CN115369691A - 一种紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸及其制备方法和应用,制备方法包括以下步骤:将超疏水悬浊液悬涂、浸涂或喷涂于滤纸上;再将得到的滤纸进行干燥;所述超疏水悬浊液由以下原料制成:原硅酸四乙酯0.5~5%w/v、纳米二氧化钛0.2~6%w/v、低表面能物质0.5~5%w/v、纳米二氧化硅0~6%w/v,余量为无水乙醇。本发明中的超疏水滤纸可用于油水混合物分离、油水乳液分离,以及用于制备Janus膜,且本发明原料易得,制备方法简单,成本低,可反复使用,易于处置,适于规模化生产与应用,具有广泛的社会效益和经济价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机无机复合功能材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
纤维素基滤纸具有吸湿性、经济性、可持续性和生物降解性,在我们的日常生活中应用广泛。与金属网膜或其他硬质材料相比,纸基材料具有柔软、易成形等优点,用于油水分离材料的制备具有独特优势。尽管滤纸表面含有大量可用于功能化的羟基使其表面出亲水性,但基于滤纸也可以开发出不可润湿的特性用于不同的用途。虽然已有关于将亲水滤纸转变为具有疏水或双疏性质的滤纸的报道,但大多数的情况下复杂的制备程序和设备、高成本、耗时长和表面相容性差等缺陷还是在一定程度上阻碍了疏水/疏油普通滤纸的实际应用。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,克服以上背景技术中提到的不足和缺陷,提供一种紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸及其制备方法和应用,制备方法简便有效,制备得到超疏水滤纸不仅具有油水分离而且能实现乳液分离。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提出的技术方案为:
一种紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将超疏水悬浊液悬涂、浸涂或喷涂于滤纸上;再将得到的滤纸进行干燥;
所述超疏水悬浊液由以下原料制成:原硅酸四乙酯0.5~5%w/v、纳米二氧化钛0.2~6%w/v、低表面能物质0.5~5%w/v、纳米二氧化硅0~6%w/v,余量为无水乙醇。
上述超疏水悬浊液中,原硅酸四乙酯和低表面能物质能与滤纸上的羟基发生反应,分别键合在滤纸上,另外纳米二氧化钛、纳米二氧化硅表面少量的羟基与添加的低表面能物质(例如全氟辛基三氯硅烷)发生反应,其表面也可能包裹一层底表面能物质。而经过上述修饰的纳米二氧化钛、纳米二氧化硅可构建滤纸表面的粗糙度,且低表面能物质进一步使得滤纸的表面能降低,从而制备得到表面超疏水的滤纸。
优选的,所述滤纸为经过纳秒激光打孔的滤纸和/或未经过纳秒激光打孔的滤纸;所述经过纳秒激光打孔的滤纸、未经过纳秒激光打孔的滤纸均为快速定性滤纸、中速定性滤纸、慢速定性滤纸、快速定量滤纸、中速定量滤纸、慢速定量滤纸中的一种或多种;所述经过纳秒激光打孔为采用激光雕刻机打孔,打孔孔径大小为100~500μm。具体可为在边长是2cm正方形区域内打上100个孔,正方形排列,每行每列都是10个,孔径大小可为100μm、200μm,300μm、400μm或500μm。
其中,当所述滤纸为未经过纳秒激光打孔的滤纸时,超疏水滤纸的制备方法包括以下步骤:将超疏水悬浊液悬涂、浸涂或喷涂于滤纸上;再将得到的滤纸进行干燥;然后将所得滤纸经过纳秒激光打孔为采用激光雕刻机打孔,打孔孔径大小为100~500μm。
优选的,所述纳米二氧化钛由以下组分组成:粒径为10~30nm的纳米二氧化钛30~100%wt、粒径为90~130nm的纳米二氧化钛0~70%wt。其中,两种不同粒径的纳米二氧化钛的占比可均为50%。
本发明将上述粒径的纳米二氧化钛进行配合,更容易构建滤纸表面的粗糙度,从而制备得到性能优异的表面超疏水的滤纸。
所述低表面能物质为氟氯硅烷、含氟的烷基硅烷、长链烷基的氯硅烷及长链烷基的乙氧基硅烷中的一种或多种;其中,所述氟氯硅烷包括1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三氯硅烷;所述长链烷基的氯硅烷包括十八烷基三氯硅烷;进一步优选的,所述低表面能物质为1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三氯硅烷、十八烷基三氯硅烷中的一种或两种;
所述纳米二氧化硅粒径为20~40nm。
优选的,所述超疏水悬浊液由以下方法制备得到:按配比称取原硅酸四乙酯、纳米二氧化钛、低表面能物质,纳米二氧化硅,混合后加入无水乙醇,超声分散10~30min,即得所述超疏水悬浊液。
优选的,所述制备方法具体包括以下步骤:将滤纸浸没于超疏水悬浊液中,超声处理10~60s,将超疏水悬浊液浸涂于滤纸上;取出滤纸后进行干燥;所述干燥为自然干燥或加热烘干。上述超声处理时间如果过长,滤纸有可能变脆,容易穿孔。
优选的,所述超疏水悬浊液由以下原料制成:原硅酸四乙酯1%w/v、纳米二氧化钛3%w/v、低表面能物1%w/v,余量为无水乙醇。通过该配方的超疏水悬浊液制备得到的超疏水滤纸,具有优异的超疏水性能,但不具备超疏油性能。
优选的,所述超疏水悬浊液由以下原料制成:原硅酸四乙酯1%w/v、纳米二氧化钛3%w/v、纳米二氧化硅3%w/v、低表面能物质1%w/v,余量为无水乙醇。通过该配方的超疏水悬浊液可制备得到的超疏水滤纸,具有超疏水性能,又具有超疏油性能。
作为一个总的发明构思,本发明提供了一种通过上述制备方法制备得到的紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸。
作为一个总的发明构思,本发明提供了一种紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸的应用,具体为将所述超疏水滤纸用于油水混合物分离、油水乳液分离。
作为一个总的发明构思,本发明还提供了一种紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸的应用,具体为将所述超疏水滤纸用于制备Janus膜。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明制备方法能够将实验室普通滤纸从亲水性滤纸转变为超疏水滤纸,或转变为高疏水且高疏油的滤纸,该制备方法直接、简便有效。本发明制备方法不需要复杂的合成化学技术、也不需要过长的反应时间,仅仅是选择合适孔径的定性或定量滤纸,通过纳米颗粒、低表面能物质等的沉积即可实现滤纸表面的防水,以及油水混合物、油水乳液的分离。
(2)本发明中经过修饰的二氧化钛以及含有该二氧化钛的混合纳米颗粒具有紫外光响应特性,可实现有机污染物的去除;根据光照时间长短,还可调控其表面润湿性,制备成Janus滤纸,实现水或油滴的单向传输。
(3)本发明材料易得,造价低,稳定性好,可反复使用,易于处置,并适于大规模制备与应用。本发明结合了天然高分子材料与无机纳米材料的优点,分别制备了超疏水滤纸以及超疏水且超疏油滤纸,实现油水分离。通过调节滤纸的孔径尺寸,实现了乳液的分离及液滴的在气液及液液体系中的单向传输。本发明方法工艺简单、成本低、节能环保;使用后的滤纸易于处置,可回收利用或焚烧,环境友好,适于规模化生产与应用,具有广泛的社会效益和经济价值。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为实施例1中水包油乳液经超疏水滤纸分离前后的可视图及光学显微镜图像;
图2为实施例1中超疏水滤纸的扫描电镜图;
图3为实施例2中油包水乳液经疏水滤纸分离前后的可视图及光学显微镜图像;
图4为实施例2中超疏水滤纸的扫描电镜(SEM)及元素的面分布(EDS)分析图;
图5为实施例3中的油水分离装置及油水分离效率图;
图6为具有不同表面张力的液滴在实施例4中超疏水滤纸表面上的润湿性可视图;
图7为打孔孔径为100μm的超疏水滤纸紫外照射1h后液滴不穿透的可视图;
图8为打孔孔径为100μm的超疏水滤纸紫外照射1.5h后在空气中的单向传输可视图;
图9为打孔孔径为300μm的超疏水滤纸紫外照射1h后水的单向传输过程的可视图;
图10为采用本发明超疏水油水分离过程图。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下文将结合说明书附图和较佳的实施例对本发明做更全面、细致地描述,但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体实施例。
除非另有定义,下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的,并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非另有特别说明,本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
实施例1:
一种紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)以重量比或体积比计,称取0.15%(w/v)纳米二氧化钛(粒径为10~30nm)、0.15%(w/v)纳米二氧化钛(粒径为90~130nm)、1%(w/v)原硅酸四乙酯、1%(w/v)1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三氯硅烷,混合后加入无水乙醇定容,超声分散30min,得超疏水悬浊液。
(2)将慢速定性滤纸(孔径为10~15μm)浸没于上述超疏水悬浊液中,超声处理10s,取出后室温下自然晾干,得超疏水滤纸。
该超疏水滤纸与水的接触角为155°,可实现水包油乳液(99%水,1%四氯化碳,0.4mg/L吐温80)的有效分离,其中水包油乳液为经高速搅拌混合后形成的乳白色液体(图1a),光学显微镜图像如图1c所示,通过优化的超疏水滤纸过滤后可得到澄清的液体(图1b),光学显微镜图像如图1d所示。上述超疏水滤纸的扫描电镜图2表明在滤纸的纤维骨架上负载上了很多纳米颗粒,原有的孔径减少。
实施例2:
一种紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)以重量比或体积比计,称取1%(w/v)纳米二氧化钛(粒径为10~30nm)、1%(w/v)纳米二氧化钛(粒径为90~130nm)、1%(w/v)原硅酸四乙酯、1%(w/v)1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三氯硅烷,混合后加入无水乙醇定容,超声分散30min,得超疏水悬浊液。
(2)将慢速定性滤纸(孔径10~15μm)浸没于上述超疏水悬浊液中,超声处理10s,取出后室温下自然晾干,得超疏水滤纸。
该超疏水滤纸与水的接触角为158°,可实现油包水乳液(1%水,99%四氯化碳,0.4mg/L司班80)的有效分离,其中油包水乳液为经高速搅拌混合后形成的乳黄色液体(图3a),光学显微镜图像如图3c所示,通过优化的超疏水滤纸过滤后可得到澄清的液体(图3b),光学显微镜图像如图3d所示。通过光学显微镜观察,在分离前都能明显看到液滴分布,分离后变得无杂质,表明超疏水滤纸能将乳液分离开。
由图4可知,在超疏水滤纸的纤维骨架上负载上了很多纳米颗粒,原有滤纸的孔径明显减少。在滤纸的表面分布的C、O、F、Si、Cl、Ti的含量分别为52.9%,32.5%,7.0%,0.75%,0.16%,6.7%。
实施例3:
一种紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)以重量比或体积比计,称取1%(w/v)十八烷基三氯硅烷(OTS)、1%(w/v)原硅酸四乙酯、3%(w/v)纳米二氧化钛(粒径为10~30nm),混合后加入无水乙醇定容,超声分散30min,得超疏水悬浊液。
(2)将慢速定性滤纸(孔径10~15μm)浸没于上述超疏水悬浊液中,超声处理10s,取出后室温下自然晾干,得超疏水滤纸。
该超疏水滤纸与水的接触角为162°,有很好的超疏水性能,但表面张力较低的油相则会直接润湿表面,将超疏水滤纸放在漏斗中,然后将5mL的苏丹红染色的油相(正己烷、氯仿、甲苯和大豆油)与5mL水混合后倒入漏斗中,染色的油相透过改性滤纸滴入量筒中,通过计算回收油相和添加油相的比值计算超疏水滤纸的油水分离效率,结果如图5所示,滤纸对3种有机试剂及大豆油都有很好的分离效率,分离效率都在90%以上,且经过10次循环利用后,分离效率并未明显下降,说明通过浸渍法制备的超疏水滤纸具有很好的实用价值。
实施例4:
一种紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)以重量比或体积比计,称取1%(w/v)原硅酸四乙酯、3%(w/v)纳米二氧化硅(粒径为20~40nm)、3%(w/v)纳米二氧化钛(粒径为10~30nm)、1%(w/v)1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三氯硅烷,混合后用无水乙醇定容,超声分散30min,得超疏水悬浊液。
(2)将慢速定性滤纸(孔径10~15μm)浸没于上述超疏水悬浊液中,超声处理10s,取出后室温下自然晾干,得超疏水滤纸。
该超疏水滤纸与水的接触角为162°,有很好的超疏水性能,同时对表面张力较低的油也具有较大的接触角,表明有很强的疏油性。图6展示了水,甘油,丁二醇,大豆油和1-十八烯在改性的滤纸表面的状态,在滤纸上4种液滴的接触角分别为168°,158°,154°,145°和121°。
实施例5:
一种紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)以重量比或体积比计,将0.15%(w/v)纳米二氧化钛(粒径为10~30nm)、0.15%(w/v)纳米二氧化钛(粒径为90~130nm)、1%(w/v)原硅酸四乙酯、1%(w/v)1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三氯硅烷,混合后加入乙醇定容,超声分散30min,得超疏水悬浊液。
(2)设置一定参数,通过纳米激光雕刻机(20W,1024nm),对慢速定性滤纸(孔径10~15μm)进行打孔(打孔孔径大小为100μm-500μm),具体为在边长是2cm正方形区域内打上100个孔,正方形排列,每行每列都是10个;然后将打孔滤纸浸没于上述超疏水悬浊液中,超声处理10s,取出后室温下自然晾干,得超疏水滤纸。
上述超疏水滤纸双面都超疏水,对超疏水滤纸的一面进行紫外光照射不同时间,被照射的一面由超疏水变为超亲水,被紫外光照射一面后的滤纸就具有了Janus膜的液滴单向传输性。
超疏水滤纸(打孔孔径为100μm)紫外照射1h后,不能在空气中单向传输,如图7所示,在滤纸超疏水的一面滴上一滴染色的水,10s之后,水滴依然在滤纸上,而未穿透到亲水的一面。
超疏水滤纸(打孔孔径为100μm)紫外光照射1.5h后,水滴能在空气中单向传输,如图8所示,在滤纸疏水面滴一滴染色的水,15s之后,水滴消失,将滤纸翻过来发现水滴全部穿透到另一面。而在滤纸亲水面滴一滴染色的水,水滴直接铺展到滤纸表面,滤纸翻过来之后发现滤纸另一面依然是没有蓝染色的水,说明水滴未穿透到另一面。从而证明了滤纸的单向传输性。图9为超疏水滤纸(打孔孔径为300μm)紫外照射1h后水的单向传输过程可视图。(a)当紫外光照射的亲水面朝上时,疏水面朝下,水滴在滤纸上面铺展开,而没有透过;(b)当疏水面朝上,紫外光照射的亲水面朝下时,水滴能慢慢穿透。
由上可知,激光打孔不同孔径大小的滤纸,滴涂上述超疏水悬浊液后还可实现液液界面间的单向传输。
本发明中,滤纸浸渍、滴涂、旋涂或喷涂实施例1~5中任意配方的超疏水悬浊液后均有超疏水性,部分配方的超疏水悬浊液处理后的滤纸还具有高疏油性。
本发明涂覆实施例1~5中任意配方的超疏水悬浊液的未打孔的慢速定性滤纸以及打孔孔径为300μm的慢速定性滤纸等都实现了油水分离,未打孔的滤纸油水分离速度较慢,打孔滤纸油水分离速度较快。如图10所示,将蓝色的水和无色的四氯化碳一起倒入油水分离装置中(采用实施例1中制备的未打孔超疏水滤纸),随着时间的流逝,四氯化碳全部穿透滤纸到锥形瓶中,而水被滤纸阻挡,留在滤纸上方,实现了油水分离。
Claims (10)
1.一种紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将超疏水悬浊液悬涂、浸涂或喷涂于滤纸上;再将得到的滤纸进行干燥;
所述超疏水悬浊液由以下原料制成:原硅酸四乙酯0.5~5%w/v、纳米二氧化钛0.2~6%w/v、低表面能物质0.5~5%w/v、纳米二氧化硅0~6%w/v,余量为无水乙醇。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述滤纸为经过纳秒激光打孔的滤纸和/或未经过纳秒激光打孔的滤纸;所述经过纳秒激光打孔的滤纸、未经过纳秒激光打孔的滤纸均为快速定性滤纸、中速定性滤纸、慢速定性滤纸、快速定量滤纸、中速定量滤纸、慢速定量滤纸中的一种或多种;所述经过纳秒激光打孔为采用激光雕刻机打孔,打孔孔径大小为100~500μm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纳米二氧化钛由以下组分组成:粒径为10~30nm的纳米二氧化钛30~100%wt、粒径为90~130nm的纳米二氧化钛0~70%wt;
所述低表面能物质为氟氯硅烷、含氟的烷基硅烷、长链烷基的氯硅烷及长链烷基的乙氧基硅烷中的一种或多种;其中,所述氟氯硅烷包括1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟辛基三氯硅烷;所述长链烷基的氯硅烷包括十八烷基三氯硅烷;
所述纳米二氧化硅粒径为20~40nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述超疏水悬浊液由以下方法制备得到:按配比称取原硅酸四乙酯、纳米二氧化钛、低表面能物质,纳米二氧化硅,混合后加入无水乙醇,超声分散10~30min,即得所述超疏水悬浊液。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法具体包括以下步骤:将滤纸浸没于超疏水悬浊液中,超声处理10~60s;取出滤纸后进行干燥;所述干燥为自然干燥或加热烘干。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述超疏水悬浊液由以下原料制成:原硅酸四乙酯1%w/v、纳米二氧化钛3%w/v、低表面能物1%w/v,余量为无水乙醇。
7.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述超疏水悬浊液由以下原料制成:原硅酸四乙酯1%w/v、纳米二氧化钛3%w/v、纳米二氧化硅3%w/v、低表面能物质1%w/v,余量为无水乙醇。
8.一种如权利要求1~7中任一项所述的制备方法制备得到的紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸。
9.一种如权利要求8所述的紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸的应用,其特征在于,将所述超疏水滤纸用于油水混合物分离、油水乳液分离。
10.一种如权利要求8所述的紫外光智能响应的超疏水滤纸的应用,其特征在于,将所述超疏水滤纸用于制备Janus膜。
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