CN115349230A - Optical carrier distribution system - Google Patents

Optical carrier distribution system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115349230A
CN115349230A CN202180028970.0A CN202180028970A CN115349230A CN 115349230 A CN115349230 A CN 115349230A CN 202180028970 A CN202180028970 A CN 202180028970A CN 115349230 A CN115349230 A CN 115349230A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
optical
base station
signal
laser
laser source
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Pending
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CN202180028970.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
斯蒂芬·克鲁泽
J·C·沙耶特
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Volkswagen AG
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Universitaet Paderborn
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Publication of CN115349230A publication Critical patent/CN115349230A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2575—Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier
    • H04B10/25752—Optical arrangements for wireless networks
    • H04B10/25753—Distribution optical network, e.g. between a base station and a plurality of remote units
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/003—Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/03—Details of HF subsystems specially adapted therefor, e.g. common to transmitter and receiver
    • G01S7/032—Constructional details for solid-state radar subsystems

Abstract

The invention relates to an optical carrier distribution system having a return channel without a local oscillator, the system further having a base station with a laser source (LD), wherein the light of the laser source (LD) is distributed to one or more remote front-end devices, the front-end devices further having an output device which controls the output of a transmission signal from the laser received from the laser source (LD), the system further having a receiving device which receives a reflected transmission signal, wherein part of the laser received from the laser source (LD) is supplied to an optical IQ generator for generating a phase-shifted signal, wherein the received reflected signal is mixed with the signal of the IQ generator and fed back to an evaluation device in the base station.

Description

Optical carrier distribution system
Technical Field
The present invention relates to an optical carrier distribution system.
Background
In many technical fields, signals are received by a front end and transmitted to a base station over a connection.
Taking a wireless section antenna as an example, some of the problems discussed below, at least some of which may also exist in other systems such as communications technology, and the present invention may also provide an advantageous solution for this.
From a series of publications, such as "demonstration of microwave photonic synthetic aperture radar based on photonic assisted signal generation and stretching process" published by Li et al in opt Express 25, 14334-14340 (2017), "coherent radar system based on full photonics" published by Ghelfi et al in nature, volume 507, EP 341, 2014 3, "coherent radar system based on full photonics" published by Preusler et al in germany microwave conference (GeMiC), sturgette, germany, 2019, pages 154-157, "optical signal generation and distribution by autonomous large aperture radar in large driving", and "broadband photonic based radar for high resolution and real time inverse synthetic aperture imaging" published by Zhang et al in opt Express 25, 16274-16281 (2017), wireless systems with phased array antennas on wireless HF transmit and HF receive circuits are known, which are in part synchronised with the optical carrier generated in the base station. Signal processing of the received data is also performed in this base station. The analog signal path from the HF receiver to the base station is realized by glass fibers.
US patent US 9,823,540 B2 discloses a system for optical transmission of IQ signals using a separate laser diode for each IQ path.
A disadvantage of this system is that each HF receiver requires a laser to generate the IQ signal. Furthermore, IQ generation is achieved by a DSP and a phase shifter. Since the DSP processes digital signals while the phase shifter requires analog signals, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) are also required. Thus, the entire system requires N +1 laser diodes, where N is the number of HF receivers.
From the above-mentioned publication "coherent radar system on all-photonic basis", it is known that such a system with an optical carrier uses a coaxial line as a path from the HF receiver to the base station.
A disadvantage of such a system is that the coaxial cable is heavy and comprises relatively expensive materials. In addition, coaxial cables also have high attenuation characteristics and are also susceptible to electromagnetic interference. Coaxial cables are also expensive to manufacture and route. Furthermore, rapid degradation due to environmental influences is a major problem for signal transmission.
From the aforementioned document "demonstration of microwave photonic synthetic aperture radar based on photonic assisted signal generation and stretching" systems with optical carriers are known which transmit data using an optical return channel for the path from the HF receiver to the base station. To implement the optical carrier for the return channel, a second laser is used. In order to have both transmit and receive signals in the base station, the laser signal is split into two paths, wherein the two paths are polarized at 90 ° to each other. Coherent detection is then performed in the base station based on the polarization of the laser light. Thus, the entire system requires N +1 laser diodes, where N is the number of HF receivers.
A disadvantage of this system is that it requires an additional Local Oscillator (LO) laser per HF receiver. Since these LO lasers cannot be monolithically integrated into a chip, the cost of the overall system increases. Furthermore, the solution with multiple lasers is power consuming. In addition, the methods of coherent detection by polarization mentioned in the literature are not suitable for integration in, for example, silicon photonic circuits, since only TE polarized light can propagate in silicon-based photonic circuits.
From the aforementioned document "wide-band photonics-based radar for high resolution and real-time inverse synthetic aperture imaging" systems with optical carriers are known which transmit data using an optical return channel for the path from the HF receiver to the base station.
A disadvantage of such a system is that an optical bandpass is required in the return channel from the HF receiver to the base station. This solution is very expensive for discrete systems, since each path requires a separate bandpass. Further, in order to obtain the IQ signal, it is necessary to recover the carrier from the phase-modulated signal by complicated processing, and the amount of calculation is large, and thus a large amount of power is consumed. In addition, a fast analog-to-digital converter is required, which is also extremely expensive. However, it must also be taken into account that fast phase shifters and their drivers or wavelength control must be available, since the signal must be sent back to the base station in the HF range. Thus, the frequency band in which the wireless system can operate is limited by the upward velocity of the phase shifter. If the wavelength of the laser is changed, a large amount of energy is also required because the change in wavelength is achieved by heating the laser.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to an optical carrier distribution system that avoids one or more of the problems of the prior art, and in particular provides a cost-effective solution.
This object is achieved in accordance with the optical carrier distribution system of one of the independent claims. Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are given in the dependent claims, the description and the drawings.
Drawings
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a block diagram of an optical carrier allocation (wireless) system (for a phased array antenna) with an IQ return channel without a local oscillator according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 shows a block diagram of an optical carrier allocation (wireless) system having an IQ-return channel without a local oscillator according to another embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 shows a first embodiment of an optical IQ generator with an optical directional coupler and a phase shifter for fine tuning according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 4 shows a second embodiment of an optical IQ generator with a 1x2 MMI and a phase shifter according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is noted here that different aspects are described herein, which can be applied separately or in combination. That is, each aspect may be applied with different embodiments of the invention, unless expressly indicated as a pure alternative.
Furthermore, for simplicity, only one entity is generally referred to below. However, the invention may also have several related entities, unless explicitly indicated otherwise. In this regard, use of the terms "a" and "an" should be understood only as an indication that at least one entity is used in a simple embodiment.
With respect to the methods described below, the various steps of the methods can be arranged and/or combined in any order, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Furthermore, these methods may be combined with each other, unless explicitly stated otherwise.
Descriptions with numerical values are generally not to be understood as precise values, and also include tolerances of +/-1% to +/-10%.
Reference to a standard or specification should be understood as a reference to a standard or specification that is valid at the time of filing and/or (if priority is required) valid at the time of priority filing. However, this should not be construed as a general exclusion of applicability to subsequent or alternative standards or specifications.
Fig. 1 shows an optical carrier distribution (wireless) system 1 (for a phased array antenna) with a return channel without a local oscillator.
The (wireless) system has a base station with a laser source LD. The light of the laser source LD may be transmitted and distributed to one or more remote front-end devices FE 1 ...FE N . The laser source LD may be a suitable laser, such as a semiconductor laser diode, which provides light at, for example, about 1310 nm or 1550 nm.
For example, front end FE 1 …FE N Each having at least one output device ANT TX Which outputs a transmission signal controlled by the laser light received from the laser light source LD. The transmission signal can be amplified and transmitted by a power amplifier PAAnd (4) shooting. Emitter ANT TX For example, may be a transmit antenna.
Without limiting the generality, the transmit signal may be modulated, e.g., using IQ data. Without limiting generality, the transmitted signal comprises an up-converted received signal.
Without limiting the generality, the light E from the laser source LD LD Can be modulated E in the base station BS MZ Back-delivery to remote front-end device(s) (FE) 1 ... N ）。
Furthermore, the front-end FE 1 ...FE N Each also has at least one receiving device ANT RX The receiving device receives the reflected signal of the signal transmitted by the transmitting antenna. For example, ANT RX May be a receive antenna.
By suitable design and wiring, it can also be provided that a single antenna is used alternately as a transmitting antenna and as a receiving antenna. That is, in the first time point/period, the antenna is used as the transmitting antenna ANT TX And in a second point/period of time the antenna is used as a receiving antenna ANT RX . Alternatively, an embodiment is also possible in which a single antenna can be used both as a transmitting antenna and for a receiving antenna, for example in the case of a circulator.
At front end FE 1 ...FE N A portion of the laser light received from the laser source LD is provided to an optical IQ generator OIQ to generate a phase shifted signal.
The reflected signal received by the receiving antenna is processed in the front end device FE 1 ...FE N Is mixed with the phase shifted signal of the optical IQ generator OIQ and the mixed signal is fed back to the evaluation means in the base station BS. The received reflected signal may be amplified by a low noise amplifier LNA.
At this time, it should be noted that the front end FE 1 ...FE N May be an integrated device in which the output device is integrated with the receiving device as shown. However, alternatively, the front-end FE may be a front-end FE in which the output device is separate from the receiving device 1 ...FE N So thatFor example, one sub-device has a sending device component and the other sub-device has a receiving device component.
This means that, unlike before, a large number of front-end devices FE are now present 1 ...FE N Only one laser source LD is needed, which can also be used for the return channel. In addition to the resulting lower hardware complexity, there are also lower operating costs and other advantages as described below.
The architecture presented in fig. 1 or 2 transfers IQ data from a (e.g. wireless) front-end FE 1 ...FE N Optically back to the base station BS without the LO laser itself. For this purpose, the laser signal is distributed again using an optical carrier. For this purpose, at reference 5 in the base station BS, the optical carriers are at different front-end means FE 1 ...FE N Are divided between them. At each front-end FE 1 ...FE N In the middle, the optical signal is split into two paths, one path to the transmission channel with the photodiode, and the other path 3 to the return channel.
In the return channel, the multiplexed carrier signal may be converted into an IQ signal E in an optical IQ generator OIQ I And E Q IQ signal E I And E Q And electrical signals V corresponding to them I And V Q The multiplication, for example in a mach-zehnder interferometer (abbreviated MZI), then feeds back the signal to the base station via the mixing channel 4, for example via an optical fibre.
Furthermore, the system can also be implemented in silicon photonic circuits, since, in addition to mixed polarization light, the system can also use pure TE polarization light. Furthermore, no fast analog-to-digital converter or digital-to-analog converter is required, since the optical signal to be detected is only within the bandwidth of the electrical LO signal.
This embodiment is applicable to, for example, a radar system.
In another embodiment of the invention that is advantageous for communication technology, the optical carrier distribution (wireless) system 1 has a return channel without a local oscillator, for example according to the illustration in fig. 2.
The system has a base station BS with a laser light source LD, wherein the light of the laser light source LD is distributed in a transmission mannerTo remote front-end device or devices FE 1 ...FE N Front end device FE 1 ...FE N Also having receiving means ANT for receiving signals RX Wherein part of the laser light from the laser source LD is supplied to an optical IQ generator OIQ to generate a phase-shifted signal, wherein a receiving means ANT RX Is fed back to the evaluation means in the base station BS mixed with the phase shifted signal of the IQ generator OIQ.
At this point, it is again noted that the front-end FE 1 ...FE N May be an integrated device in which the output device is integrated with the receiving device as shown. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to output a front-end facility FE with a separate facility from the receiving facility 1 ...FE N For example, such that one sub-device has an output device branching element and another sub-device has a receiving device branching element.
In a modified embodiment, the light of the laser source LD is transmitted to the remote front-end FE via glass fibers, i.e. optical fibers or a free-space connection 1 ...FE N . Alternatively or additionally, it is also possible to connect the signal from the front-end FE by means of glass fibers, i.e. optical fibers or free space (space) connections 1 ...FE N In the return direction to the base station BS.
In a further embodiment variant, part of the laser light from the laser light source LD is split in the base station BS and supplied to the evaluation device AE.
In a further development of this embodiment, the base station BS also has a phase shifter which splits the phase shift of the laser light of the laser source LD and supplies it to the evaluation device AE.
Part of the carrier light is derived at 1 in the base station BS and used as signal E S The source signal of (1). The decomposition derivation may be before, after, or during the distribution of the different front-end device receive paths, such as at label 5.
Thus, FE is a device with any number of front-end devices 1 ...FE N Only one laser LD is required for the entire system. Coherent detection can then be performed in the base station BS.
The above example is a possible simple implementation since only the base station BS to front end FE need be compensated 1 ...FE N And the phase offset of the front-end device to the base station. In the photodiode PD and the transimpedance amplifier (TIA for short), the signal E O Electrical in-phase and quadrature-phase signals are regenerated.
Which has the advantage that it is possible to provide a connection from the base station BS to the corresponding front-end FE 1 ...FE N And the phase offset reverse to the base station BS must be compensated. Furthermore, there is no need to compensate for frequency offsets between different lasers. This also makes it possible to dispense with computationally intensive carrier recovery, for example by means of a DSP. Furthermore, expensive and complex laser wavelength control is not required. This means that the system according to the invention allows a cost-effective way of operating the front-end FE at the front-end FE 1 ...FE N And a base station BS.
The optical IQ generator may be adapted for analog or digital design. Two analogous variants are presented below, but are not limited to these.
In a further improved embodiment, the optical IQ generator OIQ has an optical directional coupler RK and a phase shifter PS. This embodiment is shown in the schematic diagram of fig. 3. Likewise, all components of the optical IQ generator OIQ may be integrated on one chip. Since the optical directional coupler already generates a phase difference of 90 °, the phase shifter only needs to compensate for the environmental effects in this type of optical IQ generator OIQ, and the expected control voltage is small.
In an alternative improved embodiment, the optical IQ generator OIQ has a multimode interferometer MMI and a phase shifter. This embodiment is shown in the schematic diagram of fig. 4. Likewise, all components of the optical IQ generator OIQ may be integrated on one chip. Since the 1x2 MMI does not generate a phase difference between the two outputs, in this type of optical IQ generator, the phase shifter must generate a phase difference of 90 °.
In a further improved embodiment, at least one front-end FE is remote 1 ...FE N Wherein part of the laser light received from the laser source LD is fed back to the evaluation means in the base stationThe front is changed by mixing and/or modulation, thereby enabling IQ modulation with or without data.
In another embodiment, the phase may be adjusted, e.g. by a phase shifter PS, preferably in the base station BS. However, it is also possible (alternatively or additionally) to influence the front-end FE 1 ...FE N And thus may have an effect on the return signal. In this case, for example for coherent reception, the necessary phase setting information will have to be distributed to the relevant front-end means FE by another signal from the base station BS 1 ...FE N I.e. the light from the laser source (LD) needs to be modulated and then distributed.
In a further embodiment of the invention, the light from the laser source LD for distribution to one or more remote front-end devices (fe1.. N) is amplified by an amplification device and then delivered for distribution, for example using a fiber amplifier.
The invention makes it possible to use a single laser LD to synchronize any number of front-end devices FE 1 ...FE N While implementing an optical IQ path from the receiver to the base station BS. Furthermore, coherent detection can be performed in the base station BS, whereby IQ signals can be regenerated from a single laser signal.
Without limiting the generality, the invention is also not limited to wireless systems. Instead, it can also be used in wired systems.

Claims (11)

1. An optical carrier distribution system (1), characterized in that it has a return channel without local oscillator and a Base Station (BS) with a laser source (LD), wherein the light of said laser source (LD) is transmitted distributed to one or more remote front-end devices (FE) 1 ... N ) Said front-end arrangement (FE) 1 ... N ) Having output means (ANT) TX ) And a receiving device (ANT) RX ) Said output means outputting a transmission signal controlled by the laser light received from said laser light source (LD), receiving means (ANT) RX ) Receiving a reflected signal of the transmitted signal, a part of the laser light source (LD) being supplied to the lightAn optical IQ generator (OIQ) generates a phase-shifted signal, the signal received by the receiving means is fed back mixed with the phase-shifted signal of the optical IQ generator (OIQ) to an evaluation means (AE) in the Base Station (BS).
2. An optical carrier distribution system (1), characterized in that it has a return channel without local oscillator and a Base Station (BS) with a laser source (LD), wherein the light of the laser source (LD) is transmission distributed to remote one or more front-end devices (FE 1.. N) having receiving means (ANT) RX ) For receiving a signal, a part of the laser light of the laser source (LD) is supplied to an optical IQ generator (OIQ) for generating a phase shifted signal, the signal received by the receiving means is mixed with the phase shifted signal of the optical IQ generator (OIQ) and fed back to an evaluation means in the base station.
3. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the light of the laser source (LD) is distributed to the front-end device by means of optical fiber or spatial transmission.
4. System according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said base station extracts a portion of said laser light source (LD) laser light to feed said evaluation means.
5. System according to claim 4, characterized in that the base station also has a phase shifter which provides to the evaluation means a phase shifted extraction of a part of the laser light of the laser source (LD).
6. The system according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said optical IQ generator comprises an optical directional coupler and a phase shifter.
7. The system according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the optical IQ generator has a multi-mode interferometer (MMI) and a phase shifter.
8. System according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that in at least one of the front-end devices a part of the laser light received from the laser source (LD) is changed by mixing and/or modulation before being fed back to the evaluation device in the base station.
9. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light of said laser source (LD) is distributed to one or more of said front-end devices (FE) by modulated re-transmission 1 ... N ）。
10. The system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the phase in the Base Station (BS) is adjustable.
11. System according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the light of said laser source (LD) is amplified by an amplifier and then delivered to be distributed to one or more of said front-end devices (FE) 1 ... N ）。
CN202180028970.0A 2020-03-04 2021-03-04 Optical carrier distribution system Pending CN115349230A (en)

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DE102020202771.4 2020-03-04
DE102020202771.4A DE102020202771A1 (en) 2020-03-04 2020-03-04 System with optical carrier distribution
PCT/EP2021/055418 WO2021175969A1 (en) 2020-03-04 2021-03-04 System with optical carrier distribution

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EP2782270A1 (en) 2013-03-20 2014-09-24 Xieon Networks S.à.r.l. Optical IQ modulator control
US9735886B2 (en) 2014-09-02 2017-08-15 Technion Research And Development Foundation Ltd. Self-coherent robust spectrally efficient optical transmission systems
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