the clearance, the bearing inner race 27 that the surface is the arcwall face is installed in the laminating of 26 medial surfaces of bearing outer lane, bearing inner race 27 cover is established at third sleeve 9 lateral surface and is rather than the laminating. The annular groove is formed in the inner side wall of the upper end of the stepped groove, and the elastic buffer ring 30 is arranged in the annular groove.
And an antifriction washer 25 is arranged between the bottom of the bearing outer ring and the stepped groove, and the antifriction washer is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.
As shown in fig. 6, the controller is a box, on the hardware level, two handles, i.e., a left handle and a right handle and an emergency stop button, are arranged on the upper surface of the controller, and a control panel is arranged on the front side surface of the controller and comprises a plurality of control buttons, a knob and a display screen. The interior of the grinding tool is an existing single chip microcomputer controller or a PLC controller, and all electronic elements in the grinding tool are connected in a wired mode.
As shown in fig. 1, the controller includes the following modules at a software level:
the axis alignment module: the system is used for acquiring an alignment requirement (corresponding operation buttons can be preset on a panel of the controller or directly pressed), and controlling a cross sliding table (an X-axis screw rod adjusting assembly 13 and a Y-axis screw rod adjusting assembly 12) to enable a valve seat clamping assembly to return to an initial position to perform axis primary alignment after the alignment requirement is acquired; the ultrasonic vibrator is also used for generating an axis fine adjustment alignment prompt after the axis is preliminarily aligned and synchronously starting the ultrasonic vibrator;
a lapping and grinding module: the grinding device is used for acquiring grinding parameters, wherein the grinding parameters comprise a distance parameter for controlling the valve head to move downwards in the valve head lifting and grinding assembly, a grinding rotating speed and grinding time of the valve head; and grinding the valve seat of the valve seat clamping assembly according to the grinding parameter valve head lifting grinding assembly after finishing fine adjustment of the axis, and resetting the valve head lifting grinding assembly after finishing grinding.
And a reciprocating grinding control module: and after the grinding time is set, setting the number of opposite grinding round trips, dividing the grinding time according to the number of opposite grinding round trips to obtain a grinding time period, and controlling the valve head lifting grinding assembly to vertically grind in a round trip mode according to the grinding time period. As shown in fig. 6, the single polishing time was set to 8S, and the total polishing time was 24 seconds for n =3 round trips.
For the grinding pressure control module: the pressure sensor is used for acquiring a pressure parameter (the set value of the pressure parameter is set to be 30N in FIG. 6, and the real-time measurement value is 28.6N because of abrasion to the grinding, namely, the grinding amount), and controlling the downward movement of the valve head in the valve head lifting and descending grinding assembly and pressing the valve sleeve in the valve seat chuck according to the pressure parameter until the pressure data detected by the pressure sensor accords with the magnitude of the pressure parameter.
And a research progress analysis module: and the displacement detection sensor is used for zeroing the numerical value of the displacement detection sensor when the pressure data detected by the pressure sensor accords with the magnitude of the pressure parameter, and detecting the distance data of upward resetting of the second sleeve in real time.
And a research input quantity cross validation module: the valve head lifting grinding assembly is stopped after the grinding time is up, the pressure recovery data of the opposite grinding completion is detected through the detection pressure sensor, the pressure difference between the pressure recovery data and the pressure parameter is calculated, and the recovery distance of the return spring is calculated according to the pressure difference and the elastic coefficient of the return spring; and also for cross-verifying the amount of progress based on the return distance and the distance data detected by the displacement detecting sensor and outputting a cross-verification result, for example, 0.35mm as shown in fig. 6.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the valve head 7 and the valve sleeve 28 are mounted and coated with the grinding paste, and relevant parameters are set on the controller, and the controller automatically adjusts the X-axis lead screw adjusting assembly 13 and the Y-axis lead screw adjusting assembly 12 to enable the valve seat clamping assembly to return to the initial position. Manual adjustment Z axle, make the valve head slowly get into valve barrel 28, start ultrasonic vibrator 14 when the combination of circle beginning in the fixed axle excircle of valve head 7 and the valve barrel, ultrasonic vibrator can produce microwave vibrations, can reduce X axle feed screw adjusting part 13 by a wide margin, the inside friction of Y axle feed screw adjusting part 12, make operating personnel more for the silk smooth to the fine setting of cross slip table, it is smooth and easy, more have and feel, through manual accurate control, easily insert the valve barrel with the fixed axle excircle of valve head 7, through the inside and outside circle combination here, the precision of adjusting well of valve barrel 28 valve head 7 axis has been guaranteed. Meanwhile, fine adjustment in the process of combining the inner circle and the outer circle is realized by utilizing the structural arrangement of the valve sleeve, and the alignment precision of the axis of the valve head 7 of the valve sleeve 28 is further improved. After the operator adjusts in place, the Z-axis lead screw adjusting component 3 and the grinding motor 4 are automatically started through the controller, and grinding can be carried out. Wherein, the parameters of grinding time, contact pressure of the valve head 7 of the valve sleeve 28, the grinding round-trip times, the rotating speed of the grinding motor 4 and the like are set, and the controller executes automatically, thereby greatly improving the grinding efficiency. After the grinding is finished, the valve head 7 of the valve sleeve 28 to be ground is replaced by a new valve head 7, so that the high-efficiency quick grinding in batches is realized. The milled valve sleeves 28 and valve heads 7 are placed in pairs of packages.
The valve automatic grinding method utilizes the lapping tool and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, installing a valve head on a valve head lifting grinding assembly, installing a valve seat on a valve seat clamping assembly, coating grinding paste on the valve head, and inputting an alignment requirement into a controller;
s2, after the controller obtains an alignment requirement, controlling the cross sliding table to enable the valve seat clamping assembly to return to an initial position for preliminary axis alignment;
s3, after the axis is preliminarily aligned, generating an axis fine adjustment alignment prompt informing an operator to adjust the cross sliding table, and starting the ultrasonic vibrator; the ultrasonic vibrator can be started by an operator or automatically started by a controller, and the automatic starting of the controller needs to be set in advance. After receiving the prompt of fine adjustment and alignment of the axis of the cross sliding table, an operator manually performs fine adjustment through the knobs of the X-axis lead screw adjusting assembly 13 and the Y-axis lead screw adjusting assembly 12.
S4, after the fine adjustment of the axis is finished, stopping the ultrasonic vibrator, respectively locking the X-axis screw rod adjusting assembly 13 and the Y-axis screw rod adjusting assembly 12, then setting pressure parameters, and controlling the valve head to move downwards to extrude a valve sleeve in the valve seat chuck in the valve head lifting grinding assembly according to the pressure parameters until pressure data detected by the pressure sensor accords with the size of the pressure parameters;
the step S4 further includes the steps of:
s401, after the single grinding time is set, the number of reciprocating grinding times is set, the total grinding time is the product of the number of reciprocating grinding times n and the single grinding time t, and the valve head lifting grinding assembly is controlled to carry out reciprocating grinding up and down according to the single grinding time and the grinding times.
S5, when the pressure data detected by the pressure sensor accords with the magnitude of the pressure parameter, the numerical value of the displacement detection sensor is zeroed, the upward reset distance data of the second sleeve is detected in real time, and the data is displayed in a visual mode through a screen;
s6, after the total grinding time n x t and the opposite grinding round-trip times are reached, stopping the rotation of the grinding motor in the valve head lifting grinding assembly and integrally lifting and resetting, detecting pressure recovery data of opposite grinding completion in real time through a detection pressure sensor in the process, calculating pressure difference delta F of the pressure recovery data and pressure parameters, and calculating the recovery distance delta L = delta F/K of the return spring according to the pressure difference delta F and the elastic coefficient K of the return spring;
and S7, carrying out cross validation on the research amount according to the return distance delta L and the distance data detected by the displacement detection sensor, and outputting a cross validation result.
The foregoing is merely an example of the present invention, and common general knowledge in the field of known specific structures and characteristics is not overly limited herein, and it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention extends beyond the filing date or priority date, and that the present invention may be embodied in a manner that is capable of being carried out using routine experimentation before the filing date. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be defined by the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an automatic system of lapping up of valve class which characterized in that: the device comprises a pair-grinding tool and a controller, wherein the pair-grinding tool comprises a valve head lifting grinding assembly, a valve seat clamping assembly, a cross sliding table and a base, the valve head lifting grinding assembly, the valve seat clamping assembly, the cross sliding table and the base are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, and an ultrasonic vibrator is connected between the cross sliding table and the base; the valve head lifting and grinding assembly, the valve head lifting and grinding assembly and the ultrasonic vibrator are electrically connected with a controller, and the controller comprises the following modules:
the axis alignment module: the cross sliding table is used for acquiring an alignment requirement and controlling the cross sliding table to enable the valve seat clamping assembly to return to an initial position to perform axial line preliminary alignment after the alignment requirement is acquired; the ultrasonic vibrator is also used for generating an axis fine adjustment and alignment prompt after the axis is preliminarily aligned and starting the ultrasonic vibrator;
a lapping and grinding module: the grinding parameters comprise a distance parameter for controlling the valve head to move downwards in the valve head lifting grinding assembly, a grinding rotating speed and grinding time of the valve head; after finishing the axis fine tuning and aligning, grinding the valve seat of the valve seat clamping assembly according to the grinding parameter valve head lifting grinding assembly, and resetting the valve head lifting grinding assembly after grinding.
2. The automatic valve-type lapping system of claim 1, wherein: the valve seat clamping assembly comprises a bottom plate and a shell which is arranged on the upper surface of the bottom plate and is provided with an opening at the upper end, wherein a plurality of layers of sleeves are arranged in the shell, and each plurality of layers of sleeves comprise a first sleeve which is arranged in the shell and is attached to the inner wall of the shell and a second sleeve which is arranged in the first sleeve and is attached to the inner wall of the first sleeve; the valve seat clamping head is characterized by further comprising a third sleeve and a fourth sleeve, wherein the third sleeve is inserted from an opening in the upper part of the second sleeve and provided with a mounting groove for vertically mounting the valve seat clamping head on the inner bottom surface, and an elastic coupling is fixed between the inner bottom surface of the second sleeve and the center of the outer bottom surface of the third sleeve; the fourth sleeve is inserted into and installed from an opening in the upper portion of the third sleeve, and a limiting through hole for the head of the valve seat chuck to penetrate through and limit is formed in the inner bottom surface of the fourth sleeve.
3. An automatic valve lapping system according to claim 2, wherein: a stepped groove is formed in the inner wall of the upper end of the second sleeve, a bearing outer ring is arranged on the stepped groove, a gap is reserved between the bearing outer ring and the stepped groove, a bearing inner ring is mounted on the inner side face of the bearing outer ring in a fitting mode, and the bearing inner ring is sleeved on the outer side face of the third sleeve and is fitted with the third sleeve; the annular groove is formed in the inner side wall of the upper end of the stepped groove, and an elastic buffer ring is arranged in the annular groove and sleeved on the outer wall of the bearing outer ring to fill the gap.
4. An automatic valve-type lapping system according to claim 3, wherein: and an antifriction gasket is arranged between the bottom of the bearing outer ring and the stepped groove.
5. An automatic valve-type lapping system according to claim 4, wherein: leave the headroom between second sleeve bottom and the bottom plate, be equipped with the bearing plate in the headroom, be equipped with reset spring between bearing plate upper surface and the second sleeve bottom surface, be provided with pressure sensor between the bearing plate bottom plate, the controller still includes following module:
for the grinding pressure control module: the valve head lifting and grinding assembly is used for acquiring pressure parameters, controlling the valve head to move downwards in the valve head lifting and grinding assembly according to the pressure parameters and extruding a valve sleeve in the valve seat chuck until pressure data detected by the pressure sensor accords with the pressure parameters.
6. An automatic valve-type lapping system according to claim 5, wherein: the bearing plate is vertically provided with a displacement detection sensor, a detection contact of the displacement detection sensor is abutted against the bottom surface of the second sleeve or is fixed with the second sleeve, and the controller further comprises the following modules:
and a research progress analysis module: and the displacement detection sensor is used for zeroing the numerical value of the displacement detection sensor when the pressure data detected by the pressure sensor accords with the magnitude of the pressure parameter, and detecting the distance data of the upward movement of the second sleeve in real time.
7. The automatic valve-type lapping system of claim 6, wherein: the controller further comprises the following modules:
and a research input quantity cross validation module: the valve head lifting grinding assembly is stopped after the grinding time is up, pressure recovery data of the ground grinding is detected through the detection pressure sensor, the pressure difference between the pressure recovery data and the pressure parameter is calculated, and the recovery distance of the return spring is calculated according to the pressure difference and the elastic coefficient of the return spring; and the system is also used for carrying out cross validation on the grinding amount according to the reply distance and the distance data detected by the displacement detection sensor and outputting a cross validation result.
8. The automatic valve grinding system of claim 7, wherein: the controller further comprises the following modules;
and a reciprocating grinding control module: the device is used for setting the double-grinding round-trip times and the single grinding time and controlling the grinding function and the lifting function of the valve head lifting grinding assembly according to the double-grinding round-trip times and the single grinding time; the total grinding time is the product of the number of round trips and the time of a single grinding.
9. An automatic grinding method for valves is characterized in that: the research tool of any one of the claims 1 to 5 is applied, and specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, after a valve head is installed on a valve head lifting grinding assembly and a valve seat is installed on a valve seat clamping assembly, acquiring an alignment requirement;
s2, after the alignment requirement is obtained, controlling the cross sliding table to enable the valve seat clamping assembly to return to an initial position to conduct axis primary alignment;
s3, after the axis is preliminarily aligned, generating an axis fine-adjustment alignment prompt for informing an operator to adjust the cross sliding table, and starting an ultrasonic vibrator;
s4, after the fine adjustment of the axis is finished, stopping the ultrasonic vibrator, setting pressure parameters, single grinding time, grinding times and the rotating speed of a grinding motor, and automatically controlling the valve head in the valve head lifting grinding assembly to move downwards to extrude a valve sleeve in a valve seat chuck according to the pressure parameters until pressure data detected by a pressure sensor meets the size of the pressure parameters;
s5, when the pressure data detected by the pressure sensor accords with the magnitude of the pressure parameter, the numerical value of the displacement detection sensor is zeroed, the grinding motor is started to start grinding, the upward reset distance data of the second sleeve is detected in real time, and the upward reset distance data is displayed in a visual mode through a screen;
s6, stopping a grinding motor of the valve head lifting grinding assembly and enabling the whole body to ascend and reset after the total grinding time and the opposite grinding round trip times are reached; in the process, pressure recovery data of the grinding and grinding completion is detected through a detection pressure sensor, pressure difference delta F of the pressure recovery data and the pressure parameters is calculated, and the recovery distance delta L = delta F/K of the return spring is calculated according to the pressure difference and the elastic coefficient K of the return spring;
and S7, performing cross validation according to the return distance delta L and the distance data detected by the displacement detection sensor, and outputting a cross validation result.
10. The automatic grinding method for valves according to claim 9, wherein the step S4 further comprises the steps of:
s401, after the single grinding time is set, the number of reciprocating times of lapping is set again, the total grinding time is the product of the number of reciprocating times n and the grinding time t, and the valve head lifting grinding assembly is controlled to carry out reciprocating grinding up and down according to the single grinding time and the grinding times.
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| CN202211234636.3A CN115383561B (en) | 2022-10-10 | 2022-10-10 | Automatic valve lapping system and lapping method thereof |
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