CN115377536A - Battery charging and discharging method, battery module, battery pack and power supply device - Google Patents
Battery charging and discharging method, battery module, battery pack and power supply device Download PDFInfo
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- CN115377536A CN115377536A CN202211116248.5A CN202211116248A CN115377536A CN 115377536 A CN115377536 A CN 115377536A CN 202211116248 A CN202211116248 A CN 202211116248A CN 115377536 A CN115377536 A CN 115377536A
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Si] Chemical compound [O].[Si] OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery charging and discharging method, a battery module, a battery pack and a power supply device, which comprise: performing charge-discharge circulation on the battery at normal temperature; performing a charge-discharge cycle on the battery at a high temperature; and returning to the step of executing the charge-discharge cycle of the battery at the normal temperature so as to start the next temperature alternate cycle. According to the battery charging and discharging method, the battery module, the battery pack and the power supply device, the charging and discharging cycle of the battery is changed from being carried out at a single temperature to being carried out alternately at two different temperatures, namely a normal temperature and a high temperature, so that the formation of an excessively thick SE I layer can be avoided, the decomposition and gas production of electrolyte can be greatly reduced, the cycle performance of the battery is improved, and the battery charging and discharging method, the battery module, the battery pack and the power supply device have wide market application prospects.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a battery charging and discharging method, a battery module, a battery pack and a power supply device.
Background
Carbon-based materials, represented by graphite, are the main materials used in the negative electrode of lithium ion batteries, and directly affect the electrochemical performance of the lithium ion batteries. With the increasing demand of people on the energy density of lithium ion batteries, the application of silicon-based materials is greatly concerned and developed.
Silicon is widely distributed in nature and is one of the elements with extremely high earth crust content and abundance. The theoretical specific capacity of the silicon is up to 4200mAh/g, which is more than 10 times of the theoretical specific capacity (372 mAh/g) of the graphite, and the energy density of the lithium ion battery can be greatly improved.
However, the silicon-based materials have problems as negative electrode materials for lithium ion batteries: when the silicon-based material is charged and discharged at normal temperature, the volume change of the silicon-based material is large in the process of lithium intercalation and deintercalation, so that the active material is pulverized, a new Solid Electrolyte Interface (SEI) is repeatedly generated, the formed SEI is thick, a large amount of active lithium is consumed, the conductivity of the battery is reduced, the dynamics is deteriorated, and the cycle performance of the battery is rapidly degraded; when the battery is charged and discharged at high temperature, the dynamics of the battery is better, the SEI layer can be partially dissolved while being formed, so that the formed SEI layer is thinner, but the decomposition of the electrolyte is aggravated at high temperature, the gas production is increased, and the cycle performance of the battery is finally reduced.
Accordingly, there is a need for improvements in the art.
The above information is given as background information only to aid in understanding the present disclosure, and no determination or admission is made as to whether any of the above is available as prior art against the present disclosure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a battery charging and discharging method, a battery module, a battery pack and a power supply device, which aim to solve the problem that the cycle performance of a battery is rapidly degraded when the battery is subjected to charging and discharging cycle at a single temperature in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for charging and discharging a battery, the method comprising:
performing charge-discharge circulation on the battery at normal temperature;
performing a charge-discharge cycle on the battery at a high temperature;
and returning to the step of executing the charge-discharge cycle of the battery at the normal temperature so as to start the next temperature alternate cycle.
Further, in the battery charging and discharging method, the normal temperature is lower than the high temperature, and a difference between the high temperature and the normal temperature is greater than a set value.
Further, in the battery charging and discharging method, the normal temperature is in the range of 18-30 ℃;
the high temperature range is 45-60 ℃;
the set point was 25 ℃.
Further, in the battery charging and discharging method, the step of performing a charging and discharging cycle on the battery at the normal temperature includes:
performing charge-discharge cycle on the battery for M weeks at normal temperature, wherein M is a positive number;
the step of performing charge-discharge cycling on the battery at the high temperature comprises:
the battery is subjected to a charge-discharge cycle at a high temperature for N cycles, N being a positive number.
In the battery charging and discharging method, M is larger than N, and M and N satisfy a set relation.
Further, in the battery charging and discharging method, the range of M is 20-300;
the range of N is 5-30;
the set relational expression is M > 5N.
Further, in the battery charging and discharging method, the step of performing a charging and discharging cycle for M cycles, where M is a positive number, on the battery at the normal temperature includes:
charging the battery at a constant charging rate at normal temperature to an upper voltage limit;
standing, and discharging the battery at a fixed discharge rate after standing until the battery is discharged to the lower limit of voltage;
and returning to the step of charging the battery at the normal temperature at a fixed charging rate and charging to the upper limit of the voltage so as to start the next charge-discharge cycle until M cycles are circulated, wherein M is a positive number.
Further, the method for charging and discharging a battery, wherein the step of performing a charge and discharge cycle on the battery at a normal temperature for M cycles, wherein M is a positive number, comprises:
carrying out step charging on the battery at different charging rates at normal temperature until the battery is charged to the upper limit of voltage;
standing, and discharging the battery at a fixed discharge rate after standing until the battery is discharged to the lower limit of voltage;
and returning to the step of performing step charging on the battery at the normal temperature and with different charging multiplying power until the battery is charged to the upper limit of the voltage, so as to start the next charging and discharging cycle until M cycles are performed, wherein M is a positive number.
Further, in the battery charge/discharge method, the step of performing a charge/discharge cycle on the battery at a high temperature for N cycles, where N is a positive number, includes:
charging the battery at a high temperature at a fixed charging rate to an upper voltage limit;
standing, and discharging the battery at a fixed discharge rate after standing until the battery is discharged to a lower voltage limit;
and returning to the step of charging the battery at the high temperature at a fixed charging rate and charging to the upper limit of the voltage so as to start the next charge-discharge cycle until N cycles are circulated, wherein N is a positive number.
Further, in the battery charging and discharging method, the step of performing a charging and discharging cycle on the battery at a high temperature for N cycles, where N is a positive number, includes:
carrying out step charging on the battery at different charging multiplying powers at a high temperature until the battery is charged to the upper limit of voltage;
standing, and discharging the battery at a fixed discharge rate after standing until the battery is discharged to the lower limit of voltage;
and returning to the step of performing step charging on the battery at different charging rates at high temperature until the battery is charged to the upper limit of the voltage, so as to start the next charge-discharge cycle until N cycles are circulated, wherein N is a positive number.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a battery module, which includes a battery body and a battery management unit connected to the battery body, wherein the battery management unit charges and discharges the battery body by using the battery charging and discharging method according to the first aspect.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a battery pack including the battery module according to the second aspect.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a power supply apparatus comprising the battery module according to the second aspect or the battery pack according to the third aspect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the battery charging and discharging method, the battery module, the battery pack and the power supply device, the charging and discharging cycle of the battery is changed from being carried out at a single temperature to being carried out alternately at two different temperatures, namely a normal temperature and a high temperature, so that an over-thick SEI layer can be prevented from being formed, the decomposition gas production of electrolyte can be greatly reduced, the cycle performance of the battery is improved, and the battery has a wide market application prospect.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a battery charging and discharging method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional electron microscope image of a lithium ion battery containing a silicon-based negative electrode material according to an example of the present invention, when tested in a comparative group 1, during charge and discharge cycles at an ambient temperature of 25 ℃ only;
fig. 3 is a cross-sectional electron microscope image of a lithium ion battery containing a silicon-based negative electrode material during charge and discharge cycles at temperatures of 25 ℃ and 60 ℃ alternately, when an experiment of experimental group 1 was performed, according to an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the embodiments described below are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When a component is referred to as being "disposed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or intervening components may also be present.
Furthermore, the terms "long", "short", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on orientations or positional relationships illustrated in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description of the present invention, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have the specific orientation, be configured to operate in the specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
Example one
In view of the above-mentioned defects of the conventional lithium ion battery charging and discharging technology containing the silicon-based negative electrode material, the applicant of the present invention actively makes research and innovation based on the practical experience and professional knowledge that is rich in many years of design and manufacture of such products, and by using the theory, hopefully creates a technology capable of solving the defects in the prior art, so that the lithium ion battery charging and discharging technology containing the silicon-based negative electrode material has higher practicability. After continuous research and design and repeated trial production and improvement, the invention with practical value is finally created.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a battery charging and discharging method according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the method is suitable for a scenario of charging and discharging a lithium ion battery containing a silicon-based negative electrode material. The method can be realized by software and/or hardware, and specifically comprises the following steps:
and S100, performing charge and discharge circulation on the battery at the normal temperature.
The battery is a lithium ion battery containing a silicon-based negative electrode material. The silicon-based material comprises a silicon-oxygen material, a metal-doped silicon-oxygen material, a nano silicon composite carbon material and the like.
The value range of the normal temperature is 18-30 ℃, that is, in the embodiment, one temperature can be arbitrarily selected from the temperature range of 18-30 ℃ as the normal temperature, and then the battery is subjected to charge-discharge-recharge-redischarge cycle at the selected temperature.
And S200, performing charge and discharge circulation on the battery at a high temperature.
It should be noted that the value range of the high temperature is 45-60 ℃, that is, in this embodiment, a temperature within the temperature range of 45-60 ℃ can be arbitrarily selected as the high temperature, and then the battery is subjected to a cycle of charge-discharge-recharge-re-discharge at the selected temperature, as in the case of the battery at the normal temperature.
It should be added that, although both the normal temperature and the high temperature may be indefinite values, the normal temperature and the high temperature may have respective values that need to be satisfied. Specifically, the normal temperature needs to be lower than the high temperature, and a difference between the high temperature and the normal temperature is greater than a set value.
The set value may be set by a technician at will according to experience and practical application scenarios, and this embodiment is not limited in particular, but for example, the set value may be 25 ℃. Namely, when the normal temperature is 20 ℃, the high temperature is 45 ℃ or above.
And S300, starting the next temperature alternating cycle, and returning to execute the step S100.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the charge and discharge of the battery are set to be alternately and cyclically performed at two different temperatures, namely, the normal temperature and the high temperature, and it can be seen that in this embodiment, it is clear that the first charge and discharge of the battery needs to be performed at the normal temperature, and then the normal temperature-high temperature-normal temperature-high temperature cycle is performed, because if the first charge and discharge of the battery is performed at the high temperature, the cycle performance degradation of the battery is much larger than the cycle performance degradation of the battery when the first charge and discharge of the battery is performed at the normal temperature, so that the alternate charge and discharge cycle at different temperatures cannot be performed any more.
In this embodiment, the step S100 can be further detailed as follows: performing charge-discharge cycle on the battery for M weeks at normal temperature, wherein M is a positive number;
in this embodiment, the step S200 can be further detailed as follows: the battery is subjected to a charge-discharge cycle at a high temperature for N cycles, N being a positive number.
Wherein M is larger than N, and M and N satisfy a set relation.
In this embodiment, the range of M is 20 to 300, that is, in the range of 20 to 300 cycles, one cycle is arbitrarily selected as the cycle of normal-temperature charge and discharge, and then the cycle of charge-discharge-recharge-re-discharge performed at normal temperature of the battery is continued for the selected cycle.
Similarly, the range of N is 5 to 30, that is, in this embodiment, a cycle number can be arbitrarily selected from the range of 5 to 30 cycles as the cycle number of the high-temperature charge-discharge cycle, and then the cycle of charge-discharge-recharge-re-discharge performed at a high temperature of the battery is continued for the selected cycle number.
It should be added that, although both M and N may be indefinite values, the respective values of M and N also have conditions that need to be satisfied, that is, a set relational expression needs to be satisfied, so that when the value of M is determined, the value of N is determined accordingly, and conversely, when the value of N is determined, the value of M is determined accordingly.
The setting relation may be set by a technician according to experience and an actual application scenario, and this embodiment is not limited in particular, but for example, the setting relation may be M > 5N. That is, when the value of M is 30, the value of N needs to be 6 or less.
As mentioned in the background, the conventional cycle of charging and discharging a battery is performed at a single temperature, and the cycle performance of the battery is unsatisfactory whether the battery is cycled at a normal temperature, such as about 18-30 ℃, or at a higher temperature, such as 45-60 ℃. Therefore, in view of the different principles of cycle performance degradation of the lithium ion battery containing the silicon-based negative electrode material at normal temperature and high temperature, the applicant designs a temperature-alternating battery charging and discharging method, namely, the battery is subjected to charging and discharging cycle at normal temperature for a certain time, then subjected to charging and discharging cycle at high temperature for a certain time, and then subjected to charging and discharging cycle at normal temperature for a certain time, so that the cycle can not only avoid the formation of an excessively thick SEI layer, but also greatly reduce the decomposition and gas generation of the electrolyte, and further improve the cycle performance of the battery.
In this embodiment, the charging and discharging manner of the battery can be various, for example, constant rate charging or step charging, and the two charging and discharging manners are described as examples.
At normal temperature:
in the first embodiment, the step of performing charge-discharge cycles on the battery at the normal temperature for M weeks, where M is a positive number, may be further refined to include the steps of:
charging the battery at a constant charging rate at normal temperature to an upper voltage limit;
standing, and discharging the battery at a fixed discharge rate after standing until the battery is discharged to the lower limit of voltage;
and returning to the step of charging the battery at the normal temperature at a fixed charging rate and charging to the upper limit of the voltage so as to start the next charge-discharge cycle until M cycles are circulated, wherein M is a positive number.
In the second embodiment, the step of performing charge-discharge cycles on the battery at the normal temperature for M weeks, where M is a positive number, may be further refined to include the steps of:
carrying out step charging on the battery at normal temperature and different charging multiplying powers until the battery is charged to the upper limit of voltage;
standing, and discharging the battery at a fixed discharge rate after standing until the battery is discharged to the lower limit of voltage;
and returning to the step of performing step charging on the battery at the normal temperature and with different charging multiplying powers until the battery is charged to the upper limit of the voltage, so as to start the next charge-discharge cycle until M cycles are circulated, wherein M is a positive number.
The term "constant discharge rate" means that the battery is always charged at a certain charge rate, for example, the battery is always charged at a charge rate of 1C, or the battery is always charged at a charge rate of 0.5C; charging the battery at different charging rates means charging the battery at different times and different charging rates, for example, charging the battery at a charging rate of 1C and then charging the battery at a charging rate of 0.5C.
In the same way, at high temperature:
in the first embodiment, the step of performing a charge-discharge cycle on the battery at the high temperature for N cycles, where N is a positive number, may be further refined to include the steps of:
charging the battery at a high temperature at a fixed charging rate to an upper voltage limit;
standing, and discharging the battery at a fixed discharge rate after standing until the battery is discharged to the lower limit of voltage;
and returning to the step of charging the battery at the high temperature at a fixed charging rate and charging to the upper limit of the voltage so as to start the next charge-discharge cycle until N cycles are circulated, wherein N is a positive number.
In a second embodiment, the step of cycling the battery at the high temperature for N cycles, where N is a positive number, may be further refined to include the steps of:
carrying out step charging on the battery at different charging multiplying powers at a high temperature until the battery is charged to the upper limit of voltage;
standing, and discharging the battery at a fixed discharge rate after standing until the battery is discharged to the lower limit of voltage;
and returning to the step of performing step charging on the battery at different charging rates at high temperature until the battery is charged to the upper limit of the voltage, so as to start the next charge-discharge cycle until N cycles are circulated, wherein N is a positive number.
In order to verify the feasibility of the scheme provided in the present embodiment, a comparative experiment was performed in the present embodiment, and four experimental groups and three comparative groups are described below.
Experimental group 1: the anode is 8 high nickel material, and the cathode is silicon oxygen material doped with lithium;
temperature-alternating charge-discharge cycle test procedure:
1) Standing for 30 min @ (25 ± 2) ° c;
2) Discharging to 2.8V at constant current at 1C;
3) Standing for 15 minutes;
4) Charging at 0.5C and constant current to 4.25V, and charging at 4.25V and constant voltage to cutoff current of 0.05C or less;
5) Standing for 15 minutes;
6) Discharging the 1C to 2.8V at constant current;
7) Cycle 3) to 6) 100 weeks;
8) Standing for 2 hours at @ 60 +/-2 ℃ (ensuring that the temperature of the battery cell can reach 60 ℃);
9) Charging to 4.2V by constant current at 1C, and charging to cutoff current of less than or equal to 0.05C by constant voltage at 4.2V;
10 ) left for 15 minutes;
11 1C constant current discharge to 2.5V;
12 ) left for 15 minutes;
14 Cycle 9) to 12) 10 weeks;
15 Let stand for 2 hours @ (25 ± 2) ° c (ensure that the cell temperature returns to 25 ℃);
16 Cycle 3) to 15) cycles of 25 ℃ and 60 ℃ alternately until the end of the capacity fade to 80%.
Experimental group 2: the anode is 8 series high nickel material, the cathode is silicon oxygen material mixed with lithium;
charging and discharging process temperature alternate cycle test process:
1) Standing for 30 min @ (20 ± 2) ° c;
2) Discharging the 1C to 2.8V at constant current;
3) Standing for 15 minutes;
4) Charging to 4.25V at constant current of 0.5C and charging to cutoff current of less than or equal to 0.05C at constant voltage of 4.25V;
5) Standing for 15 minutes;
6) Discharging to 2.8V at constant current at 1C;
7) Cycles 3) to 6) for 200 weeks;
8) Standing for 2 hours @ 60 +/-2 ℃ to ensure that the temperature of the cell can reach 60 ℃;
9) Charging to 4.2V by constant current at 1C, and charging to cutoff current of less than or equal to 0.05C by constant voltage at 4.2V;
10 ) left for 15 minutes;
11 1C to 2.5V;
12 ) left for 15 minutes;
14 Cycle 9) to 12) 15 weeks;
15 Standing for 2 h @ 20 +/-2) (ensuring that the temperature of the cell returns to 20 ℃);
16 Cycle 3) to 15) cycles of 20 c and 60 c alternately until the end of the capacity fade to 80%.
Experimental group 3: the anode is 8 series high nickel material, the cathode is silicon oxygen material mixed with lithium;
temperature-alternating charge-discharge cycle test procedure:
1) Standing for 30 min @ (28 ± 2) ° c;
2) Discharging the 1C to 2.8V at constant current;
3) Standing for 15 minutes;
4) Charging at 0.5C and constant current to 4.25V, and charging at 4.25V and constant voltage to cutoff current of 0.05C or less;
5) Standing for 15 minutes;
6) Discharging the 1C to 2.8V at constant current;
7) Cycles 3) to 6) 150 weeks;
8) Standing for 2 hours @ 55 +/-2 ℃ to ensure that the temperature of the battery cell can reach 55 ℃;
9) Charging to 4.2V by constant current at 1C, and charging to cutoff current of less than or equal to 0.05C by constant voltage at 4.2V;
10 ) left for 15 minutes;
11 1C to 2.5V;
12 ) left for 15 minutes;
14 Cycle 9) to 12) for 20 weeks;
15 Standing for 2 h @ 28 +/-2 ℃ (ensuring that the temperature of the battery core returns to 28 ℃);
16 Cycle 3) to 15) alternating cycles of 28 ℃ and 55 ℃ until the end of the capacity fade to 80%.
Experimental group 4: the anode is 8 high nickel material, and the cathode is silicon oxygen material doped with lithium;
the temperature alternate cycle test process of the charge-discharge process comprises the following steps:
1) Standing for 30 min @ (18 ± 2) ° c;
2) Discharging to 2.8V at constant current at 1C;
3) Standing for 15 minutes;
4) Charging to 4.25V at constant current of 0.5C and charging to cutoff current of less than or equal to 0.05C at constant voltage of 4.25V;
5) Standing for 15 minutes;
6) Discharging the 1C to 2.8V at constant current;
7) Cycle 3) to 6) 80 weeks;
8) Standing for 2 hours @ 50 +/-2 ℃ to ensure that the temperature of the battery cell can reach 50 ℃;
9) Charging to 4.2V by constant current at 1C, and charging to cutoff current of less than or equal to 0.05C by constant voltage at 4.2V;
10 ) left for 15 minutes;
11 1C constant current discharge to 2.5V;
12 ) left for 15 minutes;
14 Cycle 9) to 12) 8 weeks;
15 Let stand for 2 hours @ (18 ± 2) ° c (ensure that the cell temperature returns to 18 ℃);
16 Cycle 3) to 15) alternating cycles of 18 ℃ and 50 ℃ until the end of the capacity fade to 80%.
Comparative group 1: the anode is 8 series high nickel material, the cathode is silicon oxygen material mixed with lithium;
1) Standing for 30 min @ (25 ± 2) ° c;
2) Discharging the 1C to 2.8V at constant current;
3) Standing for 15 minutes;
4) Charging to 4.25V at constant current of 0.5C and charging to cutoff current of less than or equal to 0.05C at constant voltage of 4.25V;
5) Standing for 15 minutes;
6) Discharging to 2.8V at constant current at 1C;
7) Cycles 3) to 6) until the end of the capacity fade to 80%.
Comparative group 2: the anode is 8 series high nickel material, the cathode is silicon oxygen material mixed with lithium;
1) Standing for 30 min @ (45 ± 2) ° c;
2) Discharging the 1C to 2.8V at constant current;
3) Standing for 15 minutes;
4) Charging to 4.25V at constant current of 0.5C and charging to cutoff current of less than or equal to 0.05C at constant voltage of 4.25V;
5) Standing for 15 minutes;
6) Discharging the 1C to 2.8V at constant current;
7) Cycles 3) to 6) until the end of the capacity fade to 80%.
Comparative group 3: the anode is 8 high nickel material, and the cathode is silicon oxygen material doped with lithium;
1) Standing for 30 min @ (60 ± 2) ° c;
2) Discharging the 1C to 2.8V at constant current;
3) Standing for 15 minutes;
4) Charging to 4.25V at constant current of 0.5C and charging to cutoff current of less than or equal to 0.05C at constant voltage of 4.25V;
5) Standing for 15 minutes;
6) Discharging the 1C to 2.8V at constant current;
7) Cycles 3) to 6) until the end of the capacity fade to 80%.
For specific experimental results, please refer to tables 1 and 2 below:
table 1:
table 2:
from the two tables, it can be seen that compared with the comparative group, the cycle number of the battery capacity in the experimental group decaying to 80% is far greater than that of the comparative group, so that the battery charge-discharge cycle mode with alternating temperature can obviously improve the cycle performance of the battery.
Specific effects of the comparative experiment can be seen in fig. 2 and 3, fig. 2 is a cross-sectional electron microscope image of the lithium ion battery containing the silicon-based negative electrode material only performing charge and discharge cycles at a normal temperature of 25 ℃ when the comparative experiment 1 is performed, and it can be seen from fig. 2 that the thickness of the SEI layer formed at this time is large and is about 1.0um; fig. 3 is a cross-sectional electron microscope image of the lithium ion battery containing the silicon-based negative electrode material during charge and discharge cycles at the temperature of 25 ℃ and 60 ℃ alternately in the experiment of experimental group 1, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that the thickness of the SEI layer formed at this time is small, about 0.5um.
According to the battery charging and discharging method provided by the invention, the charging and discharging cycle of the battery is changed from being carried out at a single temperature to being alternately carried out at two different temperatures, namely a normal temperature and a high temperature, so that an over-thick SEI layer can be prevented from being formed, the decomposition gas production of the electrolyte can be greatly reduced, the cycle performance of the battery is improved, and the battery charging and discharging method has a wide market application prospect.
Example two
The embodiment of the invention provides a battery module, which comprises a battery body and a battery management unit connected with the battery body, wherein the battery management unit adopts the battery charging and discharging method as described in the first embodiment to charge and discharge the battery body.
According to the battery module provided by the invention, the charge-discharge cycle of the battery is changed from being carried out at a single temperature to being alternately carried out at two different temperatures, namely a normal temperature and a high temperature, so that an SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) layer is prevented from being formed excessively thick, the decomposition and gas production of an electrolyte solution are greatly reduced, the cycle performance of the battery is improved, and the battery module has a wide market application prospect.
EXAMPLE III
An embodiment of the present invention provides a battery pack, including the battery module according to the second embodiment.
It should be noted that, the battery pack further includes necessary component designs such as a box body and a bus bar, and the specific function of the component designs is to ensure that each function of the battery pack normally operates.
According to the battery pack provided by the invention, the charge-discharge cycle of the battery is changed from single temperature to two different temperatures of normal temperature and high temperature, so that the formation of an over-thick SEI layer can be avoided, the decomposition gas production of the electrolyte can be greatly reduced, the cycle performance of the battery is improved, and the battery pack has a wide market application prospect.
Example four
An embodiment of the present invention provides a power supply device, including the battery module according to the second embodiment or the battery pack according to the third embodiment.
The power supply device in the present embodiment may be applied to, but not limited to, an electronic device, an electric vehicle, or an electric power storage system. The electronic device may be, for example, various computers, mobile phones, display screens, and the like, which use a power supply device as a driving power supply. The electric vehicle may be, for example, an electric vehicle, an electric tricycle, an electric bicycle, or the like that uses a power supply device as a driving power source. The power storage system may be, for example, a power storage system that uses a power supply device as a power storage source.
In these electronic devices, the power supply device may be electrically connected to the electric element to supply electric power to the electric element. Because the power supply unit's that this application provided quick charge ability is comparatively excellent, be favorable to like this that electronic equipment is arranged in application scenes such as outdoor energy storage, short-time power reserve and removal energy storage to make electronic equipment's application scene more extensive.
According to the power supply device provided by the invention, the charge-discharge cycle of the battery is changed from being carried out at a single temperature to being alternately carried out at two different temperatures, namely a normal temperature and a high temperature, so that the formation of an over-thick SEI layer can be avoided, the decomposition and gas production of the electrolyte can be greatly reduced, the cycle performance of the battery is improved, and the power supply device has a wide market application prospect.
In conclusion, after reading this detailed disclosure, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the foregoing detailed disclosure may be presented by way of example only, and may not be limiting. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present application is intended to cover various reasonable variations, adaptations, and modifications of the embodiments described herein, even though not expressly described herein. Such alterations, improvements, and modifications are intended to be suggested by this application and are within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of the application.
Furthermore, certain terminology has been used in this application to describe embodiments of the application. For example, "one embodiment," "an embodiment," and/or "some embodiments" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. Therefore, it is emphasized and should be appreciated that two or more references to "an embodiment" or "one embodiment" or "an alternative embodiment" in various portions of this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined as suitable in one or more embodiments of the application.
It should be appreciated that in the foregoing description of embodiments of the present application, various features are grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure aiding in the understanding of one feature. This is not to be taken as an admission that any of the features of the claims are essential, and it is fully possible for a person skilled in the art to extract some of them as separate embodiments when reading the present application. That is, embodiments in the present application may also be understood as an integration of multiple sub-embodiments. And each sub-embodiment described herein is equally applicable in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment.
Each patent, patent application, publication of a patent application, and other material, such as articles, books, descriptions, publications, documents, articles, and the like, cited herein is hereby incorporated by reference. All matters hithertofore set forth herein except as related to any prosecution history, may be inconsistent or conflicting with this document or any prosecution history which may have a limiting effect on the broadest scope of the claims. Now or later associated with this document. For example, if there is any inconsistency or conflict in the description, definition, and/or use of terms associated with any of the included materials with respect to the terms, descriptions, definitions, and/or uses associated with this document, the terms in this document shall be used.
Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments of the application disclosed herein are illustrative of the principles of the embodiments of the present application. Other modified embodiments are also within the scope of the present application. Accordingly, the disclosed embodiments are presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Those skilled in the art may implement the present application in alternative configurations according to the embodiments of the present application. Thus, embodiments of the present application are not limited to those precisely described in the application.
Claims (13)
1. A method for charging and discharging a battery, the method comprising:
performing charge-discharge circulation on the battery at normal temperature;
performing a charge-discharge cycle on the battery at a high temperature;
and returning to the step of executing the charge-discharge cycle of the battery at the normal temperature so as to start the next temperature alternate cycle.
2. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 1, wherein the normal temperature is lower than the high temperature, and a difference between the high temperature and the normal temperature is greater than a set value.
3. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 2, wherein the normal temperature is in a range of 18 to 30 ℃;
the high temperature range is 45-60 ℃;
the set point was 25 ℃.
4. A method of charging and discharging a battery according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the step of performing a charge and discharge cycle of the battery at the normal temperature comprises:
performing charge-discharge cycle on the battery for M weeks at normal temperature, wherein M is a positive number;
the step of performing charge-discharge cycling of the battery at the high temperature comprises:
the battery is subjected to a charge-discharge cycle at a high temperature for N weeks, N being a positive number.
5. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 4, wherein M is larger than N, and M and N satisfy a predetermined relationship.
6. The battery charging and discharging method according to claim 5, wherein the range of M is 20 to 300;
the range of N is 5-30;
the set relation is M > 5N.
7. The method for charging and discharging the battery according to claim 4, wherein the step of performing a charging and discharging cycle for M cycles, M being a positive number, at the normal temperature includes:
charging the battery at a constant charging rate at normal temperature to an upper voltage limit;
standing, and discharging the battery at a fixed discharge rate after standing until the battery is discharged to the lower limit of voltage;
and returning to the step of charging the battery at the normal temperature at a fixed charging rate and charging to the upper limit of the voltage so as to start the next charge-discharge cycle until M cycles are circulated, wherein M is a positive number.
8. The method of charging and discharging a battery according to claim 4, wherein the step of performing a charge-discharge cycle of the battery for M cycles, M being a positive number, at the normal temperature comprises:
carrying out step charging on the battery at normal temperature and different charging multiplying powers until the battery is charged to the upper limit of voltage;
standing, and discharging the battery at a fixed discharge rate after standing until the battery is discharged to the lower limit of voltage;
and returning to the step of performing step charging on the battery at the normal temperature and with different charging multiplying power until the battery is charged to the upper limit of the voltage, so as to start the next charging and discharging cycle until M cycles are performed, wherein M is a positive number.
9. The method of charging and discharging a battery according to claim 4, wherein said step of cycling said battery at a high temperature for N cycles, N being a positive number, comprises:
charging the battery at a high temperature at a fixed charging rate to an upper voltage limit;
standing, and discharging the battery at a fixed discharge rate after standing until the battery is discharged to the lower limit of voltage;
and returning to the step of charging the battery at the high temperature at a fixed charging rate and charging to the upper limit of the voltage so as to start the next charging and discharging cycle until N cycles are carried out, wherein N is a positive number.
10. The method of charging and discharging a battery according to claim 4, wherein the step of performing a charge-discharge cycle on the battery at a high temperature for N cycles, where N is a positive number, comprises:
carrying out step charging on the battery at different charging multiplying powers at a high temperature until the battery is charged to the upper limit of voltage;
standing, and discharging the battery at a fixed discharge rate after standing until the battery is discharged to the lower limit of voltage;
and returning to the step of performing step charging on the battery at different charging rates at high temperature until the battery is charged to the upper limit of the voltage, so as to start the next charge-discharge cycle until N cycles are circulated, wherein N is a positive number.
11. A battery module comprising a battery body and a battery management unit connected to the battery body, wherein the battery management unit charges and discharges the battery body by using the battery charging and discharging method according to any one of claims 1 to 10.
12. A battery pack comprising the battery module according to claim 11.
13. A power supply device characterized by comprising the battery module according to claim 11 or the battery pack according to claim 12.
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