CN115350575A - Method for eliminating industrial flue gas atmospheric pollutants and capturing, converting and utilizing carbon dioxide - Google Patents
Method for eliminating industrial flue gas atmospheric pollutants and capturing, converting and utilizing carbon dioxide Download PDFInfo
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- CN115350575A CN115350575A CN202210942463.4A CN202210942463A CN115350575A CN 115350575 A CN115350575 A CN 115350575A CN 202210942463 A CN202210942463 A CN 202210942463A CN 115350575 A CN115350575 A CN 115350575A
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- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/62—Carbon oxides
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- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1493—Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
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- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/346—Controlling the process
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
- B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/54—Nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/56—Nitrogen oxides
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/81—Solid phase processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C69/00—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
- B29C69/02—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore of moulding techniques only
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/10—Inorganic absorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
- B01D2252/204—Amines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
- B01D2252/204—Amines
- B01D2252/20436—Cyclic amines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
- B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/80—Water
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for eliminating industrial flue gas atmospheric pollutants and capturing, converting and utilizing carbon dioxide, S1) removing dust particles, nitric oxide and sulfur oxide in industrial flue gas; s2) for CO-containing 2 Pre-treating flue gasDirectly using or containing CO 2 Pre-treating flue gas for CO 2 Absorption and trapping; s3) for trapping and purifying CO 2 Compressing the gas, removing impurities, dehydrating, rectifying and purifying; s4) for the rectified and purified CO 2 Performing conversion, application and sequestration, including CO 2 Preparing carbon nanotubes as a raw material; by supercritical CO 2 Preparing nano slurry from the liquid and the nano cellulose, blending the nano slurry with material particles, extruding, and foaming to prepare a supercritical carbon dioxide nano cellulose foaming material; CO is introduced into 2 And injecting the compressed mixture into a geological structure or transporting the compressed mixture to the seabed for ocean sequestration. The invention realizes the near zero emission of industrial flue gas without particulate matters, sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides and CO 2 Near zero emission and creates brand new CO 2 Industry chain and CO 2 Economic and has great economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of industrial flue gas treatment and recycling, in particular to a method for eliminating industrial flue gas atmospheric pollutants and capturing, converting and utilizing carbon dioxide.
Background
Environmental protection and carbon dioxide emission reduction are two major concerns in the world today, and air pollution is a significant public health hazard.
The production and utilization of energy is by far the most important certified air pollutant emission source: 85% of the particulate matter and almost all sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides are derived from this, and these three pollutants contribute to the widest air pollution impact, either directly polluting the air or being converted to other pollutants by chemical reactions in the atmosphere.
Coal and oil have pushed the economic growth of many countries, but their use in power plants, industrial production facilities and vehicles has not been reduced, which is a major cause of air pollution. Of the global sulfur dioxide emissions produced by the burning of fuels, about 60% are from the burning of coal, which can cause respiratory diseases and acid rain; the nitrogen oxides produced by transportation fuels account for more than half of the global nitrogen oxide emissions, mainly diesel, which can cause respiratory problems, form other harmful particles and pollutants, including ozone, and many root causes and solutions to air pollution are closely related to the energy industry.
Since the industrial revolution, coal is used in industrial production of electricity generation, heat supply, steel, cement and the like in large quantities, but all utilize heat energy released in the coal combustion process. The traditional combustion purpose of coal is power generation and heat supply, and carbon dioxide, particulate matters, ash, sulfur dioxide and the like discharged in the process bring great influence on human living environment: dust is discharged into the atmosphere to cause atmospheric pollution and haze, sulfur dioxide is discharged into the atmosphere to cause acid rain, carbon dioxide is discharged into the atmosphere to cause greenhouse effect, global climate change is caused, and natural disasters such as extreme temperature, drought, forest fire, flood, storm and the like are frequent; the solid wastes such as ash and slag are accumulated in a large quantity to extrude the living space of human beings.
In the past, people only pay attention to the treatment of gas waste such as dust, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide and the like and ash and slag solid waste brought by coal combustion, a large amount of financial resources, material resources and manpower are input, remarkable social benefits are obtained, but the economic situation is that the input is large, the output is small or no, and huge economic burden is brought to enterprises by means of the continuous dilemma of national subsidy; and the objects of treating dust, ash and sulfur dioxide which have great economic investment and extremely small output for many years only account for 4.1 percent of the emission of coal combustion and 85.8 percent of CO emission 2 But is forgotten by people, which causes serious greenhouse benefit and climate change affecting the whole mankind and seriously threatens the health and survival of the mankind.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for eliminating industrial flue gas atmospheric pollutants and capturing, converting and utilizing carbon dioxide, so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a method for eliminating industrial flue gas atmospheric pollutants and capturing, converting and utilizing carbon dioxide comprises the following steps,
s1) removing dust particles, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in industrial flue gas to obtain pretreated flue gas;
s2) for CO-containing 2 The pretreated flue gas is directly utilized or contains CO 2 Pre-treating flue gas for CO 2 Absorption and capture, wherein the CO will be contained 2 The flue gas is directly used as a raw material without being collected and purified, is conveyed to a nearby precast concrete plant, is introduced with carbon dioxide during stirring to carry out hydration reaction and solidify the carbon dioxide, and replaces the common steam in a maintenance linkCuring, namely curing by adopting flue gas and carbon dioxide, wherein in the process, cement, rock powder containing carbonate, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide and fly ash are subjected to carbonization reaction by carbon dioxide to fix carbon;
s3) collecting and purifying CO 2 Compressing the gas, removing impurities, dehydrating, and then rectifying and purifying in a purifying tower;
s4) for rectified and purified CO 2 The conversion, application and sealing are carried out in a specific mode as follows:
CO 2 and (3) transformation: CO 2 2 As raw materials, adopting thermal-electrochemical synergistic reaction to electrolyze molten salt to prepare carbon nano tube, and absorbing CO by intermediate product 2 Regenerating molten electrolytic salt to form a renewable circulating system;
CO 2 the application comprises the following steps: by supercritical CO 2 Preparing nano slurry from the liquid and the nano cellulose, blending the nano slurry with material particles, extruding, and preparing the supercritical carbon dioxide nano cellulose foaming material through foaming;
CO 2 sealing and storing: CO is introduced into 2 And injecting the compressed mixture into a geological structure or transporting the compressed mixture to the seabed for ocean sequestration.
As a further optimization, in the step S1, dust particles, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in the industrial flue gas are removed by a dust removal unit of a combined integrated removal device, wherein the dust removal unit of the combined integrated removal device comprises a dry adsorption removal tower, a multistage dust remover and a persulfate absorption tower; dust particles, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in the industrial flue gas are removed by the dry adsorption removal tower and the multi-stage dust collector, and the concentration is 5mg/m 3 The PM removal rate reaches more than 90 percent, and the emission concentration of particulate matters is far lower than the emission standard of boiler atmospheric pollutants (GB 13271-2014); absorbing and converting nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides by the persulfate absorption tower, specifically adding a peroxymonosulfate aqueous solution with the pH value of 3-6 into a persulfate tank, reacting at the temperature of 80-130 ℃ to generate persulfate gas, introducing the persulfate gas into an oxidation reaction tank, introducing industrial flue gas containing sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides into the reaction tank, and removing the sulfur dioxide and the nitrogen oxides after reaction. The removal method has short reaction time,The purification effect is good, and no additional heat source is needed. For the flue gas which reaches the ultra-low emission standard, the concentration of the sulfur dioxide is 35mg/m 3 And the concentration of nitrogen oxides is 50mg/m 3 When the reaction time is 100s, the removal rate of the sulfur dioxide and the nitrogen oxide respectively reaches more than 97 percent and 98 percent, and the concentration of the sulfur dioxide and the concentration of the nitrogen oxide are both obtained after the removal<1mg/m 3 Concentration of particulate matter<1mg/m 3 The method is near zero emission.
As a further optimization, the captured dust particles are used to produce by-products, for example, for use in the production of building materials.
As a further optimization, the S2 is carried out by CO 2 A capture system for treating the pretreated flue gas, said CO 2 The system comprises an absorption desorption unit and a compression purification unit, wherein the absorption desorption unit passes through CO from top to bottom in a tower 2 CO absorption by composite absorbent countercurrent contact pretreatment flue gas 2 The compression and purification unit is used for capturing and purifying CO 2 The gas is compressed by a compressor, adsorbed by a purifier to remove impurities and then enters a dryer for deep dehydration, and after being cooled by a precooler, the gas is liquefied and decompressed and enters a purification tower for rectification and purification.
As a further optimization, CO 2 The composite absorbent comprises fumaric-based CO 2 Absorbent, sodium carbonate solution absorbent, and CO comprising chain amines and cyclic amines 2 Absorbent, CO of said chain and cyclic amines 2 The content of the absorbent is 5 to 35 percent. The CO is 2 The preparation reaction time of the composite absorbent is short, the preparation yield is high, and the CO is stronger 2 The absorbent has the advantages of absorption performance, absorption and desorption recycling, low regeneration energy consumption and high recycling efficiency, and can be applied to industries with high carbon dioxide emission, such as fuel power plants, cement plants, oil refineries, steel plants and the like.
As a further optimization, CO absorption in S2 2 The rich solution exchanges heat with the high-temperature regeneration lean solution through a lean and rich solution heat exchanger, and then enters a desorption tower to remove CO 2 The desorbed barren solution returns to the absorption tower to continuously absorb CO in the pretreated flue gas 2 (ii) a Is absorbed with CO 2 And the pretreated flue gas enters a solvent recovery system.
As a further optimization, CO in S3 2 The conversion comprises a carbon nano tube preparation unit and a product separation unit, wherein the carbon nano tube preparation unit adopts a thermal-electrochemical synergistic reaction to electrolyze molten salt to prepare the carbon nano tube, and then an intermediate product absorbs CO 2 Regenerating the molten electrolytic salt to form a renewable circulation system, introducing CO 2 And converted into carbon nanotubes. The electrolytic salt is a molten alkali metal carbonate having a large heat capacity, good heat transfer capability, and high temperature conductivity, such as Li 2 CO 3 、Na 2 CO 3 、 K 2 CO 3 、CaCO 3 Etc., and finally CO 2 Converting into carbon nanotubes; and the excellent electrical, mechanical and chemical properties of the carbon nano tube are utilized to develop downstream products of the carbon nano tube, such as a series of novel materials with excellent properties and development prospects, such as conductive slurry, conductive master batches, heat-conducting gaskets, heat-conducting silicone grease and the like.
As a further optimization, the product separation unit separates and purifies the product carbon nano tube on the electrode in the electrolytic furnace, the mixed electrolytic salt and metal ion impurities through a separation furnace, the separated carbonate is crushed and supplemented into a melting atmosphere furnace for cyclic application, and the carbon phase is washed, filtered, dried, weighed, vacuumized, sealed and bagged.
As a further optimization, CO 2 The transformation also includes: CO 2 2 As raw material, chemically converted with CO-reactant into ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, gasoline, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, and CO 2 (ii) a Bioconversion into microalgae and CO 2 Air fertilizer, bio-fertilizer or biofuel; and CO 2 High-value useful products of multi-production chain such as foamed PP, PU, PS, glass, ceramics and the like, and each ton of CO 2 The economic value of the concrete is more than 1 ten thousand yuan from zero, and liquid and gaseous CO is introduced in the production process of the concrete 2 Steel slag and waste rock, by hydration and carbonization with CaO, mgO, etc., CO 2 Solidifying to produce the super-strong concrete and reducing the consumption of cement; by biosynthetic processes, CO 2 With microorganisms, enzymes and microalgaeBioactive substances such as food, starch, feed, cosmetics, medicinal products, and fertilizer;
as a further optimization, the material particles comprise plastic particles, cement particles or glass particles.
Through deep analysis of the equilibrium equation of coal combustion, the current pollution treatment is found to be unbalanced in terms of mass conservation, namely, a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources are input for dust, sulfide, nitrogen oxide and other atmospheric pollutants, and CO is neglected radically 2 The emission of carbon dioxide, which accounts for the vast majority of the mass, is neglected, and the combustion of 1 ton of standard coal can generate 2.64 tons of CO 2 Most of the coal can directly enter the atmosphere to cause climate change, and about 24 kg of sulfide and about 7 kg of nitrogen oxide are discharged in the combustion process of each ton of standard coal. The quality of carbon dioxide produced by the combustion of coal is much less negligible than the quality of atmospheric pollutants. Therefore, the treatment of the smoke pollution is in the embarrassment of unbalance, particularly, the economic unbalance is caused, namely, a large amount of capital and technology are invested to treat the pollution, and the economic loss is realized except that good social benefits are generated, blue sky and white cloud exist. Now, considering the conservation of mass after equilibrium, for CO 2 An intensive study was carried out to find out the neglected CO 2 Not a burden, but a huge wealth of resources. Meanwhile, the method for capturing, converting and storing the industrial flue gas pollutants and the Carbon Dioxide (PCCCUS, pollution and Carbon Dioxide Capture, conversion, utilization and Storage) can also further remove the particulate matters, the sulfur oxides and the nitrogen oxides in the flue gas meeting the ultra-low emission standard, and realize the near zero emission of the industrial flue gas without the particulate matters, the sulfur oxides and the nitrogen oxides and the CO emission 2 Near zero emission.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention treats and utilizes the industrial flue gas by combining the integrated removing device dust removing unit, the carbon dioxide capturing system, the carbon dioxide conversion system and the supercritical carbon dioxide foaming material system, and simultaneously meets the requirements of capturing, converting and utilizing the flue gas pollutants and the flue gasThe carbon dioxide is captured, converted, treated and the like, so that the particulate matters, sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides in the smoke meeting the environment-friendly emission can be further removed, the near zero emission of the industrial smoke without the particulate matters, the sulfur oxides and the nitrogen oxides and the near zero emission of CO are realized 2 Near zero emission of CO, wherein 2 The conversion and utilization part can create new CO 2 Industry chain and CO 2 Economic and produces huge economic benefits.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for sequestration of industrial flue gas pollutants and carbon dioxide capture conversion applications in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a dust removal unit of the integrated removal device of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a CO of the present invention 2 A schematic of a capture system.
FIG. 4 is a CO of the present invention 2 Schematic representation of the conversion system.
FIG. 5 shows a CO according to the present invention 2 And (4) application system schematic diagram.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present invention provides a method for capturing, converting, utilizing and sealing off industrial flue gas pollutants and carbon dioxide, and simultaneously has the functions of capturing, converting, utilizing and sealing off the flue gas pollutants and capturing, converting and utilizing carbon dioxide in flue gas. As shown in figure 1, the invention provides a full-recycling system for capturing, converting and applying industrial (power plants, cement plants, steel plants and the like) flue gas, which comprises a combined integrated removing device dust removal unit, a carbon dioxide capturing system, a carbon dioxide converting system and a supercritical carbon dioxide foaming material system.
The industrial flue gas contains dust particle pollutants and SO x 、NO x And CO 2 The flue gas capturing, converting and applying method removes dust particles and gaseous oxides through a dust removal unit of a combined integrated removing device, and captures CO through a carbon dioxide capturing system 2 And partially pressurized to store as ultraAnd (3) critical carbon dioxide, namely preparing a carbon nano tube material by using the captured high-stability low-energy carbon dioxide as a carbon source through a conversion system, and extruding and molding the supercritical carbon dioxide and material particles into a supercritical carbon dioxide foaming material by using an application system.
As shown in fig. 2, the dust removal unit of the integrated removal device removes dust particles, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in flue gas through a dry adsorption removal tower and a multi-stage dust remover, and absorbs and converts the nitrogen oxides and the sulfur oxides by a persulfate absorption tower, wherein the dust particles are used in a carbon dioxide application unit to manufacture a filler of a foaming material; the nitrogen oxides and the sulfur oxides are collected in the forms of nitrates and sulfates by a persulfate absorption tower and are used for extracting and manufacturing the fertilizer.
Introducing flue gas into a flue gas source, and sequentially passing industrial flue gas through the following process steps: 1. the electric dust collector is matched with a bag-type dust collector and a biological carbon adsorption technology to remove about 90 percent of solid particles in the smoke dust; 2. the absorption tower absorbs and removes and converts sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides by utilizing the strong oxidizing property of gas-phase persulfate, and finally absorbs and converts the sulfur oxides and the nitrogen oxides into acid for recycling; the method has short reaction time and good purification effect, and utilizes the temperature of the flue gas without additionally providing a heat source. For a concentration of 35mg/m 3 Sulfur dioxide and a concentration of 50mg/m 3 The removal rate of the nitrogen oxide is respectively more than 97 percent and 98 percent when the reaction time is 100 s; 3. demisting treatment is carried out on the mechanical demister and the wet electric demister, and dust removal is carried out again; 4. the desulfurization wastewater treatment device is used for softening and concentrating wastewater which passes through the steam-water separator and contains chloride ions and various heavy metal components by the softening concentrator, transferring and spraying the softened concentrated water into denitrated high-temperature flue gas, evaporating again and removing dust crystals, thereby realizing zero emission operation of wet desulfurization wastewater.
The dust particles, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide after passing through the integrated dust removal unit reach the ultra-low emission standard, and the content of the smoke dust particles is 2.049mg/m 3 The removal rate reaches 94.8 percent, and the sulfur dioxide content is 19.287mg/m 3 The removal rate reaches 95.1 percent, and the content of nitrogen oxide is 26.628mg/m 3 The removal rate reaches 96.5 percent.
As shown in figure 3, the carbon dioxide capturing system is used for treating carbon dioxide in flue gas which is subjected to dust removal, desulfurization and denitration after passing through the combined decontamination and dust removal unit, the flue gas is derived from flue gas of a power plant, a cement plant and a steel plant, the carbon dioxide capturing system comprises an absorption and desorption unit and a compression and purification unit, and the absorption and desorption unit is used for absorbing CO in the flue gas by enabling carbon dioxide composite absorbent from top to bottom in a tower to be in countercurrent contact with the flue gas subjected to decontamination and dust removal 2 Is absorbed CO 2 The flue gas enters a solvent recovery system to absorb CO 2 The rich solution exchanges heat with the high-temperature regeneration lean solution through a lean and rich solution heat exchanger and then enters a desorption tower to remove CO 2 The desorbed barren solution returns to the absorption tower to continuously absorb CO in the flue gas 2 The compression purification unit is used for collecting and purifying CO 2 The gas is compressed by a compressor, the purifier adsorbs and removes impurities and then enters a dryer for deep dehydration, the gas is cooled by a precooler, liquefied and decompressed, and enters a purification tower for rectification and purification, and finally, a finished product is stored and used in the next system.
The process steps of enabling the flue gas subjected to dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification to enter a carbon dioxide capture system are as follows: 1. flue gas pretreatment: boiler flue gas received by the capture unit is pressurized by a flue gas induced draft fan and then enters a flue gas cooler for cooling SO as to prevent water brought by high-temperature saturated flue gas from causing concentration change of a capture unit solvent and further causing change of absorption capacity, and the cooled boiler flue gas firstly enters the bottom of an alkaline washing tower and is in countercurrent contact with circulating alkali liquor in the alkaline washing tower SO as to remove SO brought by the flue gas 2 The discharge amount of dust after pretreatment is 0.107mg/m 3 ；SO 2 The discharge amount is 0.945mg/m 3 ， NO X The discharge amount is 0.932mg/m 3 Dust, SO before entering the capture system respectively 2 、 NO X The content is reduced by 46.9 times, 37 times and 53.6 times; CO 2.CO 2 Absorption: the flue gas after alkaline washing sequentially enters the lower parts of the lower absorption tower and the upper absorption tower, and the flue gas in the towers is in countercurrent contact with an absorbent from top to bottom so as to absorb CO in the flue gas 2 The absorbed flue gas enters a solvent recovery system to absorb CO 2 The rich solution enters a solvent for desorptionSystem CO removal 2 (ii) a 3. And (3) solvent desorption: absorption of CO 2 The rich solution after heat exchange with the high-temperature regeneration lean solution through a lean rich solution heat exchanger enters a desorption tower for desorption, and gas CO with high purity is obtained from the top of the tower 2 The desorbed high-temperature barren solution flows out of the tower kettle, is cooled by a barren solution cooler after heat is recovered by a barren solution heat exchanger, and returns to the top of the absorption tower to absorb CO in the flue gas 2 (ii) a 4. A solvent recovery unit: the flue gas discharged from the top of the upper absorption tower is washed by a first-stage washing tower and a second-stage washing tower for two-stage washing to recover the solvent and then is emptied from the top of the second-stage washing tower; 5. a hydrothermal recovery unit: the double-pipe double-path water heat recovery can be used for recovering and treating condensed water, high-temperature heat or waste heat and waste water and waste residues; the recovered water is stored in the water pitcher for subsequent use, and the heat is used for electricity generation or system heat supply, and double-barrelled double-circuit hydrothermal recovery unit adopts heat or waste heat in the two heat pipe technique recovery flue gas, adopts the gaseous state water in the two refrigerant technique recovery flue gas, and waste heat recovery and water recovery integrated design, hydrothermal recovery efficiency is high, and the later process of being convenient for carries out the comprehensive utilization to water and heat.
The carbon dioxide composite absorbent adopted by the capture system comprises: fumaric acid radical CO 2 Absorbent, sodium carbonate solution absorbent, and CO containing chain amine and cyclic amine 2 The absorbent, chain amine and cyclic amine are used as main absorption components and activation components, and the content is 5% -35%. The composite absorbent has the advantages of short preparation reaction time, high preparation yield, strong carbon dioxide adsorption performance, absorption and desorption cyclic utilization of the absorbent, low regeneration energy consumption and high cycle efficiency.
As shown in FIG. 4, the carbon dioxide conversion system comprises a carbon nanotube preparation unit and a product separation unit, wherein the carbon nanotube preparation unit adopts a thermal-electrochemical synergistic reaction to electrolyze molten salt to prepare carbon nanotubes, and then CO is absorbed by an intermediate product 2 Regenerating the molten electrolytic salt to form a renewable circulation system, and finally reacting CO 2 The product separation unit separates the product carbon nanotubes on the electrodes in the electrolytic furnace from a small amount of mixed impurities such as electrolytic salt, metal ions and the likeFurnace separation and purification, crushing the separated carbonate, and feeding the crushed carbonate into a melting atmosphere furnace for recycling; and the excellent electrical, mechanical and chemical properties of the carbon nano tube are utilized to continuously develop downstream products of the carbon nano tube, such as a series of novel materials with excellent properties and development prospects, such as conductive slurry, conductive master batches, heat-conducting gaskets, heat-conducting silicone grease and the like.
The process of the carbon dioxide conversion system comprises the following steps: 1. a carbon nanotube preparation unit: comprises a carbon dioxide gasifier, a melting atmosphere furnace, a carbon nano tube electrolytic furnace and a material taking device, wherein carbon dioxide is introduced into the carbon nano tube electrolytic furnace through the carbon dioxide gasifier, and alkali carbonate Li is added into the melting furnace according to a certain proportion 2 CO 3 、Na 2 CO 3 、K 2 CO 3 、CaCO 3 Heating to a molten state, transferring the molten electrolytic salt to a carbon nano tube electrolytic furnace connected with a molten atmosphere furnace, wherein the carbon nano tube electrolytic furnace adopts a two-electrode system, the cathode adopts Fe, cu, stainless steel and the like, and taking down the reaction product on the electrode to the next unit by a material taking device after carbonate is completely electrolyzed; 2. a product separation unit: the method comprises a crushing device, a separating device and a purifying device, wherein the products after electrolysis are crushed to 80 meshes and sieved by the crushing device, the products, namely carbon nanotubes and a small amount of mixed impurities such as electrolytic salt and metal ions are separated and purified by a separating furnace through physical separation, the separated carbonate is crushed and then continuously fed into a melting atmosphere furnace for recycling, and carbon phases are washed, filtered, dried, weighed, vacuumized, sealed and bagged.
The carbon dioxide application system is shown in fig. 5 and comprises a supercritical nano-cellulose preparation unit and a supercritical carbon dioxide foaming material unit; the supercritical nano-cellulose preparation unit comprises cellulose and a pulping device; the cellulose comprises any one or more of wood fiber, carbon fiber, silicon fiber, metal fiber and graphene fiber, and the specific disclosure is disclosed in patent CN 107983089B.
The process of the carbon dioxide application system comprises the following steps: the supercritical carbon dioxide nano-cellulose foaming material unit comprises an auxiliary device, a blending device, an injection device, a double-screw extruder, a foaming device and a foaming agentThe foam material is prepared by adjusting the content ratio of the supercritical carbon dioxide to the nanocellulose in the nano slurry through a blending device so as to keep the content of the nanocellulose in the foam material and increase the performance of the foam material; the blending device is communicated with the nano-slurry storage tank, and the nano-slurry storage tank is used for storing and supplying blended nano-slurry; injecting the supercritical liquid material into a double-screw extruder through a nano-cellulose injection device under high pressure, synchronously feeding material particles into the double-screw extruder together, melting and mixing the material particles with the supercritical liquid material, performing extrusion molding through a die to obtain an extruded product, and foaming the extruded product through a foaming process to obtain a foamed material product; an auxiliary device supplied with required supercritical carbon dioxide liquid from the supercritical carbon dioxide tank and provided with CO 2 Potentiostat, high-pressure pump, CO 2 The constant temperature device and the mass flow meter are used for quantitatively metering and feeding the supercritical carbon dioxide.
Specifically, the following is a coal power plant for eliminating flue gas atmospheric pollutants and capturing, converting and utilizing the basic data of carbon dioxide,
the comparison of several conditions for eliminating industrial flue gas atmospheric pollutants and capturing, converting and utilizing carbon dioxide is as follows:
1. if the CNTs are 35 ten thousand yuan/ton, only 0.1% of CO needs to be trapped 2 (3960 tons of CO 2 ) 100% of the captured carbon dioxide is converted into CNTs, 1080 tons of CNTs are converted, double capture and conversion are basically economically balanced, and the profit is 0.40 yen. The conversion energy consumption is 0.2 hundred million degrees of electricity, and accounts for 1.1 percent of the power generation of the power plant.
2. Capture 0.15% CO 2 (5940 tons CO) 2 ) 100% of the trapped carbon dioxide was converted to CNTs, 1620 tons of CNTs were converted, and then 32400 tons of CNT conductive agent was produced, double trapped, converted to CNTs, and CNT conductive agent was producedAnd the profit is 600 ten thousand yuan. The conversion energy consumption is 0.81 hundred million degrees of electricity, and accounts for 1.6 percent of the power generation of the power plant.
3. Capture of 1% CO 2 (39600 tons of CO 2 ) 50% of the captured carbon dioxide is converted to CNTs, 5400 tons of CNTs are converted, and then 108000 tons of CNT conductive agent are produced, double captured, converted to CNTs, with a profit of 11.9 yen, or CNT conductive agent production is continued, with a profit of 5.94 yen. The conversion energy consumption is 2.7 hundred million degrees of electricity, and accounts for 5.4 percent of the power generation of the power plant.
4. Capture of 5% CO 2 (198000 tons of CO) 2 ) 50% of the captured carbon dioxide is converted to CNTs, 27000 tons of CNTs are converted, and then 540000 tons of CNT conductive agent is produced, double capture, conversion to CNTs, with a profit of 12.7 yen, or CNT conductive agent production is continued with a profit of 39.7 yen. The conversion energy consumption is 13.5 hundred million degrees of electricity, and accounts for 27 percent of the power generation of the power plant. Assuming a CNT price of 14 ten thousand yuan/ton.
5. Capture of 10% CO 2 (396000 ton of CO 2 ) 25% of the captured carbon dioxide is converted to CNTs, 27000 tons of CNTs are converted, and then 540000 tons of CNT conductive agent is produced, double capture, conversion to CNTs, with a profit of 11.7 yen, or CNT conductive agent production is continued with a profit of 39.7 yen. The conversion energy consumption is 13.5 hundred million degrees of electricity, and accounts for 27 percent of the power generation of the power plant. CNT prices are assumed to be 14 ten thousand yuan/ton.
6. At the same power generation capacity, capture 40% of CO 2 (1580000 ton CO 2 ) The carbon dioxide emission of a coal power plant is equivalent to that of a natural gas power plant, and no atmospheric pollutant is emitted. 5.8% of the captured carbon dioxide was converted to CNTs, 25000 tons of CNTs were converted, then 500000 tons of CNT conductive agent was produced, double captured, converted to CNTs, a profit of 4.58 yen, or continued production of CNT conductive agent, a profit of 29.6 yen. The conversion energy consumption is 12.5 hundred million degrees of electricity, and accounts for 25 percent of the power generation of the power plant.
7. Capture of 100% of CO 2 (3960000 ton of CO 2 ) 2.5% of the trapped carbon dioxide is converted into CNT, 27000 tons of CNT are converted, and then 540000 tons of CNT conductive agent are produced, and the profit is 0.65-50.6 million yuan through double trapping and conversion, or 20.9 million yuan is produced through continuous production of the CNT conductive agent. The conversion energy consumption is 13.5 hundred million degrees of electricity, and accounts for 27 percent of the power generation of the power plant. The cost of the CNT is reduced by 31 percent
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for eliminating the industrial flue gas atmospheric pollutants and capturing, converting and utilizing the carbon dioxide is characterized by comprising the following steps,
s1) removing dust particles, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in industrial flue gas to obtain pretreated flue gas;
s2) for CO-containing 2 The pretreated flue gas is directly utilized or contains CO 2 Pre-treating flue gas for CO 2 Absorption and trapping;
s3) collecting and purifying CO 2 Compressing the gas, removing impurities, dehydrating, and then rectifying and purifying in a purifying tower;
s4) for rectified and purified CO 2 The transformation, application and sealing are carried out in a specific mode that:
CO 2 and (3) transformation: CO 2 2 As raw materials, adopting thermal-electrochemical synergistic reaction to electrolyze molten salt to prepare carbon nano tube, and absorbing CO by intermediate product 2 Regenerating molten electrolytic salt to form a renewable circulating system;
CO 2 the application comprises the following steps: by supercritical CO 2 Preparing nano slurry from the liquid and the nano cellulose, blending the nano slurry with material particles, extruding, and foaming to prepare a supercritical carbon dioxide nano cellulose foaming material;
CO 2 sealing and storing: CO is introduced into 2 And injecting the compressed mixture into a geological structure or transporting the compressed mixture to the seabed for ocean sealing and storage.
2. The method for eliminating the atmospheric pollutants in the industrial flue gas and capturing, converting and utilizing the carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein in S1, the dust particles, the nitrogen oxides and the sulfur oxides in the industrial flue gas are removed by a combined integrated removing device dust removing unit, wherein the combined integrated removing device dust removing unit comprises a dry adsorption removing tower, a multi-stage dust remover and a persulfate absorption tower; dust particles, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in the industrial flue gas are removed through the dry adsorption removal tower and the multi-stage dust collector, and the nitrogen oxides and the sulfur oxides are absorbed and converted through the persulfate absorption tower.
3. The method for eliminating industrial flue gas atmospheric pollutants and capturing, converting and utilizing carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 2, wherein the captured dust particles are used for producing byproducts.
4. The method for eliminating industrial flue gas atmospheric pollutants and capturing, converting and utilizing carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the CO is used for removing the industrial flue gas atmospheric pollutants in S2 2 The capture system processes the pre-treated flue gas, the CO 2 The system comprises an absorption desorption unit and a compression purification unit, wherein the absorption desorption unit passes through CO from top to bottom in a tower 2 CO absorption by composite absorbent countercurrent contact pretreatment flue gas 2 The compression and purification unit is used for capturing and purifying CO 2 The gas is compressed by a compressor, the purifier absorbs impurities and then deeply dehydrates in the drier, and the gas is liquefied and decompressed after being cooled by the precooler and then enters the purifying tower for rectification and purification.
5. The method for eliminating industrial flue gas atmospheric pollutants and capturing, converting and utilizing carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 4, wherein CO is obtained by the method 2 The composite absorbent comprises fumaric acid-based CO 2 Absorbent, sodium carbonate solution absorbent, and CO comprising chain amines and cyclic amines 2 Absorbent, CO of said chain and cyclic amines 2 The content of the absorbent is 5 to 35 percent.
6. The abatement tool of claim 1 or 4The method for capturing, converting and utilizing the carbon dioxide of industrial flue gas atmospheric pollutants is characterized in that CO is absorbed in S2 2 The rich solution exchanges heat with the high-temperature regeneration lean solution through a lean and rich solution heat exchanger, and then enters a desorption tower to remove CO 2 The desorbed barren solution returns to the absorption tower to continuously absorb CO in the pretreated flue gas 2 (ii) a Is absorbed with CO 2 And the pretreated flue gas enters a solvent recovery system.
7. The method for eliminating industrial flue gas atmospheric pollutants and capturing, converting and utilizing carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein CO in S3 2 The conversion comprises a carbon nano tube preparation unit and a product separation unit, wherein the carbon nano tube preparation unit adopts a thermal-electrochemical synergistic reaction to electrolyze molten salt to prepare the carbon nano tube, and then an intermediate product absorbs CO 2 Regenerating the molten electrolytic salt to form a renewable circulation system, introducing CO 2 And converted into carbon nanotubes.
8. The method for eliminating atmospheric pollutants from industrial flue gas and capturing, converting and utilizing carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 7, wherein the product separation unit separates and purifies the product carbon nanotubes on the electrodes in the electrolytic furnace and the mixed electrolytic salt and metal ion impurities through a separation furnace, the separated carbonate is crushed and then fed into a melting atmosphere furnace for recycling, and the carbon phase is washed, filtered, dried, weighed, vacuumized, sealed and bagged.
9. The method for eliminating industrial flue gas atmospheric pollutants and capturing, converting and utilizing carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein CO is 2 The transformation further comprises: CO 2 2 As raw material, chemically converted with CO-reactant into ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, ethylene glycol, methanol, ethanol, gasoline, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, polycarbonate, polyurethane or CO 2 Mineralizing the super-strong concrete; bioconversion into microalgae and CO 2 Air fertilizer, bio-fertilizer or biofuel.
10. The method for eliminating industrial flue gas atmospheric pollutants and capturing conversion utilization carbon dioxide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the material particles comprise plastic particles, cement particles or glass particles.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116764381A (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-09-19 | 临涣焦化股份有限公司 | CO trapping device for coke oven flue gas 2 Apparatus and method of (a) |
| CN117531368A (en) * | 2024-01-09 | 2024-02-09 | 中太能源科技(上海)有限公司 | Carbon trapping system and method |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116764381A (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2023-09-19 | 临涣焦化股份有限公司 | CO trapping device for coke oven flue gas 2 Apparatus and method of (a) |
| CN116764381B (en) * | 2023-06-14 | 2024-01-23 | 临涣焦化股份有限公司 | CO trapping device for coke oven flue gas 2 Apparatus and method of (a) |
| CN117531368A (en) * | 2024-01-09 | 2024-02-09 | 中太能源科技(上海)有限公司 | Carbon trapping system and method |
| CN117531368B (en) * | 2024-01-09 | 2024-03-22 | 中太能源科技(上海)有限公司 | Carbon trapping system and method |
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