CN115343029B

CN115343029B - Comprehensive fault experiment table for reciprocating machinery

Info

Publication number: CN115343029B
Application number: CN202210966167.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵海洋; 李雪; 冯帅; 文浩东; 何金一; 王金东
Original assignee: Northeast Petroleum University
Current assignee: Northeast Petroleum University
Priority date: 2022-08-12
Filing date: 2022-08-12
Publication date: 2023-07-04
Anticipated expiration: 2042-08-12
Also published as: CN115343029A

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive fault experiment table for reciprocating machinery, which comprises a base, a driving assembly, a crank connecting rod assembly, a slideway assembly and two sedimentation fine adjustment assemblies, wherein the base is provided with a plurality of support plates; the crank connecting rod assembly comprises a supporting bearing seat, a crank, a connecting rod, a cross head and a piston rod, wherein the crank is arranged on the supporting bearing seat, the driving assembly drives the crank to rotate, one end of the connecting rod is hinged with the crank, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with the cross head, and one end of the piston rod is connected with the cross head; the slide assembly comprises an upper slide, a lower slide, a guide shaft, an adjusting shaft, a slide locking bolt, a slide locking nut and a slide sheet, wherein the lower slide is L-shaped and is provided with a guide groove in the vertical direction, the guide shaft is inserted into the upper slide and the lower slide, the adjusting shaft is parallel to the guide shaft, and the adjusting shaft is respectively in threaded connection with the upper slide and the lower slide by two sections of threads; the invention realizes the simulation of three faults, namely bearing bush abrasion faults, cross head abrasion faults and piston rod eccentric faults, and has high cost performance, multifunction and high safety.

Description

Comprehensive fault experiment table for reciprocating machinery

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of mechanical equipment, in particular to a comprehensive fault experiment table for reciprocating machinery.

Background

The reciprocating machine is widely used as an important component for converting power forms in mechanical equipment such as diesel engines, reciprocating compressors, reciprocating pumps and the like. The reciprocating machine has the characteristics of complex structure, numerous excitation sources, strong motion non-stationarity and the like, and causes the fault that the vibration of the reciprocating machine exceeds the standard due to abrasion. For this reason, a related technician may design a reciprocating mechanical fault simulation experiment table to perform a simulation test on the common fault vibration, search for a fault vibration mechanism, and study a diagnosis method. The existing reciprocating mechanical fault experiment table has the defects of single fault type, low fault simulation precision and inconvenient installation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the fault type simulated by the existing reciprocating mechanical fault experiment table is single and the adjusting capability is poor.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a comprehensive fault experiment table of reciprocating machinery comprises a base, a driving assembly, a crank connecting rod assembly and a slideway assembly;

the crank connecting rod assembly comprises a supporting bearing seat, a crank, a connecting rod, a cross head and a piston rod, wherein the supporting bearing seat is arranged on the base, the crank is arranged on the supporting bearing seat, the driving assembly drives the crank to rotate, one end of the connecting rod is hinged with the crank, the other end of the connecting rod is hinged with the cross head, and one end of the piston rod is connected with the cross head; the crank connecting rod assembly converts the rotary motion of the crank into the reciprocating motion of the cross head in the slideway assembly;

the slide assembly comprises an upper slide, a lower slide, a guide shaft, an adjusting shaft, a slide locking bolt, a slide locking nut and a slide sheet, wherein the lower slide is L-shaped and is provided with a guide groove in the vertical direction, the guide groove is designed into a dovetail shape under the general condition, the upper slide is inserted in the guide groove, the upper slide and the lower slide are respectively provided with the slide sheet, and the cross head slides between the two slide sheets; the guide shaft is inserted into the upper slide way and the lower slide way, the adjusting shaft is parallel to the guide shaft, two sections of threads are arranged on the adjusting shaft, the adjusting shaft is respectively connected with the upper slide way and the lower slide way by utilizing the two sections of threads, and the pitches of the two sections of threads are different; the slide way locking bolt penetrates through the upper slide way and the lower slide way from the side face, and the slide way locking nut is sleeved on the slide way locking bolt;

when the adjusting shaft is rotated, the adjusting shaft and the upper slide rail integrally generate displacement in the vertical direction relative to the lower slide rail, and meanwhile, the upper slide rail generates displacement in the vertical direction relative to the adjusting shaft; because the pitch of the screw thread connected between the adjusting shaft and the upper slide rail and the lower slide rail is different, the upper slide rail inevitably generates relative displacement relative to the lower slide rail; namely, the distance between the upper slide rail and the lower slide rail can be changed by rotating the adjusting shaft, and when the adjusting shaft rotates for one circle, the distance change value between the upper slide rail and the lower slide rail is equal to the difference between two screw pitches; the design can enable the distance between the upper slide way and the lower slide way to change less when the adjusting shaft rotates for one circle, namely the adjusting precision of the adjusting shaft is higher;

when a fault simulation test is carried out, the distance between the upper slide rail and the lower slide rail is increased by rotating the adjusting shaft, so that the gap between the cross head and the sliding sheet is increased, and the fault after the cross head is worn under the real condition is simulated; and then a sensor is arranged on the cross head to measure the vibration condition of the cross head in a fault state.

In order to simulate the fault that the piston rod is not centered, the comprehensive fault experiment table also comprises a unidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly;

the unidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly comprises a first fine adjustment support, a fine adjustment frame, a first guide frame, a first wedge block, a first fine adjustment bolt and a first lantern ring, wherein the fine adjustment frame is arranged in the first fine adjustment support, the first guide frame is arranged in the fine adjustment frame, the first wedge block is positioned in the first guide frame, the first fine adjustment bolt is in threaded connection with the first wedge block and drives the first wedge block to translate in the first guide frame, and the first guide frame limits the first wedge block to translate only along the length direction of the first fine adjustment bolt;

the first lantern ring is provided with a first supporting rod and a mounting cross rod, the first lantern ring is mounted in the first fine adjustment support through the mounting cross rod, a reset spring is arranged between the mounting cross rod and the first fine adjustment support, the top end of the first supporting rod contacts with the wedge surface of the first wedge block, and the top end of the first supporting rod is provided with a first ball; the piston rod horizontally penetrates through the first lantern ring;

after the user rotates the first fine adjustment bolt, the first wedge block translates, and the wedge surface of the first wedge block drives the first lantern ring to generate radial displacement along the piston rod through the first support rod, so that the piston rod is eccentric, and the piston rod is not centered to simulate faults.

In the technical scheme of the unidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly, the first lantern ring can only generate displacement in a fixed direction (generally in a vertical direction) on the piston rod, and when a user needs to simulate the superposition of the eccentric fault of the piston rod and other faults, the technical scheme that the eccentric direction of the piston rod cannot be changed is somewhat insufficient; therefore, the invention also provides an omnidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly;

the omnidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly comprises a second fine adjustment support, a turntable, a second guide frame, a second wedge block, a second fine adjustment bolt, a second lantern ring, a synchronous belt and a guide wheel; the two turntables are parallel to each other and connected through two flat plates, the middle of each turntable is provided with an opening, each turntable is arranged in the second fine tuning support, and each turntable can rotate in the second fine tuning support;

the two second guide frames are fixed at two ends of one diameter of the turntable, a second wedge block is arranged in each second guide frame, and two second fine adjustment bolts penetrate through the turntable and are respectively in threaded connection with the two second wedge blocks, and the second guide frames limit the second wedge blocks to translate along the length direction of the second fine adjustment bolts; the two second wedge blocks are identical in shape but opposite in inclination direction of the wedge faces;

two second supporting rods with opposite directions are arranged on the second lantern ring, the top ends of the two second supporting rods are respectively contacted with the wedge faces of the two second wedge blocks, and second balls are arranged at the top ends of the two second supporting rods; the piston rod horizontally penetrates through the second lantern ring;

the tail end of the second fine adjustment bolt is provided with a synchronous tooth, the surface of the turntable is provided with a guide wheel, and the synchronous belt is wound around the two second fine adjustment bolts and the guide wheel, so that the two second fine adjustment bolts always synchronously rotate;

when a user rotates any one second fine adjustment bolt, the two second fine adjustment bolts synchronously rotate, so that the two second wedge blocks synchronously move horizontally, the second lantern ring moves between the two second wedge faces by the wedge faces of the second wedge blocks, and the piston rod moves radially, namely the piston rod is eccentric; since the turntable is rotatable, the second trimming bolt, the second wedge and the second collar are rotatable relative to the piston rod, which means that the second collar can cause any directional eccentricity of the piston rod.

Further, the omnidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly further comprises a fine adjustment locking bolt, wherein the fine adjustment locking bolt is arranged on the second fine adjustment support and abuts against the edge of the turntable, and the fine adjustment locking bolt is used for locking the turntable.

Further, the crank-link assembly further comprises a loading spring for loading the piston rod, the loading spring is sleeved on the piston rod, and a loading nut is generally arranged on the piston rod, when the piston rod moves, the piston rod compresses the loading spring through the loading nut, that is, the loading spring applies a load to the piston rod.

Further, the crank connecting rod assembly further comprises a bearing bush, one end of the connecting rod is provided with a hinged annular buckle, the bearing bush is sleeved on the crank, and the connecting rod is fixed on the bearing bush through the annular buckle; in order to facilitate replacement of the bearing shell, the bearing shell is generally designed to be of a split type structure, such as a two-lobe type structure; the abrasion state of the bearing bush can be simulated by replacing bearing bushes with different thicknesses.

Specifically, the driving assembly comprises a motor and a commutator, and an output shaft of the motor is connected with the commutator and drives a crank to rotate; a torque sensor may also be mounted between the commutator and the crank to monitor the torque of the crank.

In order to absorb the inherent vibration energy of the whole experiment table, the invention further comprises a spring damper, wherein the spring damper is arranged on the base, and the other end of the piston rod is connected with the spring damper.

The beneficial effects are that: (1) According to the comprehensive fault experiment table for the reciprocating machinery, disclosed by the invention, the upper slideway is controlled to move through the adjusting shaft, so that the gap between the cross head and the upper and lower sliding sheets is changed, and the wear fault of the cross head is simulated. (2) The comprehensive fault experiment table for the reciprocating machinery realizes eccentric movement of the piston rod through the unidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly, and simulates the misalignment fault of the piston rod. (3) The comprehensive fault experiment table for the reciprocating machinery realizes eccentric movement of the piston rod in any direction through the omnidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly, simulates eccentric faults of the piston rod in any direction, and is beneficial to comprehensively researching superposition effects of the eccentric faults and other faults. (4) According to the comprehensive fault experiment table for the reciprocating machinery, two second wedge-shaped blocks which are symmetrical in center are arranged in the omnidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly, the reset spring is abandoned, and the eccentric degree of the piston rod is ensured not to be influenced by the reset spring. (5) According to the comprehensive fault experiment table for the reciprocating machinery, the hinged annular buckle is arranged at one end of the connecting rod, so that the bearing bushes with different sizes can be conveniently detached and replaced, and the abrasion fault of the bearing bushes can be simulated.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the comprehensive fault experiment table of example 1.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the crank link assembly, the unidirectional settlement fine adjustment assembly, and the spring damper of embodiment 1.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view (partially cut-away crank) of the crank-connecting rod assembly of embodiment 1.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the slide assembly of embodiment 1.

Fig. 5 is a front view of the ramp assembly of embodiment 1.

Fig. 6 is a left side view of the ramp assembly of embodiment 1.

Fig. 7 is a front view (partially cut away) of the ramp assembly of embodiment 1.

Fig. 8 is a left side view (partially cut away) of the ramp assembly of example 1.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the unidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly in example 1.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the unidirectional sedimentation trim assembly of example 1 (with the first trim mount hidden).

Fig. 11 is a state diagram of the first guide frame of fig. 10 partially cut away.

FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the unidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly of example 1.

Fig. 13 is a front view of the omni-directional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly in example 2.

Fig. 14 is a section A-A of fig. 13.

Fig. 15 is a rear view of the omni-directional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly in example 2.

Wherein: 100. a base; 200. a drive assembly; 210. a motor; 220. a commutator; 230. a torque sensor; 300. a crank-connecting rod assembly; 310. a support bearing seat; 320. a crank; 330. a connecting rod; 331. an annular buckle; 340. a cross head; 341. a cross pin; 350. a piston rod; 351. loading a nut; 360. bearing bush; 370. loading a spring; 400. a slideway assembly; 410. a slide way is arranged; 420. a glidepath; 421. a guide groove; 422. a slider groove; 430. a guide shaft; 440. an adjusting shaft; 450. a slideway locking bolt; 451. a slide block; 460. a slideway lock nut; 470. a sliding sheet; 500. a unidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly; 510. a first fine tuning support; 520. a fine tuning frame; 530. a first guide frame; 540. a first wedge block; 550. a first fine tuning bolt; 560. a first collar; 561. a first support bar; 562. mounting a cross bar; 563. a return spring; 564. a first ball; 600. a spring damper; 700. an omnidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly; 710. a second fine tuning support; 720. a turntable; 730. a second guide frame; 740. a second wedge block; 750. a second fine tuning bolt; 760. a second collar; 761. a second support bar; 762. a second ball; 770. a synchronous belt; 780. a guide wheel; 790. fine tuning the locking bolt.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 to 12, the comprehensive fault experiment table for reciprocating machinery of the present embodiment includes a base 100, a driving assembly 200, a crank link assembly 300, a slide assembly 400, a unidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly 500, and a spring damper 600;

as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the crank-link assembly 300 includes a bearing housing 310, a crank 320, a link 330, a cross head 340, a piston rod 350, a bushing 360, and a loading spring 370, two bearing housings 310 are mounted on the base 100, and the crank 320 is mounted on the bearing housing 310; as shown in fig. 1, the driving assembly 200 includes a motor 210 and a commutator 220, an output shaft of the motor 210 is connected to the commutator 220 and drives a crank 320 to rotate, and a torque sensor 230 is installed between the commutator 220 and the crank 320 to monitor torque of the crank 320;

as shown in fig. 3, one end of a connecting rod 330 is provided with a hinged annular buckle 331, a bearing bush 360 is sleeved on a crank 320, the connecting rod 330 is fixed on the bearing bush 360 through the annular buckle 331, a cross pin 341 is arranged in a cross head 340, the other end of the connecting rod 330 is hinged on the cross pin 341 in the cross head 340, one end of a piston rod 350 is connected with the cross head 340, and the piston rod 350 is in a horizontal posture; the loading spring 370 is sleeved on the piston rod 350, a loading nut 351 is arranged on the piston rod 350, and the loading spring 370 is positioned between the loading nut 351 and the unidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly 500; as the piston rod 350 moves, the piston rod 350 compresses the loading spring 370 through the loading nut 351, i.e., the loading spring 370 applies a load to the piston rod 350; the end of the piston rod 350 is connected to the spring damper 600;

as shown in fig. 4 to 8, the slide assembly 400 includes an upper slide 410, a lower slide 420, a guide shaft 430, an adjusting shaft 440, a slide locking bolt 450, a slide locking nut 460 and a slide 470, the lower slide 420 is L-shaped and provided with a guide groove 421 in a dovetail shape in a vertical direction, the upper slide 410 is inserted into the guide groove 421, one slide 470 is installed on each of the upper slide 410 and the lower slide 420, and the crosshead 340 slides between the two slides 470; the guide shaft 430 is inserted into the upper slide 410 and the lower slide 420, the adjusting shaft 440 is parallel to the guide shaft 430, two sections of threads are arranged on the adjusting shaft 440, the adjusting shaft 440 is respectively in threaded connection with the upper slide 410 and the lower slide 420 by using the two sections of threads, and the pitches of the two sections of threads are different; the slide locking bolt 450 passes through the upper slide 410 and the lower slide 420 from the side surface, the slide locking nut 460 is sleeved on the slide locking bolt 450, the slide locking bolt 450 is also sleeved with a slide block 451, the side surface of the lower slide 420 is provided with a slide block groove 422, the slide block 451 is positioned in the slide block groove 422, and the dimension of the slide block groove 422 in the vertical direction is larger than that of the slide block 451 so that the slide block 451 can generate displacement in the vertical direction in the slide block groove 422 to adapt to the up-and-down movement of the upper slide 410;

when the adjusting shaft 440 is rotated, the adjusting shaft 440 and the upper slide 410 are integrally displaced in a vertical direction with respect to the lower slide 420, and at the same time, the upper slide 410 is displaced in a vertical direction with respect to the adjusting shaft 440; because the pitch of the threads of the connection between the adjustment shaft 440 and the upper and

lower runners

410, 420 is different, the upper runner 410 must be displaced relative to the lower runner 420; that is, the distance between the upper and

lower runners

410, 420 can be changed by rotating the adjustment shaft 440, and when the adjustment shaft 440 rotates one turn, the distance between the upper and

lower runners

410, 420 is changed by a value equal to the difference between the two pitches;

as shown in fig. 9 to 12, the unidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly 500 includes a first fine adjustment support 510, a fine adjustment frame 520, a first guide frame 530, a first wedge block 540, a first fine adjustment bolt 550, and a first collar 560, the fine adjustment frame 520 being installed in the first fine adjustment support 510, the first guide frame 530 being installed in the fine adjustment frame 520, the first wedge block 540 being located in the first guide frame 530, the first fine adjustment bolt 550 being threadedly connected with the first wedge block 540 and driving the first wedge block 540 to translate within the first guide frame 530, the first guide frame 530 limiting the first wedge block 540 to translate only along the length direction of the first fine adjustment bolt 550;

the first collar 560 is provided with a first supporting rod 561 and a mounting cross rod 562, the first collar 560 is positioned under the first wedge block 540, the first supporting rod 561 is in a vertical state, the first collar 560 is mounted in the first fine adjustment support 510 through the mounting cross rod 562, a reset spring 563 is arranged between the mounting cross rod 562 and the first fine adjustment support 510, the top end of the first supporting rod 561 contacts the wedge surface of the first wedge block 540, and the top end of the first supporting rod 561 is provided with a first ball 564; the piston rod 350 passes horizontally through the first collar 560;

as shown in fig. 12, when the user rotates the first trimming bolt 550, the first wedge 540 translates, and the wedge surface of the first wedge 540 drives the first collar 560 to displace in the vertical direction through the first supporting rod 561, so that the piston rod 350 is eccentric downward.

The comprehensive fault experiment table for the reciprocating machinery is mainly used for simulating three common faults in the reciprocating machinery:

first kind of failure: bearing bush 360 wear failure; the specific method is that the annular buckle 331 shown in fig. 3 is opened, the two-flap bearing bush 360 is taken out, the bearing bush 360 is replaced by the bearing bush 360 with lower thickness, and a gap is generated between the bearing bush 360 and the crank 320;

second failure: wear failure of the crosshead 340; the specific method comprises the following steps: rotating the adjustment shaft 440 as shown in fig. 7 increases the distance between the upper slide 410 and the lower slide 420, thereby increasing the gap between the crosshead 340 and the slide 470, simulating a fault after the crosshead 340 wears in a real situation;

third failure: the piston rod 350 is out of center; the specific method comprises the following steps: rotating the first fine tuning bolt 550 shown in fig. 12, translating the first wedge block 540, and driving the first collar 560 to generate vertical displacement by the wedge surface of the first wedge block 540 through the first supporting rod 561, so that the piston rod 350 is eccentric, and the piston rod 350 is not centered to simulate a fault;

the comprehensive fault experiment table for reciprocating machinery of the embodiment can simulate any one or more of the three faults.

Example 2

This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that the unidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly 500 of embodiment 1 is replaced with an omnidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly 700 as shown in fig. 13 to 15, specifically including a second fine adjustment holder 710, a turntable 720, a second guide frame 730, a second wedge 740, a second fine adjustment bolt 750, a second collar 760, a timing belt 770, a guide wheel 780, and a fine adjustment locking bolt 790; two turntables 720 are parallel to each other and connected by two plates 721, the turntables 720 are perforated in the middle, the turntables 720 are mounted in the second trimming holders 710, and the turntables 720 are rotatable in the second trimming holders 710; a fine tuning locking bolt 790 is mounted on the second fine tuning support 710 and abuts against the edge of the turntable 720, the fine tuning locking bolt 790 being used to lock the turntable 720; for ease of illustration, second wedge 740, second trim bolt 750, and trim lock bolt 790 are not cut away in fig. 14;

two second guide frames 730 are fixed at two ends of one diameter of the turntable 720, one second wedge block 740 is arranged in each second guide frame 730, two second fine adjustment bolts 750 penetrate through the turntable 720 and are respectively in threaded connection with the two second wedge blocks 740, and the second guide frames 730 limit the second wedge blocks 740 to translate along the length direction of the second fine adjustment bolts 750; the two second wedge blocks 740 are identical in shape but opposite in inclination of the wedge faces;

the second collar 760 is provided with two second support rods 761 with opposite directions, the top ends of the two second support rods 761 respectively contact the wedge-shaped surfaces of the two second wedge-shaped blocks 740, and the top ends of the two second support rods 761 are provided with second balls 762; the piston rod 350 passes horizontally through the second collar 760;

the end of the second fine tuning bolt 750 is provided with a synchronizing tooth, the surface of the turntable 720 is provided with a guide wheel 780, and the synchronizing belt 770 is wound around the two second fine tuning bolts 750 and the guide wheel 780, so that the synchronizing belt 770 always synchronously rotates the two second fine tuning bolts 750;

when a user rotates any one of the second fine tuning bolts 750, the two second fine tuning bolts 750 synchronously rotate, so that the two second wedge blocks 740 synchronously move horizontally, and the wedge surfaces of the second wedge blocks 740 move between the two second wedge surfaces, so that the piston rod 350 moves radially, namely the piston rod 350 is eccentric;

since the turntable 720 in the present embodiment can rotate, the second fine tuning bolt 750, the second wedge 740 and the second collar 760 can all rotate relative to the piston rod 350, which means that the second collar 760 can make the piston rod 350 eccentric in any direction; the concrete steps are as follows: the connection line of the two second fine tuning bolts 750 is in a vertical state as shown in fig. 13, and the piston rod 350 can only generate eccentricity in the vertical direction; if the turntable 720 in fig. 13 is rotated, the connection line of the two second fine tuning bolts 750 can be converted into a horizontal state or other inclined state of any angle, and the piston rod 350 can be eccentric in any direction.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been described in the specification, these embodiments are presented only, and should not limit the scope of the present invention. Various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of examples are intended in the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive fault experiment table for reciprocating machinery is characterized in that: comprises a base (100), a driving component (200), a crank connecting rod component (300) and a slideway component (400);

the crank connecting rod assembly (300) comprises a bearing pedestal (310), a crank (320), a connecting rod (330), a cross head (340) and a piston rod (350), wherein the bearing pedestal (310) is arranged on the base (100), the crank (320) is arranged on the bearing pedestal (310), the driving assembly (200) drives the crank (320) to rotate, one end of the connecting rod (330) is hinged with the crank (320), the other end is hinged with the cross head (340), and one end of the piston rod (350) is connected with the cross head (340); the slide assembly (400) comprises an upper slide (410), a lower slide (420), a guide shaft (430), an adjusting shaft (440), a slide locking bolt (450), a slide locking nut (460) and a slide sheet (470), wherein the lower slide (420) is L-shaped and is provided with a guide groove (421) in the vertical direction, the upper slide (410) is inserted into the guide groove (421), the upper slide (410) and the lower slide (420) are respectively provided with one slide sheet (470), and the cross head (340) slides between the two slide sheets (470); the guide shaft (430) is inserted into the upper slide way (410) and the lower slide way (420), the adjusting shaft (440) is parallel to the guide shaft (430), two sections of threads are arranged on the adjusting shaft (440), the adjusting shaft (440) is respectively in threaded connection with the upper slide way (410) and the lower slide way (420) by utilizing the two sections of threads, and the pitches of the two sections of threads are different; the slide locking bolt (450) passes through the upper slide (410) and the lower slide (420) from the side surface, and the slide locking nut (460) is sleeved on the slide locking bolt (450).

2. The comprehensive fault laboratory bench for reciprocating machinery according to claim 1, wherein: the device also comprises a unidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly (500);

the unidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly (500) comprises a first fine adjustment support (510), a fine adjustment frame (520), a first guide frame (530), a first wedge block (540), a first fine adjustment bolt (550) and a first collar (560), wherein the fine adjustment frame (520) is installed in the first fine adjustment support (510), the first guide frame (530) is installed in the fine adjustment frame (520), the first wedge block (540) is located in the first guide frame (530), and the first fine adjustment bolt (550) is in threaded connection with the first wedge block (540) and drives the first wedge block (540) to translate in the first guide frame (530);

be provided with first bracing piece (561) and installation horizontal pole (562) on first lantern ring (560), first lantern ring (560) are installed in first fine setting support (510) through installation horizontal pole (562), are provided with reset spring (563) between installation horizontal pole (562) and first fine setting support (510), the wedge face of first wedge (540) is contacted on the top of first bracing piece (561).

3. The comprehensive fault laboratory bench for reciprocating machinery according to claim 2, wherein: the top end of the first supporting rod (561) is provided with a first ball (564).

4. The comprehensive fault laboratory bench for reciprocating machinery according to claim 1, wherein: also comprises an omnidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly (700);

the omnidirectional sedimentation fine adjustment assembly (700) comprises a second fine adjustment support (710), a turntable (720), a second guide frame (730), a second wedge block (740), a second fine adjustment bolt (750), a second collar (760), a synchronous belt (770) and a guide wheel (780); two turntables (720) are parallel to each other and connected through two flat plates, the middle of each turntable (720) is provided with an opening, and each turntable (720) is arranged in a second fine tuning support (710);

two second guide frames (730) are fixed at two ends of one diameter of the turntable (720), a second wedge block (740) is arranged in each second guide frame (730), and two second fine tuning bolts (750) penetrate through the turntable (720) and are respectively connected with the two second wedge blocks (740) in a threaded mode;

the two second wedge blocks (740) are identical in shape but opposite in inclination direction of the wedge faces;

two second support rods (761) with opposite directions are arranged on the second lantern ring (760), and the top ends of the two second support rods (761) are respectively contacted with the wedge-shaped surfaces of the two second wedge-shaped blocks (740);

the tail end of the second fine tuning bolt (750) is provided with a synchronous tooth, the surface of the turntable (720) is provided with a guide wheel (780), and the synchronous belt (770) is wound around the two second fine tuning bolts (750) and the guide wheel (780).

5. The comprehensive fault experiment table for reciprocating machinery according to claim 4, wherein: the top end of the second support rod (761) is provided with a second ball (762).

6. The comprehensive fault experiment table for reciprocating machinery according to claim 5, wherein: the omni-directional sedimentation trim assembly (700) further includes trim lock bolts (790), the trim lock bolts (790) mounted on the second trim mount (710) and abutting against the edge of the turntable (720).

7. The comprehensive fault laboratory bench for reciprocating machinery according to claim 1, wherein: the crank connecting rod assembly (300) further comprises a loading spring (370) for loading the piston rod (350), and the loading spring (370) is sleeved on the piston rod (350).

8. The comprehensive fault laboratory bench for reciprocating machinery according to claim 1, wherein: the crank connecting rod assembly (300) further comprises a bearing bush (360), one end of the connecting rod (330) is provided with a hinged annular buckle (331), the bearing bush (360) is sleeved on the crank (320), and the connecting rod (330) is fixed on the bearing bush (360) through the annular buckle (331).

9. The comprehensive fault laboratory bench for reciprocating machinery according to claim 1, wherein: the driving assembly (200) comprises a motor (210) and a commutator (220), and an output shaft of the motor (210) is connected with the commutator (220) and drives a crank (320) to rotate.

10. The comprehensive fault laboratory bench for reciprocating machinery according to claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic piston rod is characterized by further comprising a spring damper (600), wherein the spring damper (600) is arranged on the base (100), and the other end of the piston rod (350) is connected with the spring damper (600).