CN115383473A

CN115383473A - Pre-loading type hydrostatic guide rail assembly applied to machine tool and machine tool

Info

Publication number: CN115383473A
Application number: CN202210989404.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄丰强; 姜超; 刘文志; 薛松海; 占稳; 林鸿榕; 陈洪; 吕鹤; 朱亨锋
Original assignee: China National Machinery Institute Group Haixi Fujian Branch Co ltd
Current assignee: China National Machinery Institute Group Haixi Fujian Branch Co ltd
Priority date: 2022-08-17
Filing date: 2022-08-17
Publication date: 2022-11-25
Anticipated expiration: 2042-08-17
Also published as: CN115383473B

Abstract

The application discloses be applied to formula of loading hydrostatic guideway subassembly and lathe of lathe in advance. The pre-loading type hydrostatic guide rail component applied to the machine tool comprises a base, a slide carriage, a throttler and a pre-loading mechanism. The base is provided with a limiting sliding chute; the slide carriage is provided with a limiting lug matched with the limiting sliding groove, the slide carriage is slidably arranged on the base, a liquid storage cavity is arranged on the slide carriage, and a static pressure cavity is arranged on the side surface, close to the limiting sliding groove, of the limiting lug; the throttling device is communicated with the static pressure cavity; the preload mechanism is in communication with the reservoir chamber for delivering liquid to or from the reservoir chamber. The preload type hydrostatic guideway assembly can provide preload, has a simple structure and is more suitable for processing and assembling.

Description

Pre-loading type hydrostatic guide rail assembly applied to machine tool and machine tool

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of machining tools, in particular to a pre-loading type hydrostatic guide rail assembly applied to a machine tool and the machine tool.

Background

A machine tool for processing wood, metal, or polyester materials, etc., mainly includes a bed, a rail assembly slidably mounted on the bed, and a tool structure mounted on the bed or the rail assembly.

In order to improve the machining accuracy and the service life of the machine tool, the guide rail assembly is usually provided as a hydrostatic guide rail assembly. When the hydrostatic guideway component moves, pure liquid friction can be realized by utilizing a high-pressure oil film, and the hydrostatic guideway component has the advantages of small abrasion, high movement precision, long mean time without failure, small driving power, large bearing capacity, good vibration absorption, stable movement and the like, so the hydrostatic guideway component is widely applied to the field of ultra-precise machine tools and is one of key parts of the ultra-precise machine tools, wherein the quality of the rigidity of the hydrostatic guideway component determines the processing precision of the precise ultra-precise machine tools to a great extent.

At present, the common hydrostatic guideway assemblies have two types, an open hydrostatic guideway assembly and a closed hydrostatic guideway assembly: although the structure of the open type hydrostatic guide rail assembly is simple, the oil film pressure is only determined by load, so that the oil film rigidity is lower under small load, the guide rail precision is lower, and the application range is limited. The closed hydrostatic guideway component provides initial preload force in the upper cavity except for load, and compared with the open hydrostatic guideway component, the rigidity of an oil film is greatly improved, but the structure is complex, and the manufacturing and adjustment are difficult, so that the requirement on processing equipment is high, and extremely high requirements are provided for the level of an assembler.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model provides a main aim at provides a be applied to lathe's formula of preloading hydrostatic guideway subassembly and lathe, this formula of preloading hydrostatic guideway subassembly can provide the preloading, and simple structure, more is suitable for processing and equipment.

According to an aspect of an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a preloaded hydrostatic guideway assembly for a machine tool, comprising:

the base is provided with a limiting sliding chute;

the slide carriage is provided with a limiting lug matched with the limiting sliding groove, the slide carriage is slidably arranged on the base, a liquid storage cavity is arranged on the slide carriage, and a static pressure cavity is arranged on the side surface, close to the limiting sliding groove, of the limiting lug;

a restrictor in communication with the hydrostatic pocket; and

a preload mechanism in communication with the reservoir for delivering liquid to or from the reservoir.

Further, the liquid storage cavity is arranged on one side of the slide carriage, which is far away from the base, and the depth of the liquid storage cavity in the thickness direction of the slide carriage is unchanged.

Furthermore, the stock solution chamber is a plurality of, and is a plurality of lay side by side in the stock solution chamber the carriage apron is kept away from one side of base.

Further, the preload type hydrostatic guide rail component applied to the machine tool further comprises a top cover plate, and the top cover plate is arranged at the top of the slide carriage to seal the liquid storage cavity.

Further, be provided with inlet and liquid outlet on the stock solution chamber, the inlet is located the top of stock solution chamber lateral wall, the liquid outlet is located the bottom of stock solution chamber lateral wall.

Further, the preload mechanism includes:

the liquid storage device is used for loading liquid, the liquid inlet is communicated with the liquid storage device through a first pipeline, and the liquid outlet is communicated with the liquid storage device through a second pipeline;

a first hydraulic pump disposed on the first conduit;

the first control valve is arranged on the first pipeline and positioned between the first hydraulic pump and the liquid inlet so as to control the on-off of the first pipeline; and

and the second control valve is arranged on the second pipeline to control the on-off of the second pipeline.

Further, the preloading mechanism further comprises a liquid cooler, and the liquid cooler is communicated with the liquid reservoir to cool the liquid in the liquid reservoir.

Further, be provided with first filter and first manometer on the first pipeline, first filter with first manometer all sets up in first hydraulic pump with between the first control valve.

Furthermore, the limiting bump is a V-shaped block, a plurality of static pressure cavities are arranged on two side wall surfaces of the V-shaped block, and each static pressure cavity is communicated with the throttler.

In another aspect, the invention further provides a machine tool, which is a milling machine tool or a grinding and polishing machine tool, and the machine tool comprises the preloaded hydrostatic guideway assembly.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the application at least has the following technical effects:

because the slide carriage of the hydrostatic guideway component is provided with the liquid storage cavity, the slide carriage is connected with the liquid storage cavity through the preloading mechanism in the actual use process, and then liquid can be conveyed to the liquid storage cavity. That is, the present application provides for the carriage to be loaded to a predetermined load by providing a reservoir and preload mechanism.

When the static pressure guide rail assembly is actually used, a preset load can be applied to the slide carriage before the static pressure guide rail assembly starts to work, and after a workpiece and other structures are installed on the slide carriage, an oil film gap between the slide carriage and the base is relatively stable, so that the rigidity of the static pressure guide rail assembly can be improved, and the static pressure guide rail assembly can replace open and closed static pressure guide rails and can be widely applied to ultra-precision machine tools. Meanwhile, in the application, only the liquid storage cavity is processed on the slide carriage and the corresponding preloading mechanism is arranged to convey and extract liquid, so that the liquid storage cavity is simple in structure and convenient to process and assemble.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the base, carriage and top deck portions of a preloaded hydrostatic guideway assembly as disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a carriage in a preloaded hydrostatic guideway assembly as disclosed in an embodiment of the present application;

fig. 3 is a connection diagram of various structures of a preloaded hydrostatic guideway assembly disclosed in an embodiment of the present application.

Wherein the figures include the following reference numerals:

10. a base; 11. a limiting chute; 20. a slide carriage; 21. a limiting bump; 22. a liquid storage cavity; 221. a liquid inlet; 222. a liquid outlet; 23. a static pressure chamber; 30. a restrictor; 40. a preload mechanism; 41. a reservoir; 42. a first conduit; 43. a second pipe; 44. a first hydraulic pump; 45. a first control valve; 46. a second control valve; 47. a liquid cooling machine; 48. a first filter; 49. a first pressure gauge; 410. a first overflow valve; 50. a top cover plate; 60. an oil tank; 70. a second filter; 80. a second hydraulic pump; 90. a third filter; 100. a second overflow valve; 110. and a second pressure gauge.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

The relative arrangement of the components and steps, the numerical expressions, and numerical values set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the present application unless specifically stated otherwise. Meanwhile, it should be understood that the sizes of the respective portions shown in the drawings are not drawn in an actual proportional relationship for the convenience of description. Techniques, methods, and apparatus known to one of ordinary skill in the relevant art may not be discussed in detail, but are intended to be part of the specification where appropriate. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any particular value should be construed as exemplary only and not as limiting. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be discussed further in subsequent figures.

Referring to fig. 1-3, according to an embodiment of the present application, a preloaded hydrostatic guideway assembly, hereinafter referred to as a hydrostatic guideway assembly, for use in a machine tool is provided. The hydrostatic guideway assembly is particularly suitable for use in a milling machine or a grinding and polishing machine and includes a base 10, a carriage 20, a restrictor 30 and a preload mechanism 40.

Wherein, the base 10 is provided with a limit chute 11; a limiting lug 21 matched with the limiting sliding chute 11 is arranged on the slide carriage 20, the slide carriage 20 is slidably arranged on the base 10, a liquid storage cavity 22 is arranged on the slide carriage 20, and a static pressure cavity 23 is arranged on the side surface of the limiting lug 21 close to the limiting sliding chute 11; the restrictor 30 is communicated with the static pressure cavity 23; preload mechanism 40 is in communication with reservoir chamber 22 for delivering liquid to reservoir chamber 22 or for delivering liquid from reservoir chamber 22.

Since the slide carriage 20 of the hydrostatic guideway assembly in this embodiment is provided with the reservoir 22, in the actual use process, the liquid can be delivered to the reservoir 22 by connecting the preloading mechanism 40 with the reservoir 22. That is, the present application contemplates applying a predetermined load to the carriage 20 by providing the reservoir 22 and the preload mechanism 40.

When the hydrostatic guideway assembly is actually used, a preset load can be applied to the slide carriage 20 before the hydrostatic guideway starts to work, and after a workpiece and other structures are installed on the slide carriage 20, an oil film gap between the slide carriage 20 and the base 10 is relatively stable, so that the rigidity of the hydrostatic guideway assembly in the embodiment can be improved, and the hydrostatic guideway assembly can be widely applied to ultra-precision machine tools instead of open type and closed type hydrostatic guideways. Meanwhile, in the application, only the liquid storage cavity 22 is processed on the slide carriage 20 and the corresponding preloading mechanism 40 is arranged for conveying and extracting the liquid, so that the structure is simple, and the processing and the assembly are convenient.

Specifically, the base 10 in this embodiment is a plate-shaped structure, the limiting sliding grooves 11 are disposed on the upper surface of the base 10, the limiting sliding grooves 11 may be one, two, or more than two, and are designed and selected according to actual use and limiting requirements, and fig. 1 in this embodiment shows a case where the limiting sliding grooves 11 are disposed in two. Correspondingly, one, two or more than two limiting lugs 21 can be arranged on the slide carriage 20, and fig. 1 in the embodiment shows the case where there are two limiting lugs 21. The slide carriage 20 can be effectively limited and supported through the matching of the two limiting lugs 21 and the two limiting sliding grooves 11.

Further, the slide carriage 20 in this embodiment is a substantially rectangular plate-shaped structure, and the limiting protrusion 21 is a V-shaped block disposed at the bottom of the slide carriage 20, it can be understood that the V-shaped block is a V-shaped block-shaped structure when viewed from the side, as shown in fig. 1. A plurality of hydrostatic pockets 23 are provided on both side wall surfaces (i.e., left and right side surfaces in fig. 1) of the V-block, and each hydrostatic pocket 23 is communicated with the restrictor 30. It is understood that the restrictor 30 in this embodiment is an integrated structure, each hydrostatic pocket 23 is communicated with the restrictor 30, and the pressure and flow rate of the oil entering the hydrostatic pocket 23 can be adjusted by the restrictor 30, so as to further ensure the rigidity of the hydrostatic guideway assembly in this embodiment.

Optionally, the reservoir 22 in this embodiment is disposed on a side of the carriage 20 away from the base 10, and the depth of the reservoir 22 in the thickness direction of the carriage 20 is not changed. That is, the depth of each part of the reservoir 22 in the thickness direction of the carriage 20 is constant, and the bottom surface of the reservoir 22 is a flat surface. By making the depth of the reservoir chamber 22 in the thickness direction of the slide carriage 20 constant, after the liquid is fed into the reservoir chamber 22, the load applied by the liquid to each part of the bottom surface of the reservoir chamber 22 is equal, so that the slide carriage 20 can be prevented from being deflected due to an excessive load applied to a certain part, the rigidity of the hydrostatic guideway assembly in the embodiment can be ensured, and the machining accuracy and the service life of the machine tool can be effectively improved.

Optionally, the stock solution cavity 22 can be provided as one or a plurality of stock solution cavities, in this embodiment, it is preferable to provide a plurality of stock solution cavities 22, and the plurality of stock solution cavities 22 are laid side by side on the side of the slide carriage 20 away from the base 10. For example, the liquid storage chambers 22 in the present embodiment may be provided in two, three, four, or more than four. Fig. 2 of this embodiment shows six reservoirs 22. By arranging a plurality of liquid storage cavities 22, in the process of actual use, liquid can be conveyed into different liquid storage cavities 22 according to the assembly and processing conditions of all positions of the slide carriage 20 so as to apply preset loads to different positions of the slide carriage 20, thus the flatness of the upper surface of the slide carriage 20 can be ensured, and the processing precision of workpieces can be improved.

Further, each reservoir cavity 22 in this embodiment is provided with a liquid inlet 221 and a liquid outlet 222, wherein the liquid inlet 221 is located at the top of the side wall of the reservoir cavity 22, that is, at the highest position of the reservoir cavity 22, and the liquid outlet 222 is located at the bottom of the side wall of the reservoir cavity 22, that is, at the lowest position of the reservoir cavity 22, so as to facilitate filling and discharging of the liquid in the reservoir cavity 22. In the present embodiment, the liquid may be oil, water or other fluid medium, and any other medium may be used as long as it can be filled in the reservoir 22 to apply preload to the slide carriage 20, and the present application is not particularly limited.

To seal the reservoir 22, the hydrostatic guideway assembly of this embodiment further includes a top cover plate 50, the top cover plate 50 being disposed on top of the carriage 20 so that the reservoir 22 may be sealed. Optionally, a sealing ring or the like may be disposed between the top cover plate 50 and the slide carriage 20 to further improve the sealing performance of the reservoir 22.

Referring again to fig. 1-3, preload mechanism 40 in this embodiment includes a reservoir 41, a first hydraulic pump 44, a first control valve 45, and a second control valve 46. Wherein, the liquid reservoir 41 is used for loading liquid, the liquid inlet 221 is communicated with the liquid reservoir 41 through a first pipeline 42, and the liquid outlet 222 is communicated with the liquid reservoir 41 through a second pipeline 43; a first hydraulic pump 44 is disposed on the first pipe 42, and facilitates pumping the liquid in the reservoir 41 to the first pipe 42; the first control valve 45 is arranged on the first pipeline 42 and is positioned between the first hydraulic pump 44 and the liquid inlet 221 so as to control the on-off of the first pipeline 42; a second control valve 46 is provided on the second pipe 43 to control the opening and closing of the second pipe 43. Alternatively, the first control valve 45 and the second control valve 46 in the present embodiment are each an electromagnetic directional valve. The cooperative control action of the first hydraulic pump 44, the first control valve 45 and the second control valve 46 facilitates the liquid to be input into or discharged from the liquid storage chamber 22, and the liquid storage device is simple in structure and convenient to assemble and disassemble.

Further, be provided with first filter 48 and first manometer 49 on the first pipeline 42, first filter 48 and first manometer 49 all set up between first hydraulic pump 44 and first control valve 45, through the effect of first filter 48, are convenient for filter the liquid that gets into stock solution chamber 22, through the effect of first manometer 49, are convenient for monitor the pressure of the liquid that gets into in the stock solution chamber 22.

Further, the preload mechanism 40 further includes a first relief valve 410, an inlet end of the first relief valve 410 is connected to the first pipe 42, an outlet end of the first relief valve 410 is communicated with the reservoir 41, and a connection position of the inlet end of the first relief valve 410 and the first pipe 42 is located between the first strainer 48 and the first hydraulic pump 44, so that the operation stability of the preload mechanism 40 can be improved by the action of the first relief valve 410.

Further, preload mechanism 40 also includes a liquid chiller 47, with liquid chiller 47 being in communication with reservoir 41 to cool the liquid in reservoir 41. The liquid is cooled to 20 deg.C (which can be adjusted according to actual conditions) in the liquid storage 41 by the liquid cooling machine 47, and then pressurized by the first hydraulic pump 44 through the first control valve 45 to enter the corresponding liquid storage cavity 22 on the slide carriage 20 from the liquid inlet 221. The cooling liquid in the reservoir chamber 22 is returned to the reservoir 41 through the liquid outlet 222 via the second control valve 46.

In use, the amount of cooling fluid in the fluid reservoir 22 is adjusted by controlling the opening and closing times and the opening and closing states of the first control valve 45 and the second control valve 46, so that the hydrostatic guideway assembly forms a variable-adjustment-shape preload hydrostatic guideway by applying a required preload force to the hydrostatic guideway assembly.

Further, the hydrostatic guideway assembly in the present embodiment is further provided with an oil tank 60, a second filter 70, a second hydraulic pump 80, a third filter 90, a second relief valve 100, and a second pressure gauge 110. The connection relationship among the oil tank 60, the second filter 70, the second hydraulic pump 80, the third filter 90, the second overflow valve 100 and the second pressure gauge 110 can be seen in fig. 3, the oil in the oil tank 60 can be filtered by the second filter 70, and then pumped to the choke 30 by the second hydraulic pump 80. A third filter 90 and a second pressure gauge 110 are arranged between the second filter 70 and the restrictor 30, so that the oil can be filtered again and the pressure can be detected, and the two ends of the second overflow valve 100 are respectively connected with the oil tank 60, the second hydraulic pump 80 and the restrictor 30 through pipelines, so that the working stability of the hydraulic oil circuit can be further improved.

The structure of the hydrostatic track assembly in connection with the present invention may be found in:

before the hydrostatic guideway assembly starts to work, the liquid cooler 47 and the first hydraulic pump 44 are firstly started, at this time, the first control valve 45 at the liquid inlet 221 is controlled to be opened by the main machine of the machine tool, the second control valve 46 at the liquid outlet 222 side is temporarily in a closed state, the cooling liquid is injected into the liquid storage cavity 22 until the gravity of the cooling liquid injected into the liquid storage cavity 22 reaches the preload force required by the originally designed hydrostatic guideway, at this time, the second control valve 46 at the liquid outlet 222 side is opened, the cooling liquid is in circulation, and the slide carriage 20 is cooled.

When the hydrostatic guideway assembly is in a working state, a workpiece is additionally arranged on the slide carriage 20, and due to different workpiece masses and different machining positions, pressure on the slide carriage 20 is unevenly distributed, and the oil film gap between each hydrostatic cavity 23 and the base 10 is influenced when the pressure is applied to the hydrostatic cavity 23. At this moment, the host can read the pressure of each static pressure cavity 23, and the pressure of each static pressure cavity 23 is homogenized by adjusting the amount of cooling oil in the liquid storage cavity 22 at the upper end of each static pressure cavity 23, so that the consistency of an oil film gap between the slide carriage 20 and the base 10 can be ensured, the surface flatness of the slide carriage 20 can be ensured, and the processing quality of workpieces can be ensured.

The amount of initial cooling oil in reservoir chamber 22 is determined by calculating the amount of preload force provided, and hydrostatic chamber 23 is sized based on the amount of load and oil pressure, among other factors.

The hydrostatic guideway assembly can be always kept in the state of optimal rigidity by adjusting the amount of cooling oil in the liquid storage cavity 22, and meanwhile, the mass range of the hydrostatic guideway pair for bearing workpieces is also increased.

On the other hand, the embodiment of the present invention further discloses a machine tool, which may be a milling machine tool or a grinding and polishing machine tool, and the machine tool includes the preloaded hydrostatic guideway assembly in the above embodiment, so that the machine tool in this embodiment includes all the technical effects of the preloaded hydrostatic guideway assembly, and since the technical effects of the preloaded hydrostatic guideway assembly have been described in detail in the foregoing, the details are not described here again.

From the above description, it can be seen that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application achieve the following technical effects:

1. the invention provides preloading force for the hydrostatic guideway component by controlling the amount of cooling liquid filled into the liquid storage cavity, can improve the rigidity of the guideway, and can replace open and closed hydrostatic guideways to be widely applied to ultra-precise processing machines.

2. The liquid storage cavity is arranged on the slide carriage, so that the volume and space can be reasonably utilized.

3. According to the invention, the liquid storage cavity cooling liquid circulating mechanism is additionally arranged on the slide carriage, so that the slide carriage can be cooled, the slide carriage is always kept at a constant temperature in the part processing process, and the processing error caused by temperature change is avoided.

4. When the slide carriage is additionally provided with a workpiece, the main machine can read the pressure of each static pressure cavity through the pressure sensor, and can homogenize the pressure of each static pressure cavity by adjusting the amount of cooling liquid in liquid storage cavities at the upper ends of different static pressure cavities, so that the consistency of the whole oil film gap between the slide carriage and the base is ensured, the surface flatness of the slide carriage can be further ensured, and the purpose of ensuring the processing quality of the workpiece is finally achieved.

For ease of description, spatially relative terms such as "over 8230 \ 8230;,"' over 8230;, \8230; upper surface "," above ", etc. may be used herein to describe the spatial relationship of one device or feature to another device or feature as shown in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if a device in the figures is turned over, devices described as "above" or "on" other devices or configurations would then be oriented "below" or "under" the other devices or configurations. Thus, the exemplary terms "at 8230; \8230; 'above" may include both orientations "at 8230; \8230;' above 8230; 'at 8230;' below 8230;" above ". The device may be otherwise variously oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.

It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like are used to define the components, and are only used for convenience of distinguishing the corresponding components, and the terms have no special meanings unless otherwise stated, so that the scope of the present application is not to be construed as being limited.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A preloaded hydrostatic guideway assembly for a machine tool, comprising:

the device comprises a base (10), wherein a limiting sliding groove (11) is arranged on the base (10);

the sliding plate (20) is provided with a limiting convex block (21) matched with the limiting sliding groove (11), the sliding plate (20) is slidably arranged on the base (10), a liquid storage cavity (22) is arranged on the sliding plate (20), and a static pressure cavity (23) is arranged on the side face, close to the limiting sliding groove (11), of the limiting convex block (21);

a restrictor (30), said restrictor (30) communicating with said hydrostatic chamber (23); and

a preload mechanism (40), said preload mechanism (40) in communication with said reservoir (22) for delivering liquid to said reservoir (22) or for delivering liquid from said reservoir (22).

2. The pre-load hydrostatic guideway assembly according to claim 1, wherein the reservoir (22) is disposed on a side of the carriage (20) away from the base (10), and the depth of the reservoir (22) in the thickness direction of the carriage (20) is constant.

3. The pre-loaded hydrostatic guideway assembly applied to a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the reservoir (22) is a plurality of reservoirs, and a plurality of reservoirs (22) are laid side by side on the side of the slide carriage (20) far away from the base (10).

4. The pre-load hydrostatic guideway assembly for machine tools of claim 1, further comprising a top cover plate (50), the top cover plate (50) being disposed on top of the carriage (20) to seal the reservoir chamber (22).

5. The pre-loaded hydrostatic guideway assembly applied to a machine tool according to claim 1, wherein the reservoir chamber (22) is provided with a liquid inlet (221) and a liquid outlet (222), the liquid inlet (221) is located at the top of the side wall of the reservoir chamber (22), and the liquid outlet (222) is located at the bottom of the side wall of the reservoir chamber (22).

6. The pre-load hydrostatic guideway assembly for machine tools of claim 5, wherein the preload mechanism (40) comprises:

a reservoir (41), the reservoir (41) being adapted to be filled with a liquid, the liquid inlet (221) being in communication with the reservoir (41) via a first conduit (42), the liquid outlet (222) being in communication with the reservoir (41) via a second conduit (43);

a first hydraulic pump (44), the first hydraulic pump (44) being disposed on the first conduit (42);

the first control valve (45) is arranged on the first pipeline (42) and is positioned between the first hydraulic pump (44) and the liquid inlet (221) to control the on-off of the first pipeline (42); and

a second control valve (46), wherein the second control valve (46) is arranged on the second pipeline (43) to control the on-off of the second pipeline (43).

7. The preload hydrostatic guide assembly for application to a machine tool as claimed in claim 6, wherein said preload mechanism (40) further comprises a liquid cooler (47), said liquid cooler (47) communicating with said reservoir (41) to cool the liquid in said reservoir (41).

8. The pre-load hydrostatic guideway assembly for machine tools according to claim 6, wherein a first filter (48) and a first pressure gauge (49) are disposed on the first conduit (42), and the first filter (48) and the first pressure gauge (49) are disposed between the first hydraulic pump (44) and the first control valve (45).

9. The preload type hydrostatic guideway assembly applied to a machine tool according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the limit projection (21) is a V-shaped block, a plurality of hydrostatic cavities (23) are provided on both side wall surfaces of the V-shaped block, and each hydrostatic cavity (23) is communicated with the restrictor (30).

10. A machine tool which is a milling machine or a grinding and polishing machine, characterized in that it comprises a preloaded hydrostatic guideway assembly of any of claims 1-9.