CN115381557A - Real-time correction method and system for pose of end tool and surgical robot - Google Patents

Real-time correction method and system for pose of end tool and surgical robot Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115381557A
CN115381557A CN202211078486.1A CN202211078486A CN115381557A CN 115381557 A CN115381557 A CN 115381557A CN 202211078486 A CN202211078486 A CN 202211078486A CN 115381557 A CN115381557 A CN 115381557A
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China
Prior art keywords
pose
tool
initial
active
end tool
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CN202211078486.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陈龙
曾致贤
罗彩连
陈超民
谢强
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Wuhan United Imaging Zhirong Medical Technology Co Ltd
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Wuhan United Imaging Zhirong Medical Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202211078486.1A priority Critical patent/CN115381557A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B34/00—Computer-aided surgery; Manipulators or robots specially adapted for use in surgery
    • A61B34/30—Surgical robots
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4603—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
    • A61F2/4609—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of acetabular cups
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4657—Measuring instruments used for implanting artificial joints

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention discloses a real-time correction method and a real-time correction system for the pose of an end tool and a surgical robot, wherein the method comprises the following steps: recording the pose of the active follow-up area and the pose of the end tool when the recording signal is detected; when a pose following signal is detected, taking the corresponding relation between the latest recorded pose of the active following area and the pose of the end tool as the initial pose corresponding relation between the end tool and the corresponding active following area; acquiring initial pose offset corresponding to the initial pose corresponding relation between the terminal tool and the corresponding active follow-up area; when the pose of the active follow-up area is detected to change, acquiring the object pose offset of the active follow-up area; and controlling the motion of the terminal tool according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset, so that the pose corresponding relation between the terminal tool and the active follow-up area is restored to the initial pose corresponding relation. The problem of there is the position appearance adjustment accuracy lower in manual adjustment terminal instrument position appearance is solved.

Description

Real-time correction method and system for pose of end tool and surgical robot
The invention relates to a divisional application of an invention patent application with the application number of 202110778767.7, the application date of the original application file is 2021, 07, 09, and the invention is named as a real-time correction method and system of the pose of an end tool and a surgical robot.
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of medical equipment, in particular to a method and a system for correcting the pose of a terminal tool in real time and a surgical robot.
Background
The aim of total hip replacement is to replace a diseased hip joint with a joint prosthesis, and the requirement of the operation is that the installation pose of the prosthesis should be as accurate as possible, such as the installation position, abduction angle and anteversion angle of the joint prosthesis (i.e. acetabular cup), of course, the actual situation also needs to be determined according to the physiological structure of a patient and is usually determined by preoperative planning.
In actual hip replacement, in order to accurately drive the acetabular cup into the acetabular socket, it is necessary to maintain the central axis of the acetabular cup and the central axis of the acetabular socket (abbreviated as acetabular socket) in alignment during the cup driving process. However, when a doctor performs a cup-making operation, the acetabular cup interacts with the acetabular socket, and the posture of the acetabular socket is changed due to the action of the acetabular cup, so that the central axis of the acetabular cup is not coincident with the central axis of the acetabular cup any more. Therefore, in order to ensure the cup beating accuracy, the posture of the acetabular cup needs to be adjusted after the cup beating operation is performed each time, and the adjusted central axis of the acetabular cup is coincided with the central axis of the acetabular fossa again.
Therefore, in the prior art, a doctor can only manually adjust the pose of the end tool by means of clinical experience to deal with the change of the pose of the hip joint, the pose adjustment efficiency is low, and the low pose adjustment efficiency prolongs the whole operation time of the hip joint replacement.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a real-time correction method and system for the pose of a terminal tool and a surgical robot, and solves the problem that in the prior art, a doctor can only manually adjust the pose of the terminal tool by means of clinical experience to deal with the change of the pose of a hip joint.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for correcting a pose of an end-point tool in real time, including:
acquiring initial pose offset corresponding to the initial pose corresponding relation between the terminal tool and the corresponding active follow-up area;
when the change of the pose of the active follow-up area is detected, acquiring the object pose offset of the active follow-up area, wherein the object pose offset is the pose offset of the current pose of the active follow-up area relative to the initial object pose of the active follow-up area in the initial pose corresponding relation;
and controlling the end tool to move according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset so as to restore the pose corresponding relation between the end tool and the active follow-up area to the initial pose corresponding relation.
In a second aspect, embodiments of the present invention further provide a surgical robot, including:
the first pose acquisition device is arranged on the target object, keeps a fixed corresponding relation with an active follow-up region of the target object and is used for acquiring the pose of the active follow-up region;
the second position and posture acquisition device is arranged on the mechanical arm for carrying the tail end tool to move and is used for acquiring the position and posture of the tail end tool;
the controller is used for acquiring the initial pose corresponding relation between the terminal tool and the corresponding active follow-up area; when the change of the pose of the active follow-up area is detected, acquiring the object pose offset of the active follow-up area; and controlling the end tool to move according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset so as to restore the pose corresponding relation between the end tool and the active follow-up region to the initial pose corresponding relation, wherein the object pose offset is the pose offset of the current pose of the active follow-up region relative to the initial object pose of the active follow-up region in the initial pose corresponding relation.
In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for correcting a pose of an end tool in real time, where the system includes a processor and a memory, where the memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to execute the method for correcting a pose of an end tool in real time according to any embodiment when executing the computer program.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the real-time correction method for the pose of the end tool provided by the embodiment of the invention obtains the initial pose offset corresponding to the initial pose corresponding relation between the end tool and the corresponding active follow-up area; when the pose of the active follow-up region is detected to change, acquiring the object pose offset of the active follow-up region; controlling the motion of the end tool according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset, and restoring the pose corresponding relation between the end tool and the active follow-up area to the initial pose corresponding relation; the pose adjustment amount of the end tool can be determined according to the object pose offset and the initial pose offset corresponding to the initial pose corresponding relation, and the motion of the end tool is controlled according to the pose adjustment amount, so that the end tool can finish the following motion when the motion is finished, and the pose corresponding relation between the end tool and the active follow-up area is restored to the initial pose corresponding relation at the moment, thereby being beneficial to improving the pose adjustment efficiency and accuracy of the end tool and improving the efficiency and success rate of joint replacement.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for real-time pose correction of an end-tool according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a surgical robot provided in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an active follower region provided by one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a robotic arm and end tool relationship provided by one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a surgical robot according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of a surgical robot provided in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described through embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for correcting a pose of an end-point tool in real time according to an embodiment of the present invention. The technical scheme of the embodiment is suitable for controlling the surgical robot to correct the pose of the tail end in real time according to the pose change of the hip joint, so that the pose corresponding relation between the tail end tool and the acetabulum socket is restored to the condition of the initial pose corresponding relation. The method can be executed by a controller of the surgical robot provided by the embodiment of the invention, and the controller can be realized in a software and/or hardware manner.
As shown in fig. 2, a schematic diagram of a surgical robot according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided, the surgical robot includes a first optical array 11 disposed at a hip joint of a target object 01, a second optical array 12 disposed at a robot arm 2 for moving an end tool 4, a third optical array 13 disposed at a base 3 for fixing the robot arm 2, and a controller connected to the first optical array 11, the second optical array 12, and the third optical array 13. The end of the robot arm 2 is used to mount an end tool, and the robot arm 2 can carry the end tool in motion under the control of the controller. The controller may be provided inside the robot body structure or may be a processor separate from the robot body structure, for example, a processor, server or computer device provided separately outside the robot body structure.
The method specifically comprises the following steps:
s101, acquiring an initial pose offset corresponding to an initial pose corresponding relation between the terminal tool and the corresponding active follow-up area.
The range of the active follow-up region can be preset by the user according to specific situations and/or personal habits, for example, the active follow-up region 02 may only include the tapered virtual region 021 in fig. 3; the tapered virtual region 021 of fig. 3 and the cylindrical region 022 over the same may be included at the same time, and the cylindrical region 022 over the dotted line of fig. 3 may correspond to the skin portion of the surgical subject at this time. The pose of the active follow-up zone changes with the pose of the corresponding target surgical area. In this embodiment, the technical solution is described by taking the hip joint as an example of the target surgical region. When the target surgical area is a hip joint, the apex of the conical virtual area in fig. 3 coincides with the center of the acetabular fossa 023. In addition, the active follow-up zone may also correspond to other target surgical areas as long as it needs to maintain a fixed pose correspondence with the tip tool.
Wherein the tip tool is a surgical tool corresponding to the target surgical area. If the target surgical area is a hip joint, the end tool is an acetabular cup or an acetabular file.
The initial pose corresponding relationship is a pose corresponding relationship between the end tool and the corresponding active follow-up region, which needs to be maintained in the embodiment of the present invention, for example, the central axes of the two are coincident.
In this embodiment, if the end tool is an acetabular cup, the central axis of the end tool in the initial pose correspondence preferably coincides with the central axis of the active following area; if the tail end tool is an acetabular file, the central axis of the tail end tool in the corresponding relation of the initial pose can be overlapped with the central axis of the active follow-up area, and can be set according to actual needs.
When the tail end tool is an acetabular cup, the method for determining the corresponding relation of the initial poses comprises the following steps: the controller generates a recording signal when detecting that the central axis of the active follow-up area is coincident with the central axis of the tail end tool, and records the pose of the active follow-up area and the pose of the tail end tool according to the recording signal; and when the pose following signal is detected, taking the corresponding relation between the pose of the latest recorded active following area and the pose of the terminal tool as the initial pose corresponding relation between the terminal tool and the corresponding active following area.
Wherein, when terminal instrument is the acetabular bone file, initial position appearance corresponding relation's determinand method includes: recording the pose of the active follow-up zone and the pose of the end tool when a recording signal is detected, wherein the recording signal is input by a user; and when the pose following signal is detected, taking the corresponding relation between the latest recorded pose of the active following area and the pose of the end tool as the initial corresponding relation between the end tool and the corresponding active following area. It can be understood that a user can input at least two recording signals at different moments until an expected pose corresponding relationship is obtained, then input a pose following signal, and the controller takes the pose corresponding relationship corresponding to the last recording signal, namely the pose corresponding relationship expected by the user, as an initial pose corresponding relationship according to the pose following signal. Of course, the user may also mark the pose corresponding relationship corresponding to one of the recording signals as an expected pose corresponding relationship after inputting at least two recording signals at different times, and then input a pose following signal, and the controller takes the expected pose corresponding relationship as an initial pose corresponding relationship according to the pose following signal.
For example, prior to the cup-making operation of hip replacement surgery, it is usually necessary to move the acetabular cup (end tool) to a preset cup-making position of the active following region, where the central axis of the acetabular cup coincides with the central axis of the active following region, and the central axis of the acetabular cup may coincide with the active following region when the acetabular cup reaches the preset cup-making position. The controller detects the corresponding relationship between the position and the posture of the acetabular cup and the acetabular socket in real time in the process that the acetabular cup moves to the preset cup beating position, generates a recording signal when the central shaft of the acetabular cup is detected to coincide with the central shaft of the acetabular socket, automatically records the position and the posture of the active follow-up area and the position and the posture of the tail end tool according to the recording signal, and takes the newly recorded position and the posture of the active follow-up area and the newly recorded position and the posture of the tail end tool as an initial object position and an initial tool position respectively and takes the corresponding relationship between the initial object position and the initial tool position as the corresponding relationship between the initial object position and the posture of the tail end tool.
Illustratively, prior to the cupping operation of hip replacement surgery, the acetabular socket is subjected to a bone milling operation using an acetabular file (tip tool), and prior to the acetabular socket being subjected to a bone milling operation using an acetabular file, the acetabular file is dragged into an active follow-up zone 02, such as cylindrical region 022 in fig. 3; and then adjusting the pose of the acetabular file to enable the pose corresponding relation of the acetabular file and the acetabular fossa to be the expected pose corresponding relation, and then carrying out bone grinding preparation work of the acetabular fossa, such as preparation of surgical instruments and the like. In order to prevent the posture corresponding relation between the acetabular file and the acetabular socket from changing due to the change of the posture of the hip joint of the patient during the preparation work, a user inputs a record signal, and when the record signal is detected, a controller acquires the postures of the acetabular file and the acetabular socket according to the record signal, takes the posture of the acetabular file as an initial tool posture, takes the posture of the acetabular socket as an initial object posture, and takes the corresponding relation between the initial tool posture and the initial corresponding posture as the initial posture corresponding relation. Wherein, the user inputs the record signal by stepping on the foot pedal of the robot.
Here, the initial object posture of the active follow-up region 02 is acquired by a first posture acquiring device, such as the first optical array 11, provided on a target object (hip of a patient), and the initial tool posture of the end tool 4 is acquired by a second posture acquiring device, such as the second optical array 12, provided on the robot arm 2 for moving the end tool 4. It can be understood that the first optical array 11 maintains a fixed posture corresponding relationship with the active servo area 02, and the second optical array 12 maintains a fixed posture corresponding relationship with the robot arm 2.
After the initial object pose and the initial tool pose of the initial pose corresponding relation are obtained, determining an initial pose offset according to the following formula:
object T tool ＝Inverse( s T maker1_static )× s T maker2_static
wherein, inverse: ( s T maker1_static ) Is composed of s T maker1_static The inverse of the matrix of (a) is, s T maker1_static is the initial object pose of the active follow-up region, s T maker2_static for an initial tool pose of the end-of-line tool, object T tool for the initial pose offset, it is understood that the initial pose offset is the pose offset of the initial tool pose relative to the initial object pose. In practical use, the pose offset of the initial object pose with respect to the initial tool pose may also be used as the initial pose offset.
S102, when the change of the pose of the active follow-up area is detected, the object pose offset of the active follow-up area is obtained, wherein the object pose offset is the pose offset of the current pose of the active follow-up area relative to the initial object pose of the active follow-up area in the initial pose corresponding relation.
When the controller detects the pose tracking signal and detects that the current pose of the active tracking area is changed compared with the initial object pose, the controller acquires the current pose of the active tracking area 02 through the first optical array 11. In this embodiment, the pose correction frequency of the end tool is greater than or equal to 250 times/s, and correspondingly, the frequency of the first optical array acquiring the current pose of the active following area is also greater than or equal to 250 times/s.
Determining an object pose offset of the current pose of the active follower region relative to its initial object pose by:
maker1_static T maker1_dynamic ＝Inverse( s T maker1_static )× s T maker1_dynamic
wherein, inverse: ( s T maker1_static ) Is composed of s T maker1_static The inverse matrix of (d); s T maker1_static is the initial object pose of the active follow-up region, s T maker1_dynamic is the current pose of the active follow-up region, maker1_static T maker1_dynamic is the object pose offset.
S103, controlling the movement of the end tool according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset, and restoring the pose corresponding relation between the end tool and the active follow-up area to the initial pose corresponding relation.
And when the initial pose offset corresponding to the initial pose corresponding relation and the object pose offset of the current pose of the active follow-up region relative to the initial object pose are determined, determining the pose adjustment amount required for adjusting the end tool to the target pose according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset. And the target pose is the pose when the terminal tool completes the current pose following operation.
The pose adjustment amount is calculated according to the following formula:
tool_static T tool_dynamic ＝Inverse( object T tool )× maker1_static T maker1_dynamic × object T tool
wherein, inverse: ( object T tool ) Is composed of object T tool The inverse of the matrix of (a) is, tool_static T tool_dynamic the pose adjustment amount of the end tool.
It can be understood that the pose adjustment amount corresponds to the movement amount of the end tool, and the movement of the end tool is driven by the robot arm, so that the controller drives the movement of the end tool by controlling the movement of the robot arm. Therefore, in this embodiment, the pose adjustment amount is converted into the reference coordinate system according to the conversion relationship between the coordinate system corresponding to the end tool and the reference coordinate system, so as to determine the pose change amount of the mechanical arm carrying the end tool in the reference coordinate system, and control the mechanical arm to drive the end tool to move according to the pose change amount, so that when the mechanical arm completes the motion of the pose change amount, the end tool completes the motion of the pose adjustment amount, and meanwhile, the pose corresponding relationship between the end tool and the active follow-up region is restored to the initial pose corresponding relationship.
Wherein the reference coordinate system corresponds to the third optical array 13; the third optical array is arranged on a base 3 for attachment to a robotic arm 2.
The coordinate system corresponding to the end tool is the coordinate system corresponding to the second optical array, and the conversion relation between the coordinate system and the reference coordinate system can be deduced from the positive kinematics of each joint position of the mechanical arm.
The calculation formula of the pose change amount of the mechanical arm in the reference coordinate system is as follows:
B T tool_dynamic ＝ B T Tool_static × Tool_static T tool_dynamic
wherein the content of the first and second substances, B T Tool_static when the end tool and the active follow-up area are in the corresponding relation of the initial pose, the transformation matrix between the coordinate system corresponding to the end tool and the reference coordinate system, B T tool_dynamic the pose change amount of the mechanical arm in the reference coordinate system is obtained. The B T tool_dynamic Actually comprise B T tool And tool T marker2 the former is an actual control quantity of the robot arm, and the latter is used to define a motion correspondence between the robot arm and the end tool. Because the mechanical arm drives the tail end tool to move in various modes, the motion mode that the mechanical arm drives the tail end tool needs to be uniquely limited through the motion corresponding relation, so that the motion of the tail end tool is uniquely determined through determining the motion of the mechanical arm, and the tail end tool is driven by the mechanical arm to carry out any required pose adjustment. It should be noted that the motion correspondence needs to be calibrated in advance, and correspondingly, the motion correspondence between the base and the mechanical arm needs to be calibrated in advance.
In some embodiments, the controller outputs a pose following completion signal when detecting that the end tool completes the movement of the pose adjustment amount. The pose following completion signal can be output through a flashing light arranged on the mechanical arm and also can be output through a display device connected with the controller, and the embodiment does not limit the specific form of the pose completion signal.
In some embodiments, the controller stops detecting and acquires the current pose of the active follow-up region when the follow-up stop signal is detected, at which time the active follow-up region becomes a free region, and the pose correspondence relationship between the end tool and the active follow-up region may be any pose correspondence relationship.
An exemplary working process: referring to fig. 4, 5 and 6, before the cup-opening operation of the hip replacement, it is necessary to move the tip tool (acetabular cup) to a preset cup and perform a posture-locking operation thereon, at which time the central axis of the acetabular cup at the preset cup coincides with the central axis of the active follower zone (or acetabular socket). When the controller detects that the central shaft in the acetabular cup is coincident with the central shaft in the active follow-up area, the pose of the end tool is automatically recorded through the second optical array 12, the pose of the active follow-up area is automatically recorded through the first optical array 11, and the recorded pose corresponding relation between the pose of the end tool and the pose of the active follow-up area is used as the initial pose corresponding relation. The surgeon performs a cup beating operation on the acetabular cup by beating the acetabular cup beating handle 42 above the connecting rod 41 in fig. 3, and the acetabular cup collides with the acetabular socket after beating, so that the posture of the acetabular socket is changed. Due to the change of the posture of the acetabulum fossa, the posture relation between the end tool and the active follow-up area is not the corresponding relation of the initial posture any more, and if the cup beating operation is continuously performed at the moment, the condition of operation failure is easy to occur. At this time, the doctor can input a pose following signal in a preset stepping mode of the pedal, and the controller executes the steps S101-S103 when detecting the pose following signal, so that when the pose of the acetabulum fossa changes, the pose of the tip tool is timely adjusted, the pose locking operation is automatically executed after the pose adjustment of the tip tool is completed, and a prompt signal for indicating the completion of the pose following is output. It will be appreciated that the central axis of the adjusted tip tool coincides with the central axis of the acetabular socket and the surgeon performs the cupping operation again in response to the cue. It can be understood that after each cup opening operation, the acetabular cup collides with the inner wall of the acetabular socket, the collision causes the posture corresponding relation between the acetabular cup and the active follow-up area (acetabular socket) to change, and the controller executes the posture follow-up operation when the posture corresponding relation is detected to change. In order to improve the accuracy of the cup beating operation, the user can only carry out the next cup beating operation after the controller executes the posture following operation until the acetabular cup is completely beaten into the acetabular fossa. It will be appreciated that the central axis of the connecting rod coincides with the central axis of the end tool 4, see fig. 4.
Yet another exemplary process: when the tip tool is an acetabular file, a doctor needs to drag the tip tool to a cylindrical region 022 above a dotted line in fig. 3, adjust the corresponding relationship between the tip tool and the pose of the active follow-up region 02, and then prepare for acetabular fossa bone grinding, such as preparation of surgical instruments and the like. In order to prevent the posture corresponding relation between the acetabular file and the acetabular fossa from changing due to the change of the posture of the hip joint of the patient during the preparation work of the doctor, the doctor inputs a recording signal in a first stepping mode of the pedal plate, so that the controller acquires the posture of the end tool and the posture of the active follow-up area according to the recording signal. Then inputting a pose following signal through a second stepping mode of the pedal plate, and respectively taking the current poses of the acetabular file and the acetabular fossa as an initial tool pose and an initial object pose, taking the pose corresponding relation between the initial tool pose and the initial object pose as an initial pose corresponding relation by the controller according to the pose following signal, and determining the initial pose offset of the initial tool pose relative to the initial object pose. When the change of the pose of the hip joint relative to the initial object pose is detected, the object pose offset of the current pose of the hip joint relative to the initial object pose is obtained, the pose adjustment amount of the end tool is determined according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset, the motion of the end tool is controlled according to the pose adjustment amount, when the motion of the end tool is completed, a prompt signal for indicating the completion of pose following is output on a display device, and the pose corresponding relation between the end tool and the hip joint is restored to the initial pose corresponding relation.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the real-time correction method for the pose of the end tool provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the initial pose offset corresponding to the initial pose corresponding relation between the end tool and the corresponding active follow-up area is obtained; when the pose of the active follow-up area is detected to change, acquiring the object pose offset of the active follow-up area; controlling the movement of the end tool according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset, so that when the movement is finished, the pose corresponding relation between the end tool and the active follow-up area is restored to the initial pose corresponding relation; the pose adjustment amount of the end tool can be determined according to the object pose offset and the initial pose offset corresponding to the initial pose corresponding relation, the motion of the end tool is controlled according to the pose adjustment amount, the end tool can finish the following motion when the motion is finished, and the pose corresponding relation of the end tool and the active following area is restored to the initial pose corresponding relation at the moment, so that the efficiency and the accuracy of the pose adjustment of the end tool are improved, and the efficiency and the success rate of joint replacement are improved.
Fig. 5 is a block diagram of a surgical robot according to another embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 5 and 6, the surgical robot includes a first posture-acquiring device 11, a second posture-acquiring device 12, and a controller 14; the first pose acquisition device 11 is arranged on the target object 01, keeps a fixed corresponding relation with the active follow-up area 02 of the target object 01, and is used for acquiring the pose of the active follow-up area; the second pose acquisition device 12 is arranged on the mechanical arm 2 for carrying the end tool 4 to move and is used for acquiring the pose of the end tool 4; the controller 14 is configured to obtain an initial pose offset corresponding to an initial pose corresponding relationship between the end tool 4 and the corresponding active servo area 02; acquiring the object pose offset of the active follow-up area 02 when detecting that the pose of the active follow-up area changes; and controlling the motion of the end tool according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset so as to restore the pose corresponding relation between the end tool and the active follow-up area to the initial pose corresponding relation, wherein the object pose offset is the initial object pose of the current pose of the active follow-up area relative to the active follow-up area in the initial pose corresponding relation.
In one embodiment, the surgical robot further comprises a third posture acquiring device 13, which is disposed on the base for fixing the mechanical arm, and is used for providing a reference coordinate system based on which the mechanical arm moves. And the first position and posture acquisition device is a first optical array, the second position and posture acquisition device is a second optical array, and the third position and posture acquisition device is a third optical array.
The range of the active follow-up region can be preset by the user according to specific situations and/or personal habits, for example, the active follow-up region 02 may only include the tapered virtual region 021 in fig. 3; the tapered virtual area 021 in fig. 3 and the cylindrical area 022 within the preset range above the tapered virtual area 021 can also be included at the same time, and the cylindrical area 021 above the dotted line in fig. 3 can correspond to the skin portion of the surgical object at this time. The posture of the active follow-up area changes along with the change of the posture of the corresponding target operation area. In this embodiment, the technical solution is described by taking the hip joint as an example of the target surgical region. When the target surgical region is a hip joint, the apex of the conical virtual region 021 coincides with the center of the acetabular fossa 023. In addition, the active follow-up zone may also correspond to other target surgical areas as long as it needs to maintain a fixed pose correspondence with the tip tool. The target object is a patient who receives a corresponding surgery.
Wherein the tip tool is a surgical tool corresponding to the target surgical area. If the surgical field corresponds to a hip joint, the tip tool is an acetabular cup or acetabular burr.
The initial pose corresponding relationship is a fixed pose corresponding relationship between the end tool and the corresponding active follow-up region, which needs to be maintained in the embodiment of the present invention, for example, the central axes of the two are coincident.
In this embodiment, if the end tool is an acetabular cup, the central axis of the end tool in the initial pose corresponding relationship preferably coincides with the central axis of the active follow-up region; if the tail end tool is an acetabular file, the central axis of the tail end tool in the corresponding relation of the initial pose can be superposed with the central axis of the active follow-up area, and can be set according to actual needs.
When the tail end tool is an acetabular cup, the method for determining the corresponding relation of the initial poses comprises the following steps: the controller generates a recording signal when detecting that the central axis of the active follow-up area coincides with the central axis of the end tool, and records the pose of the active follow-up area and the pose of the end tool according to the recording signal; and when the pose following signal is detected, taking the corresponding relation between the latest recorded pose of the active following area and the pose of the end tool as the initial corresponding relation between the end tool and the corresponding active following area.
Wherein, when terminal instrument is the acetabular bone file, initial position appearance corresponding relation's determinand method includes: recording the pose of the active follow-up zone and the pose of the end tool when a recording signal is detected, wherein the recording signal is input by a user; and when the pose following signal is detected, taking the corresponding relation between the latest recorded pose of the active following area and the pose of the end tool as the initial corresponding relation between the end tool and the corresponding active following area. It can be understood that a user can input at least two recording signals at different moments until an expected pose corresponding relationship is obtained, then input a pose following signal, and the controller takes the pose corresponding relationship corresponding to the last recording signal, namely the pose corresponding relationship expected by the user, as an initial pose corresponding relationship according to the pose following signal. Of course, the user may also mark the pose corresponding relationship corresponding to one of the recording signals as an expected pose corresponding relationship after inputting at least two recording signals at different times, and then input a pose following signal, and the controller takes the expected pose corresponding relationship as an initial pose corresponding relationship according to the pose following signal.
For example, prior to the cup-making operation of hip replacement surgery, it is usually necessary to move the acetabular cup (end tool) to a preset cup-making position of the active following region, where the central axis of the acetabular cup coincides with the central axis of the active following region, and the central axis of the acetabular cup may coincide with the active following region when the acetabular cup reaches the preset cup-making position. The controller detects the corresponding relationship between the acetabular cup and the acetabular socket in real time in the process that the acetabular cup moves to the preset cup beating position, generates a recording signal when the central shaft in the acetabular cup is detected to be coincident with the central shaft of the acetabular socket, automatically records the pose of the active follow-up area and the pose of the end tool according to the recording signal, and takes the newly recorded pose of the active follow-up area and the pose of the end tool as an initial object pose and an initial tool pose respectively and takes the corresponding relationship between the initial object pose and the initial tool pose as the initial pose corresponding relationship when the pose follow-up signal input by a doctor through a pedal plate is detected.
Illustratively, before the cup opening operation of the hip replacement surgery, an acetabular bone cavity needs to be milled by using an acetabular file (end tool), before the acetabular bone cavity needs to be milled by using the acetabular file, the acetabular file needs to be dragged into an active follow-up area 02, such as a cylindrical area 022 in fig. 3, then the posture of the acetabular file needs to be adjusted so that the posture corresponding relation of the acetabular file and the acetabular bone cavity is the expected initial posture corresponding relation, and then the final preparation work of acetabular bone milling, such as preparation of surgical instruments and the like, is performed. In order to prevent the posture corresponding relation between the acetabular file and the acetabular socket from changing due to the change of the posture of the hip joint of the patient during the preparation work, a user inputs a record signal, and when the record signal is detected, a controller acquires the postures of the acetabular file and the acetabular socket according to the record signal, takes the posture of the acetabular file as an initial tool posture, takes the posture of the acetabular socket as an initial object posture, and takes the corresponding relation between the initial tool posture and the initial corresponding posture as the initial posture corresponding relation. Wherein, the user inputs the record signal by stepping on the foot pedal of the robot.
Wherein the initial object pose of the active follow-up region 02 is acquired by a first optical array 11 provided on a target object (hip of a patient), and the initial tool pose of the end tool 4 is acquired by a second optical array 12 provided on the robot arm 2 for moving the end tool 4. It will be appreciated that the first optical array 11 maintains a fixed positional correspondence with the active follower region 02 and the second optical array 12 maintains a fixed positional correspondence with the robotic arm 2.
After the initial object pose and the initial tool pose of the initial pose corresponding relation are obtained, determining the initial pose offset according to the following formula:
object T tool ＝Inverse( s T maker1_static )× s T maker2_static
wherein, inverse: ( s T maker1_static ) Is composed of s T maker1_static The inverse of the matrix of (a) is, s T maker1_static is the initial object pose of the active follow-up region, s T maker2_static for an initial tool pose of the end-of-line tool, object T tool for the initial pose offset, it can be understood that the initial pose offset is a pose offset of the initial tool pose with respect to the initial object pose. In actual use, the pose offset of the initial object pose with respect to the initial tool pose may also be used as the initial pose offset.
When the controller detects the pose tracking signal and detects that the current pose of the active tracking area is changed compared with the initial object pose, the controller acquires the current pose of the active tracking area 02 through the first optical array 11.
Determining an object pose offset of the current pose of the active follower region relative to its initial object pose by:
maker1_static T maker1_dynamic ＝Inverse( s T maker1_static )× s T maker1_dynamic
wherein, inverse: ( s T maker1_static ) Is composed of s T maker1_static The inverse of the matrix of (a) is, s T maker1_static is the initial object pose of the active follow-up region, s T maker1_dynamic is the current pose of the active follow-up region, maker1_static T maker1_dynamic is the object pose offset.
And when the initial pose offset corresponding to the initial pose corresponding relation and the object pose offset of the current pose of the active follow-up area relative to the initial object pose are determined, determining the pose adjustment amount required for adjusting the end tool to the target pose according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset. And the target pose is the pose when the terminal tool completes the current pose following operation.
The pose adjustment amount is calculated according to the following formula:
tool_static T tool_dynamic ＝Inverse( object T tool )× maker1_static T maker1_dynamic × object T tool
wherein the content of the first and second substances, tool_static T tool_dynamic the pose adjustment amount of the end tool.
The pose adjustment amount of the end tool determined according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset is the movement amount required by the end tool for adjusting the pose of the end tool from the initial tool to the target pose, so that the motion of the end tool is controlled according to the pose adjustment amount, and the pose corresponding relation between the end tool and the active follow-up area can be restored to the initial pose corresponding relation when the pose adjustment amount is finished.
It can be understood that the pose adjustment amount corresponds to the amount of movement of the end tool, and the movement of the end tool is driven by the robot arm, so that the controller drives the movement of the end tool by controlling the movement of the robot arm. Therefore, in this embodiment, the pose adjustment amount is converted to the reference coordinate system according to the conversion relationship between the coordinate system corresponding to the end tool and the reference coordinate system, so as to determine the pose change amount of the mechanical arm carrying the end tool in the reference coordinate system, and control the mechanical arm to drive the end tool to move according to the pose change amount, so that when the mechanical arm completes the motion of the pose change amount, the end tool completes the motion of the pose adjustment amount, and simultaneously, the pose correspondence relationship between the end tool and the active servo area is restored to the initial pose correspondence relationship.
Wherein the reference coordinate system corresponds to the third optical array 13; the third optical array is arranged on a base 3 for attachment to a robotic arm 2.
The coordinate system corresponding to the end tool is the coordinate system corresponding to the second optical array, and the conversion relation between the coordinate system and the reference coordinate system can be deduced from the positive kinematics of each joint position of the mechanical arm.
The calculation formula of the pose change amount of the mechanical arm in the reference coordinate system is as follows:
B T tool_dynamic ＝ B T Tool_static × Tool_static T tool_dynamic
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other, B T Tool_static when the end tool and the active follow-up area are in the corresponding relation of the initial pose, the transformation matrix between the coordinate system corresponding to the end tool and the reference coordinate system, B T tool_dynamic the pose change amount of the mechanical arm in the reference coordinate system is obtained. The B T tool_dynamic In fact comprise B T tool And tool T marker2 the former is an actual control quantity of the robot arm, and the latter is used to define a motion correspondence between the robot arm and the end tool. Because the mechanical arm drives the tail end tool to move in various modes, the motion mode that the mechanical arm drives the tail end tool needs to be uniquely limited through the motion corresponding relation, so that the motion of the tail end tool is uniquely determined through determining the motion of the mechanical arm, and the tail end tool is driven by the mechanical arm to carry out any required pose adjustment. It should be noted that the motion correspondence needs to be calibrated in advance, and correspondingly, the motion correspondence between the base and the mechanical arm needs to be calibrated in advance.
In some embodiments, the controller outputs a pose following completion signal when detecting that the end tool completes the movement of the pose adjustment amount. The pose following completion signal can be output through a flashing light arranged on the mechanical arm or can be output through a display device 6 connected with the controller, and the specific form of the pose completion signal is not limited in the embodiment.
In some embodiments, the controller stops detecting and acquires the current pose of the active follow-up region when the follow-up stop signal is detected, at which time the active follow-up region becomes a free region, and the pose correspondence relationship between the end tool and the active follow-up region may be any pose correspondence relationship.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 4, 5 and 6, the mechanical arm 2 drives the acetabular cup or acetabular file to move through a connecting rod 41, and the acetabular cup or acetabular file is mounted at one end of the connecting rod 41. When the end tool is an acetabular cup, the other end of the connecting rod 41 is provided with an acetabular cup striking handle 42. The surgeon performs a cup beating operation on the acetabular cup through the acetabular cup tapping handle 42. It can also be seen from figure 5 that the central axis of the acetabular cup coincides with the central axis of the connecting rod 41.
In some embodiments, referring to fig. 6, the surgical robot further comprises an optical camera 5, wherein the optical camera 5 is used for detecting the positions of the first optical array 11 and the second optical array 12, so as to indirectly detect the poses of the acetabular socket and the acetabular cup.
In some embodiments, the surgical robot further comprises a display device 6, the display device 6 at least for displaying a current pose correspondence between the end tool and the active follow-up zone, preferably the display device further for outputting change information between the current pose correspondence and the initial pose correspondence. For example, the current pose deviation information of the end tool, i.e., the pose adjustment amount of the end tool, with respect to the initial pose correspondence relationship. Preferably, the display device 6 is also configured to output a pose adjustment completion signal.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the surgical robot provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the controller acquires the initial pose offset corresponding to the initial pose corresponding relation between the terminal tool and the corresponding active follow-up area; when the pose of the active follow-up area is detected to change, acquiring the object pose offset of the active follow-up area; controlling the motion of the end tool according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset, so that when the motion is finished, the pose corresponding relation between the end tool and the active follow-up area is restored to the initial pose corresponding relation; because the pose adjustment amount of the end tool can be determined according to the object pose offset and the initial pose offset corresponding to the initial pose corresponding relation, the motion of the end tool is controlled according to the pose adjustment amount, the end tool can finish the following motion when the motion is finished, and the pose corresponding relation of the end tool and the active following area is restored to the initial pose corresponding relation at the moment, so that the efficiency and the accuracy of the pose adjustment of the end tool are improved, and the efficiency and the success rate of joint replacement are improved.
The controller of the surgical robot provided by the embodiment of the invention can execute the real-time correction method of the pose of the end tool provided by any embodiment of the invention, and has corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of the execution method.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a system for automatically adjusting the posture of an acetabular cup, which comprises a processor and a memory, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor is used for executing a real-time correction method of the posture of an end tool when executing the computer program, and the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring initial pose offset corresponding to the initial pose corresponding relation between the terminal tool and the corresponding active follow-up area;
when the change of the pose of the active follow-up area is detected, acquiring the object pose offset of the active follow-up area, wherein the object pose offset is the pose offset of the current pose of the active follow-up area relative to the initial object pose of the active follow-up area in the initial pose corresponding relation;
and controlling the terminal tool to move according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset, so that the pose corresponding relation between the terminal tool and the active follow-up area is restored to the initial pose corresponding relation.
Of course, the computer program of the system for automatically adjusting the posture of the acetabular cup provided by the embodiment of the invention is not limited to the method operations described above, and can also perform related operations in a method for real-time correction of the posture of the end tool provided by any embodiment of the invention.
From the above description of the embodiments, it is obvious for those skilled in the art that the present invention can be implemented by software and necessary general hardware, and certainly can be implemented by hardware, but the former is a better embodiment in many cases. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a floppy disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a FLASH Memory (FLASH), a hard disk or an optical disk of a computer, and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute a method for real-time pose correction of an end tool according to various embodiments of the present invention.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions will now be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A real-time correction method for the pose of an end tool is characterized by comprising the following steps:
recording the pose of the active follow-up area and the pose of the end tool when the recording signal is detected;
when a pose following signal is detected, taking the corresponding relation between the latest recorded pose of the active following area and the pose of the end tool as the initial pose corresponding relation between the end tool and the corresponding active following area;
acquiring initial pose offset corresponding to the initial pose corresponding relation between the terminal tool and the corresponding active follow-up region; when the change of the pose of the active follow-up region is detected, acquiring the object pose offset of the active follow-up region;
and controlling the terminal tool to move according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset, so that the pose corresponding relation between the terminal tool and the active follow-up area is restored to the initial pose corresponding relation.
2. The method of claim 1,
the end tool is an acetabular cup or an acetabular file;
automatically generating the recorded signal upon detecting that a central axis of the active follower region coincides with a central axis of the tip tool when the tip tool is an acetabular cup;
when the tip tool is an acetabular burr, the recorded signal is input by a user when a central axis of the active follower region and a central axis of the tip tool are in a non-coincident state.
3. A surgical robot, comprising:
the first posture acquisition device is arranged on the target object, keeps a fixed corresponding relation with an active follow-up area of the target object and is used for acquiring the posture of the active follow-up area;
the second posture acquisition device is arranged on the mechanical arm for carrying the tail end tool to move and is used for acquiring the posture of the tail end tool;
the controller is used for recording the pose of the active follow-up area and the pose of the end tool when the recording signal is detected; when a pose following signal is detected, taking the corresponding relation between the latest recorded pose of the active following area and the pose of the end tool as the initial corresponding relation between the end tool and the corresponding active following area; acquiring initial pose offset corresponding to the initial pose corresponding relation between the terminal tool and the corresponding active follow-up area; when the change of the pose of the active follow-up region is detected, acquiring the object pose offset of the active follow-up region; and controlling the terminal tool to move according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset, so that the pose corresponding relation between the terminal tool and the active follow-up area is restored to the initial pose corresponding relation.
4. A robot as claimed in claim 3,
the end tool is an acetabular cup or an acetabular file;
when the end tool is an acetabular cup, the recorded signals are automatically generated by the controller upon detecting that a central axis of the active follower region coincides with a central axis of the end tool;
when the tip tool is an acetabular file, the recording signal is input by a user when the central axis of the active follower region and the central axis of the tip tool are in a non-coincident state.
5. A surgical robot as claimed in claim 3, wherein the controller is configured to determine a pose adjustment amount for the end tool based on the initial and object pose offsets and to control the end tool movement based on the pose adjustment amount.
6. A surgical robot as claimed in claim 3, further comprising:
a display device at least for displaying a current pose correspondence between the end tool and the active follow-up zone.
7. A surgical robot as recited in claim 3, further comprising:
a foot pedal;
the controller is used for detecting the treading mode of the foot pedal and generating a recording signal or a pose following signal according to the treading mode.
8. A surgical robot as claimed in any of claims 3 to 7, wherein the pose correction frequency of the tip tool is greater than or equal to 250 times/s.
9. A system for real-time pose correction of an end-tool, comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, wherein the processor, when executing the computer program, is configured to perform the steps of:
recording the pose of the active follow-up area and the pose of the end tool when the recording signal is detected;
when a pose following signal is detected, taking the corresponding relation between the latest recorded pose of the active following area and the pose of the end tool as the initial corresponding relation between the end tool and the corresponding active following area;
acquiring initial pose offset corresponding to the initial pose corresponding relation between the terminal tool and the corresponding active follow-up area; when the change of the pose of the active follow-up area is detected, acquiring the object pose offset of the active follow-up area;
and controlling the terminal tool to move according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset, so that the pose corresponding relation between the terminal tool and the active follow-up area is restored to the initial pose corresponding relation.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the controlling the end tool motion in accordance with the initial pose offset and the object pose offset comprises:
and determining the pose adjustment amount of the end tool according to the initial pose offset and the object pose offset, and controlling the movement of the end tool according to the pose adjustment amount.
CN202211078486.1A 2021-07-09 2021-07-09 Real-time correction method and system for pose of end tool and surgical robot Pending CN115381557A (en)

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