CN115381069A - Yeast extract, preparation method and application thereof, and seasoning - Google Patents
Yeast extract, preparation method and application thereof, and seasoning Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115381069A CN115381069A CN202210970192.3A CN202210970192A CN115381069A CN 115381069 A CN115381069 A CN 115381069A CN 202210970192 A CN202210970192 A CN 202210970192A CN 115381069 A CN115381069 A CN 115381069A
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- Prior art keywords
- yeast
- liquid
- treatment
- yeast extract
- enzymolysis
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- Granted
Links
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/10—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P1/00—Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P3/00 - C12P39/00, by using microorganisms or enzymes
- C12P1/02—Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P3/00 - C12P39/00, by using microorganisms or enzymes by using fungi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
- C12R2001/72—Candida
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/645—Fungi ; Processes using fungi
- C12R2001/85—Saccharomyces
- C12R2001/865—Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of yeast extract, wherein autolysis enzymolysis is carried out on fermented yeast milk to prepare yeast zymolyte, then nonpolar porous resin is adopted to carry out adsorption treatment on the yeast zymolyte under the conditions of proper pH value and temperature to obtain resin containing adsorbate, then ethanol water solution is adopted to carry out desorption treatment under the condition of proper temperature, in the desorption solution (liquid yeast extract) obtained by collection, saccharide components are effectively separated, and concentration and drying can be further carried out to obtain solid yeast extract. The yeast extract prepared by the method has excellent anti-deliquescence property. The prepared yeast extract can be applied to preparing seasonings, including but not limited to chicken essence seasonings, and can obviously improve the taste while obviously improving the anti-deliquescence performance. Also relates to a chicken essence seasoning.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of yeast extracts and seasonings, in particular to a yeast extract, a preparation method and application thereof, and a seasoning, in particular to a chicken essence seasoning.
Background
The yeast extract is one of common raw materials in the seasoning, and can be used for improving the unique mouthfeel and flavor of the seasoning. At present, yeast extract is generally extracted by a high-protein yeast strain in an autolytic enzymolysis mode, and has serious moisture absorption. The yeast extract is easy to deliquesce after absorbing water, so that the product is not easy to store, and the seasoning processed subsequently is easy to deliquesce and deteriorate, thereby influencing the further use of the product in various powdery seasoning products. Most of the products on the market have the problems of strong hygroscopicity and easy and rapid deliquescence.
There is no prior art report on improvement of moisture absorption of yeast extract, because it is difficult to solve the moisture absorption problem without losing the taste and flavor. Some manufacturers prepare extract products with certain moisture absorption resistance by adopting the process flows of directional enzymolysis, post-treatment and spray drying, and the extract products can be placed for 2 hours under the conditions of constant temperature and constant humidity without the phenomenon of moisture absorption and deliquescence, but specific technical means for improving the moisture absorption problem are not disclosed.
Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a yeast extract having good anti-deliquescence properties.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, the object of the present invention is to provide a yeast extract with good anti-deliquescence property and a preparation method thereof, wherein the prepared yeast extract can be applied to the preparation of seasonings, including but not limited to chicken essence seasonings, and the taste can be obviously improved while the anti-deliquescence property is remarkably improved.
In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a yeast extract, comprising the steps of:
providing fermented yeast milk;
carrying out autolysis enzymolysis on the fermented yeast milk, carrying out solid-liquid separation on an enzymolysis product, collecting a liquid phase to obtain a yeast zymolyte, or concentrating and/or drying a supernatant after the solid-liquid separation to obtain the yeast zymolyte;
preparing the yeast zymolyte into a liquid to be adsorbed with the mass concentration of 4-6%, then adopting non-polar porous resin to adsorb the liquid to be adsorbed under the conditions of pH4.5-6.5 and the temperature of 20-40 ℃, and collecting a solid phase to obtain a resin containing adsorbate; wherein the mass portion of the nonpolar porous resin is 80-120 parts by weight based on 1000 parts by weight of the liquid to be adsorbed;
adopting 50-95% (v/v) ethanol water solution to perform desorption treatment on the adsorbate-containing resin at the temperature of 55-65 ℃, and collecting a liquid phase to obtain a yeast desorption solution; wherein the ethanol aqueous solution is 500-800 parts by weight based on 1000 parts by weight of the liquid to be adsorbed;
optionally, the yeast extract is prepared in a solid state by concentrating and/or drying the yeast extract.
In some embodiments of the invention, the preparation method satisfies one or more of the following characteristics:
(ta 1) a material of the nonpolar porous resin is selected from one or more of a polystyrene-based copolymer, a styrene copolymer, and an acrylic copolymer;
(ta 2) the pore diameter of the nonpolar porous resin is selected from 2 to 5nm;
(ta 3) the non-polar porous resin has a grade selected from one or more of DA201-C (macroporous adsorbent resin), DA201-a, DA201-B, DA201-D and DA 201-E;
(ta 4) washing the nonpolar porous resin with absolute ethyl alcohol for pretreatment;
(ta 5) the ethanol concentration in the ethanol aqueous solution is 70% to 80% (v/v); and (c) and (d),
(ta 6) the ethanol aqueous solution accounts for 550-650 parts by weight based on 1000 parts by weight of the liquid to be adsorbed.
In some embodiments of the invention, the preparation method satisfies one or more of the following characteristics:
(tb 1) the steps of adsorbing the solution to be adsorbed by using a non-polar porous resin at a pH of 4.5 to 6.5 and a temperature of 20 to 40 ℃, and collecting a solid phase to obtain an adsorbate-containing resin comprise:
mixing the liquid to be adsorbed with non-polar porous resin, adjusting the pH value to 4.5-6.5, performing adsorption treatment on the liquid to be adsorbed at 20-40 ℃, performing solid-liquid separation, and collecting a solid phase to obtain resin containing adsorbate;
preferably, the first and second electrodes are formed of a metal,
the treatment conditions for the adsorption treatment at 20-40 ℃ comprise: processing under the stirring condition of 150-200 rpm, wherein the processing time is selected from 15-40 minutes; and/or the like, and/or,
the solid-liquid separation mode after the adsorption treatment is suction filtration;
and (tb 2) adopting 50-95% (v/v) ethanol water solution to analyze the adsorbate-containing resin at the temperature of 55-65 ℃, and collecting a liquid phase to obtain a yeast analysis solution, wherein the steps comprise:
mixing the adsorbate-containing resin with 50-95% (v/v) ethanol aqueous solution, carrying out resolution treatment at 55-65 ℃, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, and collecting liquid phase to obtain yeast resolution liquid;
preferably, the first and second liquid crystal display panels are,
the treatment conditions for the analysis treatment at 55-65 ℃ comprise: processing under the stirring condition of 150-200 rpm, wherein the processing time is selected from 15-40 minutes; and/or the presence of a catalyst in the reaction mixture,
the solid-liquid separation mode after the analysis treatment is suction filtration.
In some embodiments of the invention, the preparation method satisfies one or more of the following characteristics:
(tc 1) the step of performing adsorption treatment on the liquid to be adsorbed by using a non-polar porous resin at a pH of 4.5 to 6.5 and a temperature of 20 to 40 ℃ comprises: adjusting the pH value to 5.2-5.8, and carrying out adsorption treatment on the liquid to be adsorbed under the conditions of stirring and 28-32 ℃ at the stirring speed of 160-180 rpm for 28-32 minutes; and (c) and (d),
(tc 2) the step of performing desorption treatment on the adsorbate-containing resin at a temperature of 55-65 ℃ by using 50-95% (v/v) ethanol aqueous solution comprises: and (2) carrying out analysis treatment on the adsorbate-containing resin under the conditions of stirring and 58-62 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 160-180 rpm, and the treatment time is 28-32 minutes.
In some embodiments of the invention, the preparation method satisfies one or more of the following characteristics:
(td 1) the fermented yeast milk is derived from saccharomyces cerevisiae or candida, and/or the fermented yeast milk is obtained by high-density fermentation, and/or the mass concentration of yeast in the fermented yeast milk is 16-20%;
(td 2) in the step of concentrating and/or drying (either or both of concentrating and drying) the supernatant after the solid-liquid separation, the concentration mode is evaporation concentration, and the drying mode is air-controlled drying, wherein the air inlet temperature is 160-180 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 80-100 ℃;
(td 3) in the step of concentrating and/or drying the yeast analysis solution, the drying method is spray drying; and (c) and (d),
(td 4) the autolytic enzymatic hydrolysis comprises sequentially carrying out yeast autolysis, composite enzymatic hydrolysis, nucleic acid enzymatic hydrolysis and deamination enzymatic hydrolysis on the fermented yeast milk to respectively prepare yeast liquid, composite enzymatic hydrolysate, nucleic acid enzymatic hydrolysate and deamination enzymatic hydrolysate which are subjected to autolysis treatment; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the yeast autolysis step comprises: adding citric acid and ethyl acetate into the fermented yeast milk, adjusting the mass concentration of the yeast to 10% -15% by using water, heating to 47-48 ℃, carrying out heat shock, then preserving the heat at 47-48 ℃ for 4.5-5.5 h, then heating to 51-52 ℃, preserving the heat for 2.5-3.5 h, and obtaining the yeast liquid after autolysis treatment; wherein the adding concentration of the citric acid is 1-8% of the weight of the dry yeast in the fermented yeast milk, and the adding concentration of the ethyl acetate is 1-12% of the weight of the dry yeast in the fermented yeast milk; and/or the presence of a catalyst in the reaction mixture,
the composite enzymolysis step comprises the following steps: heating the yeast liquid after autolysis treatment to 57-59 ℃, adjusting the pH to 5.8-6.0, adding alkaline protease, papain and flavor enzyme, wherein the addition amount of each enzyme is 0.8-1.5 per mill independently, and then keeping the temperature for 7-9 h to prepare the composite enzymolysis liquid; wherein the enzyme adding amount is based on the mass of dried yeast in the yeast liquid after autolysis treatment; and/or the presence of a catalyst in the reaction mixture,
the step of nucleic acid enzymolysis comprises: heating the composite enzymolysis liquid to 67-69 ℃, adding nuclease with the enzyme amount of 4.5-5.5 per mill, and then preserving heat for 18-22 hours to prepare the nucleic acid enzymolysis liquid; wherein the enzyme adding amount takes the mass of the dried yeast in the composite enzymolysis liquid as a reference; and/or the like, and/or,
the deamination enzymolysis step comprises the following steps: cooling the nuclease hydrolyzed solution to 49-51 ℃, adjusting the pH to 5.2-5.8, adding deaminase with the enzyme amount of 2.5-3.5 per mill, and then preserving the temperature for 10-15 h; wherein the amount of the added enzyme is based on the mass of the dried yeast in the nucleic acid enzymolysis liquid.
In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a yeast extract, which is obtainable by the method for preparing a yeast extract according to the first aspect of the invention.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mass content of reducing sugars in the yeast extract is less than 5%, and the mass content of total sugars is less than 20%; and/or the presence of a catalyst in the reaction mixture,
the dry weight content of I + G in the yeast extract is less than 10%.
In a third aspect of the invention, there is provided the use of a yeast extract according to the second aspect of the invention for the preparation of a seasoning.
In the fourth aspect of the present invention, a seasoning is provided, which comprises the yeast extract of the second aspect of the present invention and a seasoning base material, preferably, the mass content of the yeast extract in the seasoning is 0.1% to 0.3%.
In the fourth aspect of the present invention, a chicken essence seasoning is further provided, which comprises the yeast extract of the second aspect of the present invention and a chicken essence seasoning base material, preferably, the mass content of the yeast extract in the chicken essence seasoning is 0.1% to 0.3%.
The main components in the yeast extract are protein (protein or polypeptide), nucleic acid, ash, carbohydrate and the like, wherein the protein and the carbohydrate are mainly present in the form of low molecular weight (generally, the molecular weight is less than 1000 daltons), the moisture absorption effect of the low molecular weight substances is obvious, and when moisture absorption is generated, the Tg (glass transition temperature) value of the extract is obviously reduced due to the presence of the low molecular weight substances, particularly the presence of the saccharide components, so that the deliquescence problem of the extract is caused. Among them, the low molecular weight protein is an important component for improving the taste and flavor of the seasoning product. The amino acid and carbohydrate differences are small in terms of molecular weight and solubility, and it is difficult to improve the problem of hygroscopic deliquescence by achieving selective separation of carbohydrate components without affecting the content of flavoring components (including but not limited to low molecular weight proteins) in yeast extract.
In the preparation method of the yeast extract, the non-polar porous resin is used as the adsorption carrier for treating the enzymolysis product for the first time, the non-polar porous adsorption resin is used for treating the substances with different polarity degrees according to different adsorption forces, and the ethanol solution is matched as the special resolving agent, so that the polar saccharide substances are effectively and selectively separated. In the preparation method, nonpolar resin is used as an adsorption material, polar components are separated out after a solution to be adsorbed containing enzymatic hydrolysate passes through the resin, then the nonpolar components are adsorbed, the separation of the polar components and the nonpolar components is realized, and after the macroporous resin treatment, saccharide components causing deliquescence can be selectively separated, so that the moisture resistance of the prepared yeast extract product is obviously improved, for example, the moisture absorption and deliquescence phenomenon does not occur when the yeast extract product is placed under the constant temperature and humidity condition of experimental design for 2 hours, and the obvious deliquescence phenomenon occurs when a sample is not treated. In addition, in the yeast extract after adsorption-desorption treatment, the contents of reducing sugar and total sugar are very low, the water absorption is improved, the color, texture and comprehensive performance are remarkably improved, and the texture and state after moisture absorption can be effectively prevented from being changed badly.
In addition, the content of I + G (nucleotide disodium) in the yeast extract after adsorption-desorption treatment is relatively low (for example, the I + G is reduced from 3.7% to 0.38%), the sugar content of the extract can be reduced from 18.5% to 3.27%, the sugar content is obviously reduced, a very convenient method is provided for selective separation of sugar, and the application range of the later-stage extract is expanded.
The yield of the yeast extract prepared by the autolytic enzymolysis method is about 65 percent at present, and the yield is low. Therefore, the invention also optimizes autolysis enzymolysis conditions, including but not limited to concentration control, pH control, enzyme type and amount control and gradient temperature program control of enzymolysis liquid in different steps, can fully exert the enzymolysis activity of yeast endogenous enzyme substances, and improve the extraction yield of yeast milk, thereby obviously improving the yield of the yeast extract of the invention by more than 70%.
The yeast extract of the invention is used for preparing seasonings (including but not limited to chicken essence seasonings), and can obviously improve the taste while obviously improving the anti-deliquescence performance. The present invention also provides seasonings (including but not limited to chicken essence seasonings) comprising the yeast extract of the present invention. The seasoning prepared by the method has very good moisture resistance, does not have the phenomenon of moisture absorption and deliquescence after being placed for 2 hours under the constant temperature and humidity condition designed by the experiment of the invention, and has the obvious deliquescence phenomenon on an untreated sample.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application and to more fully understand the present application and the advantages thereof, the drawings that are required in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can also be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a process for preparing yeast extract according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a process for preparing yeast extract according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparison graph of the appearance of yeast extract (analyte, B) obtained by adsorption-desorption treatment and yeast extract (filtrate, A) obtained by solid-liquid separation after resin adsorption treatment without resin adsorption treatment in one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings, embodiments and examples. It should be understood that these embodiments and examples are given solely for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is provided for the purpose of providing a more thorough understanding of the present disclosure. It should also be understood that the present invention may be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments and examples described herein, and that various changes or modifications may be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the resulting equivalents are within the scope and spirit of the invention. Furthermore, in the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention, and it is to be understood that the present invention may be practiced without one or more of these details.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments and examples only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Term(s) for
Unless otherwise indicated or contradicted, terms or phrases used herein have the following meanings:
as used herein, the term "and/or", "and/or" is selected to encompass any of two or more of the associated listed items, as well as any and all combinations of the associated listed items, including any two of the associated listed items, any more of the associated listed items, or all combinations of the associated listed items. It should be noted that when at least three items are connected by at least two conjunctive combinations selected from "and/or", "or" and/or ", it should be understood that in this application, the technical solutions unquestionably include the technical solutions all connected by" logical and ", and also unquestionably include the technical solutions all connected by" logical or ". For example, "A and/or B" includes three parallel schemes of A, B and A + B. For example, a reference to "a, and/or, B, and/or, C, and/or, D" includes any one of a, B, C, and D (i.e., all references connected by "logical or"), any and all combinations of a, B, C, and D (i.e., any two or any three of a, B, C, and D), and four combinations of a, B, C, and D (i.e., all references connected by "logical and").
The present invention relates to "plural", etc., and indicates that it is 2 or more in number, unless otherwise specified. For example, "one or more" means one or two or more.
As used herein, "a combination thereof," "any combination thereof," and the like, includes all suitable combinations of any two or more of the listed items.
In the present specification, the term "suitable" in "a suitable combination, a suitable manner," any suitable manner "and the like shall be construed to mean that the technical solution of the present invention can be implemented, the technical problem of the present invention can be solved, and the technical effect of the present invention can be achieved.
The terms "preferably", "better" and "suitable" are used herein only to describe preferred embodiments or examples, and it should be understood that the scope of the present invention is not limited by these terms. If multiple "preferences" appear in one embodiment, each "preference" is independent if no special description is provided, and there are no contradictions or mutual constraints.
In the present invention, "further", "still", "specifically", etc. are used for descriptive purposes to indicate differences in content, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
In the present invention, "optionally", "optional" and "optional" refer to the presence or absence, i.e., to any one of two juxtapositions selected from "present" and "absent". If multiple optional parts appear in one technical scheme, if no special description exists, and no contradiction or mutual constraint relation exists, each optional part is independent.
In the present invention, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. in the terms of "first aspect", "second aspect", "third aspect", "fourth aspect", etc. are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or quantity, nor as implying that importance or quantity indicating the technical feature being indicated. Also, "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. are used for non-exhaustive enumeration of description purposes only and should not be construed as a closed limitation to the number.
In the present invention, the technical features described in the open type include a closed technical solution composed of the listed features, and also include an open technical solution including the listed features.
In the present invention, a range of values (i.e., a range of values) is included, and unless otherwise stated, the distribution of values that are selectable within the range of values is considered to be continuous and includes both the endpoints (i.e., the minimum and maximum) of the range of values and each value between the endpoints. Unless otherwise indicated, when a numerical range refers to integers only within the numerical range, the inclusion of both endpoints of the range, and each integer between the two endpoints, is equivalent to the direct recitation of each integer. Where multiple numerical ranges are provided to describe a feature or characteristic, the numerical ranges may be combined. In other words, unless otherwise indicated, all numerical ranges disclosed herein are to be understood to include any and all subranges subsumed therein. The "numerical value" in the numerical range may be any quantitative value such as a number, a percentage, a ratio, or the like. "numerical range" is intended to broadly encompass quantitative ranges such as percentage ranges, proportional ranges, ratio ranges, and the like.
The temperature parameter in the present invention is not particularly limited, and is allowed to be constant temperature treatment or to vary within a certain temperature range. It will be appreciated that the described thermostatic process allows the temperature to fluctuate within the accuracy of the instrument control. Allowing fluctuations in the temperature ranges of, for example, +/-5 deg.C, +/-4 deg.C, +/-3 deg.C, +/-2 deg.C and + -1 deg.C.
In the present invention, the term "room temperature" generally means 4 ℃ to 35 ℃, preferably 20 ℃. + -. 5 ℃. In some embodiments of the invention, room temperature is 20 ℃ to 30 ℃.
In the present invention, referring to the units of the data range, if only the right end point is followed by a unit, the units indicating the left end point and the right end point are the same. For example, 3 to 5h indicate that the units of the left end point "3" and the right end point "5" are all h (hours).
All documents mentioned in this application are incorporated by reference in this application as if each were individually incorporated by reference. The citation of the present application is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety for all purposes unless otherwise in conflict with the present objectives and/or technical disclosure of the present application. Where a citation is referred to herein, the definition of a reference in the document, including features, terms, nouns, phrases, etc., that is relevant, is also incorporated by reference. In the present invention, when the citation is referred to, the cited examples and preferred embodiments of the related art features are also incorporated by reference into the present application, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments. It should be understood that where a reference conflicts with the description herein, the application is controlling or adaptively modified in accordance with the description herein.
The weight of the related components mentioned in the description of the embodiments of the present invention may not only refer to the specific content of each component, but also represent the proportional relationship of the weight among the components, and therefore, the content of the related components is scaled up or down within the scope disclosed in the description of the embodiments of the present invention as long as it is in accordance with the description of the embodiments of the present invention. Specifically, the weight described in the description of the embodiments of the present invention may be a mass unit known in the chemical field, such as μ g, mg, g, kg, etc.
In the present invention, "above" includes the present number unless otherwise specified.
Most of yeast extract products on the market have the problems of strong hygroscopicity and easy and rapid deliquescence.
The traditional yeast extract is usually prepared by autolytic enzymolysis, and is usually subjected to post-treatment by separation, ultrafiltration, membrane concentration and the like.
The inventor of the application tries to change autolysis or enzymolysis conditions, and finds that only indexes such as total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, ash content and the like of the yeast extract can be changed, but the moisture resistance of the yeast extract is not obviously improved.
The inventor of the application also tries to use equipment such as ultrafiltration and membrane filtration to carry out segmented interception to obtain the intercepted components with different molecular weights, and further experiments prove that the problem of moisture absorption of the yeast extract cannot be solved and the anti-deliquescence performance is not improved.
Based on a great amount of experimental exploration, the inventor of the application also analyzes the physical and chemical compositions of a plurality of commercial yeast extracts (Angel yeast FA02, FA28, FA62; baihuishen HIG 1200), and researches and analyses find that the main reason causing deliquescence is that the sugar content of the yeast extract product is too high and can exceed 15 percent, and the correlation between the salt content and the I + G (nucleotide disodium) content and the deliquescence performance is not large. At present, the yeast extract is generally extracted by a high-protein yeast strain in an autolytic enzymolysis mode, the sugar content is close to 20%, and the moisture absorption is serious due to the existence of a large amount of saccharides, so that the storage of the extract and the subsequent processing of seasonings are easy to deliquesce and deteriorate, and the further use of the extract in various powdery seasoning products is influenced. However, the selective separation of these saccharide components is not easy to achieve without affecting the overall quality of the yeast extract. The main components in the yeast extract are protein (protein or polypeptide), nucleic acid, ash, carbohydrate and the like, wherein the protein and the carbohydrate mainly exist in a low molecular weight form, the moisture absorption effect of the low molecular weight substances is obvious, and when moisture absorption is generated, the Tg (glass transition temperature) value of the extract is obviously reduced due to the existence of the low molecular weight substances, particularly the existence of a saccharide component, so that the deliquescence problem of the extract is caused. Among them, low molecular weight proteins are important components for improving the taste and flavor of the flavored products. The amino acid and carbohydrate differences are small in terms of molecular weight and solubility, and it is difficult to improve the problem of hygroscopic deliquescence by achieving selective separation of carbohydrate components without affecting the content of flavoring components (including but not limited to low molecular weight proteins) in yeast extract.
In a first aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a yeast extract (see fig. 1) is provided, wherein autolysis enzymatic hydrolysis is performed on fermented yeast milk to obtain a yeast hydrolysate, then an adsorption treatment is performed on the yeast hydrolysate with a non-polar porous resin under appropriate pH and temperature conditions to obtain an adsorbate-containing resin, an ethanol aqueous solution is then used to perform an desorption treatment under appropriate temperature conditions, and a desorption solution (a liquid yeast extract) is collected, wherein saccharide components are effectively separated, and further concentration and drying can be performed to obtain a solid yeast extract. The yeast extract (preferably in solid form) prepared by the method has excellent anti-deliquescence property.
In the preparation method of the yeast extract, the non-polar porous resin is used as the adsorption carrier for treating the enzymolysis product for the first time, the non-polar porous adsorption resin is used for treating the substances with different polarity degrees according to different adsorption forces, and the ethanol solution is matched as the special resolving agent, so that the polar saccharide substances are effectively and selectively separated. In the preparation method, nonpolar resin is used as an adsorption material, polar components are separated out after a solution to be adsorbed containing enzymatic hydrolysate passes through the resin, then the nonpolar components are adsorbed, the separation of the polar components and the nonpolar components is realized, and after the macroporous resin treatment, saccharide components causing deliquescence can be selectively separated, so that the moisture resistance of the prepared yeast extract product is obviously improved, for example, the moisture absorption and deliquescence phenomenon does not occur when the yeast extract product is placed for 2 hours under the constant temperature and humidity condition of experimental design, and the obvious deliquescence phenomenon occurs when a sample is not treated. In addition, in the yeast extract after adsorption-desorption treatment, the contents of reducing sugar and total sugar are very low, the water absorption is improved, the color, texture and comprehensive performance are remarkably improved, and the texture and state after moisture absorption can be effectively prevented from being changed badly.
Since the yeast extract is mainly applied in the manner of seasoning, if the moisture absorption of the extract is too strong, the moisture absorption of further prepared powdery seasoning is very easy to be too strong, the quality of the seasoning is seriously deteriorated, the quality of the seasoning is finally influenced, the application field of the extract is narrowed, and the development of the extract industry is influenced, so that the development of moisture absorption resistant yeast extract is profound to the expansion of the industry and the wide utilization of extract products.
In some embodiments of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the yeast extract is prepared by performing autolytic enzymatic hydrolysis on the fermented yeast milk, concentrating and drying the fermented yeast milk, then performing adsorption treatment on the yeast extract by using a non-polar porous resin under appropriate pH and temperature conditions to obtain an adsorbate-containing resin, performing desorption treatment on the resin by using an ethanol aqueous solution under appropriate temperature conditions, collecting the desorption solution (liquid yeast extract), and effectively separating saccharide components, or further performing concentration and drying to obtain a solid yeast extract. The yeast extract (preferably in solid form) prepared by the method has excellent anti-deliquescence property.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a method for preparing a yeast extract is provided, comprising the steps of:
s100: providing fermented yeast milk;
s200: carrying out autolysis enzymolysis on the fermented yeast milk, carrying out solid-liquid separation on an enzymolysis product, collecting a liquid phase to obtain a yeast zymolyte, or concentrating and/or drying a supernatant after the solid-liquid separation to obtain the yeast zymolyte;
s300: preparing the yeast zymolyte into a liquid to be adsorbed, then adopting nonpolar porous resin to perform adsorption treatment on the liquid to be adsorbed under the conditions of proper pH and proper temperature, and collecting a solid phase to obtain resin containing adsorbate; preferably, the mass portion of the nonpolar porous resin is 80 to 120 parts by mass, based on 1000 parts by mass of the liquid to be adsorbed;
s400: adopting ethanol water solution to perform desorption treatment on the adsorbate-containing resin under a proper temperature condition, and collecting a liquid phase to obtain a yeast desorption solution; preferably, the ethanol aqueous solution is 500 to 800 parts by weight based on 1000 parts by weight of the liquid to be adsorbed;
s500: optionally, the yeast extract is prepared by concentrating and/or drying the yeast extract.
In some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a yeast extract, comprising the steps of:
s100: providing fermented yeast milk;
s200: carrying out autolysis enzymolysis on the fermented yeast milk, carrying out solid-liquid separation on an enzymolysis product, concentrating and drying a supernatant to prepare yeast enzymolysis powder;
s300: preparing the yeast enzymolysis powder into a solution to be adsorbed, mixing the solution with nonpolar porous resin, performing adsorption treatment (under the conditions of proper pH value and temperature), performing solid-liquid separation, and collecting a solid phase to obtain adsorbate-containing resin; preferably, the mass portion of the nonpolar porous resin is 80 to 120 parts by mass, based on 1000 parts by mass of the liquid to be adsorbed;
s400: mixing the adsorbate-containing resin with an ethanol aqueous solution, carrying out resolution treatment (carried out under a proper temperature condition), then carrying out solid-liquid separation, and collecting a liquid phase to obtain a yeast resolution solution; preferably, the ethanol aqueous solution is 500 to 800 parts by weight based on 1000 parts by weight of the liquid to be adsorbed;
s500: optionally, the yeast extract is prepared by concentrating and drying the yeast eluate.
Further, in some embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing a yeast extract, comprising the steps of:
s100: providing fermented yeast milk;
s200: carrying out autolysis enzymolysis on the fermented yeast milk, carrying out solid-liquid separation on an enzymolysis product, and concentrating and drying a supernatant to prepare yeast enzymolysis powder;
s300: preparing the yeast enzymolysis powder into a solution to be adsorbed with the mass concentration of 4-6% by adopting an aqueous solvent, mixing the solution with non-polar porous resin, adjusting the pH value to 5.0-6.5, carrying out adsorption treatment at the temperature of 20-40 ℃, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, and collecting a solid phase to obtain resin containing adsorbate; wherein the mass portion of the nonpolar porous resin is 80-120 parts by weight based on 1000 parts by weight of the liquid to be adsorbed;
s400: mixing the adsorbate-containing resin with 50-95% (v/v) ethanol water solution, carrying out resolution treatment at 55-65 ℃, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, and collecting a liquid phase to obtain a yeast resolution solution; wherein the ethanol aqueous solution is 500-800 parts by weight based on 1000 parts by weight of the liquid to be adsorbed;
s500: optionally, the yeast extract is prepared by concentrating the yeast analysis solution to a mass concentration of 10-15% and drying.
The preparation process is described in more detail below.
In the present invention, the term "yeast extract of the present invention" means, unless otherwise specified, a yeast extract produced by the production method of the first aspect of the present invention, and may be in a liquid or solid state.
The method comprises the following steps: and S100, providing fermented yeast milk.
In some embodiments, the fermented yeast milk is from saccharomyces cerevisiae or candida.
In some embodiments, the fermented yeast milk is from saccharomyces cerevisiae.
In some embodiments, the yeast milk strain ZB421 deposited by guang-hai sky innovation technology limited is used, and the following information is deposited: a Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae ZB 421) with classification name of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is deposited in the Guangdong province collection of microbial strains with the collection number of GDMCC NO:61681, the storage address is No. 59 building No. 5 building of No. 100 Dazhong Jie in Guangzhou city.
In some embodiments, the fermented yeast milk is obtained by high density fermentation. Further, the yeast in the fermented yeast milk has a mass concentration of 16% to 20% after separation and washing, for example, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, 20% and the like in terms of mass percentage. The yeast concentration can be determined as follows: GB 5009.3-2010 determination of moisture in food. Thus, the dry mass of the yeast can be calculated.
In the present invention, "dry-reduced" means converted to dry weight unless otherwise specified.
In some embodiments, the fermented yeast milk is made using a method comprising: s10: carrying out amplification culture; s20: separating and washing.
In some embodiments, step S10 comprises: activating a frozen yeast strain (preferably yeast milk strain ZB 421), then performing shake flask propagation, culturing to obtain seeds, and performing commercial fermentation by adopting fed-batch materials: adopt 15L fermentation cylinder, commodity fermentation cylinder uses the material including following material: molasses, ammonia water and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate are used for adjusting the pH value, PPE type defoaming agent (polyether type defoaming agent) is used for defoaming oil, firstly, bottom water is prepared in a fermentation tank, 1 thousandth of magnesium sulfate (final concentration in the bottom water), 0.4 thousandth of zinc sulfate (final concentration in the bottom water), 2 thousandth of yeast extract (final concentration in the bottom water) is added, and the pH value of the bottom water is adjusted to be 4.5; then inoculating shake flask seeds according to the yeast inoculation amount of 5 percent (the final concentration in the fermentation liquid), adding other materials (molasses, ammonia water, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate) to prepare the fermentation liquid, wherein the concentration of the fermentation liquid is 10-30 percent, each material is added by adopting a constant-speed flow feeding and supplementing mode, the air volume and the flow feeding raw material amount are adjusted according to the fermentation time and the wet weight of the fermentation, the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃, the pH value is 4.2-6.0, the ventilation volume is ventilated according to 6-30L/min, and the fermentation time is carried out according to 14-16h to obtain the yeast milk crude product.
In some embodiments, step S20 comprises: after the fermentation is finished, ice water is used for separating and washing the crude product of the yeast milk, the required fermented yeast milk is obtained after separation once and washing twice, and the yeast mass concentration in the fermented yeast milk can be controlled to be 16-20%. The indexes of protein, total sugar, trehalose, nucleic acid, ash content and the like can be measured, and the test method can adopt the conventional method in the field.
Step S200: autolytic enzymatic hydrolysis, optionally concentrated and/or dried.
In some embodiments, in step S200, the fermented yeast milk is subjected to autolytic enzymatic hydrolysis to produce a yeast zymolyte.
In some embodiments, in step S200, the fermented yeast milk is subjected to autolytic enzymolysis, the enzymolysis product is subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the liquid phase is collected to obtain a yeast zymolyte, or the supernatant after the solid-liquid separation is concentrated and/or dried to obtain the yeast zymolyte.
After the solid-liquid separation of the enzymatic hydrolysate, the concentration and the drying may be performed independently or not. That is, concentration and drying are each independently optional steps. The supernatant after the solid-liquid separation is merely concentrated (not dried) to obtain a liquid yeast enzymatic hydrolysate, which can be referred to as a yeast enzymatic hydrolysate concentrate. And directly drying the supernatant after solid-liquid separation, or concentrating and drying to obtain solid yeast zymolyte, also called as yeast zymolyte powder.
The enzymolysis product is concentrated or concentrated and dried, which is more beneficial to preservation.
In some embodiments, in step S200, the fermented yeast milk is subjected to autolytic enzymolysis, the enzymolysis product is subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the supernatant is concentrated and dried to obtain yeast enzymolysis powder.
In some embodiments, the autolytic enzymatic hydrolysis comprises subjecting the fermented yeast milk to yeast autolysis, complex enzymatic hydrolysis, nucleic acid enzymatic hydrolysis, and deamination. The yeast autolysis treatment is carried out to obtain autolyzed yeast liquid, the composite enzymolysis treatment is carried out to obtain composite enzymolysis liquid, the nucleic acid enzymolysis treatment is carried out to obtain nucleic acid enzymolysis liquid, and the deamination enzymolysis liquid is obtained.
In some embodiments, the autolytic enzymatic hydrolysis comprises subjecting the fermented yeast milk to yeast autolysis, complex enzymatic hydrolysis, nucleic acid enzymatic hydrolysis, and deamination in sequence. Wherein, yeast autolysis treatment is carried out to obtain yeast liquid after autolysis treatment, composite enzymolysis treatment is carried out to obtain composite enzymolysis liquid, nucleic acid enzymolysis treatment is carried out to obtain nucleic acid enzymolysis liquid, and deamination enzymolysis liquid is obtained.
The yield of the yeast extract prepared by the autolytic enzymolysis method is about 65 percent at present, and the yield is low. Therefore, the invention also optimizes autolysis enzymolysis conditions, including but not limited to concentration control, pH control, enzyme type and amount control and gradient temperature program control of enzymolysis liquid in different steps, can fully exert the enzymolysis activity of yeast endogenous enzyme preparations, and improve the extraction yield of yeast milk, thereby obviously improving the yield of the yeast extract of the invention, and being capable of improving the yield to more than 70%.
In some embodiments, the temperature of yeast autolysis is selected from 45 to 55 ℃, further such as 47.5 to 55 ℃.
In some embodiments, yeast autolysis involves three temperatures; 47.5, 51.5 ℃ and 55 ℃.
In some embodiments, the step of yeast autolysis comprises: adding citric acid and ethyl acetate into the fermented yeast milk, adjusting the mass concentration of the yeast to 10-15%, heating to 47-48 ℃ (preferably 47.5 ℃), performing heat shock, then keeping the temperature at 47-48 ℃ (preferably 47.5 ℃) for 4.5-5.5 hours (preferably 5 hours), heating to 51-52 ℃ (preferably 51.5 ℃) and keeping the temperature for 2.5-3.5 hours (preferably 3 hours), and obtaining the yeast solution after autolysis treatment. The concentration of citric acid added is 1% to 8% (preferably 3% to 8%, more preferably 2%) of the mass of the fermented yeast milk based on the dry yeast, and the concentration of ethyl acetate added is 1% to 12% (preferably 8% to 12%, more preferably 10%) of the mass of the fermented yeast milk based on the dry yeast. Water may be used to adjust the mass concentration of yeast. In some embodiments, the mass concentration of yeast can be adjusted to any one of the following concentrations or to an interval consisting of any two of the following concentrations: 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, etc.
In some embodiments, the concentration of citric acid added may also be any one of the concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, etc. or any two of them, based on the dry yeast mass in the fermented yeast milk.
In some embodiments, the concentration of ethyl acetate added may also be any one of the concentrations of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, etc. or any two of them, based on the mass of the dry yeast in the fermented yeast milk.
In some embodiments, the heat shock conditions are 41 to 51.5 ℃. Examples thereof include 41 ℃, 42 ℃, 43 ℃, 44 ℃, 45 ℃, 46 ℃,7 ℃, 8 ℃, 49 ℃, 50 ℃, 51 ℃, 51.5 ℃ and the like. The heat shock, which can also be understood as a rapid heat treatment, can rapidly activate the endogenous enzymes already present in the yeast and increase the efficiency of autolysis.
In some embodiments, the step of complex enzymatic hydrolysis comprises: heating the yeast solution after autolysis treatment to 57-59 ℃ (preferably 58 ℃), adjusting the pH to 5.8-6.0, adding alkaline protease, papain and flavor enzyme, wherein the addition amount of each enzyme is 0.8-1.5 per mill independently, and then keeping the temperature for 7-9 h (preferably 8 h) to prepare the composite enzymolysis solution. Wherein the enzyme adding amount is based on the mass of the dried yeast in the yeast liquid after autolysis treatment.
In some embodiments, the amounts of alkaline protease, papain, and flavourzyme added may each be independently selected from 0.8% to 1.5% o, and may each be independently preferably 1.0% to 1.2% o, and the amount of each enzyme added is independently, for example, 0.8% o, 0.9% o, 1.0% o, 1.1% o, 1.2% o, 1.3% o, 1.4% o, 1.5% o, or the like.
In some embodiments, the step of nucleolytic digestion comprises: and (3) heating the composite enzymolysis liquid to 67-69 ℃ (preferably 68 ℃), then adding nuclease with the enzyme amount of 4.5-5.5 per mill (preferably 5 per mill), and then preserving heat for 18-22 h (preferably 20 h) to prepare the nucleic acid enzymolysis liquid. Wherein the enzyme adding amount is based on the mass of the dried yeast in the composite enzymolysis liquid.
In some embodiments, the nuclease is added in an amount of 4.5% to 5.5%, such as 4.5%, 4.6%, 4.7%, 4.8%, 4.9%, 5.0%, 5.1%, 5.2%, 5.3%, 5.4%, 5.5%, etc.
In some embodiments, the step of deamination comprises: cooling the nuclease hydrolyzed solution to 49-51 ℃ (preferably 50 ℃), adjusting the pH to 5.2-5.8 (preferably 5.5), adding deaminase with the enzyme amount of 2.5-3.5 per mill (preferably 3 per mill), and then keeping the temperature for 10-15 h (preferably 12 h). Wherein the amount of the added enzyme is based on the mass of the dried yeast in the nucleic acid enzymolysis liquid.
In some embodiments, the deaminase enzyme is added in an amount of 2.5 to 3.5%, such as, for example, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 3.0, 3.1, 32, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5% and the like.
In some embodiments of the invention, the autolytic hydrolysis comprises the steps of: adding 2% of citric acid and 10% of ethyl acetate into the fermented yeast milk, adjusting the yeast concentration to about 13%, heating to 47.5 ℃, carrying out heat shock (putting into a tank), treating for 5 hours at 47.5 ℃, heating to 51.5 ℃, carrying out heat preservation for 3 hours, finally heating to 58 ℃, then adding alkaline protease, papain and flavor enzyme (the enzyme adding amount is 1-1.2 thousandths), carrying out heat preservation for 8 hours, and controlling the pH value to be 5.8-6.0; then heating to 68 ℃, adding nuclease of 5 per mill, processing for 20h, cooling to 50 ℃, controlling the pH value to be 5.5, adding deaminase of 3 per mill, and processing for 12h. The enzymolysis activity of yeast endogenous enzyme substances can be better fully exerted, and the extraction yield is obviously improved.
In some embodiments, after the autolytic enzymatic hydrolysis is finished, the obtained yeast hydrolysate (enzymatic hydrolysate) is subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the solid-liquid separation method can adopt one-time washing and two-time washing, supernatant and precipitate are obtained through separation, the yield of the supernatant is measured, then the supernatant is concentrated (preferably, evaporated and concentrated) and dried to obtain extract powder which can be recorded as yeast enzymatic powder, and the content of I + G (disodium nucleotide) in the yeast enzymatic powder can be measured. The "one-in-two washing" means one separation and two washing with water. The yield of the supernatant can be determined in the following manner: and dividing dry matter of the separated clear liquid by total dry weight of the zymolytic yeast milk.
In some embodiments, in the step of concentrating and/or drying the supernatant after the solid-liquid separation, the concentration mode is evaporation concentration.
In some embodiments, in the step of concentrating and/or drying the supernatant after solid-liquid separation, the drying mode is air-controlled drying, wherein the inlet air temperature is 160-180 ℃, and the outlet air temperature is 80-100 ℃. By "concentrating and/or drying" is meant that concentrating and drying are each independently optional steps, each independently may or may not be performed.
Step S300: and (3) carrying out adsorption treatment by using nonpolar porous resin.
In some embodiments, in step S300, the yeast hydrolysate is prepared into a solution to be adsorbed, and then the solution to be adsorbed is subjected to adsorption treatment by using a non-polar porous resin under the conditions of a suitable pH and a suitable temperature, and a solid phase is collected to obtain an adsorbate-containing resin; preferably, the mass portion of the nonpolar porous resin is 80 to 120 parts by mass based on 1000 parts by mass of the liquid to be adsorbed.
In some embodiments. The adsorption treatment can be carried out by taking the liquid to be adsorbed as a mobile phase, passing through nonpolar porous resin, and collecting a solid phase to obtain the adsorbate-containing resin.
In some embodiments, the liquid yeast zymolyte can be diluted or concentrated to prepare a certain concentration of the solution to be adsorbed. The solid yeast zymolyte can be mixed with water to prepare a liquid to be absorbed with a certain concentration.
The yeast zymolyte is concentrated or concentrated and dried, so that the yeast zymolyte is more convenient to store.
In some embodiments, in step S300, the yeast hydrolysate (e.g., yeast hydrolysate powder) is prepared into a solution to be adsorbed, and then mixed with a non-polar porous resin, subjected to an adsorption treatment (preferably under suitable pH and temperature conditions), and then subjected to solid-liquid separation, and the solid phase is collected to obtain an adsorbate-containing resin; preferably, the mass portion of the nonpolar porous resin is 80 to 120 parts by mass based on 1000 parts by mass of the liquid to be adsorbed.
In some embodiments, the yeast zymolyte (such as yeast zymolyte powder) is prepared into a liquid to be adsorbed with a mass concentration of 4-6% by using an aqueous solvent, then the liquid is mixed with a nonpolar porous resin, the pH value is adjusted to 4.5-6.5 (further such as 5.0-6.5), the adsorption treatment is carried out at 20-40 ℃, then solid-liquid separation is carried out, and a solid phase is collected to obtain a resin containing adsorbate; wherein the mass portion of the nonpolar porous resin is 80-120 parts by mass, which is calculated by 1000 parts by mass of the liquid to be adsorbed.
In some embodiments of the invention, the aqueous solution is water.
In some embodiments, the mass concentration of the liquid to be adsorbed may be 4% to 6%, e.g. 4%, 5%, 6%.
In some embodiments, the mass part of the non-polar porous resin may be 80 to 120 parts, for example, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120 parts, etc., based on 1000 parts of the liquid to be adsorbed.
In some embodiments, the material of the non-polar porous resin is selected from one or more of polystyrene type copolymer, styrene copolymer, acrylic copolymer, and the like.
In some embodiments, the pore size of the non-polar porous resin is selected from 2 to 5nm.
In some embodiments, the non-polar porous resin is of a grade selected from one or more of DA201-C (macroporous adsorbent resin), DA201-A, DA201-B, DA201-D, DA201-E, and the like.
In some embodiments, the non-polar porous resin is pre-treated with a wash prior to use. Further, washing with anhydrous ethanol may be employed. Impurities in the resin, including but not limited to protein impurities, may be removed. Can be washed to 220nm without ultraviolet absorption peak.
In some embodiments, after soaking the DA201-C macroporous adsorbent resin with absolute ethyl alcohol for 24 hours, washing with absolute ethyl alcohol is continued until no ultraviolet absorption peak exists at 220nm, and then washing with deionized water for later use.
In some embodiments, the pH at which the adsorption treatment is performed is from 4.5 to 6.5, further can be from 5.0 to 6.5, further by way of non-limiting example 5.2, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.8, 6.0, 6.2, 6.4, 6.5, and the like. The pH for the adsorption treatment may be 5.0 to 6.0, 5.2 to 5.8, 5.4 to 5.6, or the like. The present inventors have found that the adsorption rate of the resin gradually increases with an increase in pH (e.g., pH4.5 to 6.5), and it is presumed that the adsorption capacity changes due to a change in the charge of molecules in a solution when the pH is adjusted because the isoelectric point of most amino acids, polypeptides, and the like is in the vicinity of neutral. According to the embodiment of the application, when the pH value is 5.5, better adsorption efficiency can be obtained.
In some embodiments, the temperature at which the adsorption treatment is performed is 20 to 40 ℃, and may be any one of the following temperatures or a range of any two of the following temperatures: 20 deg.C, 22 deg.C, 24 deg.C, 25 deg.C, 26 deg.C, 28 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 32 deg.C, 34 deg.C, 35 deg.C, 36 deg.C, 38 deg.C, 40 deg.C, etc. The present inventors have found that the adsorption rate of the resin gradually decreases as the adsorption treatment temperature increases (e.g., 25 to 45 ℃), and presumably, the molecular motion gradually increases with the increase in temperature, and the increase in temperature tends to decrease the non-polar adsorption capacity between molecules and the resin, which tends to decrease the adsorption capacity and efficiency, whereas when the temperature is too low, the adsorption rate decreases due to the increase in the viscosity of the solution. According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a temperature of 30 ℃ can achieve a better adsorption efficiency.
In some embodiments, the process conditions under which the adsorption treatment is performed include: processing under the stirring condition of 150-200 rpm, wherein the processing time is selected from 15-40 minutes; further, the analysis treatment may be carried out under the above-mentioned temperature conditions, and for example, the adsorption treatment may be carried out at 20 to 40 ℃.
In some embodiments, the adsorption treatment is performed at a stirring speed such as 150rpm, 160rpm, 170rpm, 180rpm, 190rpm, 200rpm, and the like. The stirring is too fast and easily causes the resin to be broken, the stirring is slow and causes the mixing to be not uniform enough, and the adsorption treatment effect is not good.
In some embodiments, the adsorption treatment is performed for a time period selected from 15 to 40 minutes, such as 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, 35 minutes, 40 minutes, and the like. The inventor of the application discovers that the adsorption rate of the resin is gradually increased along with the increase of the adsorption time (such as 15-35 minutes), the adsorption effect is good, the adsorption quantity is gradually increased, when the adsorption time is longer than 30 minutes, the increase of the adsorption effect is no longer obvious, the processing cost is increased due to the increase of the adsorption time, the equipment utilization rate is reduced, and the adsorption time can be selected for 30 minutes in comprehensive consideration.
In some embodiments of the invention, the step of adjusting the pH and performing the adsorption treatment comprises: adjusting the pH to 4.5-6.5 (further 5.0-6.5, further 5.2-5.8, specifically 5.5), and performing adsorption treatment under stirring conditions and at a temperature of 20-40 deg.C (further 28-32 deg.C, specifically 30 deg.C), with a stirring speed of 160-180 rpm (e.g. 170 rpm) and a treatment time of 28-32 minutes (e.g. 30 minutes).
In some embodiments, the solid-liquid separation after the adsorption treatment is suction filtration. Furthermore, the negative pressure of the suction filtration can be-0.04 MPa to 0.08MPa.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of performing an adsorption treatment on the liquid to be adsorbed at a ph of 4.5 to 6.5 and a temperature of 20 to 40 ℃ comprises: adjusting the pH value to 5.2-5.8, and carrying out adsorption treatment on the liquid to be adsorbed under the conditions of stirring and 28-32 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 160-180 rpm, and the treatment time is 28-32 minutes.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of adsorbing the solution to be adsorbed by using a non-polar porous resin at a ph of 4.5-6.5 and a temperature of 20-40 ℃ and collecting the solid phase to obtain an adsorbate-containing resin comprises:
mixing the liquid to be adsorbed with non-polar porous resin, adjusting the pH value to 4.5-6.5, performing adsorption treatment on the liquid to be adsorbed at 20-40 ℃, performing solid-liquid separation, and collecting a solid phase to obtain resin containing adsorbate;
further, the treatment conditions for the adsorption treatment at 20 to 40 ℃ include: processing under the stirring condition of 150-200 rpm, wherein the processing time is selected from 15-40 minutes; and/or the presence of a catalyst in the reaction mixture,
the solid-liquid separation mode after the adsorption treatment is suction filtration. In some embodiments of the present invention, 50 parts by mass of yeast zymolysis powder (1 part by mass of 1 g) is prepared into 1000g of solution (the solvent can adopt water to prepare the solution to be adsorbed), the concentration is controlled at 5%, and then the solution is mixed with 100 parts by mass of non-polar porous resin (the resin is cleaned in advance and filtered), the pH value is 5.5, the temperature is 30 ℃, the rpm is 170, and the treatment is carried out for 30min; immediately carrying out suction filtration, and recording a liquid phase as a filtrate; eluting the resin subjected to suction filtration by using 600 parts by mass of 75% (v/v) ethanol at 60 ℃,30min and 170rpm, and performing suction filtration as soon as possible after elution, wherein the collected liquid phase is marked as eluent; and respectively concentrating the filtrate and the eluent to the mass concentration of 10-15%, then carrying out spray drying, and the preliminary experiment proves that the analyte has better moisture absorption resistance, and carrying out subsequent analysis on the prepared sample.
S400: ethanol aqueous solution analysis treatment
In some embodiments, the adsorbate-containing resin is subjected to desorption treatment by using an ethanol aqueous solution under a suitable temperature condition, and a liquid phase is collected to obtain a yeast desorption solution; preferably, the ethanol aqueous solution is 500 to 800 parts by mass based on 1000 parts by mass of the liquid to be adsorbed.
In some embodiments, in step S400: mixing the adsorbate-containing resin with an ethanol aqueous solution, carrying out resolution treatment (preferably under a proper temperature condition), then carrying out solid-liquid separation, and collecting a liquid phase to obtain a yeast resolution solution; preferably, the ethanol aqueous solution is 500 to 800 parts by mass based on 1000 parts by mass of the liquid to be adsorbed.
In some embodiments, step S400 includes: mixing the adsorbate-containing resin with 50-95% (v/v) ethanol water solution, carrying out resolution treatment at 55-65 ℃, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, and collecting a liquid phase to obtain a yeast resolution solution; wherein the ethanol aqueous solution accounts for 500-800 parts by weight based on 1000 parts by weight of the liquid to be adsorbed.
In step S400, ethanol is used as the analysis agent, and the analysis effect is further enhanced. The inventors speculate that since ethanol is a bipolar substance, it is possible to elute a nonpolar resin and analyze a material adsorbed on the resin. Through experimental research, the inventor finds that the resin has gradually better analysis effect along with the increase of the alcohol concentration (such as 25-95 percent, volume percent), but the measurement difference of the adsorption rate is not large after the concentration is increased to 95 percent. In some experimental examples, 75% alcohol can achieve a better analytical effect.
In some embodiments. The analysis treatment may be performed by using a mixture of an ethanol aqueous solution as a mobile phase, passing through an adsorbate-containing resin, and collecting an eluate as the liquid yeast extract.
In some embodiments, the aqueous ethanol solution has a concentration of 70% to 80% (v/v), such as 70%, 71%, 72%, 73%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 77%, 78%, 79%, 80%, etc., by volume percent (v/v).
In some embodiments, the mass part of the ethanol aqueous solution is 550 to 650 parts, based on 1000 parts of the liquid to be adsorbed, and may be selected from any one of the following mass parts or an interval consisting of any two of the following: 550. 560, 570, 580, 590, 600, 610, 620, 630, 640, 650, etc.
In some embodiments, the temperature for performing the analysis process is 55 to 65 ℃, and may be selected from any one of the following temperatures or a range composed of any two of the following temperatures: 55 deg.C, 56 deg.C, 57 deg.C, 58 deg.C, 59 deg.C, 60 deg.C, 61 deg.C, 62 deg.C, 63 deg.C, 64 deg.C, 65 deg.C, etc.
In some embodiments, the processing conditions under which the parsing process is performed include: processing under the stirring condition of 150-200 rpm, wherein the processing time is selected from 15-40 minutes; further, the analysis treatment may be performed under the temperature condition described above.
In some embodiments, the speed of agitation for the resolution process is, for example, 150rpm, 160rpm, 170rpm, 180rpm, 190rpm, 200rpm, or the like. The resin is easy to break due to too fast stirring, the mixing is not uniform enough due to slow stirring, and the analysis treatment effect is not good.
In some embodiments, the resolution treatment may be performed for a time selected from 15 to 40 minutes, such as 15 minutes, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, 30 minutes, 35 minutes, 40 minutes, and the like.
In some embodiments, the solid-liquid separation after the analysis treatment is suction filtration. Furthermore, the negative pressure of the suction filtration can be-0.04 MPa to 0.08MPa.
In some embodiments of the invention, the step of performing a parsing process comprises: the analysis is carried out under the conditions of stirring and temperature of 55-65 ℃ (further 58-62 ℃, specifically 60 ℃), the stirring speed is 160-180 rpm (170 rpm for example), and the treatment time is 28-32 minutes (30 minutes for example).
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of subjecting the adsorbate-containing resin to a desorption treatment at a temperature of 55-65 ℃ comprises: and (2) carrying out analysis treatment on the adsorbate-containing resin under the conditions of stirring and 58-62 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 160-180 rpm, and the treatment time is 28-32 minutes.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the step of performing a desorption treatment on the adsorbate-containing resin at a temperature of 55-65 ℃ by using 50-95% (v/v) ethanol aqueous solution, and collecting a liquid phase to obtain a yeast desorption solution comprises:
mixing the adsorbate-containing resin with 50-95% (v/v) ethanol aqueous solution, carrying out resolution treatment at 55-65 ℃, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, and collecting liquid phase to obtain yeast resolution liquid;
further, the air conditioner is characterized in that,
the treatment conditions for the analysis treatment at 55-65 ℃ comprise: processing under the stirring condition of 150-200 rpm, wherein the processing time is selected from 15-40 minutes; and/or the like, and/or,
the solid-liquid separation mode after the analysis treatment is suction filtration. The yeast extract solution prepared in step S400 is in the form of a liquid of the yeast extract of the present invention.
S500: alternatively, the yeast eluate is concentrated and dried.
Step S500 is an optional step, i.e., concentration and drying may or may not be performed independently of each other.
Concentration and drying may or may not be performed independently of each other. The yeast solution may be concentrated only. The yeast analysis solution may be dried directly or after being concentrated. After concentration and drying, the extract product is easier to store and is not easy to be polluted. When S500 is not performed, the yeast extract of the present invention can be obtained in a liquid state.
When S500 is carried out, the yeast extract of the present invention can be obtained in a solid state. In this case, the yeast extract is more conveniently added as a raw material for preparing a seasoning.
In some embodiments, the yeast extract is prepared by concentrating the yeast solution to a mass concentration of 10% to 45% (or more specifically 10% to 15%) and drying. The mass concentration can be determined by the following method: GB 5009.3-2010 measurement of moisture in food. The mass concentration may be selected from any one or two of 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, and the like.
In the step of "concentrating and/or drying" the yeast solution, "concentrating and/or drying" means "performing either or both of the step of concentrating and drying.
In some embodiments, in the step of concentrating and/or drying the yeast solution, the drying mode is spray drying.
In some embodiments, in the step of drying the concentrated yeast solution, the drying method is spray drying.
In the preparation method of the yeast extract provided by the invention, the nonpolar porous resin can be repeatedly used. After adsorption and analysis, absolute ethyl alcohol can be adopted for washing and regeneration, and the ultraviolet absorption peak can be eliminated after washing to 220 nm.
In a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a yeast extract, which is obtainable by the method for preparing a yeast extract according to the first aspect of the invention.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mass content of reducing sugars in the yeast extract is less than 5% (further such as less than 2%) and the mass content of total sugars is less than 20% (further such as less than 4%). In the yeast extract after adsorption-desorption treatment, the contents of reducing sugar and total sugar are very low, the water absorption is improved, the color, texture and comprehensive performance are remarkably improved, and the texture and state after moisture absorption can be effectively prevented from being changed badly.
In some embodiments of the invention, the I + G content of the yeast extract is less than 10% (further such as less than 0.5%) on a dry mass basis. The content of I + G (nucleotide disodium) in the yeast extract after adsorption-desorption treatment is relatively low, (for example, the I + G is reduced from 3.7 percent to 0.38 percent), the sugar content of the yeast extract can be reduced from 18.5 percent to 3.27 percent, the sugar content is obviously reduced, a very convenient method is provided for selective separation of sugar, and the application range of later-stage extract is expanded.
Since the yeast extract is mainly applied in the manner of seasoning, if the moisture absorption of the yeast extract is too strong, the moisture absorption of further prepared powdery seasoning is very easy to be too strong, the deterioration of the texture quality of the extract is serious, the quality of the extract is finally influenced, the application field of the extract is narrowed, and the development of the extract industry is influenced, so that the development of moisture-absorption-resistant yeast extract on the expansion of the industry and the wide utilization of yeast extract products are profound.
In a third aspect of the invention there is provided the use of yeast extract according to the second aspect of the invention in the preparation of a seasoning.
Use of the resin treated eluate in a seasoning: to verify the effect of the extractives added to the seasoning on the moisture absorption of the seasoning, a test was designed as follows: the raw materials are mixed according to a certain formula, then granulated, finally dried, and tested according to the test scheme of moisture absorption and deliquescence capability after drying, and the following examples can be referred.
Including but not limited to chicken essence.
The seasoning prepared by the method has very good moisture absorption resistance, and does not have the phenomenon of moisture absorption and deliquescence after being placed for 2 hours under the constant temperature and humidity condition designed by the experiment of the invention, while the untreated sample has the obvious deliquescence phenomenon.
The invention also provides a seasoning comprising the yeast extract of the second aspect of the invention. The seasoning may be, but is not limited to, a chicken essence seasoning. The yeast extract of the invention is used for preparing seasonings (including but not limited to chicken essence seasonings), and can obviously improve the mouthfeel while obviously improving the anti-deliquescence performance.
In some embodiments, the yeast extract is present in the flavoring in an amount of 0.1% to 0.3% by weight, such as 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, etc.
In a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a seasoning, comprising the yeast extract of the second aspect of the present invention and a seasoning base, preferably, the yeast extract is contained in the seasoning in an amount of 0.1% to 0.3% by mass, such as 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, etc.
The seasoning may be, but is not limited to, a chicken essence seasoning.
In the fourth aspect of the present invention, a chicken essence seasoning is further provided, which comprises the yeast extract of the second aspect of the present invention and a chicken essence seasoning base material, preferably, the mass content of the yeast extract in the chicken essence seasoning is 0.1% to 0.3%, such as 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, etc.
In some embodiments, the yeast extract is present in the seasoning (e.g., chicken essence seasoning) in an amount of 0.1% to 0.3%, such as 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, etc.
In some embodiments, the flavoring base (e.g., chicken essence flavoring base) includes monosodium glutamate, I + G (disodium nucleotide), salt, sugar, chicken extract, chicken essence, rice flour, garlic powder, white pepper powder, onion powder, shallot powder, chicken powder, and turmeric powder. In some of these embodiments, the "sugar" used is free of fructose. In some of these implementations, the "sugar" used is free of inverted sugar. In some of these embodiments, the "sugar" used is free of fructose and invert sugar. It should be noted that different sugars are not hygroscopic, among the sugars: fructose and invert sugar have the highest hygroscopicity, glucose and maltose have the lowest hygroscopicity, and sucrose has the lowest hygroscopicity. The sugar in the yeast extract of the present invention is mainly invert sugar.
In some embodiments, the seasoning base (such as chicken essence seasoning base) comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 35-40 parts of monosodium glutamate, 1.0-1.5 parts of I + G (nucleotide disodium), 25-30 parts of salt, 6-8 parts of sugar, 3-4.5 parts of chicken paste, 0.1-0.2 part of chicken essence, 10-13 parts of rice flour, 0.5-0.6 part of garlic powder, 0.2-0.3 part of white pepper powder, 0.5-0.6 part of onion powder, 0.3-0.5 part of shallot powder, 0.5-1 part of chicken powder and 0.1-0.2 part of turmeric powder. The definition of "sugar" used is as previously described.
In some embodiments, the flavoring base (e.g., chicken essence flavoring base) includes, by mass parts, 40 parts monosodium glutamate, 1.5 parts I + G (disodium nucleotide), 30 parts salt, 8 parts sugar, 4.5 parts chicken extract, 0.1 part chicken essence, 13 parts rice flour, 0.5 part garlic powder, 0.2 part white pepper powder, 0.5 part onion powder, 0.3 part shallot powder, 1 part chicken powder, and 0.2 part turmeric powder. The definition of "sugar" used is as described previously.
In some embodiments, the seasoning base (e.g., chicken essence seasoning) comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass:
35-40 parts of monosodium glutamate, 1.0-1.5 parts of I + G (nucleotide disodium), 25-30 parts of salt, 6-8 parts of sugar, 3-4.5 parts of chicken paste, 0.1-0.2 part of chicken essence, 10-13 parts of rice flour, 0.5-0.6 part of garlic powder, 0.2-0.3 part of white pepper powder, 0.5-0.6 part of onion powder, 0.3-0.5 part of shallot powder, 0.5-1 part of chicken powder and 0.1-0.2 part of turmeric powder. The definition of "sugar" used is as described previously.
Furthermore, the seasoning base material (such as chicken essence seasoning) is 100 parts by weight.
In some embodiments, the seasoning base (e.g., chicken essence seasoning) comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 0.2 The seasoning comprises, by weight, 40 parts of yeast extract, 1.5 parts of monosodium glutamate, 1.5 parts of I + G (nucleotide disodium), 30 parts of salt, 8 parts of sugar, 4.5 parts of chicken paste, 0.1 part of chicken essence, 13 parts of rice flour, 0.5 part of garlic powder, 0.2 part of white pepper powder, 0.5 part of onion powder, 0.3 part of chive powder, 1 part of chicken powder and 0.2 part of turmeric powder. The definition of "sugar" used is as described previously.
Some specific examples are provided below.
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods in the following examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, can be performed according to the experimental manual or routine conditions in the art, according to the conditions suggested by the manufacturer, or according to the experimental methods known in the art, by referring to the guidance given in the present invention.
In the following specific examples, the measurement parameters relating to the components of the raw materials may have slight deviations within the weighing accuracy, unless otherwise specified. Temperature and time parameters are involved to allow for acceptable deviation due to instrument test accuracy or operational accuracy.
The inventor of the present application tried to change autolysis or enzymolysis conditions, and found that only total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, ash and other indexes of the yeast extract can be changed, however, the moisture resistance of the yeast extract is not obviously improved.
The obtained product shows obvious moisture absorption by directly heating to kill yeast endogenous enzyme (heating to 92 ℃ to kill enzyme and then cooling to 55 ℃ for enzymolysis treatment) or performing high-temperature autolysis enzymolysis (starting heat shock enzymolysis at 55 ℃), and the material shows obvious agglomeration and agglomeration after being placed in an open environment at room temperature for 2 hours, so that the processing technology is changed, and the moisture absorption of the yeast extract is not improved.
The inventor of the present application has tried to use ultrafiltration, membrane filtration and other devices to obtain the trapped components with different molecular weights by segmentation, and further experiments prove that the moisture absorption problem of the yeast extract can not be solved, and the anti-deliquescence performance is not improved.
In the following examples, unless otherwise indicated, the macroporous non-polar adsorbent resins used in the examples were obtained from Jiangsu Suqing Water treatment engineering group, inc., with specification of DA201-C and pore size of 2-5nm. The comparative example also used macroporous resins having specification types DM18 and DM131.
The ethanol solution in each of the following examples refers to an aqueous ethanol solution, and the concentration unit thereof is volume percent unless otherwise stated. Such as 75% (v/v).
Yeast milk strain: saccharomyces cerevisiae ZB421, deposited by Innovation techniques, inc., guangdong Hai, as described previously.
In each of examples 1 to 5 and 7 to 8 below, yeast extracts were prepared using the parameters of the following steps (S110, S210, S310, S410 and 510) unless otherwise specified. Wherein 1g may be calculated by 1 part by mass.
Preparation example parameters (steps not shown in the following examples are used for the preparation example parameters)
S110: and (3) preparing yeast milk for expanding culture.
Taking out the frozen and preserved yeast strains, activating, then carrying out shake flask propagation, culturing into seeds, and then carrying out commodity fermentation by adopting fed-batch materials: adopt 15L fermentation cylinder, commodity fermentation cylinder uses the material to include following material: molasses, ammonia water and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate are used for adjusting the pH value, PPE type is used for defoaming oil, bottom water is firstly prepared in a fermentation tank, 1 thousandth of magnesium sulfate (final concentration in the bottom water), 0.4 thousandth of zinc sulfate (final concentration in the bottom water), 2 thousandth of yeast extract (final concentration in the bottom water) is added, the pH value of the bottom water is adjusted to be 4.5, then 5 percent of yeast inoculation amount (final concentration in the fermentation liquid) is inoculated into shake flask seeds, other materials (molasses, ammonia water, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, sulfuric acid and sodium carbonate) are added to prepare the fermentation liquid, the mass concentration of the fermentation liquid is 10 to 30 percent, all the materials are added in a constant-speed fed-batch feeding mode, according to the fermentation time and the wet weight of the fermentation, the air volume and the fed-batch raw material amount are adjusted, the fermentation temperature is controlled to be 30 ℃, the pH value is 4.2 to 6.0, the ventilation amount is ventilated according to 6 to 30L/min, and the fermentation time is carried out according to 14 to 16 h.
After the fermentation is finished, ice water is used for separating and washing the yeast milk, the yeast milk is separated once and washed twice, the required fermented yeast milk is obtained, the concentration of the yeast milk is 16% -20%, the measurement indexes (protein, total sugar, trehalose, nucleic acid, ash content and the like) are measured, and the obtained fermented yeast milk is used for continuously carrying out autolysis enzymolysis treatment.
S210: autolytic enzymolysis and post-treatment
The autolysis enzymolysis treatment mode is as follows: taking a fermented yeast milk material, adding 5% of citric acid and 10% of ethyl acetate, adjusting the yeast concentration to 13%, heating to 47.5 ℃, putting the yeast into a tank by heat shock, treating for 5 hours, heating to 51.5 ℃, preserving heat for 3 hours, finally heating to 58 ℃, then adding alkaline protease, papain and flavourzyme, wherein the addition amount of the three enzymes is 1.2 per thousand, preserving heat for 8 hours, and controlling the pH value to be between 5.8 and 6.0; and then heating to 68 ℃, adding 5 per mill of nuclease, treating for 20h, cooling to 50 ℃, controlling the pH value to be 5.5, adding 3 per mill of deaminase, treating for 12h, and finishing the enzymolysis process to obtain the yeast hydrolysate (also called as an enzymolysis product).
And after the enzymolysis is finished, separating the yeast hydrolysate, washing the yeast hydrolysate by one time and two times, separating to obtain supernatant and precipitate, measuring the yield of the supernatant, then evaporating, concentrating and drying to obtain extract powder (yeast enzymolysis powder), and measuring the content of a key index I + G (nucleotide disodium). Wherein, GB20886.2-2021 yeast product quality requirements are used for I + G determination.
The autolytic enzymatic yield can be obtained by using the following formula: the dry weight of the supernatant was divided by the dry weight of the yeast substrate.
Through detection and calculation, the autolysis yield of the embodiment adopting the method is over 70 percent.
S310: pretreatment of nonpolar porous resin (the yeast enzymolysis powder obtained in the above way is treated by macroporous adsorption resin)
Resin pretreatment: soaking DA201-C macroporous adsorbent resin in anhydrous ethanol for 24h, washing with anhydrous ethanol to 220nm without ultraviolet absorption peak, and washing with deionized water.
Adsorption treatment: preparing 1000g of solution from 50g of extract powder (yeast enzymolysis powder prepared by the experiment), controlling the concentration at 5%, mixing with 100g of resin (washing and filtering in advance), treating for 30min at the pH of 5.5 and the temperature of 30 ℃ and at 170 rpm; suction filtration was carried out immediately, the liquid phase was designated as the non-adsorbed suction filtrate and the solid phase was designated as the adsorbate-containing resin.
S410: analysis processing
And (3) eluting the resin containing the adsorbate after suction filtration by using 600g of 75% (v/v) ethanol at the temperature of 60 ℃,30min at 170rpm, performing suction filtration as soon as possible after elution, and recording the collected liquid phase as the eluent after analysis (yeast analysis liquid, liquid yeast extract of the invention).
S510: concentrating and drying
And respectively concentrating the unadsorbed suction filtration solution and the resolved eluent to the mass concentration of 10% -15%, then carrying out spray drying to obtain unadsorbed matters according to the unadsorbed suction filtration solution, and obtaining powdery yeast extract (also called as resolved matters) of the invention according to the resolved eluent.
The suction filtration liquid in step S400 may be used for adsorption and desorption again to obtain a yeast extract, and may be used for production of seasonings.
Characterization of the yeast extract:
comprises the steps of carrying out physical and chemical analysis (comprising reducing sugar content, total sugar content and I + G dry content), moisture absorption determination and moisture absorption sensory evaluation on the yeast extract.
The application comprises the following steps:
the yeast extract of the invention which is treated by resin is used for preparing chicken essence seasoning. To verify the effect of the addition of the extract to the chicken essence on the moisture absorption of the chicken essence, the experimental design was as follows: mixing according to the formula, then granulating, finally drying, and testing according to the moisture absorption and deliquescence test scheme after drying.
Example 1 Effect of different pH on the adsorption Effect of the resins
Preparing 1000g of solution from 50g of yeast extract powder (prepared by the step of experiment S210) with water, controlling the concentration at 5%, mixing with 100g of resin pretreated by washing and suction filtration, controlling the pH values of different groups at 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5 respectively, treating at 30 ℃ and 170rpm for 30min; immediately performing suction filtration, collecting unadsorbed suction filtration liquid, eluting the resin after suction filtration by using 600g of 75% ethanol aqueous solution (namely, performing resolution treatment), wherein the treatment temperature is 60 ℃,30min and 170rpm, performing suction filtration treatment as soon as possible after elution, and collecting the resolved eluent; and respectively concentrating the unadsorbed suction filtration liquid and the resolved eluent to a mass concentration of 10% -45%, then carrying out spray drying, and carrying out subsequent analysis on the prepared sample.
The adsorption rate is obtained by the following method: 1-drying the non-adsorbed extract liquid and then drying the treated extract.
TABLE 1 influence of different pH values on the adsorption effect of the resins
From the results shown in Table 1, it was found that the adsorption rate of the resin gradually increased with the increase in pH in the test pH range, and it is presumed that the adsorption capacity was changed by the change in the chargeability of the molecules in the solution when the pH was adjusted because most of the amino acids, polypeptides and the like had isoelectric points around neutrality. It can be seen that the adsorption efficiency is relatively high at a pH of 5.5.
EXAMPLE 2 Effect of different temperatures on the adsorption Effect of the resin
50g of yeast extract powder (prepared by the step of the experiment S210) is prepared into 1000g of solution by water, the concentration is controlled to be 5 percent, then the solution is mixed with 100g of resin which is pretreated by cleaning and suction filtration, the pH value is controlled to be 5.5, the temperature is respectively controlled to be 25 ℃,30 ℃, 35 ℃, 40 ℃ and 45 ℃,170rpm, and the treatment is carried out for 30min; performing suction filtration immediately, collecting unadsorbed suction filtration liquid, eluting the resin after suction filtration by using 600g of 75% ethanol aqueous solution at the treatment temperature of 60 ℃,30min and 170rpm, performing suction filtration as soon as possible after elution, and collecting the resolved eluent; and respectively concentrating the unadsorbed suction filtration liquid and the resolved eluent to a mass concentration of 10% -15%, then carrying out spray drying, and carrying out subsequent analysis on the prepared sample.
The adsorption rate was obtained by the method of example 1.
TABLE 2 influence of different temperatures on the adsorption effect of the resins
From the results shown in Table 2, it was found that the adsorption rate of the resin gradually decreased with an increase in temperature, and it is presumed that the molecular motion gradually increased with an increase in temperature, and the increase in temperature easily caused a decrease in the non-polar adsorption capacity between molecules and the resin, and the adsorption capacity and efficiency were easily decreased, and when the temperature was too low, the adsorption rate decreased inversely due to an increase in the viscosity of the solution. Combining the above results, the adsorption efficiency was relatively high at a temperature of 30 ℃.
Example 3 Effect of different adsorption times on the adsorption Effect of the resin
50g of yeast extract powder (prepared by the step of the experiment S210) is prepared into 1000g of solution by water, the concentration is controlled to be 5 percent, and then the solution is mixed with 100g of resin which is pretreated by cleaning and suction filtration, the pH value is controlled to be 6.0, the temperature is 30 ℃, the rpm is 170, and the processing time is respectively 15min, 20min, 25min, 30min and 35min; immediately performing suction filtration, collecting unadsorbed suction filtration liquid, eluting the resin after suction filtration by using 600g of 75% ethanol aqueous solution at the treatment temperature of 60 ℃,30min and 170rpm, performing suction filtration as soon as possible after elution, and collecting the resolved eluent; and respectively concentrating the unadsorbed suction filtration liquid and the resolved eluent to a mass concentration of 10% -15%, then carrying out spray drying, and carrying out subsequent analysis on the prepared sample.
The adsorption rate was obtained by the method of example 1.
TABLE 3 influence of different adsorption times on the adsorption effect of the resins
According to the results in table 3, it can be found that, as the adsorption time increases, the adsorption rate of the resin gradually increases, the adsorption effect becomes good, the adsorption amount gradually increases, when the adsorption time is longer than 30min, the increase of the adsorption effect is no longer obvious, and the adsorption time is increased, so that the processing cost is increased, and the equipment utilization rate is reduced. Comprehensively, the adsorption time can be selected to be 30min.
Example 4 Effect of different concentrations of resolver on resin adsorption Effect
50g of yeast extract powder (prepared by the step of the experiment S210) is prepared into 1000g of solution by water, the concentration is controlled to be 5 percent, and then the solution is mixed with 100g of resin which is pretreated by cleaning and suction filtration, the pH value is controlled to be 6.0, the temperature is 30 ℃, the rpm is 170, and the treatment is carried out for 30min; performing suction filtration immediately, collecting unadsorbed suction filtration liquid, using 600g of resin after suction filtration, respectively performing elution treatment on an analytical agent by adopting ethanol aqueous solutions with volume percentages of 25%, 50%, 75% and 95%, performing suction filtration treatment as soon as possible after elution at the treatment temperature of 60 ℃,30min and 170rpm, and collecting the eluate after analysis; and respectively concentrating the unadsorbed suction filtration liquid and the resolved eluent to a mass concentration of 10% -15%, then carrying out spray drying, and carrying out subsequent analysis on the prepared sample.
The adsorption rate was obtained by the method of example 1.
TABLE 4 Effect of different desorbent concentrations on resin adsorption effectiveness
The invention of the inventor of the application adopts alcohol as the resolving agent, so that a better resolving effect can be obtained. It is presumed that the alcohol is a bipolar substance and can elute the nonpolar resin to thereby analyze the material adsorbed on the resin. From the results of Table 4, it was found that the resin analysis effect gradually became better as the alcohol concentration was increased, but the difference in the adsorption rate measurement was small when the concentration was increased to 95%. According to the results of this example, 75% alcohol already has a relatively good analytical effect.
By combining the foregoing embodiments 1 to 4, the process flow of the macroporous resin treatment of the yeast extract can be optimized as follows: preparing 1000g of solution from 50g of yeast extract powder (yeast enzymolysis powder prepared in the experiment S210), controlling the concentration to be 5%, mixing with 100g of resin subjected to cleaning, suction filtration and pretreatment, controlling the pH value to be 5.5, controlling the temperature to be 30 ℃, and processing at 170rpm for 30min; performing suction filtration immediately, collecting unadsorbed suction filtration liquid, eluting the resin subjected to suction filtration by using 600g and 75 percent ethanol at the treatment temperature of 60 ℃,30min and 170rpm, performing suction filtration as soon as possible after elution, and collecting the resolved eluent; and respectively concentrating the unadsorbed suction filtration liquid and the resolved eluent to the concentration of 10-15%, then carrying out spray drying to respectively obtain unadsorbed substances and resolved substances, and carrying out subsequent analysis on the prepared sample. Wherein, unadsorbed substances are collected from unadsorbed suction filtration liquid, and resolved substances are collected from resolved eluent.
Example 5 characterization of the Yeast extracts of the invention
5.1. Physical and chemical analysis
The physical and chemical indexes of the extract (yeast enzymolysis powder prepared in S210), unadsorbed matter and analyzed matter (yeast extract obtained after adsorption-analysis treatment) before resin treatment are analyzed, and the physical and chemical indexes comprise reducing sugar content, total sugar content and I + G dry content. The test methods are as follows.
Reducing sugar content test method: DNS colorimetric method.
Total sugar content: DNS colorimetric method.
I + G dry content: GB20886.2-2021 yeast product quality requirements are used for I + G determination.
The test results can be found in table 5.
TABLE 5 extraction of yeast by macroporous adsorbent resin physical analysis
Note: i + G is nucleotide disodium salt
After adsorption on the resin, the unadsorbed fraction (unadsorbed material) represents an average of about 65% of the total mass of the product.
Compared with the extract before resin treatment, the I + G (nucleotide disodium) content and the total sugar content in the unadsorbed matter are both greatly improved, and the extract can be used for liquid compound seasoning products such as sauce and the like. The inventor speculates that substances such as I + G (nucleotide disodium) and sugar are polar materials, so that the substances are not easily adsorbed by nonpolar resin, and the rest parts are resolved by ethanol solution, so that the sugar content of resolved materials is remarkably reduced, and therefore, the materials are separated by macroporous adsorption resin, the sugar content in yeast extract is reduced, and the anti-deliquescence performance is improved.
5.2. Measurement of moisture absorption by extraction of Yeast
The extract (yeast extract of the invention) obtained by adsorption-desorption of the untreated extract (yeast enzymolysis powder) was subjected to a moisture absorption resistance test.
Placing the powdery sample obtained in the step S510 in a constant temperature and humidity box in an open manner, wherein the conditions of the constant temperature and humidity box are as follows: the temperature is 37 ℃, the relative humidity is 75 percent, the standing time is 120min, the water absorption mass of the sample is detected, the percentage of the total water absorption amount in the total mass of the powder is calculated, and the deliquescence form of the powder is checked at the same time, and the results are as follows.
TABLE 6 determination of moisture absorption by extraction of yeast treated with macroporous adsorbent resin
From the above water absorption analysis, it was found that although the water absorption index of the unadsorbed product and the analyte was changed by the resin adsorption treatment, the difference in water absorption performance was not large and the discrimination of water absorption capacity was not significant.
5.3. Evaluation of moisture absorption of Yeast extract
5.3.1. Sample sensory evaluation method: sensory panel consisting of 5 persons, the samples were scored and quantified by sensory scoring. The samples after moisture absorption treatment were placed in a white plate, and then color, texture (hardness, morphology, etc.), and comprehensive evaluation were evaluated by a sensory panel, and sensory evaluation items and evaluation criteria are shown in table 9, and sensory evaluation results are shown in table 7.
TABLE 7 sensory evaluation of moisture absorption by extraction of yeast treated with macroporous adsorbent resin
It was found that the water absorption capacity of the analyte did not change much after the treatment, but the deliquescence resistance was enhanced, and the change in texture and state after moisture absorption could be avoided.
The material status after 2h of moisture absorption test can be seen in FIG. 3, wherein A is unadsorbed material and B is desorbed material. It can be found that the moisture absorption and hygroscopicity of the materials are obviously different, and the use of the macroporous resin can obviously improve the deliquescence of the extract.
Example 6 application in Chicken essence seasoning
6.1. Preparation of chicken essence seasoning
In order to verify the influence of the yeast extract added into the chicken essence on the moisture absorption of the chicken essence, the experimental design is as follows: mixing according to the formula designed in Table 8, granulating, drying, and testing according to the test scheme of moisture absorption and deliquescence capability.
The formula of the chicken essence seasoning in this example is as follows, wherein the extract can adopt the extract, unadsorbed substance and resolved substance before resin treatment, and the prepared chicken essence seasoning is respectively named as chicken essence-extract before resin treatment, chicken essence-unadsorbed substance and chicken essence resolved substance. Wherein, the chicken essence-resolution matter is the chicken essence seasoning provided by the invention.
Control group B: the control chicken essence sample is a reference sample of replacing YE (yeast extract) components with monosodium glutamate, namely, the YE content is 0, the monosodium glutamate mass percentage is 40.2%, and the sample is also recorded as a monosodium glutamate control sample.
TABLE 8 chickens' extract basic formula used in example 6 (1 part by mass: 1 g)
Note: the total mass portion is 100 portions.
6.2. Characterization of chicken essence seasoning
6.2.1. Resistance to deliquescence
The samples were tested for dry matter content.
And another sample is placed in a constant temperature and humidity box in an open manner, the constant temperature and humidity box is at 37 ℃, the relative humidity is 75%, the placing time is 2 hours, the water absorption mass of the sample is detected, the percentage of the total water absorption amount in the total mass of the powder is calculated, and the deliquescence form of the powder is checked.
6.2.2. Sensory evaluation of samples
The sensory evaluation method of the detection sample comprises the following steps: a sensory panel consisting of 5 persons scored and quantified the samples by sensory scoring. The samples after moisture absorption treatment were placed in a white plate, and then color, texture, and sensory evaluation (2% solution directly evaluated for comprehensive mouthfeel) were evaluated by sensory panel, and sensory evaluation items and criteria are shown in table 9.
TABLE 9 sensory evaluation index definition Table
6.3. Characterization results
Different extract samples are prepared into chicken essence according to the method of 6.1, then the chicken essence is placed in a constant temperature and humidity chamber for 2 hours at 37 ℃ and 75% of relative humidity, the water absorption mass of the samples is detected, and the percentage of the total water absorption mass in the total powder mass is calculated, and the results can be seen in table 10. It can be found that the difference of the water absorption performance of the extract is not large when the extract is treated by the resin and then applied to the chicken essence product, and the difference of the moisture absorption data is not large because the ratio of the extract in the chicken essence is supposed to be low and the influence on the moisture absorption is limited.
TABLE 10 determination of moisture absorption in chicken essence by macroporous adsorbent resin treatment and yeast extraction
Different samples of the extracts and the control chicken essence were subjected to a standing moisture test and then subjected to sensory evaluation. The discovery shows that the taste of the chicken essence product can be obviously improved by using 0.2% of extract (YE) in the chicken essence sample, and compared with the taste of the monosodium glutamate sample, the taste of two groups of products added with the extract is obviously improved. The moisture absorption of the resin-treated extract was not much different from that of the control group B. Compared with the extract before resin treatment, the extract after resin treatment has obviously improved anti-deliquescence property, unobvious color and texture changes, and the mouthfeel test proves that the mouthfeel is obviously improved in sensory evaluation (compared with a control group B).
TABLE 11 evaluation of moisture absorption sensitivity in chicken essence for macroporous adsorbent resin treatment yeast extraction
Therefore, compared with the chicken essence prepared by taking the extract as the formula raw material before resin treatment, the analytic substance obtained by adsorption-analytic treatment greatly improves the moisture absorption resistance of the chicken essence, and the comprehensive taste is greatly improved compared with a monosodium glutamate sample.
7. Examination of the kind of adsorbent resin
7.1. Preparation of
Example 7: in the adsorption treatment in step S310, the pH value is 5.5, the treatment temperature is 30 ℃, the treatment time is 30min, in step S410, 75% (v/v) of ethanol is used as a resolving agent, the treatment temperature is 60 ℃, the treatment time is 30min, and the rest parameters are the same as the previously described "preparation example parameters".
Comparative example 7-1: a yeast extract was prepared in substantially the same manner as in example 7, except that the type of the nonpolar resin was changed from the macroporous resin DA201-C to the macroporous resin DM18.
Comparative example 7-2: a yeast extract was prepared in substantially the same manner as in example 7, except that the type of the nonpolar resin was changed from the macroporous resin DA201-C to the macroporous resin DM131.
7.2. Testing of
Moisture absorption sensory evaluation of the yeast extract (analyte) was carried out by the methods of the above-mentioned sections 5.2 and 5.3. The results can be seen in table 12.
TABLE 12 evaluation of moisture absorption sensitivity of yeast extract (analyte) treated with different types of macroporous adsorbent resins
According to the test results, after adsorption experiments are carried out by using other types of macroporous resins DM18 and DM131 to replace DA201-C resin, the deliquescence resistance of the yeast extract product is general, and the main reason is presumed to be the influence of the group difference of the resins, so that the polarities of chemical groups on different macroporous resins are different, the selective separation of the yeast extract is different, and the moisture absorption of the final extract product is different.
8. Examination of type of analysis agent
8.1. Preparation of
Example 8: in the adsorption treatment in step S310, the pH value is 5.5, the treatment temperature is 30 ℃, the treatment time is 30min, in step S410, 75% (v/v) of ethanol is used as a resolving agent, the treatment temperature is 60 ℃, the treatment time is 30min, and the rest parameters are the same as the preparation example parameters.
Comparative example 8-1A yeast extract was prepared in the same manner as in example 7, except that the kind of the resolving agent was changed to methanol, 75% (v/v).
Comparative example 8-2A yeast extract was prepared in substantially the same manner as in example 7, except that the kind of the resolving agent was changed to acetone, 75% (v/v).
8.2. Testing
According to the test result, other organic reagents can be used as the desorbent, methanol and acetone have similar effects and have little difference with the effects of ethanol, but the methanol and acetone have strong chemical harmfulness, so that the product has the risk of residual reagents and the use is limited to a certain extent.
The technical features of the above embodiments and examples can be combined in any suitable manner, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features of the above embodiments and examples are not described, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, the combinations of the technical features should be considered to be within the scope of the description in the present specification.
The above examples only show some embodiments of the present invention, so as to facilitate the detailed and detailed understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and modifications are all within the scope of the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that various changes or modifications can be made by those skilled in the art after reading the above teachings of the present invention, and equivalents obtained thereby also fall within the scope of the present invention. It should also be understood that the technical solutions provided by the present invention, which are obtained by logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments, are within the scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the content of the appended claims, and the description and the drawings can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing yeast extract is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing fermented yeast milk;
carrying out autolysis enzymolysis on the fermented yeast milk, carrying out solid-liquid separation on an enzymolysis product, collecting a liquid phase to obtain a yeast zymolyte, or concentrating and/or drying a supernatant after the solid-liquid separation to obtain the yeast zymolyte;
preparing the yeast zymolyte into a liquid to be adsorbed with the mass concentration of 4-6%, then adopting non-polar porous resin to adsorb the liquid to be adsorbed under the conditions of pH4.5-6.5 and the temperature of 20-40 ℃, and collecting a solid phase to obtain a resin containing adsorbate; wherein the mass portion of the nonpolar porous resin is 80-120 parts by mass, which is calculated by 1000 parts by mass of the liquid to be adsorbed;
adopting 50-95% (v/v) ethanol water solution to perform desorption treatment on the adsorbate-containing resin at the temperature of 55-65 ℃, and collecting a liquid phase to obtain a yeast desorption solution; wherein the ethanol aqueous solution accounts for 500-800 parts by weight based on 1000 parts by weight of the liquid to be adsorbed;
optionally, the yeast extract is prepared in a solid state by concentrating and/or drying the yeast extract solution.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of the following characteristics are satisfied:
(ta 1) a material of the nonpolar porous resin is selected from one or more of a polystyrene-based copolymer, a styrene copolymer, and an acrylic copolymer;
(ta 2) the pore diameter of the nonpolar porous resin is selected from 2 to 5nm;
(ta 3) the non-polar porous resin has a grade selected from one or more of DA201-C, DA201-a, DA201-B, DA201-D, and DA 201-E;
(ta 4) washing the nonpolar porous resin with absolute ethyl alcohol for pretreatment;
(ta 5) the ethanol concentration in the ethanol aqueous solution is 70% to 80% (v/v); and the combination of (a) and (b),
(ta 6) the ethanol aqueous solution accounts for 550-650 parts by weight based on 1000 parts by weight of the liquid to be adsorbed.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein one or both of the following characteristics are satisfied:
(tb 1) the steps of adsorbing the liquid to be adsorbed by using a non-polar porous resin at a pH of 4.5-6.5 and a temperature of 20-40 ℃, and collecting the solid phase to obtain the resin containing adsorbate include:
mixing the liquid to be adsorbed with non-polar porous resin, adjusting the pH value to 4.5-6.5, performing adsorption treatment on the liquid to be adsorbed at 20-40 ℃, performing solid-liquid separation, and collecting a solid phase to obtain resin containing adsorbate;
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
the treatment conditions for the adsorption treatment at 20-40 ℃ comprise: processing under the stirring condition of 150-200 rpm, wherein the processing time is selected from 15-40 minutes; and/or the like, and/or,
the solid-liquid separation mode after the adsorption treatment is suction filtration;
and (tb 2) adopting 50-95% (v/v) ethanol water solution to analyze the adsorbate-containing resin at the temperature of 55-65 ℃, and collecting a liquid phase to obtain a yeast analysis solution, wherein the steps comprise:
mixing the adsorbate-containing resin with 50-95% (v/v) ethanol water solution, carrying out resolution treatment at 55-65 ℃, then carrying out solid-liquid separation, and collecting a liquid phase to obtain a yeast resolution solution;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the treatment conditions for the analysis treatment at 55-65 ℃ comprise: processing under the stirring condition of 150-200 rpm, wherein the processing time is selected from 15-40 minutes; and/or the like, and/or,
the solid-liquid separation mode after the analysis treatment is suction filtration.
4. The production method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein one or both of the following characteristics are satisfied:
(tc 1) the step of performing adsorption treatment on the liquid to be adsorbed by using a non-polar porous resin at a pH of 4.5 to 6.5 and a temperature of 20 to 40 ℃ comprises: adjusting the pH value to 5.2-5.8, and carrying out adsorption treatment on the liquid to be adsorbed under the conditions of stirring and 28-32 ℃ at the stirring speed of 160-180 rpm for 28-32 minutes; and (c) and (d),
(tc 2) the step of performing desorption treatment on the adsorbate-containing resin at a temperature of 55-65 ℃ by using 50-95% (v/v) ethanol aqueous solution comprises: and (2) carrying out analysis treatment on the adsorbate-containing resin under the conditions of stirring and 58-62 ℃, wherein the stirring speed is 160-180 rpm, and the treatment time is 28-32 minutes.
5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein one or both of the following characteristics are satisfied:
(td 1) the fermented yeast milk is from saccharomyces cerevisiae or candida, and/or the fermented yeast milk is obtained by high-density fermentation, and/or the yeast in the fermented yeast milk is separated and cleaned to have the mass concentration of 16-20%;
(td 2) in the step of concentrating and/or drying the supernatant after the solid-liquid separation, the concentration mode is evaporation concentration, and the drying mode is air-controlled drying, wherein the air inlet temperature is 160-180 ℃, and the air outlet temperature is 80-100 ℃;
(td 3) in the step of concentrating and/or drying the yeast analysis solution, the drying method is spray drying; and the combination of (a) and (b),
(td 4) the autolytic enzymolysis comprises sequentially subjecting the fermented yeast milk to yeast autolysis, composite enzymolysis, nucleic acid enzymolysis and deamination enzymolysis to respectively prepare yeast solution, composite enzymolysis liquid, nucleic acid enzymolysis liquid and deamination enzymolysis liquid after autolysis treatment; wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the yeast autolysis step comprises: adding citric acid and ethyl acetate into the fermented yeast milk, adjusting the mass concentration of the yeast to 10% -15% by using water, heating to 47-48 ℃, carrying out heat shock, then keeping the temperature at 47-48 ℃ for 4.5-5.5 h, heating to 51-52 ℃, and keeping the temperature for 2.5-3.5 h to obtain the yeast liquid after autolysis treatment; wherein the adding concentration of the citric acid is 1-8% of the weight of the dry yeast in the fermented yeast milk, and the adding concentration of the ethyl acetate is 1-12% of the weight of the dry yeast in the fermented yeast milk; and/or the like, and/or,
the composite enzymolysis step comprises the following steps: heating the yeast liquid after autolysis treatment to 57-59 ℃, adjusting the pH value to 5.8-6.0, adding alkaline protease, papain and flavor enzyme, wherein the addition amount of each enzyme is 0.8-1.5 per mill independently, and then preserving heat for 7-9 hours to prepare the composite enzymolysis liquid; wherein the enzyme adding amount takes the mass of the dried yeast in the yeast liquid after autolysis treatment as a reference; and/or the like, and/or,
the step of nucleic acid enzymolysis comprises: heating the composite enzymolysis liquid to 67-69 ℃, adding nuclease with the enzyme amount of 4.5-5.5 per mill, and then preserving heat for 18-22 hours to prepare the nucleic acid enzymolysis liquid; wherein the enzyme adding amount takes the mass of the dried yeast in the composite enzymolysis liquid as a reference; and/or the like, and/or,
the deamination enzymolysis step comprises the following steps: cooling the nuclease hydrolysate to 49-51 ℃, adjusting the pH to 5.2-5.8, adding deaminase with the enzyme amount of 2.5-3.5 per mill, and then preserving the heat for 10-15 hours; wherein the amount of the enzyme is based on the mass of the dried yeast in the nucleic acid enzymolysis solution.
6. A yeast extract produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. The yeast extract according to claim 6, wherein the mass content of reducing sugars in the yeast extract is less than 5%, and the mass content of total sugars is less than 20%; and/or the presence of a catalyst in the reaction mixture,
the dry weight content of I + G in the yeast extract is less than 10%.
8. Use of yeast extract according to claim 6 or 7 for the preparation of a seasoning.
9. Seasoning, comprising the yeast extract of claim 6 or 7 and a seasoning base, preferably wherein the yeast extract is contained in the seasoning in an amount of 0.1 to 0.3% by weight.
10. A chicken essence seasoning, comprising the yeast extract of claim 6 or 7 and a chicken essence seasoning base material, wherein the yeast extract is preferably contained in the chicken essence seasoning in an amount of 0.1 to 0.3 percent by mass.
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| WO2022135181A1 (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-06-30 | 安琪酵母股份有限公司 | Preparation method for and application of soluble glucan-rich yeast extract |
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| CN104371000A (en) * | 2013-08-14 | 2015-02-25 | 梅乐和 | Method for extracting glutathione and ribonucleic acid in beer waste yeast with high efficiency |
| CN103992363A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-08-20 | 菏泽学院 | Method for preparing trehalose and yeast extract by utilization of waste beer yeast |
| CN108719925A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-11-02 | 成都珪食品开发股份有限公司 | A kind of vegetarian diet Chinese prickly ash flavoring and preparation method thereof |
| WO2022135181A1 (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-06-30 | 安琪酵母股份有限公司 | Preparation method for and application of soluble glucan-rich yeast extract |
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