CN115364700A - Polyvinylidene fluoride-based modified super-hydrophobic membrane, and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Polyvinylidene fluoride-based modified super-hydrophobic membrane, and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115364700A CN115364700A CN202210923173.5A CN202210923173A CN115364700A CN 115364700 A CN115364700 A CN 115364700A CN 202210923173 A CN202210923173 A CN 202210923173A CN 115364700 A CN115364700 A CN 115364700A
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 230000003075 superhydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004379 membrane Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 99
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 210000002469 basement membrane Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 34
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 17
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000149 chemical water pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007385 chemical modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012527 feed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- QTRSWYWKHYAKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,10-henicosafluorodecyl-tris(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethoxy)silane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)O[Si](OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)(OC(F)(F)C(F)(F)F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F QTRSWYWKHYAKEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009285 membrane fouling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
- B01D71/34—Polyvinylidene fluoride
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/36—Pervaporation; Membrane distillation; Liquid permeation
- B01D61/364—Membrane distillation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0081—After-treatment of organic or inorganic membranes
- B01D67/0093—Chemical modification
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/38—Hydrophobic membranes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of membrane surface modification, and discloses a polyvinylidene fluoride-based modified super-hydrophobic membrane, a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: taking a hydrophobic PVDF membrane as a basement membrane, and carrying a layer of carbon black on the basement membrane through suction filtration; the base membrane after suction filtration was immersed in an ethanol solution of (1H, 2H) -perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane, and dried to obtain the polymer. According to the invention, the hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride substrate membrane is modified by adopting a method combining vacuum auxiliary assembly and wet modification, so that the modified super-hydrophobic membrane with super-hydrophobicity and stable structure is prepared, and the modified super-hydrophobic membrane has good anti-pollution performance and keeps high distillation flux.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of membrane surface modification, in particular to a polyvinylidene fluoride-based modified super-hydrophobic membrane, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the rapid population growth, rapid promotion of industrialization in various countries and aggravation of pollution of fresh water resources available to human beings, the crisis of water resource shortage is emerging. In order to solve the current situation, the treatment of various water bodies, such as seawater desalination, wastewater treatment and recycling, even high-salt wastewater treatment and recycling, is a necessary trend. The conventional methods for treating high-salinity wastewater in the prior art comprise physicochemical treatment, biological treatment, membrane separation and the like. Among membrane separation techniques, more commonly used techniques such as Nanofiltration (NF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) show stable removal performance; however, NF or RO needs to be driven by high pressure, consuming a lot of energy during operation, and in addition, higher operating pressures also increase the degree of membrane fouling. As a new technology combining distillation and membrane separation, membrane Distillation (MD) can simultaneously carry out mass transfer and heat transfer to enable steam to carry out heat drive transfer through a hydrophobic microporous membrane, and MD not only has the advantages of small occupied area, low energy consumption and the like, but also can fully utilize the waste heat of industrial wastewater to generate high-quality water, so that MD is a technology worth researching in the process of desalting or treating high-salt wastewater. However, the contamination resistance and hydrophobic durability of the membrane present significant challenges due to the complex composition of the wastewater.
To ensure stable flux and effluent quality during long-term operation of hydrophobic membranes, many hydrophobic inorganic materials, such as hydrophobic Silica (SiO) 2 ) Hydrophobic titanium dioxide (TiO) 2 ) The nano particles are used for improving the hydrophobicity of the membrane or carrying out low surface energy chemical modification to improve the performance of the membrane in MD reaction, but in the long-term MD process, pollutants are inevitably accumulated on the surface of the membrane to block the membrane pores, so that the flux is reduced; on the other hand, if a single low surface energy chemical modification method is adopted, the flux is expected to be greatly improved, but the pollution resistance of the membrane needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a polyvinylidene fluoride-based modified super-hydrophobic membrane and a preparation method thereof, and aims to improve the flux and the anti-pollution performance of the hydrophobic membrane in long-term MD operation so as to solve the problems.
The invention realizes the purpose by adopting the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a polyvinylidene fluoride-based modified super-hydrophobic membrane comprises the following steps:
s1, taking a hydrophobic PVDF membrane as a base membrane, and carrying a layer of carbon black on the base membrane through suction filtration;
and S2, immersing the base membrane subjected to suction filtration in the step S1 into an ethanol solution of (1H, 2H) -perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane, and drying to obtain the finished product.
Preferably, the pore size of the hydrophobic PVDF membrane is 0.22 μm.
Preferably, the volume percentage of the (1H, 2H) -perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane in the ethanol solution of the (1H, 2H) -perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane is 15%.
Preferably, the drying temperature in the step S2 is 60 ℃, and the drying time is 12h.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a polyvinylidene fluoride-based modified super-hydrophobic membrane, which is prepared by the preparation method.
The invention also aims to provide application of the polyvinylidene fluoride-based modified super-hydrophobic membrane, in particular to application in membrane distillation.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the invention adopts a method combining vacuum auxiliary assembly and wet modification to modify a hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride substrate membrane, covers the surface of the hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride membrane by pumping and filtering a loaded carbon black layer to reduce membrane pores and increase the adsorption effect on low-surface-energy chemical modified substances, then reduces the surface chemical energy of the membrane by soaking (1H, 2H-) absolute ethanol solution of perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane, and prepares the modified super-hydrophobic membrane with super-hydrophobicity and stable structure. In addition, the modified super-hydrophobic membrane can always keep higher flux for membrane distillation of NaCl solutions with different concentrations, so that the flux of the membrane can be effectively improved in the modification process. The modified super-hydrophobic membrane also has a good treatment effect on low-age landfill leachate.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated by means of the attached drawings, but the embodiments in the drawings do not constitute any limitation to the invention, and for a person skilled in the art, without inventive effort, further drawings may be derived from the following figures.
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a hydrophobic PVDF membrane according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of a C-PVDF membrane according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an SEM image of a hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a membrane distillation apparatus according to an experimental example of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the change in flux of NaCl (1.5 wt%) solutions treated with the hydrophobic PVDF membrane and the hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane according to the experimental examples of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the change in flux of the hydrophobic PVDF membrane and the NaCl (3.5 wt%) solution treated with the hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane according to the experimental example of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the change in flux of the hydrophobic PVDF membrane and the NaCl (5.5 wt%) solution treated with the hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane according to the experimental example of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the change in conductivity on the pure water side of a NaCl (1.5 wt%) solution treated with the hydrophobic PVDF membrane and the hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane according to the experimental examples of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the change in conductivity on the pure water side of a NaCl (3.5 wt%) solution treated with the hydrophobic PVDF membrane and the hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane according to the experimental examples of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the change in conductivity on the pure water side of a NaCl (5.5 wt%) solution treated with the hydrophobic PVDF membrane and the hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane of the experimental examples of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the membrane distillation flux change of garbage leachate treated by the hydrophobic PVDF membrane and the hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane according to the experimental example of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing the conductivity change of the hydrophobic PVDF membrane and the hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane on the pure water side in the treatment of landfill leachate in the experimental examples of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following examples.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 to 12, a polyvinylidene fluoride-based modified superhydrophobic film provided by an embodiment of the invention is prepared by the following steps:
s1, carrying out suction filtration on 50mL of 2.3wt% carbon black aqueous solution to a hydrophobic PVDF membrane (the aperture is 0.22 mu m, the diameter is 50mm, and the sea salt Xindong plastication science and technology Co., ltd.), washing with pure water and then washing with absolute ethyl alcohol for 3 times respectively to obtain a C-PVDF membrane;
s2, placing the carbon black surface of the C-PVDF membrane in a suction filtration device in an upward mode, pouring 2mL of 15% (v/v) (1H, 2H) -perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane/absolute ethanol solution into a suction filtration cup after absolute ethanol on the membrane is evaporated to be dry, and sealing the mouth of the suction filtration cup by using a preservative film to enable the carbon black side of the C-PVDF membrane to be subjected to single-side soaking modification;
and S3, after 1h, taking the membrane out of the suction filtration device, and washing the membrane with absolute ethyl alcohol. After washing, heating and drying for 12h in an oven at 60 ℃ to obtain the hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane.
Examples of the experiments
1. Microscopic characterization
Examples SEM images of the hydrophobic PVDF membrane, the C-PVDF membrane, and the hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane are shown in fig. 1-3.
2. MD Performance testing of sodium chloride solutions of different concentrations
First, a sample of a hydrophobic PVDF membrane or a hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane (effective diameter: 3.5 cm) was placed in a self-made membrane distillation module, and a direct contact type membrane distillation experiment was performed under conditions of 200rpm of a peristaltic pump, 15 ℃ in a cold side incubator, 70 ℃ in a hot side water bath, 18 ℃ in an actual membrane cold side, and 55 ℃ in a hot side, and the membrane distillation device was constructed as shown in FIG. 4, wherein 1000mL of sodium chloride solutions (1.5 wt% NaCl solution, 3.5wt% NaCl solution, 5.5wt% NaCl solution, respectively) having different concentrations were used as a feed solution in a hot water side, and 400mL of pure water was used as a feed solution in a cold water side; after one concentration of sodium chloride solution is tested, the membrane is taken out and washed by pure water, and then the next concentration of sodium chloride solution is tested.
The membrane distillation flux and pure water side conductivity curves of the hydrophobic PVDF membrane and the hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane for sodium chloride solutions of different concentrations are shown in fig. 5-10, and it can be seen from fig. 5-10 that the flux of the hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane and the retention effect for salts are increased, and the flux is kept stable during MD for sodium chloride solutions of different concentrations without substantial decrease, whereas the flux is severely decreased when the initial hydrophobic PVDF membrane is treated with 5.5wt% nacl solution.
3. Landfill leachate performance test
Firstly, a sample of a hydrophobic PVDF membrane or a hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane (the effective diameter is 3.5 cm) is placed in a self-made membrane distillation assembly, a direct contact type membrane distillation experiment is carried out at the rotating speed of a peristaltic pump of 200rpm, the rotating speed of a cold side thermostat of 15 ℃, the rotating speed of a hot side water bath of 70 ℃, the actual membrane cold test temperature of 18 ℃ and the hot side temperature of 55 ℃, the feed liquid of the hot water side adopts 1000mL of garbage leachate concentrated solution (the garbage leachate concentrated solution is filtered by a 0.45 mu m filter membrane suction filtration device), and the feed liquid of the cold water side adopts 400mL of pure water.
The membrane distillation flux and pure water side conductivity curves of the garbage percolate by the hydrophobic PVDF membrane and the hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane refer to attached figures 11-12, the water quality indexes of the garbage percolate at the hot side and the pure water at the cold side before and after membrane distillation reaction refer to Table 1, and the attached figures 11-12 and Table 1 show that when the hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane is used for treating the garbage percolate concentrated solution, the membrane flux and the pollution resistance to pollutants are greatly improved, the hydrophobic F-C-PVDF membrane still maintains stable flux in the garbage percolate treated for 72 hours, the rising of the conductivity tends to be stable, the flux of the hydrophobic PVDF membrane tends to 0 after 2 hours of reaction, and the conductivity continues to increase rapidly.
TABLE 1 Water quality indices of Hot side landfill leachate and Cold side pure Water before and after Membrane distillation reaction
According to the embodiment of the invention, the hydrophobic polyvinylidene fluoride basement membrane is modified by adopting a method combining vacuum auxiliary assembly and wet modification, so that the modified super-hydrophobic membrane with super-hydrophobicity and stable structure is prepared, has good anti-pollution performance and keeps high distillation flux.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A preparation method of a polyvinylidene fluoride-based modified super-hydrophobic membrane is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, taking a hydrophobic PVDF membrane as a base membrane, and carrying a layer of carbon black on the base membrane through suction filtration;
s2, immersing the base membrane subjected to suction filtration in the step S1 into an ethanol solution of (1H, 2H) -perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane, and drying to obtain the membrane.
2. The method for preparing the polyvinylidene fluoride-based modified superhydrophobic film according to claim 1, wherein the pore size of the hydrophobic PVDF film is 0.22 μm.
3. The method for preparing a polyvinylidene fluoride-based modified superhydrophobic film according to claim 1, wherein the volume percentage of the (1H, 2H) -perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane in the ethanol solution of the (1H, 2H) -perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane is 15%.
4. The method for preparing the polyvinylidene fluoride-based modified superhydrophobic film according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature in the step S2 is 60 ℃ and the drying time is 12 hours.
5. Polyvinylidene fluoride-based modified superhydrophobic films prepared according to the preparation method of one of claims 1 to 4.
6. Use of the polyvinylidene fluoride-based modified superhydrophobic film of claim 5 in membrane distillation.
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