CN115369415A - Method and device for removing iron-chromium-aluminum surface oxide skin - Google Patents
Method and device for removing iron-chromium-aluminum surface oxide skin Download PDFInfo
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- -1 iron-chromium-aluminum Chemical compound 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- QRRWWGNBSQSBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;chromium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Cr] QRRWWGNBSQSBAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 27
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 11
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 7
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002060 Fe-Cr-Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010963 304 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000589 SAE 304 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- YOFIALCKJMGHCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe+2].[Cr+3].[O-2].[Al+3].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2] Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Cr+3].[O-2].[Al+3].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2] YOFIALCKJMGHCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001691 hercynite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005491 wire drawing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for removing iron-chromium-aluminum surface oxide skin, belonging to the technical field of processing of electrothermal alloy materials, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of enabling an iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece to pass through a vacuum arc region at a specific speed, controlling the current of the vacuum arc region to be a first set value, and controlling the distance between the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece and an electrode in the vacuum arc region to be a second set value so as to remove oxide skin on the surface of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece. The device comprises a power supply, a vacuum chamber and an electric arc processing device arranged in the vacuum chamber, wherein the positive pole of the power supply is electrically connected with the electric arc processing device, and the negative pole of the power supply is electrically connected with an iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece passing through the electric arc processing device. By using the method and the device, acid and alkali are not used in the whole process, harmful gas is not discharged, solid waste and waste liquid are not generated, the surface of the treated workpiece is dry, and secondary oxidation or corrosion cannot be generated in the subsequent normal-temperature drying and storage.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of processing of electrothermal alloy materials, in particular to a method and a device for removing oxide skin on the surface of iron, chromium and aluminum.
Background
The Fe-Cr-Al series electrothermal alloy material generally contains 12-27% of Cr and 3-8% of Al, and the Cr and the Al are oxidized to generate Al under the condition of high temperature 2 O 3 And FeCr 2 O 4 Spinel, a compact oxide film is formed on the surface of the alloy material, and the oxide film has good oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance. In the actual production process, in order to prolong the service life of the material under the high-temperature condition, ti, rare earth elements and the like are usually added to promote Al 2 O 3 While enhancing the adhesion of the oxide film to the metal substrate. The improvement of oxidation and corrosion resistance of the electrothermal alloy material also leads to difficult removal of oxide scale of the material. In the hot rolling and heat treatment processes, oxide films are generated, which not only influences the subsequent production and processing of the electrothermal alloy material, but also influences the surface quality of the product. Therefore, the oxide film of the electrothermal alloy material needs to be removed in advance in the subsequent drawing process.
The existing scale removing process mainly comprises a mechanical method and a chemical method. Mechanical methods include belt sanding, mechanical shelling, and the like. Wherein, the abrasive belt polishing method can not ensure the complete removal of oxide skin, so acid is needed for rinsing; according to the mechanical peeling method, the peeling thickness is difficult to control, and if the material size is irregular, the peeling amount of the metal matrix is increased, so that the yield is influenced.
The chemical method can be divided into caustic soda pickling, electrolytic pickling, ultrasonic pickling and the like. The descaling process route actually used at present is as follows: the hot rolled wire rod is soaked in molten sodium hydroxide (650-680 ℃), and then is quenched, pickled and passivated by nitric acid (after each step is finished, the hot rolled wire rod is washed by water) to obtain the hot rolled wire rod with the oxide scale removed.
The prior descaling process has the following problems: (1) the temperature of the molten alkali is high, the energy consumption is large, and the alkali fog generated in the water quenching process is harmful to human bodies; (2) the acid mist and the waste acid liquid generated by acid washing have great pollution to the environment, and although the pollution of the acid mist and the waste acid liquid to the environment can be improved to a certain extent by adopting the measures of waste acid recycling, sealing, air exhaust, an acid mist absorption tower and the like, the problem of environmental pollution cannot be fundamentally solved; (3) the water consumption is large, the washing water and the pickling water are polluted and cannot be directly discharged, and the washing water and the pickling water are used as turbid circulating water in a factory after being purified; (4) the metal consumption is large, the surface oxide film is washed away, a part of the material substrate can be washed away, the actual consumption reaches 3-4%, and the oxide film accounts for only about 2%; (5) the disposal of the waste acid liquid and the neutralized mud generated in the cleaning process increases the production cost. Therefore, under the condition of increasing severe safety and environmental protection situation, the safety and environmental protection problems of the pickling process can limit the use of the pickling process, and restrict the development of enterprises. Therefore, an environment-friendly pickling-free descaling process is urgently needed to be developed.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a method for removing an iron-chromium-aluminum surface oxide skin, and aims to solve the technical problem of great environmental pollution of the existing oxide skin removing technology.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for removing iron-chromium-aluminum surface scale, where the method includes: the method comprises the steps of enabling an iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece to pass through a vacuum arc region at a specific speed, controlling the current of the vacuum arc region to be a first set value, and controlling the distance between the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece and an electrode in the vacuum arc region to be a second set value so as to remove oxide skin on the surface of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece.
Further, the set speed is 3-15 m/min, the first set value is 5-2000A, and the second set value is 10-1000 mm.
Further, the set speed is 3-5m/min, the first set value is 1000A, and the second set value is 500mm.
Further, the processing power of the vacuum arc area is 15-100 KW.
Further, the degree of vacuum in the vacuum arc region is 1 × 10 -4 ～1×10 3 Pa。
Further, before removing the oxide skin on the surface of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece by using the vacuum electric arc, the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece undergoes a straightening process.
In a second aspect, based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus used in combination with the method for removing iron-chromium-aluminum surface scale described in the first aspect, where the vacuum arc region includes a power supply and a vacuum chamber, and further includes an arc processing apparatus disposed in the vacuum chamber, a positive electrode of the power supply is electrically connected to the arc processing apparatus, and a negative electrode of the power supply is electrically connected to an iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece passing through the arc processing apparatus.
Furthermore, a straightening mechanism is arranged behind the vacuum chamber along the workpiece transmission direction.
Furthermore, a transmission mechanism is arranged in the vacuum chamber, and the contact points of the outgoing line guide wheel, the inlet dynamic seal, the vacuum chamber, the transmission mechanism and the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece are all on the same reference line.
Further, the automatic control system is further included and used for adjusting the current of the power supply and the transmission speed of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the application has the following advantages:
according to the method for removing the iron-chromium-aluminum surface oxide scale, the vacuum arc cathode spots are utilized to erode the surface of the steel serving as the cathode, the size of the cathode spots is small, the current density is large, the generated Joule heat enables the local temperature rise to form a molten pool, charged particles are emitted outwards to form plasma, the moving direction of the plasma is restrained through a magnetic field, the surface oxide scale is ablated to form steam or is decomposed, and the purpose of removing the oxide scale is achieved. Acid and alkali are not used in the whole process, harmful gas is not discharged, solid waste is not generated, and waste liquid is not generated. The temperature of the treated material is lower than 200 ℃, the surface of the treated material has no residual acid and residual alkali, and the surface of the treated material is dried and does not generate secondary oxidation or corrosion after being dried and stored at normal temperature.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for removing scale on an iron-chromium-aluminum surface according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
wherein, 1, a take-up stand; 2. an electric motor; 3. a wire outlet guide wheel; 4. the outlet is in dynamic seal; 5. a vacuum chamber; 6. an arc processing device; 7. a power source; 8. a transmission mechanism; 9. inlet dynamic sealing; 10. a straightening mechanism; 11. a pay-off rack; 12. a vacuum pump; 13. a cooling system; 14. an iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an automatic control system of the device for removing scale on the surface of iron chromium aluminum according to the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an untreated hot rolled coil provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a cleaned wire rod according to the conventional process provided in the background art;
FIG. 5 is a cleaned wire rod of the device for removing iron chromium aluminum surface scale provided by the embodiment of the application;
FIG. 6 is a surface topography of an untreated hot rolled wire rod provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a surface topography of a wire rod cleaned by a conventional process as provided in the background art;
FIG. 8 is a surface appearance of a wire rod cleaned by the apparatus for removing iron chromium aluminum surface scale provided by the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 9 is an XRD pattern of waste generated from cleaning the iron-chromium-aluminum wire rod by the apparatus for removing iron-chromium-aluminum surface scale provided in the example of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The prior art related to the removal of oxide scale by using plasma technology mainly comprises the following two patents, russia (patent publication No.: RU2153025C 1) discloses a method and a device for removing oxide scale based on plasma technology, and domestic patents: method and device for descaling and/or cleaning metal strands (patent publication No. CN 1694975 a), a method for descaling and/or cleaning metal strands, in particular hot-rolled strip made of ordinary steel or stainless steel, describes descaling or cleaning the strand using a plasma generated by a vacuum arc between an electrode and the strand.
The above patent has good effect of removing the surface scale of the common steel or stainless steel such as Q235, 304 stainless steel, GCr15 steel, 1Cr18Ni9 and other steel. The surface oxide skin of the steel is mainly different iron oxides (FeO and Fe) 2 O 3 、Fe 3 O 4 ) Ferrochrome spinel; the main component of the surface oxide skin of the iron-chromium-aluminum steel grade is Al 2 O 3 The ferrochrome spinel has good oxide scale compactness and strong adhesion with a metal matrix, and Al in the ferrochrome spinel 2 O 3 Belongs to a stable oxide with high melting point and difficult ionization. Therefore, the plasma method under the low vacuum condition has poor effect of removing the iron-chromium-aluminum oxide scale, and the surface roughness can not meet the requirement of subsequent cold processing even if the plasma removal efficiency is improved by the current increasing method.
In view of this, the present application provides a method for removing iron-chromium-aluminum surface scale, which can effectively solve the above problems in the prior art for removing iron-chromium-aluminum surface scale.
In order to solve the technical problems, the embodiment of the invention provides the following general ideas:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for removing scale on an iron-chromium-aluminum surface, the method including:
enabling the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece to pass through a vacuum arc area at a specific speed, controlling the current of the vacuum arc area to be a first set value, and controlling the distance between the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece and an electrode in the vacuum arc area to be a second set value so as to remove oxide skin on the surface of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece.
The method utilizes vacuum arc cathode spots to erode the surface of steel serving as a cathode, the cathode spots are small in size and large in current density, the generated joule heat causes local temperature rise to form a molten pool, charged particles are emitted outwards to form plasma, the moving direction of the plasma is restricted by a magnetic field, and oxide skin on the surface is ablated to form steam or decomposed, so that the purpose of removing the oxide skin is achieved. Acid and alkali are not used in the whole process, no harmful gas is discharged, no solid waste is generated, and no waste liquid is generated. The temperature of the treated material is lower than 200 ℃, the surface of the treated material has no residual acid and residual alkali, and the surface of the treated material is dried and does not generate secondary oxidation or corrosion after being dried and stored at normal temperature.
As an implementation mode of the embodiment of the invention, the set speed is 3-15 m/min, the first set value is 5-2000A, and the second set value is 10-1000 mm.
By controlling the transmission speed of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece and the distance between the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece and the surface of the electrode and controlling the current passing through the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece, the size of a cathode spot can be effectively regulated and controlled, so that an oxide skin on the surface of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece is effectively removed, no harmful and toxic substances such as solid waste gas are generated in the whole process, and the surface of the removed workpiece is smooth and beneficial to subsequent cold processing. In the actual production process, the speed of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece passing through the vacuum chamber can be 3-5m/min, 4-6 m/min, 5-9 m/min, 8-12 m/min and 11-15 m/min; the current may be 5A, 10A, 20A, 50A, 100A, 300A, 500A, 800A, 1000A, 1300A, 1500A, 1800A, 2000A; the distance between the electrode and the surface of the workpiece is 10mm, 20mm, 30mm, 40mm, 50mm, 60mm, 70mm, 80mm, 90mm and 100mm.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the set speed is 3 to 5m/min, the first set value is 1000A, and the second set value is 500mm.
The specific current, speed and distance ensure that the depth of a pit on the surface of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece is less than 0.02mm, and the requirement of cold drawing on the surface can be met.
As an implementation mode of the embodiment of the invention, the processing power of the vacuum arc area is 15-100 KW. In the actual process, the vacuum arc treatment frequency may be 15KW, 20KW, 30KW, 40KW, 50KW, 60KW, 70KW, 80KW, 90KW, 100KW.
As an implementation of the embodiment of the invention, the degree of vacuum in the vacuum arc region is 1 × 10 -4 ～1×10 3 Pa。
The required vacuum degree for removing the oxide skin on the surface of the iron-chromium-aluminum material is higher than that of the common steel. The higher the vacuum degree is, the more beneficial the ionization decomposition removal of the oxide is. The vacuum degree in the range can be used for removing the oxide skin on the surface of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece.
As an implementation mode of the embodiment of the invention, before removing the oxide scale on the surface of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece by using the vacuum arc, the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece undergoes a straightening process.
The straightening process can provide better flatness for the subsequent vacuum arc treatment process, so that oxide skins at all positions on the surface of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece can be removed conveniently, and the optimal removal efficiency is further achieved.
In a second aspect, based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present application provides an apparatus used with the method for removing iron-chromium-aluminum surface scale described in the first aspect, including a power supply, a vacuum chamber, and an arc treatment disposed in the vacuum chamber, where an anode of the power supply is electrically connected to the arc treatment apparatus, and a cathode of the power supply is electrically connected to an iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece passing through the arc treatment apparatus.
The device provided by the embodiment of the application takes an iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece as a cathode, and utilizes the spot points of the vacuum arc cathode to erode the surface of steel taken as the cathode. In some specific embodiments, the power supply is a direct current power supply or a high frequency pulsed square wave power supply with a frequency above 1000 Hz.
For example, an apparatus for removing scale on an iron-chromium-aluminum surface, as shown in fig. 1, includes:
the device comprises a pay-off rack 11, a straightening mechanism 10, an inlet dynamic seal 9, a transmission mechanism 8, a power supply 7, an arc processing device 6, a vacuum chamber 5, an outlet dynamic seal 4, an outlet guide wheel 3, a motor 2, a take-up rack 1, a vacuum pump 12 and a cooling system 13. Other control and display instruments are not shown.
When the device is used, an iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece 14 penetrates through the whole device, a wire end is fixed on a take-up stand 1, the workpiece is passively paid off from a pay-off stand 11 by the aid of power provided by a motor 2, and the workpiece sequentially passes through a straightening mechanism 10, an inlet dynamic seal 9, a vacuum chamber 5, a transmission mechanism, an arc treatment device 6, an outlet dynamic seal 4 and a wire outlet guide wheel 3.
As an embodiment of the invention, a straightening mechanism is arranged behind the vacuum chamber in the workpiece transfer direction. The vacuum chamber is internally provided with a transmission mechanism. And the contact points of the outgoing line guide wheel, the inlet dynamic seal, the vacuum chamber, the transmission mechanism and the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece are all on the same reference line. The workpiece is straightened by the straightening mechanism, so that the workpiece keeps a straight state and stably passes through the subsequent mechanisms. Meanwhile, the contact points of the guide wheel, the dynamic seal inlet and outlet, the transmission mechanism and the workpiece cannot deviate too much on the same datum line.
As an implementation manner of the embodiment of the invention, the system further comprises an automatic control system, and the automatic control system is used for adjusting the current of the power supply and the transmission speed of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece. And controlling the on-off of the arc processing device, adjusting the arc stabilizing current voltage, the wire winding speed and the like according to the feedback information. For example, if the arc pit monitoring size is too large, the current of the arc processing device is reduced, and the opening number and the wire take-up speed of the arc processing unit are increased; if the voltage monitoring achieves the complete clearing effect, the subsequent arc processing unit is shut down.
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods of the following examples, which are not specified under specific conditions, are generally determined according to national standards. If there is no corresponding national standard, it is carried out according to the usual international standards, to the conventional conditions or to the conditions recommended by the manufacturer.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a device and a method for removing scale on the surface of iron-chromium-aluminum, and the structure of the device is shown in figures 1 and 2. The method comprises the following specific steps:
according to the advancing direction of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece, the wire-drawing device comprises a pay-off rack 11, a straightening mechanism 10, an inlet dynamic seal 9, a vacuum chamber 5, an outlet dynamic seal 4, a wire-outlet guide wheel 3, a motor 2 and a take-up stand 1 which are arranged in sequence; the vacuum chamber 5 is internally provided with a transmission mechanism 8 and an electric arc processing device 6 in sequence according to the advancing direction, and the outside of the vacuum chamber 5 is provided with a power supply 7, a vacuum pump 12 and a cooling system 13. Other control and display instruments are not shown in the figure.
The transmission mechanism 8 provides a supporting and conveying function for the iron chromium aluminum workpiece 14, and meanwhile, a connecting terminal is arranged at a contact part of the transmission mechanism 8 and the iron chromium aluminum workpiece 14, so that the iron chromium aluminum workpiece 14 is connected with a negative electrode of the power supply 7, and the iron chromium aluminum workpiece 14 is connected to the negative electrode of the power supply 7 to serve as a cathode of arc discharge. Along the transmission direction, a plurality of transmission mechanisms 8 may be provided between the processing units of the arc processing devices 6 or between two adjacent arc processing devices 6. In the arc treatment apparatus 6, the cathode is a chromium-aluminum workpiece 14, and the anode is a circular ring, i.e., an anode ring.
The iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece is straightened by the straightening mechanism 10 to keep the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece in a straight state and stably pass through the subsequent mechanisms. Meanwhile, the contact points of the guide wheel 3, the outlet dynamic seal 4, the inlet dynamic seal 9 and the transmission mechanism 8 with the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece 14 are required to be not deviated too much on the same datum line.
In order to realize vacuum dynamic seal, the dynamic seal of the inlet and the outlet adopts a utility model patent of a dynamic seal device (CN 214888852U) for vacuum arc descaling equipment, thereby ensuring the vacuum condition of the vacuum chamber under the long-time stable operation of the equipment. Other novel dynamic sealing devices can also be adopted. And preferably, the utility model 'a distributed multi-electrode vacuum arc processing device (CN 208728212U)' is used for realizing the high-efficient and stable combustion of the electric arc, and the surface quality of the processed iron-chromium-aluminum hot-rolled wire rod and the processed wire is ensured by adjusting parameters such as power, speed and the like.
Wherein, the power supply 7 selects a direct current power supply or a high-frequency pulse square wave power supply with the frequency higher than 1000 Hz. The cooling system 13 is a water cooling system for cooling the vacuum pump 12, the instruments, the supporting members, the anode of the arc treatment device, the furnace shell, and the like. The vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber is 1 × 10 -4 ～1×10 3 Pa, the vacuum chamber is also provided with a digital display vacuum gauge and an exhaust valve besides the vacuum pump.
Furthermore, in order to achieve an efficient automated descaling, the aforementioned apparatus can be equipped with an automatic control system:
the monitoring system includes: 1. the non-contact temperature measuring device measures the surface temperature of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece 14 before and after passing through the arc processing unit; 2. monitoring a corrosion pit and a residual oxide scale on the surface of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece 14 after the electric arc treatment by using a camera; 3. real-time monitoring curves of voltage and current, and the like. The parameters are fed back to the control center, and the control center controls the on-off of the arc processing device, adjusts the arc stabilizing current voltage, the take-up speed and the like according to the feedback information. For example, the arc pit monitoring size is too large, the current of the arc processing device is reduced, and the opening number and the wire take-up speed of the arc processing unit are increased; if the voltage monitoring achieves the complete clearing effect, the subsequent arc processing unit is shut down.
The method for removing the oxide skin on the surface of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece by using the device comprises the following steps:
the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece 14 penetrates through the whole device, a wire head is fixed on a take-up stand 1, the motor 2 provides power to enable the workpiece to be passively paid off from a pay-off stand 11, and the workpiece sequentially passes through a straightening mechanism 10, an inlet dynamic seal 9, a vacuum chamber 5, a transmission mechanism 8, an electric arc treatment device 6, an outlet dynamic seal 4 and a wire outlet guide wheel 3.
The degree of vacuum in the vacuum chamber 5 was 1X 10 -4 ～1×10 3 Pa. The output current of the power supply is 5-2000A, and the distance between the anode electrode and the surface of the workpiece is 10-1000 mm. For Fe-Cr-Al alloy materials, electric arcsThe processing power is 15-100 KW, and the speed is 3-15 m/min. According to the diameter and the surface condition of the actual wire rod or wire, parameters such as power, speed and the like are adjusted to ensure the surface quality of the iron-chromium-aluminum hot rolled wire rod and the processed wire.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for removing scale on the surface of iron, chromium and aluminum, which comprises the following specific steps:
three identical iron-chromium-aluminum workpieces are prepared and marked as a group a, a group b and a group c. Wherein the group a is used without treatment; b group uses the prior art mentioned in the background to clean the oxide skin on the surface; group c was cleaned using the apparatus and method mentioned in example 1, with an arc treatment apparatus power of 20KW and a take-up speed of 3-5m/min. The treatment results are shown in FIGS. 3 to 9 and tables 1 to 3:
TABLE 1 surface composition of untreated wire rod
| Element | Wt％ |
| C | 8.90 |
| O | 23.92 |
| Al | 4.25 |
| Cr | 14.23 |
| Fe | 48.69 |
Table 2 surface material composition of wire rod after cleaning by the method provided in the background art
| Element | Wt％ |
| C | 0.68 |
| O | 7.12 |
| Al | 4.34 |
| Cr | 23.73 |
| Fe | 64.13 |
Table 3 surface material composition of wire rod after cleaning by the apparatus and method provided in example 1
| Element | Wt％ |
| C | 7.09 |
| O | 4.90 |
| Al | 3.70 |
| Cr | 18.29 |
| Fe | 66.02 |
As can be seen from FIGS. 3 to 9 and tables 1 to 3, the oxide film on the surface of the "original sample" mainly contains oxides of Fe, cr and Al; after the oxide skin is removed by using the traditional process, the surface almost has no oxide skin, and the O content is reduced to 7.12 percent; after the device disclosed by the invention is used for descaling, the surface is almost free of scale, the O content is reduced to 6.97%, and in addition, the detection result is shown in fig. 9 after the XRD method is used for detecting the scale peeled by the device disclosed by the invention, so that the main components in the waste are hercynite and alpha-Fe, no environmental pollution substances exist, and the metal powder collected in the furnace can be recycled. After the descaling treatment is carried out by using the device and the method provided by the application, cathode pit burning is remained on the surface, the pit burning depth is less than 0.02mm, the surface requirement of cold drawing processing can be met, the whole process is environment-friendly, and no toxic or harmful substance is generated.
In summary, the device and the method provided by the invention utilize the erosion phenomenon of the vacuum arc cathode spot point on the surface of the steel material as the cathode, the spot size of the cathode is small, the current density is large, the generated joule heat causes the local temperature rise to form a molten pool and emits charged particles outwards to form plasma, the moving direction of the plasma is restricted by the magnetic field, and the oxide scale on the surface is ablated to form steam or decomposed, thereby achieving the purpose of removing. Acid and alkali are not used in the whole process, harmful gas is not discharged, solid waste is not generated, and waste liquid is not generated. The temperature after treatment is lower than 200 ℃, the surface has no residual acid and residual alkali, and the surface is dry and can not generate secondary oxidation or corrosion after being dried and stored at normal temperature.
It is noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second," and the like, may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising a … …" does not exclude the presence of another identical element in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, which enable those skilled in the art to understand or practice the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method of descaling an iron-chromium-aluminum surface, the method comprising: enabling the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece to pass through a vacuum arc area at a specific speed, controlling the current of the vacuum arc area to be a first set value, and controlling the distance between the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece and an electrode in the vacuum arc area to be a second set value so as to remove oxide skin on the surface of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece.
2. The method for removing oxidized scale from the surface of chromium-aluminum material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the set speed is 3 to 15m/min, the first set value is 5 to 2000A, and the second set value is 10 to 1000mm.
3. The method for removing oxidized scale from the surface of chromium-aluminum material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the set speed is 3 to 5m/min, the first set value is 1000A, and the second set value is 500mm.
4. The method for removing oxidized scale from the surface of chromium-aluminum material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the processing power of the vacuum arc area is 15 to 100KW.
5. The method for removing iron chromium aluminum surface scale as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the degree of vacuum in the vacuum arc region is 1 x 10 -4 ～1×10 3 Pa。
6. The method for removing iron chromium aluminum surface scale according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the step of passing the iron chromium aluminum workpiece through the vacuum arc zone at a specific speed comprises:
the iron chromium aluminum workpiece is straightened and then passes through a vacuum arc area at a set speed.
7. An apparatus used in combination with the method for descaling an iron-chromium-aluminum surface according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the vacuum arc region comprises a power supply (7) and a vacuum chamber (5), and further comprises an arc treatment apparatus (6) disposed in the vacuum chamber (5), wherein the positive pole of the power supply (7) is electrically connected with the arc treatment apparatus (6), and the negative pole of the power supply (7) is electrically connected with an iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece passing through the arc treatment apparatus (6).
8. Device according to claim 7, characterized in that a straightening mechanism (10) is arranged behind the vacuum chamber (5) in the workpiece drive direction.
9. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that a transmission mechanism (8) is arranged in the vacuum chamber (5), and the outgoing line guide wheel (3), the inlet dynamic seal (9), the vacuum chamber (5), the transmission mechanism (8) and the contact point of the iron-chromium-aluminum workpiece are all on the same reference line.
10. The apparatus according to any one of claims 7 to 9, further comprising an automatic control system for adjusting the current of the power supply (7) and the transport speed of the iron chromium aluminum workpiece.
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| CN202211002631.8A CN115369415A (en) | 2022-08-19 | 2022-08-19 | Method and device for removing iron-chromium-aluminum surface oxide skin |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116970896A (en) * | 2023-09-22 | 2023-10-31 | 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 | Method for improving pre-oxidation effect of Ni-Cr electrothermal alloy product |
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| JPH05214438A (en) * | 1991-10-21 | 1993-08-24 | Nippon Steel Corp | Continuous surface treating device line for metal |
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