CN115360487A - Plane filtering power divider with broadband external suppression - Google Patents

Plane filtering power divider with broadband external suppression Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115360487A
CN115360487A CN202211079198.8A CN202211079198A CN115360487A CN 115360487 A CN115360487 A CN 115360487A CN 202211079198 A CN202211079198 A CN 202211079198A CN 115360487 A CN115360487 A CN 115360487A
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microstrip line
line
microstrip
port
branch
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CN115360487B (en
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郝宏刚
徐欢
王韫睿
黄文�
尹波
谭菲
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Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunications
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Chongqing University of Post and Telecommunications
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/201Filters for transverse electromagnetic waves
    • H01P1/203Strip line filters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01PWAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02DCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The invention relates to a planar filtering power divider with broadband external suppression, and belongs to the technical field of radio frequency and microwave passive devices. The planar filter power divider comprises a micro-strip line structure on the upper layer, a medium substrate on the middle layer, a metal ground on the bottom layer and two isolation resistors. Wherein the microstrip line structure of upper strata includes three port, first branch road microstrip line structure and second branch road microstrip line structure, and first port is connected with first branch road microstrip line structure and second branch road microstrip line structure respectively, and first branch road microstrip line structure is reconnected to the second port, and second branch road microstrip line structure is reconnected to the third port. The invention has good input return loss and broadband filtering response in S wave band, small size, low cost and wide applicability.

Description

Plane filtering power divider with broadband external suppression
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radio frequency and microwave passive devices, and relates to a planar filtering power divider with broadband external suppression.
Background
With the rapid development of rf microwave technology towards integration and multi-functionalization, researchers are less concerned about rf components or circuits with single function, and more attention will be paid to rf components or circuits with multi-function integration. The filter and the power divider are used as two core passive microwave devices and passive circuits designed based on a single-layer plane structure and a multi-layer quasi-plane structure, and are commonly cascaded and applied to circuits at the radio frequency front end of a communication system.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a planar filtering power divider with broadband external rejection, which reduces power loss and achieves the purposes of small size, wide application, and wide stopband rejection and ultra-wideband isolation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a plane filtering power divider with broadband external suppression comprises a first port 1, a second port 2, a third port 3, a first branch microstrip line structure and a second branch microstrip line structure which are symmetrically arranged;
the first port 1 is connected with the first branch microstrip line structure and the second branch microstrip line structure respectively, the first branch microstrip line structure is connected with the second port 2, and the second branch microstrip line structure is connected with the third port 3.
Further, the first branch microstrip line structure comprises a first step impedance resonator I, a second step impedance resonator I, a first open-circuit stub line I, a second open-circuit stub line I, a fifth microstrip line I405, a sixth microstrip line I406, an eleventh microstrip line I411, a fourteenth microstrip line I414, a first coupling line I408 and a second coupling line I412;
the first port 1, the first step impedance resonator I, the first open-circuit branch line I, the fifth microstrip line I405, the sixth microstrip line I406, the first coupling line I408, the second step impedance resonator I, the eleventh microstrip line I411, the second coupling line I412, the fourteenth microstrip line I414 and the second port 2 are connected in sequence;
the second open-circuit branch line I comprises a seventh microstrip line I407 and a thirteenth microstrip line I413, wherein the seventh microstrip line I407 is connected with the first coupling line I408 and is positioned at the same end of the first coupling line I408 with the sixth microstrip line I406; the thirteenth microstrip line i 413 is connected to the upper end of the second coupling line i 412, and is located at the same end of the second coupling line i 412 as the fourteenth microstrip line i 414.
Further, the first stepped-impedance resonator i comprises a first microstrip line i 401 and a second microstrip line i 402, the first open stub line i comprises a third microstrip line i 403 and a fourth microstrip line i 404, and the second stepped-impedance resonator i comprises a ninth microstrip line i 409 and a tenth microstrip line i 410.
The first microstrip line I401 and the second microstrip line I402 are sequentially connected, and the third microstrip line I403 and the fourth microstrip line I404 are connected, arranged between the second microstrip line I402 and the fifth microstrip line I405 and perpendicular to the fifth microstrip line I405; one end of a ninth microstrip line I409 is respectively connected with the first coupling line I408 and the eleventh microstrip line I411, the other end of the ninth microstrip line I409 is connected with a tenth microstrip line I410, and the other end of the tenth microstrip line I410 is open-circuited.
Further, the second branch microstrip line structure comprises a first stepped impedance resonator II, a second stepped impedance resonator II, a first open-circuit stub line II, a second open-circuit stub line II, a fifth microstrip line II 505, a sixth microstrip line II 506, an eleventh microstrip line II 511, a fourteenth microstrip line II 514, a first coupling line II 508 and a second coupling line II 512;
the first port 1, the first stepped impedance resonator II, the first open-circuit stub II, the fifth microstrip line II 505, the sixth microstrip line II 506, the first coupling line II 508, the second stepped impedance resonator II, the eleventh microstrip line II 511, the second coupling line II 512, the fourteenth microstrip line II 514 and the third port 3 are connected in sequence;
the second open-circuit branch line II comprises a seventh microstrip line II 507 and a thirteenth microstrip line II 513, wherein the seventh microstrip line II 507 is connected with the first coupling line II 508 and is positioned at the same end of the first coupling line II 508 as the sixth microstrip line II 506; the thirteenth microstrip line ii 513 is connected to the upper end of the second coupling line ii 512, and is located at the same end of the second coupling line ii 512 as the fourteenth microstrip line ii 514.
Further, the first step impedance resonator ii comprises a first microstrip line ii 501 and a second microstrip line ii 502, the first open-circuit stub line ii comprises a third microstrip line ii 503 and a fourth microstrip line ii 504, and the second step impedance resonator ii comprises a ninth microstrip line ii 509 and a tenth microstrip line ii 510;
the first microstrip line II 501 and the second microstrip line II 502 are sequentially connected, and the third microstrip line II 503 and the fourth microstrip line II 504 are connected and arranged between the second microstrip line II 502 and the fifth microstrip line II 505 and are vertical to the fifth microstrip line II 505; one end of a ninth microstrip line II 509 is connected with the first coupling line II 508 and the eleventh microstrip line II 511 respectively, the other end of the ninth microstrip line II 509 is connected with a tenth microstrip line II 510, and the other end of the tenth microstrip line II 510 is open-circuited.
Furthermore, the first stepped-impedance resonator i, the first stepped-impedance resonator ii, the second stepped-impedance resonator i, the second stepped-impedance resonator ii, the sixth microstrip line i 406 and the sixth microstrip line ii 506 are all of a bent structure.
Furthermore, the plane filtering power divider also comprises an isolation resistor I6, an isolation resistor II 7, a dielectric substrate and a metal ground;
the isolation resistor I6 is arranged between the fourth microstrip line I404 and the fourth microstrip line II 504, and the isolation resistor II 7 is arranged between the sixth microstrip line I406 and the sixth microstrip line II 506; isolation resistors I and II are both chip resistors.
The first port 1, the second port 2, the third port 3, the first microstrip line branch structure and the second microstrip line branch structure are arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate, and the first microstrip line branch structure and the second microstrip line branch structure are arranged on the other surface of the dielectric substrate in a metal mode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention has good input return loss and 1.5GHz broadband filter response in S wave band, and the relative bandwidth reaches 52.9%;
(2) The invention has the advantages of 3.96 GHz-11.1 GHz (3.89 f) outside the band 0 ) The wide stop band inhibition and the ultra-wideband isolation performance of DC-12 GHz are all better than 20dB;
(3) The filter and the power divider are combined and arranged on the same dielectric substrate, so that the power divider has the advantages of small size, low cost, wide applicability and low power loss.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims thereof.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a planar filter power divider with out-of-band rejection;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structural dimensions of a planar filtering power divider;
FIG. 3 is a plane filter power divider S 11 、S 21 、S 31 A simulation and actual measurement result graph of the parameters;
FIG. 4 is a plane filtering power divider S 22 、S 23 And (5) drawing the simulation and actual measurement results of the parameters.
Reference numerals are as follows: 1-a first port; 2-a second port; 3-a third port; 6-isolation resistance I; 7-isolation resistance II;
401-a first microstrip line i; 402-a second microstrip line i; 403-a third microstrip line i; 404-a fourth microstrip line i; 405-a fifth microstrip line i; 406-a sixth microstrip line i; 407-a seventh microstrip line i; 408-a first coupled line i; 409-a ninth microstrip line i; 410-a tenth microstrip line i; 411-an eleventh microstrip line i; 412-a second coupled line I; 413-a thirteenth microstrip line I; 414-a fourteenth microstrip line i;
501-a first microstrip line II; 502-a second microstrip line ii; 503-a third microstrip line ii; 504-a fourth microstrip line ii; 505-a fifth microstrip line ii; 506-a sixth microstrip line ii; 507-a seventh microstrip line ii; 508-a first coupled line ii; 509-ninth microstrip line ii; 510-a tenth microstrip line ii; 511-eleventh microstrip line ii; 512-second coupling line ii; 513-a thirteenth microstrip line ii; 514-a fourteenth microstrip line ii.
Detailed Description
The following embodiments of the present invention are provided by way of specific examples, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; for a better explanation of the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2, which are a schematic structural diagram and a schematic size diagram of a planar filtering power divider with broadband external rejection. The planar filtering power divider comprises a microstrip line structure on the upper layer, an isolation resistor, a medium substrate on the middle layer and a metal ground on the bottom layer. The dielectric substrate plate is Rogers4350B, the relative dielectric constant is 3.48, the thickness of the dielectric substrate is h =0.762mm, and the loss tangent is 0.0037; the thickness of the metal ground is 0.035mm, and the overall structural dimensions are L × W =43.6mm × 49.0mm.
The microstrip line structure on the upper layer comprises a first port, a second port, a third port, a first branch microstrip line structure and a second branch microstrip line structure. The first port is connected with the first branch microstrip line structure and the second branch microstrip line structure respectively, wherein the first branch microstrip line structure is connected to the second port again, and the second branch microstrip line structure is connected to the third port again. Three ports are all 50 ohm microstrip lines with consistent size and length of l 0 =5mm and width w 0 =1.62mm。
The first branch microstrip line structure comprises a first microstrip line I, a second microstrip line I, a fifth microstrip line I, a sixth microstrip line I, a seventh microstrip line I, a first coupling line I, a ninth microstrip line I, an eleventh microstrip line I, a second coupling line I, a fourteenth microstrip line I, a third microstrip line I, a fourth microstrip line I, a seventh microstrip line I, a tenth microstrip line I and a thirteenth microstrip line I which are sequentially connected. The third microstrip line I and the fourth microstrip line I are connected to form a first open-circuit branch line I (the end of the third microstrip line I, which is not connected with the fourth microstrip line I, is open-circuit, and the third microstrip line II in the second branch microstrip line structure is in the same way), and the first open-circuit branch line I is arranged between the second microstrip line I and the fifth microstrip line I and is vertical to the fifth microstrip line I. One end of the seventh microstrip line I is connected with the first coupling line I, and the other end of the seventh microstrip line I is open-circuited (in the second branch microstrip line structure, the seventh microstrip line II is arranged in the same way). One end of the tenth microstrip line I is connected with the ninth microstrip line I, and the other end of the tenth microstrip line I is open-circuited. One end of the thirteenth microstrip line I is connected with the second coupling line I, and the other end of the thirteenth microstrip line I is open-circuited (the thirteenth microstrip line II is arranged in the same way). The second branch microstrip line structure and the first branch microstrip line structure are of the same structure and are symmetrically arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate with the first branch microstrip line structure.
The first microstrip lines I and II are both of bending structures and have the same size, namely w 1 =0.94mm,l 1 =7.94mm,l 2 =4.38mm. The first microstrip line I and the second microstrip line II are both of bending structures and have the same size, and are respectively w 2 =0.3mm,l 3 =1.9mm, radius r 1 =1.9mm. The width of the third microstrip line is the same as that of the fourth microstrip line, and is w 3 =1.2mm, and the lengths of the third microstrip lines I and II are both l 4 =7.25mm, and the lengths of the fourth microstrip lines I and II are both l 5 =2.31mm. The sizes of the fifth microstrip lines I and II are the same and are respectively w 4 =0.5mm,l 6 =1.9mm. The sixth microstrip lines I and II are both of a bending structure and have the same size of w 5 =0.25mm,l 7 =10.8mm. The size of the seventh microstrip line I and II is w 6 =0.1mm,l 8 =5.64mm. The sizes of the first coupling lines I and II are both w 5 =0.25mm,l 9 =11.65mm, wherein the left end of the lower line of the first coupling line i is connected to the sixth microstrip line i, the right end is open, the left end of the upper line is connected to the seventh microstrip line i, the right end is connected to the ninth microstrip line i, and the distance between the two lines is s 1 =0.16mm; similarly, the left end of the upper line in the first coupling line II is connected with the sixth microstrip line II, the left end of the lower line is connected with the seventh microstrip line II, the right end of the lower line is connected with the ninth microstrip line II, and the distance between the two lines is s 1 . The ninth microstrip lines I and II are both of bending structures and have the size of w 7 =4.18mm,l 10 =8.04mm. The tenth microstrip lines I and II are both of a bending structure and have the size of w 8 =0.22mm,l 11 =23.81mm. The lower end of one line on the left side in the second coupling line I is connected with the eleventh microstrip line I, and the upper end of the second coupling line I is connected with the thirteenth microstrip line IThe upper end of a line on the right side is connected with a fourteenth microstrip line I with the size of w 9 =0.29mm,l 12 =13.91mm, two lines spacing s 2 =0.17mm; the second coupling line II and the first coupling line I are symmetrically arranged and have the same size and two line intervals. The radii of the eleventh microstrip lines I and II are both r 2 =1.7mm, and the radii of the fourteenth microstrip lines i and ii are both r 3 =2.2mm, and the widths of the eleventh microstrip line and the fourteenth microstrip line are the same as the width of the second coupling line and are 0.29mm; the sizes of the thirteenth microstrip line I and the thirteenth microstrip line II are both w 10 =0.1mm,l 13 =1.1mm。
The two isolation resistors are patch resistors, and can better improve the port isolation performance of the planar filtering power divider, wherein the isolation resistor I is arranged between the fourth microstrip line I and the fourth microstrip line II and has a resistance value of 80 ohms, the isolation resistor II is arranged between the sixth microstrip line I and the sixth microstrip line II and has a resistance value of 840 ohms.
FIG. 3 is a plane filtering power divider S 11 、S 21 、S 31 The comparison graph of the simulation and actual measurement results of the parameters shows that the actual measurement results show that the center frequency of the filter power divider is 2.85GHz, the in-band return loss is between 2.1GHz and 3.61GHz and is better than-18.5 dB, the relative bandwidth reaches 52.9 percent, and the S measured under the center frequency of 2.85GHz 21 And S 31 Respectively-3.49 dB and-3.62 dB, and is within the upper stop band inhibition range from 3.96GHz to 11.1GHz (3.89 f) 0 ) The ultra-wideband suppression degree is better than-20 dB, and the actual measurement is basically consistent with the simulation result.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a planar filter power divider S 22 、S 23 The simulation and actual measurement result of the parameters are plotted, and the output matching S of the filtering power divider is actually measured 22 Between 2.05GHz and 3.49GHz and better than-18.3 dB, and the in-band isolation degree S 23 Better than-24.4 dB, and the out-of-band isolation is from DC to 2.13GHz and from 3.6GHz to 12GHz (4.21 f) 0 ) The ultra-wideband range of the ultra-wideband antenna is better than-26 dB, and the actual measurement is basically consistent with the simulation result.
Finally, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims (9)

1. A planar filtering power divider with out-of-band rejection, characterized by: the circuit comprises a first port (1), a second port (2), a third port (3), and a first branch microstrip line structure and a second branch microstrip line structure which are symmetrically arranged;
the first port (1) is connected with the first branch microstrip line structure and the second branch microstrip line structure respectively, the first branch microstrip line structure is connected with the second port (2), and the second branch microstrip line structure is connected with the third port (3).
2. The planar filtering power divider of claim 1, wherein: the first branch microstrip line structure comprises a first step impedance resonator I, a second step impedance resonator I, a first open-circuit branch line I, a second open-circuit branch line I, a fifth microstrip line I (405), a sixth microstrip line I (406), an eleventh microstrip line I (411), a fourteenth microstrip line I (414), a first coupling line I (408) and a second coupling line I (412);
the first port (1), the first stepped-impedance resonator I, the first open-circuit stub I, the fifth microstrip line I (405), the sixth microstrip line I (406), the first coupling line I (408), the second stepped-impedance resonator I, the eleventh microstrip line I (411), the second coupling line I (412), the fourteenth microstrip line I (414) and the second port (2) are sequentially connected;
the second open-circuit branch line I comprises a seventh microstrip line I (407) and a thirteenth microstrip line I (413); the seventh microstrip line I (407) is connected with the first coupling line I (408) and is positioned at the same end of the first coupling line I (408) with the sixth microstrip line I (406); the thirteenth microstrip line i (413) is connected to the second coupled line i (412), and is located at the same end of the second coupled line i (412) as the fourteenth microstrip line i (414).
3. The planar filtering power divider of claim 2, wherein: the first stepped-impedance resonator I comprises a first microstrip line I (401) and a second microstrip line I (402), the first open-circuit stub line I comprises a third microstrip line I (403) and a fourth microstrip line I (404), and the second stepped-impedance resonator I comprises a ninth microstrip line I (409) and a tenth microstrip line I (410);
the first microstrip line I (401) and the second microstrip line I (402) are sequentially connected; the third microstrip line I (403) and the fourth microstrip line I (404) are connected and arranged between the second microstrip line I (402) and the fifth microstrip line I (405) and are perpendicular to the fifth microstrip line I (405); one end of a ninth microstrip line I (409) is connected with the first coupling line I (408) and the eleventh microstrip line I (411) respectively, and the other end of the ninth microstrip line I (409) is connected with the tenth microstrip line I (410).
4. The planar filtering power divider of claim 1, wherein: the second branch microstrip line structure comprises a first step impedance resonator II, a second step impedance resonator II, a first open-circuit stub line II, a second open-circuit stub line II, a fifth microstrip line II (505), a sixth microstrip line II (506), an eleventh microstrip line II (511), a fourteenth microstrip line II (514), a first coupling line II (508) and a second coupling line II (512);
the first port (1), the first step impedance resonator II, the first open-circuit stub II, the fifth microstrip line II (505), the sixth microstrip line II (506), the first coupling line II (508), the second step impedance resonator II, the eleventh microstrip line II (511), the second coupling line II (512), the fourteenth microstrip line II (514) and the third port (3) are sequentially connected;
the second open-circuit branch line II comprises a seventh microstrip line II (507) and a thirteenth microstrip line II (513); the seventh microstrip line II (507) is connected with the first coupling line II (508) and is positioned at the same end of the first coupling line II (508) with the sixth microstrip line II (506); the thirteenth microstrip line ii (513) is connected to the second coupling line ii (512), and is located at the same end of the second coupling line ii (512) as the fourteenth microstrip line ii (514).
5. The planar filtering power divider of claim 4, wherein: the first step impedance resonator II comprises a first microstrip line II (501) and a second microstrip line II (502), the first open-circuit stub line II comprises a third microstrip line II (503) and a fourth microstrip line II (504), and the second step impedance resonator II comprises a ninth microstrip line II (509) and a tenth microstrip line II (510);
the first microstrip line II (501) and the second microstrip line II (502) are sequentially connected; the third microstrip line II (503) and the fourth microstrip line II (504) are connected and arranged between the second microstrip line II (502) and the fifth microstrip line II (505) and are vertical to the fifth microstrip line II (505); one end of the ninth microstrip line II (509) is respectively connected with the first coupling line II (508) and the eleventh microstrip line II (511), and the other end of the ninth microstrip line II (509) is connected with the tenth microstrip line II (510).
6. The planar filtering power divider according to any one of claim 1, wherein: the plane filtering power divider also comprises an isolation resistor I (6) and an isolation resistor II (7); the isolation resistor I (6) is arranged between the fourth microstrip line I (404) and the fourth microstrip line II (504); the isolation resistor II (7) is arranged between the sixth microstrip line I (406) and the sixth microstrip line II (506).
7. The planar filtering power divider of claim 6, wherein: and the isolation resistor I (6) and the isolation resistor II (7) are both chip resistors.
8. The planar filtering power divider of claim 1, wherein: the planar filtering power divider further comprises a dielectric substrate and a metal ground, wherein the first port (1), the second port (2), the third port (3), the first microstrip line branch structure and the second microstrip line branch structure are arranged on one surface of the dielectric substrate, and the metal ground is arranged on the other surface of the dielectric substrate.
9. The planar filtering power divider according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the first step-impedance resonator I, the first step-impedance resonator II, the second step-impedance resonator I, the second step-impedance resonator II, the sixth microstrip line I (406) and the sixth microstrip line II (506) are all of bent structures.
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