CN115355840A - High-temperature hot air flow disturbance error compensation method and device in high-temperature deformation measurement - Google Patents
High-temperature hot air flow disturbance error compensation method and device in high-temperature deformation measurement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature deformation measurement, and discloses a method and a device for compensating high-temperature hot air flow disturbance errors in high-temperature deformation measurement, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of setting a deformation measuring device and a projection compensating device, wherein the deformation measuring device comprises a heating furnace, an observation window and at least one first camera arranged above the heating furnace, and the projection compensating device comprises an imaging platform, a projector and a second camera arranged above the imaging platform; the projector projects a mark point pattern to the imaging platform, a sample with random textures on the surface is arranged in the heating furnace, and a mark point reference image and a sample reference image before heating are obtained; heating the sample by a heating furnace, synchronously acquiring sample deformation images and mark point change images at different moments, and calculating the refractive index of high-temperature gas in each direction; and obtaining the displacement fields of the samples at different moments, and compensating the displacement fields based on the refractive index to obtain the real deformation of the samples. The method and the device can effectively carry out accurate compensation on the error caused by the disturbance of the high-temperature hot air flow.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field related to high-temperature deformation measurement, and particularly relates to a high-temperature hot air flow disturbance error compensation method and device in high-temperature deformation measurement.
Background
As a non-contact optical measurement method, the digital image correlation method has the advantages of convenience in equipment construction and high automation degree, and is widely applied to the fields of industrial manufacturing, aerospace, semiconductor devices and the like.
The digital image correlation method comprises the steps of collecting an image of an object to be measured with surface features through a camera, carrying out matching identification on an interested region of the image by using an image correlation algorithm, and obtaining a shape and deformation measurement result of the object after spatial coordinate transformation. In the object deformation process, the camera can synchronously acquire the real-time image of the object to be measured, so that the measurement data of the whole deformation period of the object to be measured can be obtained, and an important basis is provided for the physical property analysis of the object to be measured.
In practical industrial situations, deformation is often measured at high temperatures. Air density changes can form hot air flow disturbance in a high-temperature environment, and at the moment, if a traditional digital image correlation method is used for measurement, the light path of an object shot by a camera changes, so that the image acquired by the camera is distorted, and the precision of a measurement result is influenced, so that the traditional digital image correlation method has certain limitation in high-temperature measurement scenes such as electronic packaging reliability evaluation in a backflow process, performance test of parts in an aeroengine and the like. Chinese patent CN108955551 discloses a method for correcting the influence of hot gas flow on the digital image related measurement accuracy, a parameter matrix is obtained by the position change of the encoding point, the final correction value is obtained by multiplying the matrix by the displacement of each point calculated by DIC, although the correction values of different position points are different, the same matrix is used for correction, the matrix can only represent the average hot gas flow field, and when the gas flow in the heating furnace is not uniform, the correction values of different positions are greatly different.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for compensating high-temperature hot air flow disturbance errors in high-temperature deformation measurement, which can effectively compensate errors caused by high-temperature hot air flow disturbance.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for compensating for a disturbance error of a high temperature hot gas flow in a high temperature deformation measurement, the method including: s1: the method comprises the following steps of setting a deformation measuring device and a projection compensating device, wherein the deformation measuring device comprises a heating furnace, an observation window and at least one first camera arranged above the heating furnace, the projection compensating device comprises an imaging platform, a projector and a second camera arranged above the imaging platform, and an image of the projector is obliquely projected to the imaging platform through the observation window; s2: the projector projects a mark point pattern onto the imaging platform, and before the imaging platform is not heated, the second camera collects the mark point pattern as a mark point reference image; s3: arranging a sample with random textures on the surface in the heating furnace, and collecting a sample pattern without heating by the first camera to be used as a sample reference image; s4: the hot furnace heats the sample and synchronously acquires sample deformation images acquired by the first camera and mark point change images acquired by the second camera at different moments; s5: comparing the position variation of the mark point variation image with the position variation of the mark point reference image, and calculating the refractive index of the high-temperature gas in the heating furnace in each direction at different moments; s6: calculating displacement fields of the sample at different moments by adopting a digital image correlation algorithm according to the sample reference image and the sample deformation image; s7: and carrying out correction compensation on the displacement field based on the refractive index to obtain the real deformation of the sample.
Preferably, in step S5, the following formula is used to calculate the refractive index of the high-temperature gas in the heat furnace in each direction at different times:
wherein, b ij ，b′ ij The gas refractive indexes of different position angles on a xoz plane and a yoz plane respectively, wherein the xoy plane is a horizontal plane; i, j respectively corresponding to the mark points on the imaging plane along the x and y directionsNumbering; a is the refractive index of air outside the heating furnace, H is the height between the projector and the imaging platform, and L is the distance between the projector and the imaging platform along the x direction; x is the number of ij ，x′ ij The x-direction coordinate, y, of the mark point before and after the influence of hot air flow in the heating furnace ij ，y′ ij And the y-direction coordinate of the marking point before and after the influence of the hot air flow in the heating furnace is obtained.
Preferably, in step S7, based on the refractive indexes of the high-temperature gas in all directions, the displacement field is compensated by using a light refraction principle, and a specific formula for obtaining the true deformation of the sample is as follows:
wherein, [ x ] mn ，y mn ] T The displacement value in the x and y directions is compensated by utilizing the light refraction principle; [ x ] mn ′ ，y mn ′ ] T Displacement values of the sample in x and y directions are obtained by a digital image correlation algorithm; b mn ，b ′ mn The refractive indexes of the gas in the hot furnace along the x and y directions during the displacement compensation calculation of each point on the sample are respectively calculated from the b ij ，b i ′ j And obtaining the target through an interpolation algorithm.
Preferably, the interpolation algorithm is specifically: linear interpolation is performed once.
Preferably, the marking dot pattern is a pattern formed by distributing a plurality of dot arrays.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for implementing the method for compensating for high temperature thermal gas flow disturbance error in high temperature deformation measurement, the apparatus comprising a deformation measurement apparatus and a projection compensation apparatus, wherein: the deformation measuring device includes: the device comprises a hot furnace, an observation window and at least one first camera, wherein the sample is placed in the hot furnace for heating, the at least one first camera is arranged above the observation window and used for collecting images before and after the sample deforms, the hot furnace is of a sealing structure, and the observation window is positioned on two mutually vertical and adjacent surfaces of the hot furnace; the projection compensation apparatus includes: the second camera is positioned right above the imaging platform, the projector is positioned above the hot furnace, and patterns are projected to the imaging platform through the observation window and hot air in the hot furnace.
Preferably, the material of the observation window is a light-transmitting high-temperature-resistant material.
Preferably, the material of the observation window is quartz glass.
Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the application can directly extract the refraction interference of high-temperature gas in the heat furnace to the light path in each direction by identifying the influence of high-temperature hot gas flow on projection imaging by means of the projection compensation device, and then carries out point-by-point compensation on the deformation measurement value of each position point by means of the light refraction principle, thereby realizing the accurate correction of the measurement result of the hot gas flow interference.
2. The deformation measuring device and the projection compensation device are mutually independent, so that projection light is only influenced by hot air flow in the heating furnace, influence factors are strictly controlled, and correction values are more accurate.
3. The device of this application simple structure only need increase one set of projection compensation arrangement in initial measurement system can, the experimental system is built easily, has higher commonality.
4. The high-temperature hot air flow disturbance error compensation method has wide application scenes when high-temperature deformation is measured, many test experiments cannot be carried out under the vacuum condition, the experiment environment can be influenced by using the pneumatic device, the requirement on the measurement equipment is not high, and the experiment environment cannot be influenced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a step diagram of a high temperature hot gas flow disturbance error compensation method in high temperature deformation measurement according to the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the device for implementing the high temperature hot gas flow disturbance error compensation method in the high temperature deformation measurement of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a detailed structural diagram of an apparatus for implementing the high temperature hot gas flow disturbance error compensation method in the high temperature deformation measurement of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the overlapping area of the projector projection light path and the camera field of view in the proposed apparatus;
FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the present application where the projected light rays are refracted in the plane xoz;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the projected light rays refracted in the yoz plane in the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of light rays refracted on the plane xoz when a first camera in the deformation measuring device of the present application acquires a sample deformation picture;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the light rays refracted on the yoz plane when the first camera of the deformation measuring device of the present application takes a deformation picture of the sample;
fig. 9 is a pattern of marking dots proposed in the preferred embodiment of the present application.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
1-a first camera; 2-a second camera; 3-a light source; 4-a projector; 5, a first observation window; 6-observation window two; 7-an imaging platform; 8-sample; 9-heating furnace; 10-computer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a high temperature hot gas flow disturbance error compensation method in high temperature deformation measurement, which includes the following steps S1 to S7.
S1: set up and warp measuring device and projection compensation arrangement, wherein, warp measuring device and include hot stove, observation window and locate at least one first camera of hot stove top, projection compensation arrangement includes imaging platform, projector and locates the second camera directly over the imaging platform, the image of projector sees through the observation window oblique incidence of hot stove is to imaging platform, guarantees clear formation of image on the platform.
Namely, firstly, an experimental platform is built, and a deformation measuring device and a projection compensation device are arranged, as shown in fig. 3.
In a further preferred scheme, two observation windows are arranged on the hot furnace, a first camera collects images of a sample to be measured before and after deformation through the first observation window, and the projector projects a pattern on the imaging platform through the first observation window and the second observation window.
In a further preferred scheme, the projector and the camera are arranged at an angle, and the projection light path of the projector and the field of view of the camera have a large overlapping area, as shown in fig. 2 and 4.
In a further preferred scheme, the second camera is positioned right above the imaging platform and is calibrated.
A first camera in the deformation measuring device is fixed in position for calibration to obtain its internal and external parameters. The first camera and the second camera are synchronously controlled by the computer to ensure the time consistency of the acquired images.
S2: and the projector projects a mark point pattern onto the imaging platform, and before the imaging platform is not heated, the second camera collects the mark point pattern as a mark point reference image.
Before the hot furnace is not heated, the projection light of the projector passes through the cavity of the hot furnace through the observation window, but because no hot air current exists in the hot furnace, the marking point pattern projected onto the imaging platform is an initial pattern which is not influenced by the hot air current, and the marking point pattern is used as a marking point reference image.
In a further preferred embodiment, the marking dot pattern is a uniform pattern in which a plurality of dots are arranged in an array.
S3: and arranging the sample with the random texture on the surface in the heating furnace, and acquiring the pattern without heating by the first camera to be used as a sample reference image.
A pattern of the specimen is first acquired as a specimen reference image with a first camera prior to heating and loading.
S4: and the hot furnace heats the sample and synchronously acquires the sample deformation image acquired by the first camera and the mark point change image acquired by the second camera at different moments.
The sample is heated by a heating furnace, a load can be applied to the sample to be measured through a loading unit in the heating process so as to be beneficial to deformation, and the image of the sample to be measured acquired by the first camera and the image of the mark point acquired by the second camera at different moments are synchronously acquired.
S5: and comparing the position change of the mark point change image with the position change of the mark point reference image, and calculating the refractive index of the high-temperature gas in the furnace in each direction at different moments.
The method comprises the following steps of (1) changing the temperature of a heating furnace to cause the refractive index of gas in the furnace to change, and acquiring the refractive index of high-temperature gas in the furnace in each direction at different moments through the position change of each dot on a mark point change image and a mark point reference image, wherein the specific calculation steps are as follows:
as shown in fig. 5, on the xoz plane, the projection light is transmitted through the observation window and enters the furnace to be refracted, and according to the refraction theorem:
wherein alpha and beta are respectively an incident angle and an emergent angle of the light rays passing through the first observation window; a is the refractive index of air outside the furnace, b ij The refractive index of the gas in the hot furnace on the xoz surface;
the projection light is also refracted when passing through the observation window II, and the refraction formula is as follows:
wherein gamma is the emergence angle of the light rays passing through the observation window II;
the two formulas are combined to obtain:
and is composed of
H is the vertical height between the projector and the imaging platform, L is the distance between the projector and the imaging platform along the x direction, and i, j respectively correspond to the numbers of the dots on the imaging plane in the x direction and the y direction; x is the number of ij ，x i ′ j The x-direction coordinate of a certain dot on the marked image before and after heating in a heating furnace;
this yields:
as shown in fig. 6, the projected light is also refracted in the yoz plane, and the same can be obtained:
wherein y is ij ，y′ ij The y-direction coordinate of a certain dot on the marked image before and after heating in the heating furnace is shown.
S6: and calculating displacement fields of the samples at different moments by comparing the position changes of the sample reference image and the sample deformation image and adopting a digital image correlation algorithm.
According to the method, images before and after sample deformation are collected by a first camera, displacement fields of samples at different moments can be calculated based on a digital image correlation algorithm (DIC), and then error compensation can be performed on full-field deformation with hot air flow disturbance by using a light refraction principle in combination with refractive indexes of high-temperature gas in each direction in a heating furnace at the moment.
S7: and carrying out correction compensation on the displacement field based on the refractive index to obtain the real deformation of the sample.
As shown in fig. 7, on the xoz plane, the light is refracted when the camera collects the image of the sample to be measured, and the refraction formula satisfies:
wherein alpha and beta are respectively the emergence angle and the incidence angle of the light passing through the first observation window, and b mn The refractive index of gas in the hot furnace along the x direction when the displacement of each point on the sample is compensated;
this gives:
wherein H ′ The height from the first camera to the surface of the sample to be measured; x is the number of mn ′ The displacement value, x, of the sample in the x-direction calculated for the digital image correlation algorithm mn The displacement value in the x direction after refraction compensation is obtained;
by the same token, in the yoz plane in figure 8,
wherein b is ′ mn Refractive index of gas in furnace in y direction for compensation of displacement of each point on sample, y mn ′ The displacement value of the sample in the y direction, y, obtained by the digital image correlation algorithm mn Is the displacement value in the y direction after refraction compensation.
In addition, the discrete refractive index b of the light path between the projector and each round point can only be calculated according to the change of the mark point pattern ij ，b i ′ j Considering the projection angle of the projector, the size of the mark point pattern on the imaging plane, the size of the sample to be measured, and the like ij ，b′ ij Performing linear interpolation calculation once to obtain refractive index b capable of compensating displacement values of each continuous point on the surface of the sample mn ，b′ mn 。
In another aspect, the present invention provides a device for compensating high temperature hot gas flow disturbance error in high temperature deformation measurement, as shown in fig. 3, the device includes a deformation measurement device and a projection compensation device, and the specific structure is as follows.
The deformation measuring device includes: the hot stove 9, at least one first camera 1 and two observation windows 5,6, hot stove 9 is used for heating sample 8, at least one first camera 1 is located hot stove 9 top is used for gathering the image of sample 8, and the observation window does benefit to first camera and gathers the sample image in the stove and sees through the projection light. The hot stove is seal structure, the observation window is located hot stove mutually perpendicular and adjacent two sides.
In a further preferred scheme, the deformation measuring device further comprises a light source 3, and a loading unit can be additionally arranged; the light source is used for providing enough illumination conditions so as to acquire clear images, and the loading unit is used for applying load to the sample to be measured so as to deform the sample.
The projection compensation apparatus includes: the second camera 2 is positioned right above the imaging platform 7, the projector 4 is positioned above the heating furnace and on the side surface of the first camera, and the projection path of the projector penetrates through the observation window and the high-temperature hot air flow in the heating furnace.
When the heating furnace heats a sample, hot air flow generated in the furnace chamber influences the light path of the projector 4, the change of the projection light path causes the change of the projection pattern of the mark point, the change state of the position of a round point on the mark point at different moments is analyzed by comparing the image change of the projection pattern of the mark point in the heating process, the refractive index of high-temperature gas in the heating furnace in each direction is calculated, and the x-direction displacement value and the y-direction displacement value of the sample at different moments are compensated by utilizing the light refraction principle, so that the real deformation of the sample to be measured is obtained.
In order to enable the projected pattern to be imaged clearly, the imaging platform surface has diffuse reflection characteristics.
The first camera is fixed to a proper position and calibrated to obtain internal and external parameters of the first camera, and the optical axis of the second camera is perpendicular to the surface of the imaging platform so as to ensure that the collected projection mark point pattern is clear and accurate. The first camera and the second camera in the whole system are synchronously controlled by the computer 10, so that the first camera and the second camera can continuously and simultaneously acquire pictures.
In order to ensure the accuracy of the refraction compensation of the optical path and make the overlapping area of the camera view field and the optical path of the projector as large as possible, the position and the projection direction of the projector need to be adjusted, and further preferably, the error between the projection angle of the projector and the included angle between the first camera and the horizontal plane is +/-10 degrees.
As shown in fig. 9, the dot positions in the dot pattern are uniformly distributed and have appropriate sizes, so that the position change of the dot pattern can uniformly reflect the condition of the thermal airflow field.
In order to keep the projection pattern clear on the imaging platform, the first observation window and the second observation window are made of high-transmittance and high-temperature-resistant materials, and are preferably quartz glass sheets with high light transmittance. The projector 4 projects a mark point pattern to the imaging platform 7 through the observation window and a hot air flow field in the hot furnace at a certain angle, the second camera collects a projection pattern change image in real time, and the observation window can penetrate through projection light while playing a role of isolating hot air flow.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high-temperature hot air flow disturbance error compensation method in high-temperature deformation measurement is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the method comprises the steps that a deformation measuring device and a projection compensation device are arranged, wherein the deformation measuring device comprises a heating furnace, an observation window and at least one first camera arranged above the heating furnace, the projection compensation device comprises an imaging platform, a projector and a second camera arranged above the imaging platform, and an image of the projector is obliquely projected to the imaging platform through the observation window;
s2: the projector projects a mark point pattern onto the imaging platform, and before the imaging platform is not heated, the second camera collects the mark point pattern as a mark point reference image;
s3: arranging a sample with random textures on the surface in the heating furnace, and collecting a sample pattern without heating by the first camera to be used as a sample reference image;
s4: the hot furnace heats the sample and synchronously acquires a sample deformation image acquired by the first camera and a mark point change image acquired by the second camera at different moments;
s5: comparing the position variation of the mark point variation image with the position variation of the mark point reference image, and calculating the refractive index of high-temperature gas in the heating furnace in each direction at different moments;
s6: calculating displacement fields of the sample at different moments by adopting a digital image correlation algorithm according to the sample reference image and the sample deformation image;
s7: and based on the refractive indexes of the high-temperature gas in all directions, correcting and compensating the displacement field by utilizing a light refraction principle to obtain the real deformation of the sample.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the high temperature gas in the furnace in each direction at different time is calculated in step S5 by using the following formula:
wherein, b ij ，b′ ij The gas refractive indexes of different position angles on a xoz plane and a yoz plane respectively, wherein the xoy plane is a horizontal plane; i and j respectively correspond to the numbers of the mark points on the imaging plane along the x direction and the y direction; a is the refractive index of air outside the heating furnace, H is the height between the projector and the imaging platform, and L is the distance between the projector and the imaging platform along the x direction; x is the number of ij ，x′ ij The x-direction coordinate, y, of the marking point before and after the influence of hot air flow in the heating furnace ij ，y′ ij And the y-direction coordinate of the marking point before and after the influence of the hot air flow in the heating furnace is obtained.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein based on the refractive index of the high-temperature gas in each direction, the displacement field is corrected and compensated by using the principle of light refraction in step S7, and the concrete formula of the true deformation of the sample is:
wherein, [ x ] mn ，y mn ] T The displacement value in the x and y directions is compensated by utilizing the light refraction principle; [ x ] of mn ′，y mn ′] T Displacement values of the sample in x and y directions are obtained by a digital image correlation algorithm; b mn ，b′ mn The refractive indexes of the gas in the hot furnace along the x and y directions during the displacement compensation calculation of each point on the sample are respectively calculated from the b ij ，b′ ij And obtaining the target through an interpolation algorithm.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the interpolation algorithm is specifically: linear interpolation is performed once.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the marking dot pattern is a pattern formed by a plurality of dot arrays.
6. An apparatus for implementing the high temperature hot gas flow disturbance error compensation method in the high temperature deformation measurement according to any one of the above claims 1 to 5, wherein the apparatus comprises a deformation measurement apparatus and a projection compensation apparatus, wherein:
the deformation measuring device includes: the device comprises a hot furnace, an observation window and at least one first camera, wherein the sample is placed in the hot furnace for heating, the at least one first camera is arranged above the observation window and used for collecting images before and after the sample deforms, the hot furnace is of a sealing structure, and the observation window is positioned on two mutually vertical and adjacent surfaces of the hot furnace;
the projection compensation apparatus includes: the second camera is positioned right above the imaging platform, the projector is positioned above the hot furnace, and patterns are projected to the imaging platform through the observation window and hot air in the hot furnace.
7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the material of the viewing window is a light transmissive, high temperature resistant material.
8. The apparatus of claim 6 or 7, wherein the material of the viewing window is quartz glass.
9. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the projection angle of the projector is within ± 10 ° of the angle between the first camera and the horizontal plane.
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