CN115347616A - Damping mutual-aid control method for new energy grid-connected inverter - Google Patents
Damping mutual-aid control method for new energy grid-connected inverter Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
Abstract
The invention discloses a damping mutual-aid control method of a new energy grid-connected inverter, which is used for controlling the voltage of a common coupling pointu pcc Filtering out fundamental wave and main background harmonic by a wave trap to obtain harmonic voltage valueu pcch Sending the reference value to a virtual resistance link to output a harmonic current reference valuei h_ref An active damper branch is added in a control loop, the output impedance of the inverter is remolded, the damping characteristic is improved, the damping characteristic is not reduced under the rated power, the active damper function is realized by improving the switching frequency during light load, and the resonance between other inverters and a power grid is damped. The invention utilizes the complementary characteristics of different types of new energy power generation systems on the time scale, realizes damping mutual aid while performing energy complementation on different types of new energy, comprehensively inhibits the broadband oscillation phenomenon caused by new energy grid-connected power generation, and ensures that the system can maintain stable operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of grid-connected inverter control, in particular to a damping mutual-aid control method of a new energy grid-connected inverter.
Background
Due to the fact that new energy is intensively imported into a power grid, the risk of broadband oscillation is easily triggered. At present, an inverter impedance remodeling method is often adopted to inhibit the broadband oscillation phenomenon of a voltage source inverter-power grid coupling system, but the method cannot inhibit the high-frequency resonance phenomenon exceeding the Nyquist frequency of the inverter. For the problem of stability analysis of a grid-connected inverter system, a common method is an impedance analysis method, and on the basis of broadband oscillation mechanism analysis, a plurality of oscillation suppression measures are provided, which mainly include impedance modeling of the grid-connected inverter itself and external connection of a damping device at a Point of Common Coupling (PCC).
Aiming at the grid-connected inverter self-impedance modeling method, the negative damping area can be reduced by optimizing the grid-connected inverter control parameters and methods, the calculation delay can be reduced by modifying sampling methods such as instant sampling and the like, the robustness of the system is improved, aliasing and duty cycle loss of sampling signals can be caused, broadband resonance can be inhibited only in a certain frequency range by correcting output impedance, and the application range of adjusting the control methods and parameters is very limited.
The external damping device can be connected with the active damper in parallel at the PCC point, and the impedance correction can enable the grid-connected inverter to keep the resistance characteristic in a wider frequency range.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling damping mutual aid of a new energy grid-connected inverter, which aims to reduce the construction cost and utilize the complementary characteristics of the new energy power generation on the time scale to remodel the inverter into an active damper at an intermittent stage, so that the damping mutual aid is realized while various new energy energies are complementary, the broadband oscillation phenomenon caused by the new energy grid-connected power generation is comprehensively suppressed, and the system can maintain stable operation. The technical scheme is as follows:
a damping mutual-aid control method of a new energy grid-connected inverter comprises the following steps:
step 1: an active damper control branch is additionally arranged in a control link of the grid-connected inverter and comprises a wave trap and a virtual resistor link;
step 2: collecting grid-connected current of LCL type grid-connected inverteri 2 (t) Capacitance currenti C (t) And a common coupling point voltageu pcc (t) Voltage of point of common couplingu pcc (t) Generating a fundamental current reference value of a current loop by means of a phase-locked loopi 2ref (t) (ii) a The capacitance current to be collectedi C (t) Feeding back to the output of the current loop to damp the self resonance of the LCL type inverter;
and step 3: voltage of common coupling pointu pcc (t) Filtering out fundamental wave and main background harmonic wave by a wave trap to obtain harmonic voltage valueu pcch (t) (ii) a Harmonic voltage valueu pcch (t) Sending into a virtual resistance link to output a harmonic current reference valuei h_ref (t) (ii) a Reference harmonic currenti h_ref (t) As input for control;
and 4, step 4: according to the relation between the switching frequency and the power, the active damper mode and the rated working mode are switched, and the control structure does not need to be changed;
and 5: when a plurality of new energy inverters are connected in parallel, the grid-connected inverter with the active damper function operates in an active damper mode, so that the stability of the other grid-connected inverters working in a rated working mode is enhanced.
Further, in step 2, the fundamental current reference valuei 2ref (t) The time domain quantity is subjected to Laplace transform to obtain the frequency domain quantity thereofi 2ref (s) The calculation is as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,I m is the amplitude of the reference value of the fundamental current,u pcc (s) For collected voltage values of point of common couplingu pcc (t) In the representation in the frequency domain,G PLL (s) Is the transfer function of the phase-locked loop in the frequency domain.
Further, in step 3, the transfer function of the wave trap is:
the harmonic voltage values of the trap output are expressed in the frequency domain as:
the harmonic current reference value is represented in the frequency domain as:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
is the angular frequency of the fundamental wave,Qis a quality factor of the light emitted by the led,his the harmonic frequency corresponding to the characteristic frequency of the wave trap;G NA (s) Is the transfer function of the wave trap and,u pcch (s) Harmonic voltage values for the output of the trapu pcch (t) In the representation in the frequency domain,H i2 for the feedback factor of the grid-connected current,R v is a virtual resistance;i h ref_ (s) As harmonic current reference valuei h ref_ (t) A representation in the frequency domain;sis Laplace operator;u pcc (s) For collected voltage values of point of common couplingu pcc (t) Representation in the frequency domain.
Further, in step 4, the active damper mode is: when the power of the inverter is lower than a rated value of 10%, the switching frequency is set between 20 to 50kHz and is used as an active damper for damping the resonance between the power generation unit and a power grid;
the rated working modes are as follows: when the power of the inverter is larger than a rated value of 10%, the switching frequency is reduced to the rated switching frequency, and the grid-connected inverter works in a conventional power generation state.
Furthermore, in step 5, when one new energy inverter serves as the main power generation unit and another new energy inverter is in a low-power or no-load state, the switching frequency of the light-load grid-connected inverter is increased, and the light-load grid-connected inverter serves as an active damper to damp resonance between the grid-connected inverter serving as the main power generation unit and the power grid.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the virtual resistance branch is added in the control link to correct the output impedance of the inverter, so that under the working condition of rated switching frequency, the damping characteristic of the grid-connected inverter is improved, the switching frequency of the grid-connected inverter is improved under the working condition of light load, the function of an active damper is realized, the resonance between other inverters and a power grid is damped, the robustness of the system is improved, the cost of an external damping device is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows an LCL grid-connected inverter circuit and a control diagram.
Fig. 2 is a circuit topology and control diagram of an active damper.
Fig. 3 is a control block diagram of a grid-connected inverter having an active damper function.
Fig. 4 is a simplified control block diagram of an inverter employing the proposed control method.
Fig. 5 is a graph of output impedance Bode of the grid-connected inverter adopting different control methods.
Fig. 6 is an operation state diagram of the grid-connected inverter having the active damper function.
Fig. 7 is a topological diagram of a system with a plurality of grid-connected inverters.
Fig. 8 is a nyquist diagram of the grid-connected inverter under different control methods when the switching frequency is rated.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view ofL g =200μAnd H, nyquist diagrams of the grid-connected inverter under different control modes.
FIG. 10 is a drawing showingL g =50μAnd H, simulation waveforms of the grid-connected inverter under different control methods.
Fig. 11 is a simulation waveform of both grid-connected inverters in the rated operation mode.
Fig. 12 is a simulation waveform of switching the light-load inverter to the active damping mode.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
The invention discloses a damping mutual-aid control method of a new energy grid-connected inverter, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: collecting grid-connected current of LCL type grid-connected inverteri 2 (t) Capacitive currenti C (t) And common coupling point voltageu pcc (t) The common coupling point voltage generates a fundamental current reference value of a current loop through a phase-locked loopi 2ref (t) (ii) a The capacitance current to be collectedi C (t) And the feedback is carried out to the output of the current loop, and the self resonance of the LCL inverter is damped.
Obtained fundamental current reference time domain quantityi 2ref (t) Performing Laplace transform to obtain frequency domain quantityi 2ref (s) Comprises the following steps:
step 2: voltage of common coupling pointu pcc (t) Filtering out fundamental wave and third, fifth and seventh main background harmonics by a wave trap to obtain harmonic voltage valuesu pcch (t) Sending the harmonic current to a virtual resistance link to output a harmonic current reference valuei h_ref (t) The harmonic current reference value is used as the input of the control, and an active damper branch circuit is introduced.
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the angular frequency of the fundamental wave,Qis the quality factor of the image to be displayed,his the harmonic frequency corresponding to the characteristic frequency of the wave trap;G NA (s) Is the transfer function of the wave trap and,u pcch (s) Harmonic voltage value output by wave trapu pcch (t) In the representation in the frequency domain,H i2 for the feedback factor of the grid-connected current,R v is a virtual resistance;i h ref_ (s) As harmonic current reference valuei h ref_ (t) A representation in the frequency domain;sis the laplacian operator.
And step 3: the grid-connected inverter added with the active damper control branch circuit has two working modes, the working modes are switched according to the relation between the switching frequency and the power, and the control structure does not need to be changed.
The switching rule of the working mode of the inverter adopting the control method is as follows: when the power of the inverter is lower than a rated value of 10%, the switching frequency is set to be between 20 and 50kHz, and the switching frequency is used as an active damper to damp the resonance between the main power generation unit and a power grid, and is called as an active damper mode. On the contrary, when the power of the inverter is larger than the rated value of 10%, the switching frequency is reduced to the rated switching frequency, and the grid-connected inverter works in a conventional power generation state, which is called as a rated working mode.
And 4, step 4: when a plurality of new energy inverters are connected in parallel, the grid-connected inverter with the active damper function operates in the active damper mode, the stability of the rest grid-connected inverters working in the rated working mode can be effectively enhanced, the new energy consumption capability is improved, and the safety and stability of a new energy power system are enhanced.
When a certain type of new energy inverter serves as a main power generation unit, and another type of new energy inverter is in a low-power or no-load state, the switching frequency of the light-load grid-connected inverter is increased, and the light-load grid-connected inverter serves as an active damper to damp resonance between the grid-connected inverter serving as the main power generation unit and a power grid.
The structure of the LCL type grid-connected inverter system using digital control is shown in fig. 1. In the context of figure 1 of the drawings,L 1 andL 2 respectively an inverter side inductor and a grid side inductor,Cin order to be a filter capacitance, the filter capacitance,L g is the grid impedance.U dc Is the input voltage of the direct current side,u inv in order to output the voltage for the inverter,u g is the voltage of the power grid and is,u pcc is the voltage at the point of common coupling,i 1 、i 2 andi C are respectively asL 1 、L 2 And the current on the capacitor C, and,H i1 andH i2 feedback coefficients of the capacitor current and the grid-connected current, respectively, the PLL being a phase-locked loop, cosθDetecting the phase of the fundamental component of the PCC voltage for a phase locked loopθThe amount of the cosine of (c) is,I ref is the magnitude of the current reference and,i 2ref in order to be the reference value of the current,G i (s) For the transfer function of the shunt current regulator,v M is a modulated wave voltage.
According to the circuit topology and control structure of the active damper shown in figure 2,Q 1 ~Q 4 is a switch tube, and is characterized in that,L A in order to be the filter inductance,i A for the active damper port current to be,C dc is a capacitor on the direct current side,U dc andU dcref reference values for the capacitor voltage and the DC side voltage, cos, respectivelyθDetecting the phase of the fundamental component of the PCC voltage for a phase locked loopθThe amount of the cosine of (a),I 1_ref is the amplitude of the reference value of the fundamental current,i 1_ref andi h_ref respectively a fundamental current reference value and a harmonic current reference value,u pcc in order to be the PCC point voltage,G NA (s) As a function of the transfer function of the wave trap,u pcch is the harmonic voltage of the output of the wave trap,R v is a virtual resistance.
Firstly, a system mathematical model adopting the control method is established to obtain a grid-connected inverter control block diagram with the active damper function under the frequency domain shown in figure 3,u pcc (s) In order to be the PCC point voltage,u pcch (s) In order for the resonant voltage to be damped,i 2ref (s) Andi h_ref (s) A fundamental current reference value and a harmonic current reference value,G i (s) For the transfer function of the shunt current regulator,i C (s)、u C (s) Being the current and the voltage on the capacitor C,Z L1 (s)、Z L2 (s) AndZ C (s) Are respectively inductorsL 1 、L 2 The impedance corresponding to the capacitance C is,K PWM for modulating the wave to the inverter output voltageu inv (s) The transfer function of (a) is set,G d (s) To use the 1 beat calculation delay and the 0.5 beat modulation delay introduced by the digital control,T s is a sampling period, and has the expression ofG d (s)=e s Ts-1.5 . The simplified control block diagram of fig. 4 is further simplified.
In FIG. 4, transferFunction(s)G X1 (s) AndG X2 (s) Is represented by the following formulae (5) to (6):
wherein the content of the first and second substances,G 1 (s)=CH i1 K PWM G d (s)。
according to fig. 4, the loop gain of the systemT(s) And grid-connected currenti 2 (s) Comprises the following steps:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,i s (s) Is an equivalent ideal current source and is,Z o (s) As a result of the original output impedance,Z v (s) For the impedance corresponding to the virtual resistor, the expression is:
therefore, the impedance after the active damper control branch is added is:
the calculations of equations (5) to (12) are derived by modeling the impedance of the inverter using the proposed control method, and the expression of equation (12) is the port impedance used by the nyquist criterion for the stability analysis below.
Fig. 5 is a grid-connected inverter output impedance Bode diagram adopting different control methods, and based on an impedance analysis method, compared with the traditional control method, the phase corresponding to the cross-cut frequency of the corrected impedance and the grid impedance is smaller than-90 degrees, and the impedance characteristic is obviously improved.
The inverter with active damper control has two modes of operation, which are related to switching frequency and power, as shown in fig. 6.
In order to verify the effectiveness of the control method, stability analysis is performed on inverters adopting different control methods, two new energy grid-connected inverters shown in fig. 7 are connected in parallel as an example, fig. 8 is a nyquist diagram of the grid-connected inverters adopting different control methods at rated switching frequency, and the nyquist diagram shows the power grid impedanceL g Is 50μAnd during H, the system is unstable because the Nyquist curve of the equivalent loop gain of the inverter system adopting the traditional control method surrounds the point (-1, j0), and the system is stable because the Nyquist curve of the equivalent loop gain of the new energy inverter system adopting the control method does not surround the point (-1, j0). Therefore, the damping characteristic of the inverter in the rated operation mode is not degraded after the active damper control branch is added.
FIG. 9 is a Nyquist diagram of the grid-connected inverter of the proposed control method in different operating modes, when the grid impedance varies in a wide range in weak gridL g When the current is increased to 200uH, the new energy inverter systems in the two rated working modes lose stability, the switching frequency of the light-load inverter is increased, the rated working mode is switched to the active damper mode, the system is stable, and the damping characteristic of the inverter is further improved.
The following compares the results of the conventional control with the method proposed by the present invention by way of specific examples.
The main circuit parameters of the grid-connected inverter I and the grid-connected inverter II shown in FIG. 7 are the same, and specifically are as follows:U dc =380V，L 1 =1.2mH，L 2 =150μH，C=10μF，u g =220V (effective value), feedback coefficient of grid-connected currentH i2 =0.15, feedback coefficient of capacitance currentH i1 =0.1, current loop proportionality coefficient in rated working modek p =0.8, current loop resonance coefficientk r =600, current loop proportionality coefficient in active damper modek p =0.5, current loop resonance coefficientk r =200。
FIG. 10 is a graph of the output current waveform of the grid-connected inverter using different control methods, with the grid impedance set toL g =50μH, switching the control method adopted by the inverter from the traditional control method to the provided control method at 0.4s, wherein the system is unstable before 0.4s, the THD value is 33.27%, and switching to the provided control method after 0.4s stabilizes the grid-connected inverter system, the THD value is 1.55%, and the grid-connected inverter system adopting the provided control method has better stability.
FIG. 11 shows the current waveform of an inverter system using the proposed control method when the grid impedance varies, from 50μH is increased to 200μH, the system is unstable, and comparing fig. 9 and fig. 10, it can be obtained that the inverter damping characteristic using the proposed control method is stronger in weak grid.
FIG. 12 is a simulation waveform of switching a light-load inverter to an active damper mode, with the grid impedance increased to 200μAnd H, improving the switching frequency of the light-load inverter, stabilizing the system again, and keeping the simulation result consistent with the theoretical analysis.
Compared with the traditional control method of the inverter, the method of the invention ensures that the inverter adopting the traditional control method has the function of the active damper, and the control method does not need to modify the circuit structure in the switching of the working mode, thereby reducing the impact of the switching of the control method on the power grid, improving the stability of the system under the weak power grid, realizing the energy complementation of various new energy sources and realizing the damping mutual aid.
Claims (5)
1. A damping mutual-aid control method of a new energy grid-connected inverter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: an active damper control branch is additionally arranged in a control link of the grid-connected inverter and comprises a wave trap and a virtual resistor link;
step 2: collecting grid-connected current of LCL type grid-connected inverteri 2 (t) Capacitance currenti C (t) And a common coupling point voltageu pcc (t) Common coupling point voltageu pcc (t) Generating a fundamental current reference value of a current loop by means of a phase-locked loopi 2ref (t) (ii) a The capacitance current to be collectedi C (t) Feeding back to the output of the current loop to damp the self resonance of the LCL type inverter;
and 3, step 3: voltage of common coupling pointu pcc (t) Filtering out fundamental wave and main background harmonic wave by a wave trap to obtain harmonic voltage valueu pcch (t) (ii) a Harmonic voltage valueu pcch (t) Sending into a virtual resistance link to output a harmonic current reference valuei h_ref (t) (ii) a Reference value of harmonic currenti h_ref (t) As input for control;
and 4, step 4: according to the relation between the switching frequency and the power, the active damper is switched between two working modes, namely an active damper mode and a rated working mode, and the control structure does not need to be changed;
and 5: when a plurality of new energy inverters are connected in parallel, the grid-connected inverter with the active damper function operates in an active damper mode, so that the stability of the grid-connected inverter with the rest working in a rated working mode is enhanced.
2. The damping mutual aid control method for the new energy grid-connected inverter according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, a fundamental current reference valuei 2ref (t) The time domain quantity is subjected to Laplace transform to obtain the frequency domain quantity thereofi 2ref (s) The calculation is as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,I m is the amplitude of the reference value of the fundamental current,u pcc (s) For collected voltage values of point of common couplingu pcc (t) In the representation in the frequency domain,G PLL (s) Is the transfer function of the phase-locked loop in the frequency domain.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, the transfer function of the wave trap is:
the harmonic voltage values of the trap output are expressed in the frequency domain as:
the harmonic current reference value is represented in the frequency domain as:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the angular frequency of the fundamental wave,Qis the quality factor of the image to be displayed,his the harmonic frequency corresponding to the characteristic frequency of the wave trap;G NA (s) Is the transfer function of the wave trap and,u pcch (s) Harmonic voltage values for the output of the trapu pcc (t) In the representation in the frequency domain of the signals,H i2 for the feedback factor of the grid-connected current,R v is a virtual resistance;i h ref_ (s) As harmonic current reference valuei h ref_ (t) A representation in the frequency domain;sis Laplace operator;u pcc (s) For collected voltage values of point of common couplingu pcc (t) Representation in the frequency domain.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the active damper mode is as follows: when the power of the inverter is lower than a rated value of 10%, the switching frequency is set to be between 20 and 50kHz and is used as an active damper for damping the resonance between the power generation unit and a power grid;
the rated working modes are as follows: when the power of the inverter is larger than a rated value of 10%, the switching frequency is reduced to the rated switching frequency, and the grid-connected inverter works in a conventional power generation state.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 5, when one new energy inverter is used as the main power generation unit and another new energy inverter is in a low-power or no-load state, the switching frequency of the light-load grid-connected inverter is increased, and the light-load grid-connected inverter is used as an active damper to damp the resonance between the grid-connected inverter used as the main power generation unit and the power grid.
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| CN116316625A (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-06-23 | 湖北工业大学 | Global resonance suppression method and system for multi-machine parallel system of LCL type inverter |
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| CN115579959A (en) * | 2022-11-23 | 2023-01-06 | 湖北工业大学 | Active control method and system for impedance adapter of multi-inverter grid-connected system |
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| CN116316625B (en) * | 2023-05-16 | 2023-10-20 | 湖北工业大学 | Global resonance suppression method and system for multi-machine parallel system of LCL type inverter |
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