CN115343141A - Full-section multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device and method suitable for small river water body - Google Patents
Full-section multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device and method suitable for small river water body Download PDFInfo
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- CN115343141A CN115343141A CN202210880416.1A CN202210880416A CN115343141A CN 115343141 A CN115343141 A CN 115343141A CN 202210880416 A CN202210880416 A CN 202210880416A CN 115343141 A CN115343141 A CN 115343141A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229920000426 Microplastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
- G01N1/4077—Concentrating samples by other techniques involving separation of suspended solids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/01—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with flat filtering elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
- B01D29/50—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition
- B01D29/56—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in series connection
- B01D29/58—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with multiple filtering elements, characterised by their mutual disposition in series connection arranged concentrically or coaxially
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
- B01D35/02—Filters adapted for location in special places, e.g. pipe-lines, pumps, stop-cocks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
- G01N1/4077—Concentrating samples by other techniques involving separation of suspended solids
- G01N2001/4088—Concentrating samples by other techniques involving separation of suspended solids filtration
Abstract
The invention provides a full-section multi-size micro plastic synchronous enrichment device and method suitable for a small river water body, wherein the device comprises a filtering and collecting unit, a sampling point positioning unit and a sampling opening and closing unit, wherein a stainless mesh steel ring, a plurality of groups of funnel-type micro plastic filters, a sample collecting bottle and the like are arranged in the filtering and collecting unit and are used for quickly and synchronously enriching multi-size micro plastic samples; the sampling point positioning unit consists of four positioning rods, the filtering and collecting unit is fixed through a hook arranged on the traction rope, and accurate positioning of different horizontal positions and vertical depths of the section is realized by combining a fixed pulley and a lifting control button; the sampling opening and closing unit is used for controlling the time node of filtering and collecting the water sample micro-plastic, and the reliability and the accuracy of sampling data are realized. The method can realize synchronous enrichment of the multi-particle-size micro-plastic at different positions of the section of the small river, is convenient and fast to operate, effectively improves the sampling efficiency of the micro-plastic, and provides support for accurately evaluating the abundance of the micro-plastic in the river water body.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water environment protection, in particular to a device and a method for synchronously enriching small-sized micro-plastics on the full section of a river water body.
Background
Micro-plastic generally refers to plastic chips with a diameter of less than 5mm, including fibers, chips, films, and the like. As a new contaminant, microplastics have received much attention in recent years. Rivers are used as main drinking water sources and industrial and agricultural water in cities and towns, and the water quality safety of the rivers threatens the efficient utilization of urban water resources. Rivers often become the collection area of urban peripheral pollutants, and a large amount of micro plastics are accumulated through waste water discharge, domestic garbage, surface runoff, atmospheric dry-wet settlement and the like of a sewage treatment plant. The micro-plastics cause harm to the biological group receptors and even river ecological environment through food chains. The river micro-plastic collecting device and method are developed, the system accurately calculates the abundance of the river micro-plastic, can provide technical support for evaluating the ecological risk of the river micro-plastic, and have important practical significance and application prospect.
At present, patents related to the enrichment of micro-plastics have been reported. The invention discloses a combined device for removing floating garbage in rivers and collecting micro plastic particles (application number: CN 201811112391.0), which comprises a large floating garbage collecting barrier net and a plurality of micro plastic unit collectors, wherein the collecting barrier net is arranged at the upstream river channel of the micro plastic unit collectors, the micro plastic unit collectors are designed in a funnel net type, and are provided with unidirectional automatic turnover valve devices, and the combined device is opened under the impact action of water flow and closed when the water body is static or tide flows backwards. The device adopts the design of multistage filtering, can get rid of the little plastic granules in the influent water by the efficient, but it is to the river floats little plastic granules and collects, can not realize the accurate collection of the different horizontal positions of section, vertical degree of depth, also can not come the quantitative collection water body little plastic through this equipment. The invention discloses a water body micro-plastic collecting device (application number: CN 202111220623.6), which comprises a filter box, wherein one end of the filter box is provided with a water inlet, the other end of the filter box is provided with a water outlet, a filter plate is arranged above the filter box, a conveyor belt is arranged above the rear part of the filter box and is driven by a power device, a scraper blade is arranged under the conveyor belt and is used for scraping micro-plastic attached to the conveyor belt, and the scraped micro-plastic falls into the collecting box under the scraper blade. This patent is mainly to the little plastics of water collect the degree of difficulty big, designs a little plastics and collects ship, is convenient for effectively collect the little plastics of water on a large scale, and running cost is higher relatively, and it is not suitable for the ration collection of the little plastics of section water. The invention discloses a handheld portable water area micro-plastic collecting device and a method thereof (application number: CN 201910798930.9). The device mainly comprises a stainless steel ring, a nylon net, a threaded mouth fixer, a disposable collecting bottle and the like, and a water flow velocity measuring device is arranged in the center of a stainless steel filter screen. The device sampling is swift, convenient to carry, can improve little plastics collection efficiency, nevertheless to the accurate collection of the different horizontal positions of full section, vertical degree of depth to and the time node of accurate control filtration and collection in the acquisition process, still there is perfect place. Based on the prior art search, the design of a multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device or equipment suitable for the small river water body full-section is not reported yet aiming at the small river full-section (different horizontal positions and vertical depths) sampling requirements and the accurate calculation of the volume of a filtered water sample in the sample collection process.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multi-size micro plastic synchronous enrichment device and method suitable for small river water bodies, which have the advantages of simple structure, low operation cost, convenience in operation, reliability and accuracy in data collection and can meet the requirements of monitoring and sampling of full sections (different horizontal positions and vertical depths). The method has very important practical significance and application value for accurately calculating the abundance of the micro-plastic in the water environment of the small river and evaluating the ecological risk of the small river.
A full-section multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device suitable for a small river flow water body comprises a filtering and collecting unit, a sampling point positioning unit and a sampling opening and closing unit, wherein the sampling point positioning unit comprises four positioning rods capable of lifting up and down, fixed pulleys are arranged at the upper parts of the positioning rods, and three-leg supporting frames are arranged at the lower ends of the positioning rods and used for being inserted into a river mud layer; the sampling is opened and close the unit and is installed in filtration and collection unit front end for the entering of control sampling water the filtration and collection unit, filtration and collection unit are arranged in opening and close the collection of the little plastics in the sampling water that the unit got into through the sampling, the both ends of filtering and collection unit are connected with the one end of haulage rope, and the other end of haulage rope is around establishing on the fixed pulley, and the oscilaltion through the locating lever realizes the enrichment of the little plastics of different water layer waters, drives through the pulling haulage rope filtration and collection unit in the removal of section horizontal direction, realizes the enrichment of the little plastics of different horizontal position waters.
Furthermore, the locating lever includes outer pole and the slip interior pole that stretches out and draws back in the outer pole, and the upper end of interior pole is equipped with the fixed pulley, and the fixed pulley is walked around to the one end of haulage rope, the other end of haulage rope through the couple with filter and collection unit connection, the lower extreme of outer pole sets up the tripod support frame.
Furthermore, a lifting control button is arranged at the upper end of the inner rod, a plurality of clamping points are arranged on two sides of the inner rod at intervals, a plurality of clamping grooves are formed in the outer rod corresponding to the clamping points, a long rod is connected inside the lifting control button, a plurality of sets of telescopic springs are fixed on two sides of the long rod and connected with the clamping points, and when the lifting control button is pressed, the long rod moves downwards to drive the telescopic springs to move vertically, so that the clamping points are contracted; the bottom of the long rod is provided with an expansion spring, when the lifting control button is not pressed, the elastic force of the expansion spring at the lower end of the long rod is used for realizing the resetting of a clamping point, and finally, the clamping groove at the lower end of the positioning rod is combined for height adjustment.
Furthermore, the main body of the filtering and collecting unit is two semi-cylindrical hollow shells which are connected through a plug, and a fixing ring connected with a hook at the outer end of the hauling rope is arranged on each semi-cylindrical hollow shell; the unit is opened and close in the sampling through first flange joint sampling to filtration and collection unit front end, realizes opening and closing of sampling process, and the second flange is connected to the rear end, can realize establishing ties through first flange and second flange between a plurality of filtration and the collection unit.
Furthermore, at least three groups of semicircular slots are arranged on the inner walls of the two semi-cylindrical hollow shells at a certain distance, the opposite 2 semicircular slots are butted to form a complete circular slot, a stainless net-shaped steel ring is vertically placed in the first group of semicircular slots, funnel-type micro-plastic filters with different meshes are placed in other groups of semicircular slots, a sample collecting bottle is arranged at the rear end outlet of each funnel-type micro-plastic filter, and the front stainless net-shaped steel ring is used for intercepting large plastics and floaters in a water body.
Furthermore, the outer side of the funnel-type micro plastic filter is a metal closed circular frame made of 304 stainless steel or aluminum alloy, the rear end of the funnel-type micro plastic filter is provided with an opening for bundling and sealing, the funnel-type micro plastic filter is made of bolting silk, and the specification of the funnel-type micro plastic filter is 5-3000 meshes adjustable; the sample collecting bottle is made of toughened glass and is connected with the rear end of the funnel-type micro plastic filter through a hoop for enriching the micro plastic samples.
Further, the sampling opening and closing unit front end is the cuboid structure, and the centre is the hollow circular cylinder structure, and the rear end is the drum structure, and cuboid structure, hollow circular cylinder structure and drum structure connect gradually, are equipped with remote control's the unit of opening and closing in the cuboid structure, and the drum structure passes through the flange and filters and is connected with the collection unit.
Furthermore, the upper end of the hollow cylindrical structure is a mesoporous slotted structure, and the electronic flow sensor penetrates through the mesoporous slotted structure to penetrate into the upper part of the hollow cylindrical structure and is used for measuring the flow of water entering the sampling start-stop unit.
Furthermore, the opening and closing unit comprises two semicircular opening and closing doors and a channel which are arranged at the opening, the semicircular opening and closing doors can reciprocate along the channel, the semicircular opening and closing doors are connected with a telescopic spring, and the semicircular opening and closing doors are close to each other and are in a closed state under the condition of no sampling through the thrust of the spring, so that water cannot enter; the outer end of the semicircular opening and closing door is provided with an electromagnet and a power supply module connected with the electromagnet, the power supply module is wirelessly connected with a controller on the bank through a wireless communication module, the semicircular opening and closing door is made of metal materials capable of being attracted by the magnet, the power supply module supplies power to the electromagnet when being remotely started when sampling is needed, and the two semicircular opening and closing doors in an airtight state are pulled open by magnetic force generated by the electromagnet, so that a water body penetrates through the hollow cylindrical structure.
A full-section multi-size micro-plastic collecting and enriching method suitable for small rivers is carried out by adopting the device, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a section to be detected of the small river;
(2) opening the filtering and collecting unit, sequentially placing a stainless steel filter screen and funnel-type micro plastic filters with different meshes in the semicircular slot, connecting the sample collecting bottle with the rear end outlet of the funnel-type micro plastic filter, closing the filtering and collecting unit, and fixing through a rear end flange to ensure the sealing property of the cylindrical hollow structure; the stainless steel filter screen filters large plastics and floating materials in a measured water sample, the water sample is filtered when the large plastics and the floating materials pass through funnel-type micro-plastic filters with different meshes, and micro-plastics with different sizes enter the collecting bottle under the action of water flow;
(3) the sampling point positioning unit is characterized in that four positioning rods of the sampling point positioning unit are connected with a filtering and collecting unit fixing ring through hooks on a traction rope, the direction of the sampling point positioning unit is adjusted against water flow, and the whole set of sampling equipment is placed in a water sampling point;
(4) the whole set of sampling equipment realizes the collection of micro plastic samples of different horizontal positions of a sampling section and different water layers and water bodies through a pulley and a lifting control button on a positioning rod, and realizes the collection and enrichment of full-section micro plastic;
(5) a worker remotely starts the power supply module on the bank side, the semicircular opening and closing door is opened through magnetic attraction after the electromagnet is electrified, sampling is started, and the electronic flow sensor measures the water flow in the micro-plastic collection process;
(6) when sampling is finished, remotely closing the power supply module, so that the semicircular opening and closing door is closed to stop filtering;
(7) after the volume of the filtered water sample is calculated according to the flow and the time, the anchor ear is opened, the collecting bottle is taken down, and a new collecting bottle is replaced to synchronously enrich the micro-plastic samples with multiple sections and multiple sizes.
The invention constructs a multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device suitable for the full section of a small river water body, realizes the accurate positioning of different horizontal positions and vertical depths of the section through the cooperative optimization combination of a filtering and collecting unit, a sampling point positioning unit and a sampling start-stop unit, and ensures the reliability and the accuracy of sampling data. The method has the characteristics of low operation cost, convenience and quickness in operation and high test accuracy, can reflect the abundance of the micro-plastics in the small river water body more truly, and provides a brand-new idea for the micro-plastic monitoring and sampling strategy of the current river water environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of the full-section multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device suitable for small river water bodies;
FIG. 2 is an overall structure diagram of four positioning rods in a sampling point positioning unit in one embodiment of the full-section multi-size synchronous micro plastic enrichment device for the small river water body of the invention;
FIG. 3 is an overall structure diagram of a filtering and collecting unit in one embodiment of the full-section multi-size micro plastic synchronous enrichment device suitable for the small river water body of the invention;
fig. 4 is an overall structure diagram of a sampling start-stop unit in one embodiment of the full-section multi-size micro plastic synchronous enrichment device suitable for the small river water body.
In the figure: the device comprises a traction rope, a three-leg support frame, a lifting control button, a fixed pulley, a hook, a clamping point, a clamping groove, a plug, a fixing ring, a flange, a thread, a semicircular slot, a stainless steel net ring, a funnel-type micro-plastic filter, a sample collecting bottle, a hoop, a middle hole slotting structure, an electronic flow sensor, a semicircular opening and closing door, a telescopic spring, an electromagnet, a power supply module and a channel, wherein the traction rope is 1, the three-leg support frame is 2, the lifting control button is 3, the fixed pulley is 4, the hook is 5, the clamping point is 6, the clamping groove is 7, the plug is 8, the fixing ring is 9, the flange is 10, the thread is 11, the semicircular slot is 12, the stainless steel net-shaped steel ring is 14, the funnel-type micro-plastic filter is 15, the sample collecting bottle is 16, the hoop is 17, the middle hole slotting structure is 18, the electronic flow sensor is 19, the semicircular opening and closing door is 20, the telescopic spring, the electromagnet is 22, and the power supply module is 23.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment of the invention provides a full-section multi-size micro plastic synchronous enrichment device suitable for a small river water body, which comprises a filtering and collecting unit, a sampling point positioning unit and a sampling start-stop unit.
The filtering and collecting unit main body is two semi-cylindrical hollow shells; the sampling point positioning unit is connected with the filtering and collecting unit through a traction rope 1 and comprises four positioning rods, the lower ends of the positioning rods are provided with three-leg supporting frames 2 which are used for being inserted into a river mud layer, the filtering and collecting unit is stabilized, and good wind and wave resistance is guaranteed; the sampling start-stop unit is installed at the front end of the filtering and collecting unit and used for controlling the time nodes of micro-plastic filtering and collecting, ensuring the accuracy of water sampling, avoiding the loss of the micro-plastic sample in the process of the mobile filtering and collecting unit and realizing the reliability and accuracy of sampling data.
Referring to fig. 2, the appearance point positioning unit includes four locating levers, and the locating lever can adopt stainless steel, and every locating lever includes outer pole and slides the interior pole that stretches out and draws back in the outer pole, and the upper end of interior pole is equipped with lift control button 3, fixed pulley 4, and fixed pulley 4 is walked around to the one end of haulage rope 1, and the other end and the couple 5 of haulage rope 1 are connected, and interior pole both sides interval is equipped with a plurality of stuck points 6, and the outer pole corresponds a plurality of stuck points 6 and is equipped with a plurality of draw-in grooves 7, and the lower extreme of outer pole is equipped with tripod support frame 2. Locating lever upper end is from taking the scale, can mark the depth of water, the locating lever lower extreme sets up tripod support frame 2, insert in the river earth, 3 internal connection rectangular poles of lift control button of interior pole upper end, the fixed multiunit expanding spring in rectangular pole both sides, expanding spring is connected with stuck point 6, when pressing lift control button 3, rectangular pole moves down, drive the vertical removal of expanding spring, realize that stuck point 6 contracts, rectangular pole bottom is equipped with expanding spring equally, when not pressing lift control button 3, rely on rectangular pole lower extreme expanding spring elasticity, realize that stuck point 6 resets, the draw-in groove 7 of combining the locating lever lower extreme at last carries out height control. The haulage rope 1 is around establishing on fixed pulley 4, and the outer end of haulage rope is provided with couple 5 for fixed filtration and collection unit, through fixed pulley 4 pull realize filter and collection unit in section horizontal direction's removal, realize the sample collection at the different degree of depth of section through lift control button 3, and then realize full section (different horizontal position, different water layers) water microplastic enrichment.
Referring to (a) and (b) in fig. 3, the external structure of the filtering and collecting unit is a semi-cylindrical hollow shell with a certain thickness, the two semi-cylindrical hollow shells are connected through a plug 8 and can be opened or closed according to the test requirement, and four groups of fixing rings 9 are arranged at the front, back, left and right and are used for connecting the hooks 5 on the traction rope 1 of the sampling point positioning unit; filter and collect the unit front end and pass through flange 10 and be connected the sampling and open and close the unit, realize opening and closing of sampling process, the same flange 10 of rear end, through 2 fixed filtration and the collect unit front end of group's flange 10 and rear end around, the leakproofness of half cylinder cavity shell among the guarantee sampling process, through screw thread 11 on the flange 10, according to the work needs, can realize that the multiunit filters and the collect unit is established ties, improves sampling efficiency, the pipeline length of filtering and collect unit is 1200mm, and the internal diameter is 200mm, and external diameter 210mm.
Referring to fig. 3 (b), the internal structure of the filtering and collecting unit is a plurality of groups of semicircular slots 12 (this embodiment is set to 3 groups) arranged at a certain distance, when two semicircular hollow shells are closed, 2 opposite semicircular slots 12 are butted to form a complete circular slot, 3 groups of semicircular slots 12 are sequentially 100mm, 500mm, the two semicircular hollow shells are connected through a plug 8, when the filter is opened, from the front to the back, 1 group of stainless steel rings 13 are vertically placed in the 3 groups of semicircular slots 12 in sequence, 2 groups of funnel-type micro plastic filters 14 with different mesh numbers are used for rapidly and synchronously collecting and enriching micro plastic samples, and a sample collecting bottle 15 is arranged at the rear end outlet of each funnel-type micro plastic filter 14.
The outer side of the funnel-type micro plastic filter 14 is a metal closed circular frame made of 304 stainless steel or aluminum alloy, the rear end of the funnel-type micro plastic filter 14 is provided with an opening for bundling and sealing, the funnel-type micro plastic filter 14 is made of bolting silk, and the specification is adjustable in a range of 5-3000 meshes; the sample collecting bottle 15 is made of toughened glass, is connected with the rear end of the funnel-type micro-plastic filter 14 through an anchor ear 16 and is used for collecting the filtered micro-plastic sample; the front end stainless steel mesh ring 13 is used for intercepting large plastics, floaters and other sundries in the water body.
Referring to fig. 4, the front end of the sampling start-stop unit is of a cuboid structure (500 mm in length, 50mm in width, 220mm in height), the middle of the sampling start-stop unit is of a hollow cylindrical structure, the rear end of the sampling start-stop unit is of a cylindrical structure (200 mm in inner diameter and 210mm in outer diameter), and the cylindrical structure is connected with the filtering and collecting unit through a flange 10; the upper end of the hollow cylindrical structure is provided with a middle hole slotted structure 17, and an electronic flow sensor 18 penetrates through the middle hole slotted structure 17 to penetrate into the hollow cylindrical structure and is used for measuring the flow of water entering the sampling start-stop unit; the electronic flow sensor 18 can be piston type, shuttle type, turbine type, rotor type, etc., and the main body structure of the sampling opening and closing unit is made of aluminum alloy.
Referring to fig. 4, two semicircular opening and closing doors 19 with the thickness of 5mm are arranged in the sampling opening and closing unit, the semicircular opening and closing doors can move back and forth through a channel 23 in a cuboid structure, the semicircular opening and closing doors 19 are connected with a telescopic spring 20, and the semicircular opening and closing doors 19 are in a closed state under the condition of no sampling through the thrust of the spring 20, so that water cannot enter; cuboid structure both ends are inside to be provided with electro-magnet 21 and power module 22, during the sampling, through cell-phone 4G or 5G signal, but the bank remote start, electro-magnet 21 is circular-arc structure, has strong magnetism after the circular telegram, opens semicircular opening and closing door 19 through magnetic attraction, begins the sampling, and semicircular opening and closing door 19 chooses for use the metal material that can be attracted by magnet, like iron, cobalt and nickel etc..
The embodiment of the invention also provides a full-section multi-size micro-plastic collecting and enriching method suitable for small rivers, which is carried out by adopting the device and comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a small river section to be detected;
(2) opening the filtering and collecting unit, sequentially placing a stainless steel filter screen 13 and funnel-type micro plastic filters 14 with different mesh numbers in the semicircular slot 12, connecting a sample collecting bottle 15 with the rear end outlets of the funnel-type micro plastic filters 14, closing the filtering and collecting unit, and fixing through a rear end flange 10 to ensure the sealing property of the cylindrical hollow structure; the stainless steel filter screen 13 with 5 meshes filters impurities such as large plastics, floating materials and the like in the measured water sample, and the water sample in the water sample is filtered when the water sample passes through the funnel-type micro-plastic filter 14 with different meshes, and the micro-plastics with different sizes enter the collecting bottle 15 under the action of water flow;
(3) the four positioning rods of the sampling point positioning unit are connected with a filtering and collecting unit fixing ring 9 through a hook 5 on a traction rope 1, the direction of the sampling point positioning unit is adjusted against water flow, and the whole set of sampling equipment is placed in a water sampling point;
(4) the whole set of sampling equipment realizes the collection of micro-plastic samples of different water layers (surface, middle and bottom) at different positions (left bank, middle bank, right bank and the like) of a sampling section through a pulley 4 and a lifting control button 3 on a positioning rod, and realizes the collection and enrichment of full-section micro-plastic;
(5) the shore remote start of a worker is realized through a mobile phone 4G or 5G signal, the electromagnet 21 has strong magnetism after being electrified, the semicircular opening and closing door 19 is opened through magnetic attraction force to start sampling, and the electronic flow sensor 18 measures the water flow in the micro-plastic collection process;
(6) when sampling is finished, the semicircular opening and closing door 19 is closed to stop filtering, so that a filtering time node can be accurately controlled, sample loss and water sample entering in a filter in the process of collecting and releasing the equipment are avoided, and the reliability and accuracy of data are ensured;
(7) after the volume of the filtered water sample is determined according to the flow and the time, the hoop 16 is opened, the collecting bottle 15 is taken down, and the next section sample can be enriched by replacing the collecting bottle 15 with a new one.
(8) Analysis of micro-plastics
The flow analysis adopts real-time counting electronic flow sensor measuring device, the device can record the flow of water flow when the micro-plastics are collected in real time, the electronic flow sensor calculates the average flow of the measured water body in the measuring time after the micro-plastics are collected, and then the content of the micro-plastics in the measured water body is calculated according to the volume of the water passing through the filter screen = flow multiplied by time.
The enrichment method provided by the embodiment can realize synchronous and rapid enrichment of the multi-size micro-plastic of the full section (different horizontal positions and vertical depths) of the small river water body, efficiently meets the requirements of downsampling under different scenes, and provides technical support for system evaluation of the abundance of the micro-plastic of the small river water body.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a be applicable to synchronous enrichment facility of little plastics of small-size river water full section multi-dimension which characterized in that: the device comprises a filtering and collecting unit, a sampling point positioning unit and a sampling start-stop unit, wherein the sampling point positioning unit comprises four positioning rods capable of lifting up and down, fixed pulleys are arranged at the upper parts of the positioning rods, and three-leg supporting frames are arranged at the lower ends of the positioning rods and used for being inserted into a river mud layer; the sampling is opened and close the unit and is installed in filtration and collection unit front end for control sampling water gets into filtration and collection unit, filtration and collection unit are arranged in opening and close the collection to the little plastics in the sampling water that the unit got into through the sampling, the both ends of filtering and collection unit are connected with the one end of haulage rope, and the other end of haulage rope is around establishing on the fixed pulley, and the oscilaltion through the locating lever realizes the enrichment of different water layer water microplastics, drives through the pulling haulage rope filtration and collection unit are at the removal of section horizontal direction, realize the enrichment of different horizontal position water microplastics.
2. The full-section multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device suitable for the small river water body according to claim 1, and is characterized in that: the locating lever includes outer pole and the slip interior pole that stretches out and draws back in the outer pole, and the upper end of interior pole is equipped with the fixed pulley, and the fixed pulley is walked around to the one end of haulage rope, the other end of haulage rope through the couple with filter and collection unit connection, the lower extreme of outer pole sets up the tripod support frame.
3. The full-section multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device suitable for the small river water body according to claim 2, and is characterized in that: the upper end of the inner rod is provided with a lifting control button, a plurality of clamping points are arranged at two sides of the inner rod at intervals, a plurality of clamping grooves are formed in the outer rod corresponding to the clamping points, the lifting control button is internally connected with a long rod, a plurality of groups of telescopic springs are fixed at two sides of the long rod, the telescopic springs are connected with the clamping points, and when the lifting control button is pressed, the long rod moves downwards to drive the telescopic springs to move vertically, so that the clamping points are contracted; the bottom of the long rod is provided with an expansion spring, when the lifting control button is not pressed, the elastic force of the expansion spring at the lower end of the long rod is used for realizing the resetting of a clamping point, and finally, the clamping groove at the lower end of the positioning rod is combined for height adjustment.
4. The full-section multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device suitable for the small river water body according to claim 2, and is characterized in that: the main body of the filtering and collecting unit is two semi-cylindrical hollow shells which are connected through a plug, and a fixing ring connected with a hook at the outer end of the traction rope is arranged on each semi-cylindrical hollow shell; the front end of the filtering and collecting unit is connected with the sampling opening and closing unit through the first flange, the sampling process is opened and closed, the rear end of the filtering and collecting unit is connected with the second flange, and the filtering and collecting units can be connected in series through the first flange and the second flange.
5. The full-section multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device suitable for the small river water body according to claim 4, and is characterized in that: at least three groups of semicircular slots are arranged on the inner walls of the two semi-cylindrical hollow shells at a certain distance, 2 opposite semicircular slots are butted to form a complete circular slot, a stainless mesh steel ring is vertically placed in the first group of semicircular slots, funnel-type micro plastic filters with different meshes are placed in other groups of semicircular slots, a sample collecting bottle is arranged at the rear end outlet of each funnel-type micro plastic filter, and the front stainless mesh steel ring is used for intercepting large plastics and floaters in a water body.
6. The full-section multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device suitable for the small river water body according to claim 5, and is characterized in that: the outer side of the funnel-type micro plastic filter is a metal closed circular frame made of 304 stainless steel or aluminum alloy, the rear end of the funnel-type micro plastic filter is provided with an opening for bundling and sealing, the funnel-type micro plastic filter is made of bolting silk, and the specification is 5-3000 meshes adjustable; the sample collecting bottle is made of toughened glass and is connected with the rear end of the funnel-type micro plastic filter through a hoop for enriching micro plastic samples.
7. The full-section multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device suitable for the small river water body according to claim 1, and is characterized in that: the sampling opening and closing unit is characterized in that the front end of the sampling opening and closing unit is of a cuboid structure, the middle of the sampling opening and closing unit is of a hollow cylindrical structure, the rear end of the sampling opening and closing unit is of a cylindrical structure, the cuboid structure, the hollow cylindrical structure and the cylindrical structure are sequentially connected, a remote control opening and closing unit is arranged in the cuboid structure, and the cylindrical structure is connected with the collecting unit through a flange and a filter.
8. The full-section multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device suitable for the small river water body according to claim 7, characterized in that: the upper end of the hollow cylindrical structure is a middle hole slotted structure, and the electronic flow sensor penetrates through the middle hole slotted structure to penetrate into the upper part of the hollow cylindrical structure and is used for measuring the flow of water entering the sampling start-stop unit.
9. The full-section multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device suitable for the small river water body according to claim 7, characterized in that: the opening and closing unit comprises two semicircular opening and closing doors and a channel which are arranged at an opening, the semicircular opening and closing doors can move back and forth along the channel, the semicircular opening and closing doors are connected with a telescopic spring, the semicircular opening and closing doors are tightly closed by the thrust of the spring under the condition of no sampling, and water cannot enter; the outer end of the semicircular opening and closing door is provided with an electromagnet and a power supply module connected with the electromagnet, the power supply module is wirelessly connected with a controller on the bank through a wireless communication module, the semicircular opening and closing door is made of metal materials capable of being attracted by the magnet, the power supply module supplies power to the electromagnet when being remotely started when sampling is needed, and the two semicircular opening and closing doors in an airtight state are pulled open by magnetic force generated by the electromagnet, so that a water body penetrates into the hollow cylindrical structure.
10. A full-section multi-size micro-plastic collecting and enriching method suitable for small rivers, which is characterized by being carried out by using the device of any one of claims 1 to 9, and the method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a small river section to be detected;
(2) opening the filtering and collecting unit, sequentially placing a stainless steel filter screen and funnel-type micro plastic filters with different meshes in the semicircular slot, connecting the sample collecting bottle with the rear end outlet of the funnel-type micro plastic filter, closing the filtering and collecting unit, and fixing through a rear end flange to ensure the sealing property of the cylindrical hollow structure; the stainless steel filter screen filters large plastics and floating substances in a measured water sample, and the water sample is filtered when the large plastics and the floating substances pass through funnel-type micro-plastic filters with different meshes, and micro-plastics with different sizes enter the collecting bottle under the action of water flow;
(3) the sampling point positioning unit is characterized in that four positioning rods of the sampling point positioning unit are connected with a filtering and collecting unit fixing ring through hooks on a traction rope, the direction of the sampling point positioning unit is adjusted against water flow, and the whole set of sampling equipment is placed in a water sampling point;
(4) the whole set of sampling equipment realizes the collection of micro plastic samples of different horizontal positions of a sampling section and different water layers and water bodies through a pulley and a lifting control button on a positioning rod, and realizes the collection and enrichment of full-section micro plastic;
(5) a worker remotely starts a power supply module on the bank side, the electromagnet opens the semicircular opening and closing door through magnetic attraction after being electrified, and sampling is started, and the electronic flow sensor measures the water flow in the collection process of the micro-plastic;
(6) when sampling is finished, remotely closing the power supply module, so that the semicircular opening and closing door is closed to stop filtering;
(7) after the volume of the filtered water sample is calculated according to the flow and the time, the anchor ear is opened, the collecting bottle is taken down, and a new collecting bottle is replaced to synchronously enrich the micro-plastic samples with multiple sections and multiple sizes.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210880416.1A CN115343141A (en) | 2022-07-25 | 2022-07-25 | Full-section multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device and method suitable for small river water body |
| PCT/CN2023/070116 WO2024021528A1 (en) | 2022-07-25 | 2023-01-03 | Micro-plastic enrichment apparatus and method for river |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210880416.1A CN115343141A (en) | 2022-07-25 | 2022-07-25 | Full-section multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device and method suitable for small river water body |
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| CN115343141A true CN115343141A (en) | 2022-11-15 |
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| WO (1) | WO2024021528A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2024021528A1 (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2024-02-01 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Micro-plastic enrichment apparatus and method for river |
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| WO2017019695A1 (en) * | 2015-07-27 | 2017-02-02 | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution | Aquatic sampler and collection apparatus |
| CN108444768A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-08-24 | 郑州贯奥仪器仪表有限公司 | A kind of novel water quality of river sampling apparatus |
| CN109163929B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2021-05-18 | 郑州大学 | Controllable portable water sample collection system of distance |
| CN109724848B (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2021-09-21 | 华东理工大学 | Rapid collection device and collection method for micro-plastics in shallow water in river and lake system |
| CN210803022U (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2020-06-19 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | Handheld portable water area micro-plastic collecting device |
| CN110470509A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-11-19 | 中国科学院武汉植物园 | The micro- plastic collection devices and methods therefor in handheld portable waters |
| CN212748423U (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2021-03-19 | 宜昌正信建筑工程试验检测有限公司 | Surface water sampling device |
| CN113155549A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-23 | 安徽理工大学 | Quick collection system of micro-plastic in river lake system water |
| CN114593952B (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-07-19 | 中国科学院生态环境研究中心 | Water body micro-plastic collecting device and three-dimensional collecting system |
| CN115343141A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-11-15 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Full-section multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device and method suitable for small river water body |
| CN218121561U (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-12-23 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Full-section multi-size micro-plastic synchronous enrichment device suitable for small river water body |
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2022
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| WO2024021528A1 (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2024-02-01 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | Micro-plastic enrichment apparatus and method for river |
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