CN115352152B - 一种快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块及装甲制备方法 - Google Patents

一种快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块及装甲制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115352152B
CN115352152B CN202210685493.1A CN202210685493A CN115352152B CN 115352152 B CN115352152 B CN 115352152B CN 202210685493 A CN202210685493 A CN 202210685493A CN 115352152 B CN115352152 B CN 115352152B
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祁少博
黄广炎
卞晓兵
王一帆
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块及装甲制备方法，该模块包括防弹层、缓冲层、防爆层；防弹层、缓冲层、防爆层沿迎爆面依次粘接，防弹层位于最外侧；防弹层由超高分子量聚乙烯布和芳纶布间隔叠合而成，超高分子量聚乙烯布位于最外层；缓冲层采用软质聚氨酯泡沫材料；防爆层为热塑性聚氨酯弹性体通过热粘合形成空腔后充入高压空气形成的气囊结构；防爆层侧面及底面设有粘接部。本发明能够快速收展、轻质便携、不给结构或者装备增加过多附加载荷，防爆效果好。

Description

一种快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块及装甲制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及防爆结构技术领域，具体涉及一种快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块及装甲制备方法。
背景技术
现代战争中，为了有效的保护作战人员及装备安全，通常会加装防护装甲结构，提升其战场的生存能力，随着反装甲武器破坏能力的不断提高，装甲的防护能力需进一步提升。对一线作战人员和高价值目标的营房进行反恐防护设计，将提高对战时爆炸攻击引发的多种伤害效应的抵抗能力，在公安、边防、高危工业等多领域具有重要科学意义和应用价值。
近些年防护装备从几何上增重、增厚，或从材料上增强、增韧的角度抵抗爆炸强动载，发展“以刚克刚”防护技术。作战人员及装备的机动性能是其作战能力的重要指标。因此，目前金属装甲、陶瓷及纤维增强复合材料复合装甲等重量大、勤务难，在现代边防野战、反恐处突中难以实用。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块及装甲制备方法，能够快速收展、轻质便携、不给结构或者装备增加过多附加载荷，防爆效果好。
本发明采用的技术方案如下：
一种快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块，包括防弹层、缓冲层、防爆层；
所述防弹层、缓冲层、防爆层沿迎爆面依次粘接，防弹层位于最外侧；所述防弹层由超高分子量聚乙烯布和芳纶布间隔叠合而成，超高分子量聚乙烯布位于最外层；所述缓冲层采用软质聚氨酯泡沫材料；所述防爆层为热塑性聚氨酯弹性体通过热粘合形成空腔后充入高压空气形成的气囊结构；所述防爆层侧面及底面设有粘接部。
进一步地，所述防弹层为超高分子量聚乙烯布和芳纶布多次间隔叠合形成的多层防弹纤维层，防弹层的密度为1.18～1.2g/cm3。
进一步地，所述缓冲层密度为0.023～0.045g/cm3，厚度为防弹层的4～5倍。
进一步地，所述防爆层为长方体充气气囊，所述气囊内垂直于迎爆面设有多个加强筋，所述加强筋为热塑性聚氨酯弹性体。
进一步地，所述热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的密度为1.10～1.25g/cm3，加强筋长度和气囊的宽度之比为0.8～0.9，所述宽度为垂直于迎爆面的截面短边；加强筋之间的距离和厚度之比为0.9～1.1，加强筋厚度为防弹层的10～20倍，所述加强筋厚度平行于迎爆面方向。
所述防爆层上设有单向阀。
进一步地，所述粘接部采用魔术贴。
一种快装式防爆防弹充气装甲制备方法，制备方法步骤如下：
步骤1，采用超高分子量聚乙烯布和芳纶布间隔叠合制成防弹层，超高分子量聚乙烯布位于最外层；
步骤2，采用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体通过热粘合形成空腔，充入高压空气后形成气囊结构作为防爆层；防爆层侧面及底面设有粘接部；
步骤3，将防弹层、缓冲层、防爆层沿迎爆面依次粘接，防弹层位于最外侧形成防爆防弹充气装甲模块，所述缓冲层采用软质聚氨酯泡沫材料；
步骤4，各防爆防弹充气装甲模块通过粘接部连接形成防爆防弹充气装甲。
进一步地，采用环氧胶粘接。
进一步地，所述粘接部采用魔术贴。
有益效果：
1、本发明的防爆防弹充气装甲模块能够快速收展、轻质便携、不给结构或者装备增加过多附加载荷，且能够对破片和弹丸进行有效的拦截，通过气囊结构的缓冲作用能够降低爆炸冲击波峰值，从而达到相应的防护作用。尤其适用于一些高原野战中的重要装备、营房，以及城市作战中重要民用建筑、交通枢纽，在面对冲击波时候，防爆能力较弱，且不能够承担大面积、较大附加荷载。
2、本发明的防爆层空腔内垂直于迎爆面设有多个加强筋，进一步增加了防爆可靠性。
3、本发明所采用的聚氨酯泡沫材料，用于协同防弹层大变形，同时也通过压缩变形吸收爆炸冲击波，该材料性能能够通过压缩、破碎吸能以及附加重量分散动能吸能进一步提高防爆防护性能。
4、本发明通过魔术贴实现防爆防弹充气装甲模块之间的粘接固定，能够快速收展，形成大面积、形状可变的充气式防爆防弹装甲结构。
5、本发明的防爆防弹充气装甲由多个相同的单模块结构拼接而成，能够根据需要被防护的装备、建筑大小、形状进行拼接，且由柔性防弹材料组成，不会造成二次伤害，提供有效的防护。防爆防弹充气装甲制备方法简单、易于实现。
附图说明
图1为快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块的剖面图；
图2为快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块的三维结构示意图；
图3为快装式防爆防弹充气装甲的防爆性能测试的布置示意图；
图4(a)、图4(b)分别为快装式防爆防弹充气装甲对比例2、实例的爆炸试验现象；
图5为实例及对比例1、2铝板最终变形图。
其中，1-防弹层，2-缓冲层，3-防爆层，4-快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块，5-魔术贴，6-单向阀。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图并举实施例，对本发明进行详细描述。
本发明提供了一种快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块，如图1、图2所示，该快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块4包括防弹层1、缓冲层2、防爆层3。
防弹层1用于防一定速度的破片和弹丸，为由超高分子量聚乙烯布和芳纶布间隔叠合缝边而成的复合纤维层，超高分子量聚乙烯布位于最外层，防弹层1的密度为1.18～1.2g/cm3。可根据防弹要求多次间隔叠合形成多层复合纤维层。
缓冲层2采用软质聚氨酯泡沫材料，用于协同防弹层1大变形，同时也通过压缩变形吸收爆炸冲击波；缓冲层2的密度为0.023～0.045g/cm3，厚度为防弹层1的4～5倍。
防爆层3为热塑性聚氨酯弹性体通过热粘合形成空腔后充入高压空气形成的气囊结构，本实施例中，防爆层3为长方体充气气囊，气囊内垂直于迎爆面设有多个加强筋，加强筋为热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，加强筋粘合上、下表层。气囊侧面及底面设有粘接部，同时侧面设有单向阀6。本实施例中，粘接部采用魔术贴5。
热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的密度为1.10～1.25g/cm3，加强筋长度和气囊的宽度之比为0.8～0.9，该宽度为垂直于迎爆面的截面短边；加强筋之间的距离和厚度之比为0.9～1.1，加强筋厚度为防弹层1的10～20倍，加强筋厚度平行于迎爆面方向。
防弹层1、缓冲层2、防爆层3沿迎爆面依次粘接，防弹层1位于最外侧，由此形成快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块4，快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块4尺寸一般为0.3m×0.3m×0.1m，也可针对不同的被防护结构进行相应的定制。
快装式防爆防弹充气装甲制备方法，制备方法步骤如下：
步骤1，采用超高分子量聚乙烯布和芳纶布间隔叠合制成防弹层1，超高分子量聚乙烯布位于最外层；具体地，通过模具裁剪相应尺寸大小的纤维布，最外层是一层超高分子量聚乙烯布，然后向内是一层芳纶布，再放一层超高分子量聚乙烯布，再叠合一层芳纶布，如此重复后，在四周通过缝合包边形成一个完整的防弹层1。
步骤2，通过模具裁剪相应尺寸大小的软质聚氨酯泡沫材料作为缓冲层2。
步骤3，采用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体通过热粘合形成空腔，充入高压空气后形成气囊结构作为防爆层3；防爆层3侧面及底面设有粘接部；具体地，通过模具裁剪相应尺寸大小的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体作为气囊结构的上面、底面、侧面、加强筋，在底面和侧面粘结魔术贴5，在侧面设置单向阀6，通过熔接机进行热粘合形成0.3m×0.3m×0.1m的空腔，通过空压机进行充气，气压在10～25kPa。
步骤4，将防弹层1、缓冲层2、防爆层3沿迎爆面依次粘接，防弹层1位于最外侧形成防爆防弹充气装甲模块，粘接采用环氧胶；
步骤5，各防爆防弹充气装甲模块通过魔术贴5连接形成大面积、形状可变的防爆防弹充气装甲。
本实施例中，单个快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块4抗弹层密度为1.19g/cm3，厚度为10mm的超高分子量聚乙烯布和芳纶布叠合并缝边；缓冲层2的软质聚氨酯泡沫材料密度为0.03g/cm3，厚度为50mm；防爆层3外观为0.3m×0.3m×0.1m，中间有六个通高不通长的加强筋形成空腔，所用材料为热塑性聚氨酯弹性体，材料密度为1.2g/cm3，厚度为0.5mm，热粘合成型。采用环氧胶对防弹层1、缓冲层2、防爆层3进行封装。通过空压机进行充气，气压在15kPa。整体快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块4的外观尺寸为0.3m×0.3m×0.16m，整个结构的重量为1.2kg左右。
选用0.3m×0.3m×0.6mm的铝板作为被防护结构，将快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块4与铝板作简单的粘结。
对比例1：
一种铝板，材质为实施例中所述的0.3m×0.3m×0.6mm的铝板材料。
对比例2：
一种防爆层和铝板，防爆层为实例中的0.3m×0.3m×0.1m的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体气囊，气压在15kPa，铝板为实施例中所述的0.3m×0.3m×0.6mm的铝板材料，将气囊型防爆层与铝板作简单的粘结。
本实施例中，爆炸物为90g的TNT，半径25mm×高28mm，爆心高度为1.3m。
防爆性能测试的试验布置示意图如图3所示。实例、对比例1、对比例2的中心均在1.3m，即均与爆心在一个水平面上。实例、对比例1、对比例2中的铝板与爆心之间的水平距离均为0.9m。
如图4(a)、图4(b)所示，为对比例2、实例中的铝板变形图。利用高速摄影仪拍摄了不同情形的爆炸响应过程，如图5所示。在见证铝板出现极大的塑性变形和撕裂破坏情况下，实例装甲及对比例2中的装甲在相应过程中出现形体缩小，但最终装甲基本保持原有完整性。实例、对比例1和对比例2在爆炸下的变形表明，快装式防爆防弹充气装甲在爆炸冲击波作用下，发生可恢复的压缩变形，气囊内气体压缩能、热能以及气体排出的动能而耗散，对比例2中的纯气囊防爆层相比于对比例1的防护性能提高70％；实例中的聚氨酯泡沫通过压缩、破碎吸能以及附加重量分散动能吸能进一步提高防爆防护性能，实例相比于对比例1防护性能提高82％，实例比纯气囊装甲对比例2提高40％。
综上所述，以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块，其特征在于，包括防弹层、缓冲层、防爆层；
所述防弹层、缓冲层、防爆层沿迎爆面依次粘接，防弹层位于最外侧；所述防弹层由超高分子量聚乙烯布和芳纶布间隔叠合而成，超高分子量聚乙烯布位于最外层；所述缓冲层采用软质聚氨酯泡沫材料；所述防爆层为热塑性聚氨酯弹性体通过热粘合形成空腔后充入高压空气形成的气囊结构；所述防爆层侧面及底面设有粘接部；
所述防爆层为长方体充气气囊，所述气囊内垂直于迎爆面设有多个加强筋，所述加强筋为热塑性聚氨酯弹性体；所述热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的密度为1.10～1.25g/cm3，加强筋长度和气囊的宽度之比为0.8～0.9，所述宽度为垂直于迎爆面的截面短边；加强筋之间的距离和厚度之比为0.9～1.1，加强筋厚度为防弹层的10～20倍，所述加强筋厚度平行于迎爆面方向；所述防爆层上设有单向阀。
2.如权利要求1所述的快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块，其特征在于，所述防弹层为超高分子量聚乙烯布和芳纶布多次间隔叠合形成的多层防弹纤维层，防弹层的密度为1.18～1.2g/cm3。
3.如权利要求1所述的快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块，其特征在于，所述缓冲层密度为0.023～0.045g/cm3，厚度为防弹层的4～5倍。
4.如权利要求1-3任意一项所述的快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块，其特征在于，所述粘接部采用魔术贴。
5.一种快装式防爆防弹充气装甲制备方法，其特征在于，采用如权利要求1-4任一项所述的快装式防爆防弹充气装甲模块，制备方法步骤如下：
步骤1，采用超高分子量聚乙烯布和芳纶布间隔叠合制成防弹层，超高分子量聚乙烯布位于最外层；
步骤2，采用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体通过热粘合形成空腔，通过模具裁剪相应尺寸大小的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体作为气囊结构的上面、底面、侧面、加强筋，充入高压空气后形成气囊结构作为防爆层；防爆层侧面及底面设有粘接部；
步骤3，将防弹层、缓冲层、防爆层沿迎爆面依次粘接，防弹层位于最外侧形成防爆防弹充气装甲模块，所述缓冲层采用软质聚氨酯泡沫材料；
步骤4，各防爆防弹充气装甲模块通过粘接部连接形成防爆防弹充气装甲。
6.如权利要求5所述的快装式防爆防弹充气装甲制备方法，其特征在于，采用环氧胶粘接。
7.如权利要求5或6所述的快装式防爆防弹充气装甲制备方法，其特征在于，所述粘接部采用魔术贴。
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