CN115368068A - Preparation method of efflorescence-resistant incineration waste bottom ash geopolymer solid brick and solid brick - Google Patents
Preparation method of efflorescence-resistant incineration waste bottom ash geopolymer solid brick and solid brick Download PDFInfo
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- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a efflorescence-resistant incineration garbage bottom ash geopolymer solid brick and the solid brick, and relates to the technical field of industrial solid waste utilization. The solid brick comprises 30-60% of incineration waste bottom ash, 4-8% of alkali-resistant active powder, 10-50% of solid waste base micropowder, 5-10% of excitant, 0.1-0.5% of waste fiber and 10-20% of water. The mold stripping time is short, calcination and steam curing are not needed in the preparation process, and the strength development speed is high. The solid brick is prepared by fully exciting the volcanic ash activity of solid wastes such as coal ash and steel slag based on a multi-element solid waste composite system, doping alkali-resistant active powder, and performing hydrophobic treatment on bottom ash aggregate of incineration waste and the surface of a test piece to improve the alkali-efflorescence resistance of the solid brick.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a saltpetering incineration waste bottom ash geopolymer solid brick.
Background
Along with the rapid development of social economy in China and the continuous acceleration of urbanization, the quantity of garbage and waste generated by people in the production and living processes is increased, and the open stack of municipal solid waste releases a large amount of harmful gases such as ammonia, sulfide and the like, and can cause serious pollution to surface water and underground water; compared with the treatment modes of sanitary landfill, compost and the like, the garbage incineration can furthest realize the reduction and the resource utilization of garbage disposal, and the garbage incineration treatment gradually obtains social recognition along with the continuous improvement of the incineration treatment technology, and becomes the most main treatment mode of urban domestic garbage in China.
The incineration waste bottom ash is a main product of municipal solid waste incineration, and related researches show that the bottom ash mainly consists of large particle matters of different types, including glass, molten slag blocks, stones, small metal fragments and the like, and belongs to solid waste capable of being directly recycled. The main component of the waste incineration bottom ash is aluminosilicate, which is similar to the cement component and is an available resource. If the method can be comprehensively utilized, not only can the land resources be saved, but also the environment can be improved, and the sustainable development can be promoted. Due to the lack of good bottom ash recycling technology, the harmless treatment of the bottom ash in China is mainly landfill, which wastes a large amount of manpower and material resources and causes pollution to the environment; the multi-channel, large-scale recycling and safe consumption of the garbage bottom ash is urgent. However, the compatibility of the metal aluminum contained in the bottom ash and cement is poor, so that the mechanical property of the prepared brick is poor, and in addition, cracks are easy to generate on the surface of the brick along with the increase of the age.
In recent years, geopolymers are concerned by scholars at home and abroad due to excellent performance, most of the geopolymers take natural aluminosilicate minerals or industrial solid wastes as main raw materials, are fully mixed with other mineral admixtures and a proper amount of alkali silicate solution, and are cured and formed under normal temperature and autoclaved conditions, the preparation process has low energy consumption and low emission, and the geopolymers can provide performance similar to that of cement-based cementing materials, so the geopolymers are considered to be low-carbon cementing materials. But due to its introduction of a strong base as an activator, the weak binding of the active alkali metal ions in the gel structure makes it easily leachable from the geopolymer. The geopolymer efflorescence substance is mostly white powder and flocculent, is deposited or attached on the surface of a material, mainly comprises sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, and can influence the long-term mechanical property of the geopolymer. How to inhibit the phenomena of efflorescence is a difficult problem to be solved urgently for improving the popularization and application of geopolymers.
Relevant researches show that the high-temperature hydrothermal curing method or the thermal curing method can reduce the saltpetering phenomenon of geopolymer to a certain extent by accelerating polymerization reaction, but high-temperature curing consumes certain energy and is not beneficial to practical application; in addition, the saltpetering phenomenon of geopolymer also depends on the type of the excitant and the precursor material used in the geopolymer mixture, the test piece prepared by adopting the potassium-based excitant has lower saltpetering degree than the test piece prepared by adopting the sodium-based excitant, but the cost of the potassium-based excitant is too high, and how to obtain a solid brick with good saltpetering resistance at low cost is a technical problem to be solved urgently in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a crystalline solid brick of burning refuse bottom ash resistant to efflorescence, which utilizes the burning refuse bottom ash on a large scale, further effectively relieves the environmental pollution caused by stacking or burying the existing burning refuse bottom ash, and improves the strength and the efflorescence resistance of the crystalline solid brick.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a efflorescence-resistant incineration waste bottom ash geopolymer solid brick comprises the following steps:
s1, according to a liquid-solid ratio of 20:1, uniformly dispersing bottom ash aggregate of the incineration waste in an isobutyl triethoxysilane mixed solution, soaking for at least 24 hours to ensure that the surface of the aggregate is completely coated, then washing the aggregate to be neutral, screening and separating, and then curing to form a hydrophobic film on the surface of the bottom ash aggregate of the incineration waste when the quality of the aggregate is not changed any more; the addition amount of the hydrophobic treatment agent obviously submerges the bottom ash aggregate of the incineration waste and can stir the bottom ash aggregate of the incineration waste in the hydrophobic treatment agent. The mass ratio of the substances in the isobutyl triethoxysilane mixed solution is as follows: isobutyltriethoxysilane/isopropanol/water =8/10/2;
s2, weighing and mixing the incineration waste bottom ash aggregate subjected to hydrophobic treatment, alkali-resistant active powder, solid waste base micro powder and a solid activator to obtain a mixed dry material;
s3, slowly stirring the mixed dry materials in a stirrer for 1-2 minutes;
s4, weighing water by using a measuring cylinder, and pouring the water into the mixed dry material;
s5, alternately stirring at a high speed and a low speed for 3-5 minutes, adding the waste fibers, fully mixing uniformly, filling into a mold, and compacting; the slow speed is 60-65r/min, the fast speed is 120-125r/min, so that the solid waste can react more uniformly and fully in an alkaline environment, and the prepared test piece has better performance;
and S6, curing for 1 day in a standard curing room, removing the mold, performing surface spraying by using a hydrophobic treatment agent, and sealing and curing for 28 days in the standard curing room to obtain the alkali-efflorescence-resistant incineration garbage bottom ash geopolymer solid brick.
In S1, the particle size of the bottom ash aggregate of the incineration waste is controlled to be 0.1-4.75 mm, the fineness modulus is controlled to be 1.5-2.0, the loss on ignition of the bottom ash aggregate of the incineration waste is less than 10%, and the content of nonferrous metals and ferrous metals is less than 0.5%.
In S6, in a standard curing room, the plastic film is sealed and cured.
Further, the anti-efflorescence incineration garbage bottom ash geopolymer solid brick comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-60% of incineration waste bottom ash aggregate subjected to hydrophobic treatment, 3-5% of alkali-resistant active powder, 10-50% of solid waste base micro powder, 5-10% of solid activator, 0.1-0.5% of waste fiber, 10-20% of water and 0.01-0.02% of hydrophobic treatment agent. The addition amount of the hydrophobic treatment agent is based on the amount of the hydrophobic treatment agent sprayed in the step S6; the molar ratio of the silicon to the aluminum in the alkali-resistant active powder and the solid waste base micro powder is 1.5-3.
Further, the bottom ash aggregate of the incineration waste is obtained after weathering for 3 months, water washing and metal separation by magnetic separation; the alkali-resistant active powder is at least one of 92 silica fume and nano silicon dioxide; the solid waste base micro powder is at least one of fly ash, slag, coal gangue and steel slag; the solid activator comprises at least one of anhydrous sodium metasilicate, sodium pentahydrate, instant sodium silicate or sodium hydroxide; the length of the waste fiber is 12-20 mm, and the density is 1.55g/cm 3 The breaking strength was 0.4N/tex.
Further, in S6, spraying is performed twice after the test piece is demolded, and the interval time between the two spraying is at least 6 hours.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the geopolymer solid brick provided by the invention has the characteristics of high strength, high early strength development rate, low alkali mixing amount and the like, most of raw materials are industrial solid waste materials, the cost is low, the source is wide, wastes such as incineration waste bottom ash and the like are recycled, and the environmental pollution caused by the conventional incineration waste bottom ash stacking or landfill is effectively relieved. The preparation process does not need calcination or steam curing, is low-carbon and environment-friendly, has good economic and social benefits, and realizes harmless and resource utilization of industrial solid wastes.
In the invention, only 3-5% of solid alkali activator is doped, the alkali doping amount is small, the solid activator is selected, the preparation in advance is not needed, the sample is cured at normal temperature, the preparation cost is low, the energy consumption is low, and the method is not suitable for large-scale application.
The formula composition controls the proper silica-alumina ratio through different mixing amounts of solid wastes, the prepared solid brick belongs to a high-calcium alkali excitation system, a great amount of incineration waste bottom ash aggregate can be introduced, the incineration waste bottom ash aggregate is used as an inert component to play a filling role, a better saltpetering resistance role can be played, and the compressive strength of the solid brick can reach 20-50MPa.
The invention improves the efflorescence resistance of the test piece by adding the low-cost 92 silica fume alkali-resistant active powder and using the hydrophobic treatment agent for many times, thereby effectively improving the compactness of geopolymer slurry, reducing the pore structure, effectively reducing the efflorescence probability and harm of geopolymer, forming hydrophobic films on the aggregate and the brick surface, and limiting the alkali metal ions on the brick surface and inside and CO in the air 2 The anti-saltpetering effect can be achieved under the condition that the brick blocks are broken or collided, and under the same condition, when the geopolymer solid brick of the alkali-resistant active powder obtained by the preparation method is maintained for 28 days, the compressive strength can be improved by 12-25%.
Because the bottom ash aggregate of the municipal incineration waste is of a porous structure and the surface of the bottom ash aggregate is rich in Si-OH groups, isobutyl triethoxy silane can be subjected to intermolecular polycondensation to form an oligomer which reacts with hydroxyl on the surface of the bottom ash to generate a hydrogen bond, and the oligomer is wrapped on the surface of the bottom ash. According to the invention, the aggregate is directly subjected to soaking and wrapping type isobutyl triethoxy silane modification treatment, so that on one hand, the expansion of a test piece caused by adverse reaction of substances in the aggregate in an alkali-excited environment (hydrogen is generated by a very small amount of metal aluminum) is prevented, on the other hand, the migration of sodium ions in the test piece is greatly reduced, the mixing uniformity of the test piece material is improved, the efflorescence is that the sodium ions migrate to the surface in concrete, after the treatment, the transmission of the sodium ions in the concrete is reduced, the exposure of the metal aluminum in the aggregate in an alkaline environment is also reduced, the finished product can be obtained by directly carrying out standard maintenance and hydrophobic spraying again, the uniform distribution of a hydrophobic film on the surface of the aggregate can be ensured in the soaking process, the alkali resistance of the surface of the finished product can be ensured by spraying again, and the local efflorescence phenomenon can be avoided on the premise of not influencing the mechanical property of the test piece.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. It should be understood that the formulations illustrated in the examples are merely illustrative and not restrictive of the present invention, and that modifications to the formulations of the present invention that are within the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
The invention provides a saltpetering-resistant incineration garbage bottom ash geopolymer solid brick which is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 30-60% of incineration waste bottom ash aggregate subjected to hydrophobic treatment, 3-5% of alkali-resistant active powder, 10-50% of solid waste base micro powder, 5-10% of an activator, 0.1-0.5% of waste fiber, 10-20% of water and 0.01-0.02% of a hydrophobic treatment agent. The molar ratio of the silicon to the aluminum in the alkali-resistant active powder and the solid waste base micro powder is 1.5-3.
The preparation method of the anti-efflorescence incineration garbage bottom ash geopolymer solid brick comprises the following steps:
s1, according to a liquid-solid ratio of 20:1, uniformly dispersing bottom ash aggregate of the incineration waste in an isobutyl triethoxysilane mixed solution, soaking for at least 24 hours to ensure that the surface of the aggregate is completely coated, then washing the aggregate to be neutral, screening and separating, and then curing to form a hydrophobic film on the surface of the bottom ash aggregate of the incineration waste when the quality of the aggregate is not changed any more; the mass ratio of the substances in the isobutyl triethoxysilane mixed solution is as follows: isobutyltriethoxysilane/isopropanol/water =8/10/2;
s2, weighing and mixing the incineration waste bottom ash aggregate subjected to hydrophobic treatment, alkali-resistant active powder, solid waste base micro powder and a solid activator to obtain a mixed dry material;
s3, slowly stirring the mixed dry materials in a stirrer for 1-2 minutes;
s4, weighing water by using a measuring cylinder, and pouring the water into the mixed dry material;
s5, alternately stirring at a high speed and a low speed for 3-5 minutes, adding the waste fibers, fully and uniformly mixing, and then filling into a mold and compacting;
and S6, curing for 1 day in a standard curing room, removing the mold, performing surface spraying by using a hydrophobic treatment agent, and sealing and curing for 28 days in the standard curing room to obtain the anti-efflorescence incineration garbage bottom ash geopolymer solid brick.
The embodiment is as follows:
in order to further illustrate the advantages of the preparation method, the solid bricks cured for 7 days and 28 days are subjected to related performance tests, including compressive strength and saltpetering degree.
The contrast is not carried out the compressive strength of anti-whiskering processing solid brick and anti-whiskering processing solid brick, compares the whiskering degree of two kinds of solid bricks after the experiment of blooming. The examples were tested for performance in accordance with the code "method of testing walling bricks" (GB/T2542-2012).
(1) Raw material mixing ratio
The loss on ignition of the bottom ash aggregate of the incineration waste is less than 10 percent, the contents of nonferrous metals and ferrous metals are less than 0.5 percent, the particle size is 0.1mm-4.75mm, and the fineness modulus is 1.6-2.0;
the solid waste base micro powder can be a mixture of S95-grade slag, first-grade fly ash and steel slag micro powder, the alkali-resistant active powder is 92 silica fume, and the mass ratio of the solid waste base micro powder to the alkali-resistant active powder is as follows: s95-grade slag: first-grade fly ash: 92% silica fume: steel slag micropowder =3:2:1:2.
the waste fiber is alkali-resistant glass waste fiber prepared from slag, the length of the waste fiber is 12-20 mm, and the density of the waste fiber is 1.55g/cm 3 The breaking strength was 0.4N/tex.
The solid alkali activator is anhydrous sodium metasilicate with modulus of 1.0-2.0.
A (without hydrophobic treatment)
Incineration waste bottom ash aggregate 513 parts
486 parts of solid waste base micro powder;
54 parts of solid alkali activator
5 portions of waste fiber
189 parts of water
According to the formula, all solid powder is directly mixed, water is added, waste fibers are added and uniformly mixed, and standard curing treatment is carried out in a mold for 28 days.
B (surface spraying only)
Incineration waste bottom ash aggregate 513 parts
408 parts of solid waste base micro powder;
78 portions of alkali-resistant active powder
54 parts of solid alkali activator
5 portions of waste fiber
189 parts of water
0.2 part of hydrophobic treatment agent
According to the formula, all solid powder is directly mixed, water is added, waste fibers are added and uniformly mixed, the mold is disassembled after standard maintenance is carried out in a mold for 1 day, the surface of a test piece is sprayed by using a hydrophobic treatment agent, and then the test piece is sealed and maintained in a standard maintenance room for 28 days.
C (for paper alkali efflorescence resistant treatment)
513 parts of incineration waste bottom ash aggregate subjected to hydrophobic treatment
408 parts of solid waste base micro powder;
78 portions of alkali-resistant active powder
54 parts of alkali activator
5 portions of waste fiber
189 parts of water
0.2 part of hydrophobic treatment agent.
Uniformly dispersing 1 part of bottom ash aggregate of the incineration waste in 20 parts of isobutyl triethoxysilane mixed solution (isobutyl triethoxysilane/isopropanol/water = 8/10/2), soaking at normal temperature for 24h, washing the aggregate to be neutral, and performing vacuum drying at 60 ℃ for 12h to obtain the hydrophobic bottom ash aggregate of the incineration waste.
According to the formula, after the incineration waste bottom ash aggregate is soaked in the mixed solution of isobutyl triethoxy silane, all solid powder is mixed, water is added, waste fibers are added and uniformly mixed, standard maintenance is carried out in a mold for 1 day, then the mold is removed, the surface of a test piece is sprayed by using a hydrophobic treatment agent, and then the test piece is sealed and maintained in a standard maintenance room for 28 days.
(2) Compressive strength of geopolymer solid brick
As can be seen from Table 1, the compressive strength of the solid brick prepared by the technical scheme of the invention is 39.2MPa without the efflorescence treatment under the same conditions, the compressive strength of the brick after the conventional efflorescence treatment is 125 percent of the compressive strength of the brick without the efflorescence treatment, and reaches 49.2MPa, the compressive strength of the brick after the efflorescence treatment is 131 percent of the compressive strength of the brick without the efflorescence treatment, and reaches 51.2MPa, and the requirement of MU50 standard can be met.
(3) Degree of efflorescence of geopolymer solid brick
The experiment steps of the alkali efflorescence performance are as follows: cleaning the surface of a sample, then placing the sample in a 105 +/-5 ℃ air-blast drying oven for drying for 24 hours, taking out and cooling to normal temperature; the solid brick is split into two halves to expose the internal structure, then the top surface or the surface with holes of the sample is respectively placed in a tray, distilled water is injected into the tray, the height of the water surface is not lower than 20mm, the tray is covered with a transparent material, the sample is exposed outside, and the time is recorded. The time for soaking the sample in the tray is 7 days, water is often added in the 2 days from the beginning of the test to keep the water level in the tray high, and then the sample is kept soaked in the water, wherein the environmental temperature is 25 ℃ and the relative humidity is 50% in the test process, the sample is taken out after the 7 days of the test, and the sample is placed in the same environment for 4 days. Then dried in a forced air drying oven at 105 +/-5 ℃ until the weight is constant. The reaction mixture was taken out and cooled to room temperature, and the degree of whiskering after drying was recorded. The specific degree of saltpetering can be divided into four grades of no visible saltpetering, mild saltpetering, moderate saltpetering and severe saltpetering. As shown in table 2:
the solid brick efflorescence conditions of A, B and C in the embodiment of the invention are shown in Table 3, and as can be seen from Table 3, the solid brick prepared by the technical scheme of the invention is obviously superior to the untreated solid brick in the alkali resistance effect, and no efflorescence is visible on the surface of all test pieces;
in conclusion, the alkali-resistant solid brick prepared by the technical scheme of the invention can improve the compactness of the inside of the solid brick, reduce the porosity of the solid brick, improve the mechanical property of the solid brick to a certain extent and effectively inhibit soluble salts in the solid brick from transferring to surface crystals through conventional alkali-resistant treatment (alkali-resistant active powder and hydrophobic treatment agent), but the part exposed in the air still has a slight saltpetering phenomenon. While the solid bricks treated with the anti-efflorescence treatment process herein have almost no visible efflorescence.
The invention provides a novel internal and external combined treatment method, in the interior of a test piece, the chemical reaction of the bottom ash aggregate of the incineration waste in the alkaline environment can be reduced to the maximum extent while the hydrophobicity of geopolymer is improved by carrying out hydrophobic treatment on the fine aggregate of the bottom ash of the incineration waste by using an isobutyl triethoxy silane mixed solution; and meanwhile, the surface of the test piece is sprayed by adopting a hydrophobic treatment agent.
Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in connection with the embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, which are only illustrative and not restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make many modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as claimed in the appended claims.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the efflorescence-resistant incineration waste bottom ash geopolymer solid brick is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, according to a liquid-solid ratio of 20:1, uniformly dispersing bottom ash aggregate of the incineration waste in an isobutyl triethoxysilane mixed solution, soaking until the surface of the aggregate is completely coated, washing the aggregate to be neutral, screening and separating, and then curing until the quality is not changed any more, so that a hydrophobic film is formed on the surface of the bottom ash aggregate of the incineration waste; the mass ratio of each substance in the isobutyl triethoxysilane mixed solution is as follows: isobutyltriethoxysilane/isopropanol/water =8/10/2;
s2, weighing and mixing the incineration waste bottom ash aggregate subjected to hydrophobic treatment, alkali-resistant active powder, solid waste base micro powder and a solid activator to obtain a mixed dry material;
s3, slowly stirring the mixed dry materials in a stirrer for 1-2 minutes;
s4, weighing water by using a measuring cylinder, and pouring the water into the mixed dry material;
s5, alternately stirring at a high speed and a low speed for 3-5 minutes, adding the waste fibers, fully and uniformly mixing, and then filling into a mold and compacting;
and S6, curing for 1 day in a standard curing room, removing the mold, performing surface spraying by using a hydrophobic treatment agent, and sealing and curing for 28 days in the standard curing room to obtain the alkali-efflorescence-resistant incineration garbage bottom ash geopolymer solid brick.
2. The method for preparing the anti-efflorescence incineration waste bottom ash geopolymer solid brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anti-efflorescence incineration waste bottom ash geopolymer solid brick is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-60% of incineration waste bottom ash aggregate subjected to hydrophobic treatment, 3-5% of alkali-resistant active powder, 10-50% of solid waste base micro powder, 5-10% of solid activator, 0.1-0.5% of waste fiber, 10-20% of water and 0.01-0.02% of hydrophobic treatment agent; the molar ratio of the silicon to the aluminum in the alkali-resistant active powder and the solid waste base micro powder is 1.5-3.
3. The method for preparing the anti-efflorescence incineration waste bottom ash geopolymer solid brick as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the incineration waste bottom ash aggregate is controlled to be 0.1mm-4.75mm, the fineness modulus is controlled to be 1.5-2.0, the loss on ignition of the incineration waste bottom ash aggregate is less than 10%, and the contents of nonferrous metals and ferrous metals are less than 0.5%;
the alkali-resistant active powder is at least one of 92 silica fume and nano-silica; the solid waste base micro powder is at least one of fly ash, slag, coal gangue and steel slag; the solid activator comprises at least one of anhydrous sodium metasilicate, sodium pentahydrate, instant sodium silicate or sodium hydroxide; the length of the waste fiber is 12-20 mm, and the density is 1.55g/cm 3 The breaking strength is 0.4N/tex;
the bottom ash of the incineration waste is obtained after weathering for 3 months, water washing and magnetic separation metal treatment; the slow speed is 60-65r/min, and the fast speed is 120-125r/min.
4. The method for preparing the whiskering-resistant solid brick from the incineration waste of whiskering and the geopolymer as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S6, the outer surface of the test piece is sprayed twice with the hydrophobic treatment agent after the test piece is demolded, and the interval between the spraying twice is at least 6 hours.
5. A solid brick of the bottom ash geopolymer of the efflorescence-resistant incineration refuse, characterized in that the solid brick is obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4.
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