CN115367942A - Advanced treatment process method for restaurant wastewater - Google Patents
Advanced treatment process method for restaurant wastewater Download PDFInfo
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- CN115367942A CN115367942A CN202210979464.6A CN202210979464A CN115367942A CN 115367942 A CN115367942 A CN 115367942A CN 202210979464 A CN202210979464 A CN 202210979464A CN 115367942 A CN115367942 A CN 115367942A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a deep treatment process method of restaurant wastewater, which carries out processes such as tempering, impurity removal, oil-water separation, electrode electrolysis, ultraviolet sterilization and the like on the restaurant wastewater to carry out harmless treatment, and carries out internal circulation treatment or resource recycling on various wastes generated in the process, thereby realizing zero emission. The invention is easy to operate, convenient to form systematic application, suitable for gathering a large amount of restaurant wastewater to carry out uniform treatment, can realize deep purification by adopting a mode of not adding chemical agents in the process, can achieve no peculiar smell and no difference between the appearance and pure water after the restaurant wastewater is subjected to complete process matching treatment, has water quality meeting the national first-level sewage comprehensive emission standard and can be discharged up to the standard or reused as reclaimed water, and products in each section of the process realize resource utilization design, reduce waste emission and realize zero emission of the process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of catering management, in particular to a technological method for advanced treatment of catering wastewater.
Background
In food enterprise processing production, catering industry operation activities, enterprise and public institutions and family daily life, a large amount of catering wastewater is inevitably generated, along with the promotion of the progress of industrialized urbanization, the improvement of the living standard of people leads to the rapid increase of the generation amount and discharge amount of the catering wastewater, but the related high-efficiency and integral matching treatment technology is not well followed, so that most of the catering wastewater in China is not effectively treated professionally, a large amount of untreated catering wastewater is directly discharged into a municipal pipe network in cities and towns, the main components of the catering wastewater are the mixture of residual food and water, the water quality of the catering wastewater is characterized by containing high-concentration organic matters, is rich in impurities such as animal and vegetable oil, suspended matters and the like, and has index characteristics such as high salt, high COD, high ammonia nitrogen and the like, is easy to decay and foul, brings a relatively serious treatment load to a sewage treatment plant and is easy to cause pipe network blockage, on the other hand, the catering wastewater directly and the like easily cause pollution to underground water and rivers, thereby causing huge pressure to the ecological environment and bringing potential threat to the health of human beings.
At present, the following four main technologies are used for treating restaurant wastewater:
flocculation and sedimentation technology: the treatment effect is limited, the water quality is not easy to reach the standard, and a large amount of restaurant wastewater is not suitable for generating floc due to the characteristic water quality index characteristics.
Chemical oxidation technology: a large amount of chemical agents are adopted, so that secondary pollution is easily caused, and the method is not economical and environment-friendly.
The biochemical treatment technology comprises the following steps: the restaurant wastewater is easy to contain a large amount of NaCl and other salts, which easily causes impact on the biochemical treatment process, so that the biochemical treatment technology is not suitable to be adopted or the biochemical process system is easy to collapse.
The membrane filtration technology comprises the following steps: the direct membrane filtration mode has the advantages of large membrane loss, easy membrane blockage and poor adaptability, the grease easily contained in the restaurant wastewater can easily improve the reverse osmosis pressure difference and reduce the service life of the membrane, a large amount of process byproducts cannot be effectively solved because only a small part of produced water can be obtained by treatment, and most of the restaurant wastewater cannot be directly subjected to the membrane filtration mode.
Therefore, how to carry out advanced treatment on the restaurant wastewater at present can realize resource utilization, and the realization of zero-discharge process effect while treating a large amount of pollutants is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a process method for advanced treatment of restaurant wastewater, which can carry out harmless treatment on restaurant wastewater by carrying out processes such as tempering, impurity removal, oil-water separation, electrode electrolysis and the like on the restaurant wastewater, and can recycle resources of wastes generated in the process so as to realize zero emission.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
step S1: performing water quality regulation on the restaurant wastewater through a raw water quality conditioner to obtain restaurant wastewater with the water solid content of below 5%, and then performing impurity removal treatment on the tempered restaurant wastewater by adopting a coarse and fine grid device;
step S2: carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the restaurant wastewater treated in the step S1 by using a centrifugal separator to obtain liquid-phase restaurant wastewater and solid-phase waste residues, adding an acid-base auxiliary agent into the restaurant wastewater to adjust the pH value to be within a range of 6.5-7.5, and carrying out waste residue harmless treatment on the solid-phase waste residues to achieve recycling;
and step S3: adding a demulsifying auxiliary agent into the restaurant wastewater with a neutral pH value, introducing the restaurant wastewater into an air floatation swirler for oil-water separation to remove oil components in the restaurant wastewater, and collecting waste oil obtained after the oil-water separation treatment for alcoholysis refining to prepare biodiesel;
and step S4: performing electric flocculation impurity removal on the restaurant wastewater treated in the step S3 in an aluminum electrode electrolysis mode, performing plate-and-frame filter pressing treatment on the restaurant wastewater containing flocculation obtained after the aluminum electrode treatment to obtain waste residues and restaurant wastewater after the filter pressing treatment, wherein the waste residues are returned to the harmless treatment of the waste residues in the step S2 for treatment;
step S5: pumping the restaurant wastewater obtained in the step S4 into an ultrafiltration system for advanced treatment, pumping mother liquor generated by the treatment of the ultrafiltration system into plate-and-frame filter pressing treatment in the step S4 for filter pressing treatment again, pumping the restaurant wastewater treated by the ultrafiltration system into a DTRO reverse osmosis system for reverse osmosis treatment, additionally adding concentrated water accounting for 5-20% of the total amount of inlet water of the process section to the restaurant wastewater subjected to the reverse osmosis treatment, performing secondary process treatment on the concentrated water, and pumping the restaurant wastewater obtained into a titanium electrode electrolysis system for electrolysis treatment;
step S6: and (4) treating the restaurant wastewater by using a titanium electrode electrolysis system to obtain electrolyzed restaurant wastewater and bottom water accumulated by electrolysis, returning the bottom water to the step S5 for plate frame filter pressing treatment, and performing ultraviolet sterilization treatment on the electrolyzed restaurant wastewater to obtain clear water reaching the standard.
Further, the distance between the bars of the coarse and fine grid device in the step S1 is 5-20 mm, the angle of the bars is 75 degrees, and the rotation speed is 3-4 m/min.
Further, the centrifugal separator in the step S2 has the equipment parameters that the centrifugal revolution is 3500-6000 rpm, and the centrifugal time is 1-15 min; the harmless treatment of the waste residue in the step S2 comprises the following specific steps: adding 0.5-1% of composite bacteria additive into the solid-phase waste residue, and then carrying out normal-temperature aerobic fermentation treatment on the solid-phase waste residue added with the composite bacteria additive to prepare an organic fertilizer; the acid-base assistant agent consists of 5-10% of sodium hydroxide solution and 1-5% of hydrochloric acid, wherein the sodium hydroxide solution is used as a main adjusting agent, and the dilute hydrochloric acid is mainly used as a pH adjusting preparation agent.
Further, the composite bacteria assistant consists of 60-70% of wheat bran, 10-20% of rice bran and 10-20% of flour substrate, wherein the inoculated strain seed liquid is fermented at the temperature of 20-50 ℃ for 72-120 ℃ by 0.1-0.5 mass% of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, azotobacter, polymyxa, aspergillus and rhizopus in the concentration ratio of 1h, when the concentration of the strain reaches 10 6 ～10 8 And the CFU/g is prepared by vacuum freeze drying.
Further, the demulsification assistant in the step S3 is CaCl with the concentration of 100-300 mg/L 2 The solution is combined with cationic polyacrylamide solution with the concentration of 50-150 mg/L; the parameters in the air flotation cyclone are as follows: controlling the diameter parameters of the micro-nano functional bubbles to be 200 nm-50 mu m, the working pressure to be 0.4-0.8 Mpa and the hydraulic load to be 3-5 m 3 /(m 2 H), the hydraulic retention time is 15 to 30min and the rotation speed of the surface layer of the water surface is 30 to 150rpm.
Further, the positive and negative electrode plates of the device adopted in the aluminum electrode electrolysis manner in the step S4 are all made of pure aluminum, and the electrical load is controlled to be 1-20F/m 3 The current density is 20 to 120A/m 3 The electrolysis time is 3-9 min, and simultaneously, the electrode conversion is carried out every 1 min; the plate frame filter pressing treatment adopts the material of polyester long fiber and the air permeability is 37.8-130.6L/m 2 S, a filter cloth with a thickness of 0.27-0.65 mm, an aluminum plate with a thickness of 30-40 mm, and a working pressure of 0.5-1.5 MPa.
Furthermore, the ultrafiltration system in the step S5 adopts a PVDF filter membrane, wherein the hollow inner diameter is 0.8-1.2 mm, the membrane aperture is 0.01-0.08 mu m, the operation working pressure is 0.2-0.6 Mpa, back washing is carried out every 0.5-1.5 h in the process of carrying out the advanced treatment procedure, and the back washing pressure is 0.15-0.25 Mpa; the DTRO reverse osmosis system adopts a polyamide disc tube type reverse osmosis membrane with the membrane aperture of 0.5-10 nm and the working pressure of 7.5-16 Mpa.
Further, the secondary process treatment of the concentrated water in the step S5 includes the following steps:
step (5.1): pumping the concentrated water into a low-temperature total evaporation system, evaporating under the conditions that the operation vacuum degree of the low-temperature total evaporation system is-70 to-95 kPa and the operation temperature is 45 to 85 ℃ until the concentrated water produces salt crystals and is separated out, and pumping the condensed water of the water produced by the low-temperature total evaporation system into an ozone catalytic oxidation system;
step (5.2): catalytic oxidation system of condensed water in ozoneCarrying out catalytic ozonation treatment in the system, wherein the ozone loading capacity of the catalytic ozonation system is 60-180 mg/L, ozone is blown in a titanium micro-pore micro-nano aeration disc mode with the pore diameter of 0.22-20 mu m, and double active components Mn-Cu/gamma-Al are applied at the same time 2 O 3 And as a catalyst, returning the produced water treated by the ozone catalytic oxidation system to the ultrafiltration system for advanced treatment again.
Furthermore, the titanium electrode electrolysis system adopts a 20-120-mesh plate-shaped titanium-based platinum group metal oxide loaded coating Ti/RuO 2 -Ir 2 O 3 The electrode is designed with a coating thickness of 0.5-3 μm and an applied current density of 20-200A/m 3 The electrolysis time is 20-120 min, and the electrode conversion is carried out every 10 min.
Further, the ultraviolet sterilization treatment in the step S6 is specifically carried out by adopting a 253.7nm short-wave ultraviolet quartz sleeve ultraviolet lamp, and the ultraviolet effective dose intensity is 80-100 mJ/cm 2 The lower irradiation treatment is performed for 30 to 60 seconds.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention is easy to operate, convenient to form systematic application, suitable for gathering a large amount of restaurant wastewater to carry out uniform treatment, can realize deep purification by adopting a mode of not adding chemical agents in the process, can achieve no peculiar smell and no difference between the appearance and pure water after the restaurant wastewater is subjected to complete process matching treatment, has water quality meeting the national first-level sewage comprehensive emission standard and can be discharged up to the standard or reused as reclaimed water, and products in each section of the process realize resource utilization design, reduce waste emission and realize zero emission of the process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a process flow in the present invention;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following description and examples, including but not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The following data are obtained from restaurant wastewater in a dining hall of a certain factory in the embodiment:
the original restaurant wastewater is in a yellowish-earthy thick paste shape, contains a large amount of solid phase suspended matters visible to naked eyes and large-particle food residue-shaped impurities which are distributed in the whole water body in a floating manner, and tiny grease-shaped liquid beads float on the surface of the wastewater, so that obvious pungent acid and odor are emitted.
Main characteristic water quality index before treatment
Referring to fig. 1, the following processing is performed in this embodiment, and includes the steps of:
step S1: firstly, introducing collected restaurant wastewater into a raw water quality conditioner for water quality regulation, wherein the raw water quality conditioner is preferably a tank body with a paddle stirrer with the quality regulation revolution number of 250rpm, the solid content of the water quality is regulated to be less than 5%, a large amount of food residues contained in the restaurant wastewater are solved, the slightly viscous restaurant wastewater is enabled to present good fluidity, the process pipeline conveying is facilitated, the conditioned restaurant wastewater is used for removing impurities such as bones, bottles, plastics, bamboo materials, metals and the like mixed in the restaurant wastewater by adopting a coarse and fine grating device, the specific parameters of the coarse and fine grating device are set to be 15mm in grating interval, the grating angle is 75 degrees, the rotation speed is 4m/min, and the raw material is 304 stainless steel, the protection grade IP54 and the insulation grade F;
step S2: the restaurant wastewater treated by the coarse and fine grille device is introduced into a centrifugal separator for deep solid-liquid separation treatment, so that the restaurant wastewater is clarified, the centrifugal rotation number of the centrifugal separator is 5000rpm, the centrifugal time is 15min, the restaurant wastewater is treated by the centrifugal separator to obtain liquid-phase restaurant wastewater and solid-phase waste residues, wherein 1% of composite bacteria additive is added into the solid-phase waste residues for aerobic fermentation treatment, and the aerobic fermentation treatment is carried out at normal temperature for 14 days to prepare organic fertilizer, so that recycling of the solid-phase waste residues is realized, wherein the composite bacteria additive consists of 70% of wheat bran, 20% of rice bran and 10% of flour matrix, and is inoculated with 0.5% of bacillus subtilis, yeast, and the following components in a ratio of 1Azotobacteria, polymyxa, aspergillus and rhizopus, and fermenting the composite bacteria assistant for 96 hours at 30 ℃ to make the concentration of the bacteria reach 10 7 CFU/g, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain;
because the liquid restaurant wastewater is rich in organic matters and is easy to cause fermentation due to a large number of microorganisms, the pH index of the liquid restaurant wastewater mostly shows a meta-acidic range of 2-6, the pH of water is adjusted to be in a neutral range of 6.5-7.5 by adding an acid-base auxiliary agent into the restaurant wastewater in an acid-base adjuster, and the effect of the subsequent steps can be improved, wherein the acid-base auxiliary agent consists of 10% of sodium hydroxide solution and 5% of hydrochloric acid, the sodium hydroxide solution is used as a main adjusting agent of the acid-base auxiliary agent, the dilute hydrochloric acid mainly plays a role of a pH adjusting preparation agent, and the restaurant wastewater after pH adjustment is continuously treated;
and step S3: adding a demulsification auxiliary agent for improving the oil-water separation efficiency into the restaurant wastewater with neutral pH value, wherein the demulsification auxiliary agent is CaCl with the concentration of 300mg/L 2 Combining the solution with a cationic polyacrylamide solution with the concentration of 120mg/L, and then conveying the demulsified restaurant wastewater into an air flotation cyclone for oil-water separation, wherein the air flotation cyclone controls the diameter parameter of micro-nano functional bubbles to be about 200nm, the functional bubbles are uniformly distributed and raised from the ground to the upper part, the working pressure is 0.7Mpa, and the hydraulic load is 4m 3 /(m 2 H), the hydraulic retention time is 25min, the water flow self-revolves from bottom to top to form a rotational flow, the surface layer of the water surface reaches the rotating speed of 120rpm, the grease components in the restaurant wastewater are separated and removed, the generated waste grease is collected, and the collected waste grease is subjected to alcoholysis refining by a third party unit with treatment qualification to prepare the biomass diesel, so that the recycling of resources is realized;
and step S4: impurity removal treatment is carried out on the catering wastewater after oil-water separation treatment, the scheme adopts an aluminum electrode electrolysis mode added with non-chemical agents to carry out electroflocculation impurity removal, and meanwhile, pure aluminum is used as an electrode plate for positive and negative electrodes of aluminum electrode electrolysis, and the electrical load is controlled to be 20F/m 3 Current density 100A/m 3 The electrolysis time is 5min, the electrodes are inverted every 1min to prevent the electrode scaling from influencing the electrolysis efficiency, and the electrode plates of the two electrodes are consumed uniformlyThe step can take out colloid molecules, residual grease, residual suspended matters and the like in the restaurant wastewater, decompose organic matters, reduce the value of COD (chemical oxygen demand) and chromaticity, and ensure that the organic matters contained in the restaurant wastewater can pass through OH (hydroxyl) at the anode in the process section - 、Cl - Generated by loss of electrons [ O ]]、Cl 2 The oxidation decomposition is realized to harmless substance CO under the action of strong oxidant 2 And H 2 O；
The flocculated restaurant wastewater after the electrolytic treatment by the aluminum electrode adopts the material of polyester long fiber and the air permeability of 125L/m 2 S, filter cloth with the thickness of 0.65mm, selecting a filter plate with the thickness of 35mm, performing high-pressure diaphragm plate-and-frame filter pressing at the working pressure of 1.2Mpa to remove floc suspended matter impurities, and performing aerobic fermentation treatment on waste residues generated by filter pressing in the step S2 again, so that waste products are reasonably treated to realize zero emission of the process;
step S5: pumping the restaurant wastewater in a clear liquid state after plate-and-frame filter pressing treatment into a hollow fiber ultrafiltration device, wherein the ultrafiltration device uses a PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) material filter membrane, the designed hollow inner diameter is 1.0mm, the membrane aperture is 0.08 mu m, and the operation working pressure is 0.2Mpa to carry out advanced treatment on suspended matters, solid-phase impurity particles and the like in the restaurant wastewater, backwashing is carried out every 1.5h in the process, the backwashing pressure is 0.25Mpa, and backwashing liquid is combined with about 20% of mother liquor generated by ultrafiltration operation and is pumped into a plate-and-frame filter pressing system in the step S4 to carry out filter pressing again to remove the concentrated suspended matters and solid-phase impurities;
the treatment of the ultrafiltration system can prepare the process conditions for the DTRO reverse osmosis process, the produced water treated by the ultrafiltration system is pumped into a polyamide material, the reverse osmosis treatment is carried out in the DTRO reverse osmosis system with the membrane aperture of 1nm and the working pressure of 12Mpa, the DTRO reverse osmosis system can deeply remove salt ions represented by NaCl, microorganisms produced by propagation, micromolecular organic matters and other impurities contained in the restaurant wastewater to achieve the purpose of deep purification, and 5-20% of concentrated water can be generated besides the restaurant wastewater after the treatment of the DTRO reverse osmosis system;
for the generated concentrated water, pumping the concentrated water into a low-temperature total evaporation system with the operation vacuum degree of-95 kPa and the operation temperature of 70 DEG CEvaporating until salt crystals of concentrated aquatic products are separated out, pumping condensed water generated in the evaporation process into an ozone catalytic oxidation system for ozone catalytic oxidation treatment, wherein the ozone catalytic oxidation system adopts the mode that ozone loading is 160mg/L, ozone is blown in a titanium type micro-pore micro-nano aeration disc with the pore diameter of 10 mu m, and a double-active component Mn-Cu/gamma-Al is applied 2 O 3 As catalyst, catalytic oxidation decomposition is performed for about 60min to catalytically decompose ozone into [ O ]]And catalyzing to generate hydroxyl free radical (. OH) to degrade pollutants such as micromolecule COD (chemical oxygen demand) and the like easily contained in the condensed water, preventing the pollutants from escaping from the membrane in the closed cycle of the process, directly reaching the standard and safely discharging the ozone after the unreacted ozone tail gas passes through a thermal catalysis tail gas destructor to ensure that the ozone concentration in the gas after the tail gas is decomposed is less than 0.08mg/L, and pumping the produced water after the ozone catalysis oxidation into an ultrafiltration system again to perform the step S5;
continuing to perform step S6 on the catering wastewater treated by the DTRO reverse osmosis system;
step S6: carrying out titanium electrode electrolysis treatment on the restaurant wastewater, wherein a titanium electrode electrolysis system adopts an 80-mesh titanium-based platinum group metal oxide loaded coating Ti/RuO 2 -Ir 2 O 3 For the electrodes, a coating thickness of 3 μm and an applied current density of 200A/m were designed 3 The electrolysis time is 90min, and simultaneously, electrode conversion is carried out every 10min to keep the electrode efficiency, a titanium electrode electrolysis system treats the restaurant wastewater to obtain electrolyzed restaurant wastewater and bottom water accumulated by electrolysis, wherein the bottom water is returned to the step S5 to carry out plate-and-frame filter pressing treatment again;
because the catering waste water is easy to dissolve organic matters such as protein, peptide, amino acid and the like which are contained in animal and plant food in a large quantity, after the catering waste water is treated by the steps, the ammonia nitrogen index value has higher risk, and therefore, the catering waste water can be deeply purified and removed of potential ammonia nitrogen after being electrolyzed by the titanium electrode;
the restaurant wastewater after electrolysis adopts the ultraviolet effective dose intensity of 90mJ/cm in a 304 polished stainless steel cavity 2 And a 253.7nm short-wave ultraviolet quartz sleeve ultraviolet lamp is subjected to deep ultraviolet disinfection treatment for 60s, so that residual potential microorganisms in produced water are deeply killed, and the quality of the process produced water is further ensured.
After the treatment of the process steps:
the produced water is clear and transparent, has no visible suspended matter and impurity, no oil stain and no peculiar smell.
Main characteristic water quality index after treatment
The food and beverage waste water quality after complete technology supporting processing of this scheme can reach national sewage and synthesize and discharge up to standard the first order standard and discharge or return to raw water quality of water quenching and tempering ware as the recycled water and carry out reuse, and each section result of technology all realizes the utilization design of resourceization, realizes zero release technological effect when handling the huge pollutant, simultaneously, can have certain linking influence between each step of technology, makes to cooperate each other between the technological effect and increases its technological effect and include: the pH value of the water can be in a normal neutral state by the acid-base regulation treatment, and the subsequent demulsifier can exert good effect; the air-flotation cyclone is used for treating the restaurant wastewater, so that not only can grease impurities contained in the restaurant wastewater be removed, but also preparation can be made for subsequent ultrafiltration system treatment and DTRO reverse osmosis process, and the problem that the effect is difficult to exert due to high membrane pressure difference is avoided; and the ozone catalytic oxidation treatment can decompose small molecular substances in the evaporated condensate water, so that the problem that the water quality reaches the standard due to the fact that the small molecular substances are not effectively removed due to membrane escape in the ultrafiltration energy and DTRO reverse osmosis process is solved.
Example 2
The following data are obtained from restaurant wastewater in a dining hall of a certain factory in the embodiment:
the original restaurant wastewater is a yellow brown liquid, has obvious sticky suspended matters which are sequentially increased from top to bottom, has a slightly transparent upper part and a deep lower part, floats a small amount of vegetable residues on the surface, and has unpleasant and pungent odor. The specific indexes are as follows:
main characteristic water quality index before treatment
Step S1: firstly, introducing the collected restaurant wastewater into a raw water quality conditioner for water quality regulation, wherein the raw water quality conditioner is preferably a pool with a blade stirrer with the conditioning revolution of 300rpm, the solid content of the water is regulated to be less than 5%, the specific parameters of a coarse and fine grid device are set to be grid spacing of 20mm, the angle of the grid is 75 degrees, the rotation speed is 3m/min, and the raw material adopts 304 stainless steel, protection grade IP54 and insulation grade F;
step S2: the restaurant wastewater treated by the coarse and fine grille device is introduced into a centrifugal separator for deep solid-liquid separation treatment, so that the restaurant wastewater is clarified, the centrifugal rotation number of the centrifugal separator is 6000rpm, the centrifugal time is 10min, the restaurant wastewater is treated by the centrifugal separator to obtain liquid-phase restaurant wastewater and solid-phase waste residues, wherein 1% of a composite bacterial aid is added into the solid-phase waste residues for aerobic fermentation treatment, and the aerobic fermentation treatment is carried out at normal temperature for 12 days to prepare an organic fertilizer, so that recycling of the solid-phase waste residues is realized, wherein the composite bacterial aid comprises 60% of wheat bran, 20% of rice bran and 20% of a flour matrix, and is inoculated with 0.5% of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycetes, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, polymyxa fungus, aspergillus and rhizopus at the temperature of 37 ℃ for 120h, so that the strain concentration reaches 10 8 CFU/g, and vacuum freeze drying to obtain;
because the liquid restaurant wastewater is rich in organic matters and is easy to cause fermentation due to a large number of microorganisms, the pH index of the liquid restaurant wastewater mostly shows a meta-acidic range of 2-6, the pH of water is adjusted to be in a neutral range of 6.5-7.5 by adding an acid-base auxiliary agent into the restaurant wastewater in an acid-base adjuster, and the effect of the subsequent steps can be improved, wherein the acid-base auxiliary agent consists of 6% of sodium hydroxide solution and 3% of hydrochloric acid, the sodium hydroxide solution is used as a main adjusting agent of the acid-base auxiliary agent, the dilute hydrochloric acid mainly plays a role of a pH adjusting preparation agent, and the restaurant wastewater after pH adjustment is continuously treated;
and step S3: the addition of the water-oil separating agent to restaurant wastewater with neutral pH value for improving the oil-water separation effectThe demulsification auxiliary agent comprises 250mg/L CaCl 2 Combining the solution with cationic polyacrylamide solution with concentration of 150mg/L, and then delivering the demulsified restaurant wastewater to an air flotation cyclone for oil-water separation, wherein the air flotation cyclone controls the diameter parameter of micro-nano functional bubbles to be about 250nm, the functional bubbles are uniformly distributed and raised from ground to top, the working pressure is 0.8MPa, and the hydraulic load is 3m 3 /(m 2 H), the hydraulic retention time is 30min, the water flow self-revolves from bottom to top to form a rotational flow, the surface layer of the water surface reaches the rotating speed of 150rpm, the grease components in the restaurant wastewater are separated and removed, the generated waste grease is collected, and the collected waste grease is subjected to alcoholysis refining by a third party unit with treatment qualification to prepare the biomass diesel, so that the recycling of resources is realized;
and step S4: impurity removal treatment is carried out on the catering wastewater after oil-water separation treatment, the scheme adopts an aluminum electrode electrolysis mode added with non-chemical agents to carry out electroflocculation impurity removal, and meanwhile, pure aluminum is used as an electrode plate for positive and negative electrodes of aluminum electrode electrolysis, and the electric load is controlled to be 15F/m 3 Current density 120A/m 3 The electrolysis time is 6min, the electrodes are inverted once every 1min, the electrode scaling is prevented from influencing the electrolysis efficiency, the electrode plates of the two electrodes are uniformly consumed, the electrodes are convenient to maintain, colloidal molecules, residual grease, residual suspended matters and the like in the catering wastewater can be taken out in the step, organic matters are decomposed, the COD (chemical oxygen demand) and chromaticity equivalence are reduced, and the organic matters contained in the catering wastewater can pass through the OH on the anode in the process section - 、Cl - Generated by loss of electrons [ O ]]、Cl 2 The oxidation decomposition is realized to harmless substance CO under the action of strong oxidant 2 And H 2 O；
The flocculated restaurant wastewater after the electrolytic treatment by the aluminum electrode adopts the material of polyester filament and the air permeability of 130.6L/m 2 S, filter cloth with the thickness of 0.60mm, selecting a filter plate with the thickness of 40mm, performing high-pressure diaphragm plate-and-frame filter pressing at the working pressure of 1.5Mpa to remove floc suspended matter impurities, and performing aerobic fermentation treatment on waste residues generated by filter pressing in the step S2 again, so that waste products are reasonably treated to realize zero emission of the process;
step S5: pumping the restaurant wastewater in a clear liquid state after plate-and-frame filter pressing treatment into a hollow fiber ultrafiltration device, wherein the ultrafiltration device uses a PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) material filter membrane, the designed hollow inner diameter is 1.2mm, the membrane aperture is 0.08 mu m, and the operation working pressure is 0.6Mpa to carry out advanced treatment on suspended matters, solid-phase impurity particles and the like in the restaurant wastewater, backwashing is carried out every 1.0h in the process, the backwashing pressure is 0.20Mpa, and backwashing liquid is combined with about 15% of mother liquid generated by ultrafiltration operation and is pumped into a plate-and-frame filter pressing system in the step S4 to carry out filter pressing again to remove the concentrated suspended matters and solid-phase impurities;
the treatment of the ultrafiltration system can prepare the technological conditions for the DTRO reverse osmosis process, the produced water treated by the ultrafiltration system is pumped into a polyamide material, the membrane aperture is 1nm, the working pressure is 16Mpa, and the DTRO reverse osmosis system carries out reverse osmosis treatment, can deeply remove the impurities such as NaCl-representative salt ions, reproduced microorganisms, micromolecular organic matters and the like contained in the restaurant wastewater, and achieves the purpose of deep purification, wherein, the DTRO reverse osmosis system can generate 20% concentrated water besides the restaurant wastewater;
pumping the generated concentrated water into a low-temperature full-evaporation system with the operation vacuum degree of-70 kPa and the operation temperature of 85 ℃ for evaporation until salt crystals of the concentrated water are separated out, pumping condensed water generated in the evaporation process into an ozone catalytic oxidation system for ozone catalytic oxidation treatment, wherein the ozone catalytic oxidation system adopts the mode that ozone is loaded at 180mg/L, ozone is blown into a titanium micro-pore micro-nano aeration disc with the pore diameter of 15 mu m, and double active components Mn-Cu/gamma-Al are utilized 2 O 3 As catalyst, catalytic oxidation decomposition is performed for about 50min to catalytically decompose ozone into [ O ]]And catalyzing to generate hydroxyl free radical (. OH) to degrade micromolecular COD and other pollutants easily contained in the condensed water, preventing the pollutants from escaping from the membrane in the closed cycle of the process, directly reaching the standard and safely discharging the ozone after the unreacted ozone tail gas passes through a thermal catalysis tail gas destructor to ensure that the ozone concentration in the gas after the tail gas is decomposed is less than 0.08mg/L, and pumping the water produced after the catalytic oxidation of the ozone into an ultrafiltration system for re-performing the step S5;
continuing to perform step S6 on the catering wastewater treated by the DTRO reverse osmosis system;
step S6: carrying out titanium electrode electrolysis treatment on the restaurant wastewater, wherein a titanium electrode electrolysis system adopts a 120-mesh titanium-based platinum group metal oxide loaded coating Ti/RuO 2 -Ir 2 O 3 For the electrodes, a coating thickness of 2 μm and an applied current density of 180A/m were designed 3 The electrolysis time is 60min, and simultaneously, electrode conversion is carried out every 10min to keep the electrode efficiency, a titanium electrode electrolysis system treats the restaurant wastewater to obtain electrolyzed restaurant wastewater and bottom water accumulated by electrolysis, wherein the bottom water is returned to the step S5 to carry out plate-and-frame filter pressing treatment again;
because the catering waste water is easy to dissolve organic matters such as protein, peptide, amino acid and the like which are contained in animal and plant food in a large quantity, after the catering waste water is treated by the steps, the ammonia nitrogen index value has higher risk, and therefore, the catering waste water can be deeply purified and removed of potential ammonia nitrogen after being electrolyzed by the titanium electrode;
the electrolyzed restaurant wastewater adopts the ultraviolet effective dose intensity of 100mJ/cm in a 304 polished stainless steel cavity 2 And a 253.7nm short-wave ultraviolet quartz sleeve ultraviolet lamp is subjected to deep ultraviolet disinfection treatment for 50s, so that residual potential microorganisms in produced water are deeply killed, and the quality of the process produced water is further ensured.
The produced water after the treatment is colorless, clear and transparent, and has no impurities, no suspended matters, no oil stains and no peculiar smell. The appearance is similar to that of pure tap water. The specific indexes are as follows:
main characteristic water quality index after treatment
As can be seen from the two groups of examples and the comparative data, the process scheme can effectively purify the restaurant wastewater in the restaurant wastewater treatment process, and meanwhile, no waste product is generated in the process.
The above-mentioned embodiment is only one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and any insubstantial changes or modifications made within the spirit and scope of the main design of the present invention will solve the technical problems consistent with the present invention and shall be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The advanced treatment process method of the restaurant wastewater is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1: stirring the restaurant wastewater to obtain restaurant wastewater with the water solid content of below 5%, and then removing impurities from the tempered restaurant wastewater by using a coarse and fine grid device;
step S2: carrying out solid-liquid separation treatment on the restaurant wastewater treated in the step S1 by using a centrifugal separator to obtain liquid-phase restaurant wastewater and solid-phase waste residues, and adding an acid-base assistant into the restaurant wastewater to adjust the pH value to be within a range of 6.5-7.5;
and step S3: adding a demulsification aid into the restaurant wastewater with a neutral pH value, and then introducing into an air floatation swirler for oil-water separation to remove waste grease in the restaurant wastewater;
and step S4: performing electric flocculation impurity removal on the restaurant wastewater treated in the step S3 in an aluminum electrode electrolysis mode, and performing plate-and-frame filter pressing on the restaurant wastewater containing floc obtained after the aluminum electrode treatment to obtain restaurant wastewater and waste residues after the filter pressing treatment;
step S5: pumping the restaurant wastewater obtained in the step S4 into an ultrafiltration system for advanced treatment, pumping the restaurant wastewater treated by the ultrafiltration system into a DTRO reverse osmosis system for reverse osmosis treatment, and pumping the restaurant wastewater into a titanium electrode electrolysis system for electrolysis treatment;
step S6: the titanium electrode electrolysis system is used for treating the restaurant wastewater to obtain electrolyzed restaurant wastewater and bottom water accumulated by electrolysis, and the electrolyzed restaurant wastewater is subjected to ultraviolet sterilization treatment to obtain clear water reaching the standard.
2. The advanced treatment process of restaurant wastewater as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: and the restaurant wastewater in the step S1 is stirred by a raw water quality conditioner, the distance between grid bars of a thick and thin grid device is 5-20 mm, the angle of the grid bars is 75 degrees, and the rotation speed is 3-4 m/min.
3. The advanced treatment process of restaurant wastewater as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: the equipment parameters of the centrifugal separator in the step S2 are that the centrifugal revolution is 3500-6000 rpm, and the centrifugal time is 1-15 min; the waste residue in the step S2 is subjected to harmless treatment, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: adding a composite bacteria additive accounting for 0.5-1% of the total mass into the solid-phase waste residue, and then carrying out normal-temperature aerobic fermentation treatment on the solid-phase waste residue added with the composite bacteria additive to prepare an organic fertilizer; the acid-base assistant agent consists of 5-10% of sodium hydroxide solution and 1-5% of hydrochloric acid, wherein the sodium hydroxide solution is used as a main adjusting agent, and the dilute hydrochloric acid is mainly used as a pH adjusting preparation agent.
4. The advanced restaurant wastewater treatment process according to claim 3, characterized in that: the composite bacteria additive consists of 60-70% of wheat bran, 10-20% of rice bran and 10-20% of flour substrate, and is inoculated with 0.1-0.5% of bacillus subtilis, saccharomycete, azotobacter, polymyxa, aspergillus and rhizopus in a concentration ratio of 1 6 ～10 8 And the CFU/g is prepared by vacuum freeze drying.
5. The advanced restaurant wastewater treatment process according to claim 4, characterized in that: the demulsification auxiliary agent in the step S3 is prepared from CaCl with the concentration of 100-300 mg/L 2 The solution is combined with cationic polyacrylamide solution with the concentration of 50-150 mg/L; the parameters in the air flotation cyclone are as follows: controlling the diameter parameter of the micro-nano functional bubble to be 200 nm-50 mu m, the working pressure to be 0.4-0.8 Mpa and the hydraulic load to be 3-5 m 3 /(m 2 H), the hydraulic retention time is 15-30 min, the rotation speed of the surface layer of the water surface is 30-150 rpm, and the waste grease obtained by the treatment in the step S3 is collected, alcoholyzed and refined to prepare the biodiesel.
6. The advanced restaurant wastewater treatment process according to claim 5, characterized in that: the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate of the equipment adopted in the aluminum electrode electrolysis mode in the step S4 are all made of pure aluminum, and the electric load is controlled to be 1-20F/m 3 The current density is 20-120A/m 3 The electrolysis time is 3-9 min, and simultaneously, the electrode conversion is carried out every 1 min; the plate frame filter pressing treatment adopts the material of polyester long fiber and the air permeability is 37.8-130.6L/m 2 S, 0.27-0.65 mm thick filter cloth, 30-40 mm thick aluminum plate, 0.5-1.5 Mpa working pressure, and performing harmless treatment on the waste residue obtained through plate and frame filter pressing treatment and the waste residue obtained in the step S2.
7. The advanced restaurant wastewater treatment process according to claim 6, characterized in that: the ultrafiltration system in the step S5 adopts a PVDF material filter membrane, wherein the hollow inner diameter is 0.8-1.2 mm, the membrane aperture is 0.01-0.08 mu m, the operation working pressure is 0.2-0.6 Mpa, backwashing is carried out every 0.5-1.5 h in the process of carrying out the advanced treatment procedure, and the backwashing pressure is 0.15-0.25 Mpa; and simultaneously pumping mother liquor generated by the treatment of the ultrafiltration system into the plate-and-frame filter pressing treatment in the step S4 for filter pressing treatment again, wherein the DTRO reverse osmosis system adopts a polyamide disc-tube reverse osmosis membrane with the membrane aperture of 0.5-10 nm and the working pressure of 7.5-16 Mpa, the restaurant wastewater subjected to the reverse osmosis treatment is additionally provided with concentrated water accounting for 5-20% of the total amount of the process section inlet water, and the concentrated water is subjected to secondary process treatment.
8. The advanced restaurant wastewater treatment process according to claim 7, characterized in that: the secondary process treatment of the concentrated water in the step S5 comprises the following steps:
step (5.1): pumping the concentrated water into a low-temperature total evaporation system, evaporating under the conditions that the operating vacuum degree of the low-temperature total evaporation system is-70 to-95 kPa and the operating temperature is 45 to 85 ℃ until the concentrated water produces salt crystals and is separated out, and then pumping the condensed water of the water produced by the low-temperature total evaporation system into an ozone catalytic oxidation system;
step (5.2): the condensed water is treated by ozone catalytic oxidation in an ozone catalytic oxidation system, wherein the ozone loading capacity of the ozone catalytic oxidation system is 60-180 mg/L, ozone is blown in a titanium micro-porous micro-nano aeration disc mode with the aperture of 0.22-20 mu m, and a double-active component Mn-Cu/gamma-Al is applied 2 O 3 And as a catalyst, returning the produced water treated by the ozone catalytic oxidation system to the ultrafiltration system for advanced treatment again.
9. The advanced treatment process of restaurant wastewater as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: the titanium electrode electrolysis system adopts a 20-120-mesh plate-shaped titanium-based platinum group metal oxide loaded coating Ti/RuO 2 -Ir 2 O 3 The electrode is designed with a coating thickness of 0.5-3 μm and an applied current density of 20-200A/m 3 And the electrolysis time is 20-120 min, electrode conversion is carried out every 10min, and bottom water accumulated by the titanium electrode electrolysis system is returned to the step S5 for plate frame filter pressing treatment.
10. The advanced restaurant wastewater treatment process according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ultraviolet sterilization treatment in the step S6 is specifically to adopt a 253.7nm short-wave ultraviolet quartz sleeve ultraviolet lamp, and the ultraviolet effective dose intensity is 80-100 mJ/cm 2 And performing the lower irradiation treatment for 30 to 60 seconds.
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