CN115382579B - Acetylene copper chloride catalyst and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents

Acetylene copper chloride catalyst and preparation method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN115382579B
CN115382579B CN202211065826.7A CN202211065826A CN115382579B CN 115382579 B CN115382579 B CN 115382579B CN 202211065826 A CN202211065826 A CN 202211065826A CN 115382579 B CN115382579 B CN 115382579B
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acetylene
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copper
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CN115382579A (en
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张彬
李武斌
李安静
何家明
赵应黔
冯琴
王勇
郑义
杨宏志
李庆
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Guizhou Gravity Technology Environmental Protection Co ltd
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
    • B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
    • B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
    • B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
    • B01J31/181—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine
    • B01J31/1815—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. bipyridyl, 2-aminopyridine
    • B01J31/182—Cyclic ligands, including e.g. non-condensed polycyclic ligands, comprising at least one complexing nitrogen atom as ring member, e.g. pyridine with more than one complexing nitrogen atom, e.g. bipyridyl, 2-aminopyridine comprising aliphatic or saturated rings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/20—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state
    • B01J35/23—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their non-solid state in a colloidal state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/391—Physical properties of the active metal ingredient
    • B01J35/394—Metal dispersion value, e.g. percentage or fraction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0201—Impregnation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C17/00—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C07C17/07—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides
    • C07C17/08—Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by addition of hydrogen halides to unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2231/30—Addition reactions at carbon centres, i.e. to either C-C or C-X multiple bonds
    • B01J2231/32—Addition reactions to C=C or C-C triple bonds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
    • B01J2531/10—Complexes comprising metals of Group I (IA or IB) as the central metal
    • B01J2531/16—Copper
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
    • Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a copper chloride-N-chlorosuccinimide/carbon catalyst, which is prepared by adopting a dipping-drying mode and comprises the advantages of no environmental pollution, high dispersity, high catalytic conversion rate, high selectivity and low cost.

Description

Acetylene copper chloride catalyst and preparation method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of catalysts, and particularly relates to a catalyst for addition reaction of acetylene and hydrogen chloride.
Background
PVC, namely polyvinyl chloride, is a polymer material obtained by polymerization reaction of vinyl chloride, and the main production method is a calcium carbide method and an ethylene method, and is limited by the 'coal more oil less' resource structure of China, about 75% of polyvinyl chloride production in China adopts the calcium carbide method, the calcium carbide method adopts a mercury chloride catalyst to carry out catalytic reaction, the mercury chloride catalyst consists of highly toxic substances of mercury chloride and carrier activated carbon, the mercury chloride can cause acute mercury poisoning, the symptoms of corroding digestive tracts are caused, kidney damage is generated after absorption, and urine closure and capillary vessel damage are caused, plasma loss is even shock.
In order to further strengthen the emission control of the heavy metal pollutants, effectively prevent and control the environmental risks related to the heavy metal, an opinion is formulated about further strengthening the prevention and control of the heavy metal pollutants, wherein the heavy metal pollutants with important prevention and control are lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium, arsenic, thallium and antimony, and the total amount of the emission of the five important heavy metal pollutants of lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium and arsenic is controlled. The key industry is 6 industries of heavy nonferrous metal ore mining and selecting industry (copper, lead zinc, nickel cobalt, tin, antimony and mercury ore mining and selecting industry, copper, lead zinc, nickel cobalt, tin, antimony and mercury smelting industry), lead storage battery manufacturing industry, electroplating industry, chemical raw material and chemical product manufacturing industry (calcium carbide method polyvinyl chloride manufacturing, chromium salt manufacturing, zinc inorganic compound industry taking industrial solid waste as raw material), leather tanning industry and the like.
The patent No. 201810682086.9 discloses a copper-based catalyst for synthesizing chloroethylene by hydrochlorination of acetylene, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) combining a copper salt with a compound of formula
Figure SMS_1
(R is C 2 ～C 6 Oxygen-containing polar groups) are dissolved in water to prepare a mixed solution; (2) adding activated carbon into the mixed solution obtained in the step (1) for soaking; (3) filtering, draining, heating and drying the activated carbon obtained in the step (2) to obtain the copper-based catalyst, wherein the patent number 202010148485.4 discloses a metal complex catalyst for catalyzing acetylene hydrochlorination, and the metal complex catalyst is formed by coordination of central atom metal and a ligand; the central atom metal is Au, pt, ru or Cu, and the ligand is polyimide [ - (C=O) -NH- (C=O) & lt/EN & gt]Organic ligands of the structure. The above two patents have the following problems as the prior art of the present invention: the substituent of nitrogen element on the amide of the invention with the patent number of 201810682086.9 is a carbon-containing group, the carbon-containing group is connected with the nitrogen element, the polarity is poor, the breaking of chemical bonds in hydrogen chloride molecules and the activation of hydrogen chloride are not facilitated when acetylene reacts with hydrogen chloride, the nitrogen element on the imide of the patent number of 202010148485.4 is linked with hydrogen atoms, the problems of polarity difference and the activation of hydrogen chloride are also solved, the breaking of chemical bonds in the hydrogen chloride molecules is not facilitated when acetylene reacts with hydrogen chloride, and the addition reaction of acetylene and hydrogen chloride is catalyzed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an acetylene copper hydroxide catalyst, a preparation method and application thereof. The catalyst of the invention has the advantages of no environmental pollution, high dispersivity, high catalytic conversion rate, high selectivity and low cost.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a copper ethyne hydrochlorination catalyst comprising an N-chlorosuccinimide.
The catalyst for the acetylene copper hydroxide is composed of CuCl2 and a ligand N-chlorosuccinimide.
According to the acetylene copper hydroxide catalyst, the ratio of CuCl2 to ligand N-chlorosuccinimide is 1-35:1-15 in parts by weight.
The carrier of the catalyst is active carbon.
The acetylene copper chloride catalyst comprises, by weight, 1-15 parts of CuCl21-35 parts of N-chlorosuccinimide and the balance of carrier activated carbon.
The acetylene copper chloride catalyst comprises, by weight, 25-25 parts of CuCl, 6-10 parts of N-chlorosuccinimide and the balance of carrier activated carbon.
The preparation method of the acetylene copper hydroxide catalyst comprises the following steps,
(a) Adding CuCl2 and N-chlorosuccinimide into a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with the pH less than or equal to 1, and uniformly mixing to obtain a product A;
(b) Mixing the product A with 10-11 parts of water according to parts by weight, and diluting to obtain a product B;
(c) Impregnating the carrier active carbon by using the product B to obtain a product C;
(d) And (3) carrying out stepwise heating drying on the C product at 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃ and 100 ℃ respectively, volatilizing hydrochloric acid and water, and obtaining the acetylene copper chloride catalyst.
The preparation method of the acetylene copper chloride catalyst comprises the step-type heating and drying of product C at 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃ and 100 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the catalyst.
The application of the acetylene hydrochlorination catalyst is used for the addition reaction of acetylene and hydrogen chloride.
The application of the acetylene hydrochlorination catalyst and the application of the N-chlorosuccinimide in preparing the acetylene copper hydrochlorination catalyst.
Further, the temperature of the catalyst is 100-180 ℃, the mol ratio of acetylene to hydrogen chloride is 1:1.05-1.1, and the space velocity flow rate of acetylene in industrial production is 15-50h -1 。
Further, the catalyst can be used in a front-to-back converter that does not tip over; the method can also be filled in the background converter first, and when the background conversion rate is less than 97%, the method can be filled in the foreground converter for continuous use under the protection of nitrogen.
Compared with the prior art, (1) the catalyst does not contain mercury element, so that the problem of mercury pollution in the calcium carbide polyvinyl chloride industry is effectively solved, and the product has no pollution to the environment;
(2) the N-chlorosuccinimide and the cupric ions undergo coordination reaction, which is beneficial to improving the dispersity of copper elements and stabilizing the cupric ions;
(3) the addition of the N-chlorosuccinimide is beneficial to improving the adsorption of the copper catalyst to the hydrogen chloride, the chlorine element has stronger energy of adsorbing electron pairs, the polarity is enhanced, the hydrogen chloride gas serving as a raw material is preferentially activated, the breaking of H-Cl bonds in the hydrogen chloride is accelerated, and the addition reaction of the hydrogen chloride and acetylene molecules is accelerated.
(4) The N-chlorosuccinimide is added, so that the polarity is strong, hydrogen chloride gas is preferentially adsorbed, the problem of carbon deposition of acetylene and vinyl chloride monomers on a copper catalyst is avoided, and the service life is long.
(5) CuCl in the catalyst 2 And the ligand N-chlorosuccinimide is impregnated under the condition of solution dilution, the thinner concentration helps to improve the dispersity of the catalyst, namely, the catalytic active component is supported on the carrier in a nano-scale size, rather than in a cluster form.
(6) The dilution and distribution impregnation of the impregnation liquid can increase the number of active sites of the catalytic active components on the carrier active carbon and increase the catalytic conversion rate.
The initial catalytic conversion rate of the catalyst can reach more than 99.3 percent, the selectivity can reach more than 99.7 percent, and the service life can reach more than 9000 hours through experiments.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples and comparative examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
Examples.
A copper ethyne hydrochlorination catalyst comprising an N-chlorosuccinimide.
The catalyst for the acetylene copper hydroxide is composed of CuCl2 and a ligand N-chlorosuccinimide.
According to the acetylene copper hydroxide catalyst, the ratio of CuCl2 to ligand N-chlorosuccinimide is 1-35:1-15 in parts by weight.
The carrier of the catalyst is active carbon.
The acetylene copper chloride catalyst comprises, by weight, 1-15 parts of CuCl21-35 parts of N-chlorosuccinimide and the balance of carrier activated carbon.
The acetylene copper chloride catalyst comprises, by weight, 25-25 parts of CuCl, 6-10 parts of N-chlorosuccinimide and the balance of carrier activated carbon.
The preparation method of the acetylene copper hydroxide catalyst comprises the following steps,
(a) Adding CuCl2 and N-chlorosuccinimide into a hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with the pH less than or equal to 1, and uniformly mixing to obtain a product A;
(b) Mixing the product A with 10-11 parts of water according to parts by weight, and diluting to obtain a product B;
(c) Impregnating the carrier active carbon by using the product B to obtain a product C;
(d) And (3) carrying out stepwise heating drying on the C product at 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃ and 100 ℃ respectively, volatilizing hydrochloric acid and water, and obtaining the acetylene copper chloride catalyst.
The preparation method of the acetylene copper chloride catalyst comprises the step-type heating and drying of product C at 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃ and 100 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain the catalyst.
The application of the acetylene hydrochlorination catalyst is used for the addition reaction of acetylene and hydrogen chloride.
The application of the acetylene hydrochlorination catalyst and the application of the N-chlorosuccinimide in preparing the acetylene copper hydrochlorination catalyst.
Further, the temperature of the catalyst is 100-180 ℃, the mol ratio of acetylene to hydrogen chloride is 1:1.05-1.1, and the space velocity flow rate of acetylene in industrial production is 15-50h -1 。
Further, the catalyst is filled in the background converter first, and when the background conversion rate is less than 97%, the catalyst is turned over to be used in the foreground converter continuously, and when the foreground conversion rate is less than 70%, the catalyst is regarded as the end of the service life.
Example 1
A copper catalyst for hydrochlorination of acetylene contains CuCl in each hundred parts by weight 2 ·2H 2 O40 parts, N-chlorosuccinimide 15 parts and the balance of carrier active carbon.
(a) CuCl is added 2 Adding N-chlorosuccinimide into hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with pH less than or equal to 1, and uniformly mixing to obtain a product A;
(b) Dividing the product A into 10-11 equal parts, and diluting to obtain product B;
(c) Impregnating the carrier active carbon by using the product B to obtain a product C;
(d) And (3) carrying out stepwise heating drying on the C product at 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃ and 100 ℃ respectively, and volatilizing hydrochloric acid and water to obtain the acetylene copper chloride catalyst.
The catalyst prepared from the raw materials in parts by weight is used for the addition reaction of acetylene and hydrogen chloride, and the space flow rate of the acetylene is 25h -1 The molecular ratio of acetylene to hydrogen chloride is 1:1.15 measurementThe initial catalytic conversion was set to 99.3%, the selectivity was 99.8% and the service life was a total of 9048 hours.
Example 2
A copper catalyst for hydrochlorination of acetylene contains CuCl in each hundred parts by weight 2 ·2H 2 O35 parts, N-chlorosuccinimide 12 parts and the balance of carrier active carbon.
(a) CuCl is added 2 Adding N-chlorosuccinimide into hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with pH less than or equal to 1, and uniformly mixing to obtain a product A;
(b) Dividing the product A into 10-11 equal parts, and diluting to obtain product B;
(c) Impregnating the carrier active carbon by using the product B to obtain a product C;
(d) And (3) carrying out stepwise heating drying on the C product at 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃ and 100 ℃ respectively, and volatilizing hydrochloric acid and water to obtain the acetylene copper chloride catalyst.
The catalyst prepared from the raw materials in parts by weight is used for the addition reaction of acetylene and hydrogen chloride, and the space flow rate of the acetylene is 25h -1 The molecular ratio of acetylene to hydrogen chloride is 1: under the condition of 1.15, the initial catalytic conversion rate is 99.5 percent, the selectivity is 99.8 percent and the service life is 9120 hours.
Example 3
A copper catalyst for hydrochlorination of acetylene contains CuCl in each hundred parts by weight 2 ·2H 2 30 parts of O, 10 parts of N-chlorosuccinimide and the balance of carrier activated carbon.
(a) CuCl is added 2 Adding N-chlorosuccinimide into hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with pH less than or equal to 1, and uniformly mixing to obtain a product A;
(b) Dividing the product A into 10-11 equal parts, and diluting to obtain product B;
(c) Impregnating the carrier active carbon by using the product B to obtain a product C;
(d) And (3) carrying out stepwise heating drying on the C product at 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃ and 100 ℃ respectively, and volatilizing hydrochloric acid and water to obtain the acetylene copper chloride catalyst.
The catalyst prepared from the raw materials in parts by weight is used for the addition reaction of acetylene and hydrogen chloride, and the space flow velocity of the acetylene is 20h -1 The molecular ratio of acetylene to hydrogen chloride is 1: under the condition of 1.15, the initial catalytic conversion rate is 99.8%, the selectivity is 99.7% and the service life is 9240 hours.
Table 1 shows the use of catalysts S1-S3
Catalyst Space velocity (h) -1 ） Initial conversion (%) Selectivity (%) Service life (h)
S1 25 99.3 99.8 9048
S2 25 99.5 99.8 9120
S3 20 99.8 99.7 9240

Claims (7)

1. The acetylene copper chloride catalyst is characterized in that: the catalyst comprises N-chlorosuccinimide; the catalyst is composed of CuCl 2 And the ligand N-chlorosuccinimide.
2. The copper ethyne hydrochlorination catalyst of claim 1, wherein the catalyst is the CuCl in parts by weight 2 And the proportion of the ligand N-chlorosuccinimide is 1 to 35:1-15.
3. The copper ethyne hydrochlorination catalyst according to claim 2, wherein the carrier of the catalyst is activated carbon.
4. The copper ethyne hydrochlorination catalyst of claim 3, wherein the catalyst comprises, in parts by weight, cuCl in each hundred parts 2 5-25 parts of N-chlorosuccinimide, 6-10 parts of carrier active carbon and the balance of carrier active carbon.
5. The method for preparing the copper ethyne hydrochlorination catalyst according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps,
(a) CuCl is added 2 Adding N-chlorosuccinimide into hydrochloric acid aqueous solution with pH less than or equal to 1, and uniformly mixing to obtain a product A;
(b) Mixing the product A with 10-11 parts of water according to parts by weight, and diluting to obtain a product B;
(c) Impregnating the carrier active carbon by using the product B to obtain a product C;
(d) And (3) carrying out stepwise heating drying on the C product at 50 ℃, 60 ℃, 70 ℃, 80 ℃, 90 ℃ and 100 ℃ respectively, volatilizing hydrochloric acid and water, and obtaining the acetylene copper chloride catalyst.
6. The method for preparing an acetylene hydrochlorination catalyst according to claim 5, wherein: the product C is prepared by stepwise heating and drying at 50deg.C, 60deg.C, 70deg.C, 80deg.C, 90deg.C and 100deg.C for 2 hr to obtain the final product.
7. The use of an acetylene hydrochlorination catalyst according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that it is used for the addition reaction of acetylene with hydrogen chloride.
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