CN115342919A - Real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system and method based on acousto-optic tunable filter - Google Patents
Real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system and method based on acousto-optic tunable filter Download PDFInfo
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- G01J4/00—Measuring polarisation of light
Abstract
The invention provides a real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system and method based on an acousto-optic tunable filter, and aims to solve the technical problems that the matching condition of an optical device in a detection system is strict, the detection precision is inaccurate, and the detection system cannot be widely applied to real-time detection of a moving target in the existing polarization detection technology. The method combines the polarization technology with the hyperspectral imaging technology, adds a polarization detection device on a hyperspectral imaging system, cooperates with a corresponding polarization modulation device and a polarization measurement algorithm, obtains a plurality of polarization component images of a target under a single wavelength through one-time exposure, can obtain hyperspectral intensity maps of four polarization directions of a moving target under any wavelength within a wavelength tuning range in real time, and obtains full Stokes vectors through calculation so as to further obtain parameters of the polarization degree, the polarization angle, the ellipticity angle and the like of the measured target. The invention is not only suitable for detecting static targets, but also suitable for detecting moving targets in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hyperspectral polarized imaging, in particular to a real-time hyperspectral polarized imaging system and method based on an acousto-optic tunable filter.
Background
Imaging detection is an important means for obtaining target image information, and is widely applied in various fields such as target identification, geological exploration, map drawing, satellite remote sensing, medicine, monitoring, industrial and agricultural production and the like. Conventional imaging techniques primarily collect spectral and intensity information from the target radiation. When the target is in the background with the radiation intensity equivalent to that of the target, the target is submerged under the influence of a complex background signal, or when the target is underwater, the image contrast is reduced due to the scattering of water and the reflection of the water surface, so that the observation and identification of the target object are influenced, particularly for the hidden or disguised target, the traditional intensity imaging technology cannot be used for effectively detecting and identifying the hidden or disguised target. To enable the identification and capture of objects of interest in these complex background use environments, new imaging technologies need to be developed. As imaging technology continues to evolve, the importance of polarization information of objects in object detection and identification is increasingly recognized. The imaging polarization spectrum technology is a very important means for acquiring information, and not only can well distinguish low reflection areas and contours on a target, but also can identify three-dimensional information of a detected target under a complex background environment, and since a ground object target in the ground surface or the atmosphere generates specific polarization information determined by the characteristics of the ground object target in the processes of reflecting, scattering, transmitting and radiating electromagnetic waves, the polarization characteristics of the target can provide information such as surface roughness, texture trend, surface orientation, electrical conductivity, physical and chemical properties of materials and the like. There will be some difference in polarization information generated by different objects, even the same object in different states. The existence or state of the target object can be determined by observing the polarization characteristics of the target, for example, if the hidden or disguised target has the same intensity information with the background, the conventional imaging means is difficult to detect, and the polarization technology is adopted, so that the target object can be effectively identified and observed according to the difference between the polarization state and the background. The polarization technology can be used for reducing the influence of a disordered background, detecting useful information in a complex radiation environment and effectively improving the target detection and identification capacity. The polarization technology is combined with the imaging technology, namely the optical intensity imaging and the polarization technology are organically combined, two-dimensional space position information of a target object and the polarization state of a measurement target can be simultaneously obtained, the polarization characteristic of target radiation or reflected light is related to the internal structure or surface characteristics of the object, compared with the intensity imaging, three dimensions (polarization degree, polarization direction and polarization ellipticity) are increased in the polarization imaging, the information content is greatly improved, the physical and chemical characteristics of the target can be analyzed by utilizing the polarization characteristic of the target radiation, transmission, reflection or scattered light, and the target can be effectively observed and identified by combining the space characteristic. Therefore, the polarization imaging technology has received much attention and has become one of the leading directions of the development of the current generation of imaging remote sensing technology. At present, polarization measurement has important application in the fields of biomedicine, materials science, optical element manufacturing, target identification, astronomy, ocean exploration, computer vision, remote sensing and the like.
There are many description modes for polarized light, including trigonometric function method, jones vector method, stokes vector method and bongar sphere mapping method. The Jones vector method and the Stokes vector method both adopt a vector to represent light in a specific polarization state, utilize a matrix to describe the transmission characteristic of the medium to the polarized light, can describe the transmission process of the light in the medium very conveniently through multiplication between the matrices, and can be applied to automatic calculation of a computer. Relative to the Jones vector, the Stokes vector may not only describe completenessThe polarized light can also describe partial polarized light and completely unpolarized light, and four elements of a Stokes vector are real numbers, so that the calculation is more convenient, and the Stokes vector is mostly adopted to represent the polarization state of the light in the polarized light measurement field. The Stokes vector has four parameters, S respectively 0 、S 1 、S 2 、S 3 Which is defined by the formula:
in the formula S 0 Or I represents the intensity of the light wave, i.e. the original light intensity information without the addition of an analyzing device; s 1 Representing the difference in intensity of the horizontally polarized component and the vertically polarized component of the light wave; s 2 Representing the difference between the intensity of the polarization component of the light wave in the 45 ° direction and the polarization component in the 135 ° direction; s 3 Representing the difference in intensity of the right-hand circularly polarized component and the left-hand circularly polarized component of the light wave. Calculating the degree of polarization DOP, the angle of polarization AOP and the ellipticity angle W according to the Stokes vector, wherein the degrees of polarization DOP, the angle of polarization AOP and the angle of ellipticity W are respectively as follows:
with the development of target detection technology, incomplete polarization imaging systems are increasingly unable to meet the requirements of modern target detection and identification, and circular polarization components of targets are also very important, especially in applications of observing artificial metal targets or underwater targets. Initial full-polarization imaging systems employed time-sequential imaging methods, i.e., multiple polarization component maps of the target were acquired sequentially in time series. According to the polarization measurement theory, a plurality of polarization component images of the target must be obtained under the same condition, and the correctness of the time sequence polarization imaging result depends on that the target and the camera are in a static state and the light radiation environment is unchanged in the whole imaging process. When the target is collected, multiple times of shooting and imaging are needed, the error caused by the system is large, and the false polarization information is excessive. However, in practical use environments, the camera or video camera may be in motion, or may need to detect moving objects, and errors or even false polarization information may be introduced when measuring using time-series measurements. When the polarization imaging system and the target move relatively or a shooting scene is a dynamic condition, the time-sharing imaging system cannot meet the requirement of the use scene.
The basic principle of the hyperspectral detection technology is to collect the reflection or radiation data of a detected target in a large number of adjacent or overlapped dense spectral bands, the hyperspectral detection technology is a comprehensive subject combining optics, electronics, spectroscopy, image processing, precision mechanics and computer science technologies, the spatial resolution of an imaging sensor and the spectral resolution of a spectrometer can be effectively combined, and meanwhile, the hyperspectral detection technology is a product of an imaging system perfectly combining the spectroscopic technology and the spectral image processing technology. The hyperspectral remote sensing image data can provide rich space structure information and numerous spectral information of the identified target, and can also provide surface two-dimensional data of the identified target and third-dimensional spectral data of pixels corresponding to any area in the detected space. The more spectral bands in the unit wavelength range, that is, the smaller the minimum wavelength interval that can be resolved, the narrower the spectral bandwidth, the higher the corresponding spectral resolution, and the more continuous and smoother the obtained spectral curve, the closer the characteristic of the identified target is to the real. The hyperspectral imaging technology can obtain more characteristic information of a measured target than multispectral remote sensing, and has attracted wide attention of many scientists in the field of remote sensing, so that the hyperspectral imaging technology is developed rapidly in recent decades. The basic principle of the hyperspectral imaging detection technology is spectroscopy, however, spectroscopy is initially applied to research of basic structures of molecules and atoms in the beginning of the last century, and the hyperspectral imaging technology in the field of remote sensing is gradually formed through more than sixty years of development. In actual military camouflage target identification or atmospheric environment monitoring application, a detected target needs to be deeply analyzed in detail, however, the multispectral remote sensing technology can only provide a limited few or dozens of spectral bands, which is far from being capable of accurately judging the target and cannot meet the actual requirements, the hyperspectral imaging technology can obtain a large amount of continuous spectral information in the ultraviolet, visible light, near infrared, short wave red and even medium and long wave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, and can provide dozens or hundreds of narrow band spectral data with spectral width smaller than 10nm for each pixel of the detected target, so that a complete and continuous spectral curve can be described, and the hyperspectral imaging technology is also a basic cause of high-speed development of the hyperspectral imaging technology. The imaging principle of the spectral imaging instrument mainly includes prism grating dispersion type spectral imaging instrument, interference type spectral imaging instrument, filter type spectral imaging instrument, computed tomography spectral imaging instrument, binary optical element spectral imaging technology and the like according to different light splitting modes. The basic performances of the spectral imager, such as resolution, imaging quality and the like, are directly determined by a core component, namely a light beam dispersion unit, in the spectral imager.
An Acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is a novel light splitting element in which ultrasonic waves and light waves can generate Acousto-optic effect in an anisotropic medium. The AOTF mainly comprises an acousto-optic medium, a piezoelectric transducer, an absorber and a frequency driver. The ultrasonic driver emits an ultrasonic signal with a certain frequency, and the ultrasonic signal is input into an acousto-optic medium through the piezoelectric transducer, so that an ultrasonic grating is formed in the acousto-optic medium. When the incident light wave and the ultrasonic wave meet the momentum matching condition, a nonlinear effect occurs in the medium, and a diffraction light wave is generated. This process is equivalent to the process in which the incident light wave is diffracted into narrow-band diffracted light after passing through the "ultrasonic grating". It can also be explained that the process of selecting a single wavelength of light from a broadband light source after passing through the optical dispersion element AOTF is generally called acousto-optic modulation. Compared with the traditional light splitting device, the solid band-pass filter has the following remarkable advantages:
(1) The wavelength tuning is stable, reliable and wide in range;
(2) The switching speed of the diffraction spectrum output wavelength is high, and is usually only a few microseconds;
(3) A very high extinction ratio can be obtained;
(4) The working mode is flexible and various, has the modes of single-point scanning, continuous scanning, random scanning, multi-point scanning and the like, and is very suitable for working in the fields of multispectral imaging and hyperspectral imaging;
(5) The output of parameters such as wavelength or intensity of the diffracted light can be selected by utilizing a computer to control the electric signal;
(6) The imaging device has larger incident light angle aperture and output aperture, and is very suitable for being applied to imaging;
(7) The whole weight is light, the volume is small, all elements are solid structures, no moving parts are provided, the anti-interference capability is strong, and the device is suitable for being applied to airborne systems, satellite-borne systems and other systems;
(8) The light transmission quantity is large, and the spectral resolution and the diffraction efficiency of the diffraction light in the tuning range are high;
(9) The power consumption is very low, typically less than 2W;
the AOTF has a strong advantage compared with other conventional spectroscopic elements, and thus has a great potential for applications in many optical studies, especially in the fields of life sciences and aerospace. Because the wavelength tuning range can be from an ultraviolet band to a long-wave infrared region, and the wavelength switching speed is high, the new momentum of the AOTF as a light splitting element is developed at a high speed in recent decades, and the AOTF becomes an indispensable core device in spectral imaging application. AOTF can be classified into a collinear design and a non-collinear design according to the acousto-optic interaction mode. The collinear design is that incident light wave vectors and ultrasonic wave vectors are collinear and diffracted light wave vectors are collinear, after the incident light and the ultrasonic wave are subjected to acousto-optic interaction, generated diffracted light and transmitted light are transmitted in the same direction, and because the polarization directions of the incident light and the ultrasonic wave are mutually vertical, the incident light and the transmitted light can be separated by utilizing light transmission, ultrasonic wave reflection or light reflection and ultrasonic wave transmission modes. The tunable acousto-optic filter has the advantages of non-collinear design, excellent performance and the widest application range, can be used for manufacturing a large-aperture acousto-optic tunable filter by causing momentum mismatch, and is widely applied to spectral analysis, optical image acquisition, real-time monitoring of atmospheric pollution, polychromatic light information analysis, coherent light source scanning, wavelength division multiplexing technology and imaging polarization detection.
The traditional full polarization imaging system adopts a time sequence measurement method, namely a plurality of polarization component images of a detected target are acquired in time sequence, the plurality of polarization component images of the target must be acquired under the same condition, the correctness of the time sequence polarization imaging result depends on that the target and a detection system are in a static state or a relative static state in the whole imaging process, and the light radiation environment is unchanged. However, in practical use environments, the detector may be in motion, or the target actually detected is a moving target, and then errors and even false polarization information may be introduced when measuring by using time-series measurement. For this reason, it is necessary to develop a real-time polarization detection technique, in which a plurality of polarization component images of the object are obtained through one exposure.
A typical real-time polarization detection technique is a sub-aperture polarization imaging system, which consists of a polarization element and a lens array. The system is a secondary imaging system, light reflected by a target at a certain moment enters the system, is divided into 4 channels through a polarization channel and an aperture-dividing imaging system, and the 4 beams of light are imaged on a focal plane of a detector by utilizing a relay imaging system.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the matching condition of an optical device in a detection system is strict, the detection precision is inaccurate and the detection system cannot be widely applied to real-time detection of a moving target in the existing polarization detection technology, and provides a real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system and method based on an acousto-optic tunable filter.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system based on an acousto-optic tunable filter is characterized in that: the device comprises a front beam collimation system, a broadband beam splitter, a first detection unit, a second detection unit, a first ultrasonic radio-frequency driver, a second ultrasonic radio-frequency driver and a computer, wherein the front beam collimation system, the broadband beam splitter, the first detection unit, the second detection unit, the first ultrasonic radio-frequency driver, the second ultrasonic radio-frequency driver and the computer are arranged on an incident light path; the computer is respectively connected with the first detection unit, the second detection unit, the first ultrasonic radio-frequency driver and the second ultrasonic radio-frequency driver and is used for controlling the first ultrasonic radio-frequency driver and the second ultrasonic radio-frequency driver to transmit ultrasonic waves and processing the polarization information detected by the first detection unit and the second detection unit;
the incident light is compressed and collimated by the front light beam collimation system and enters the broadband beam splitter, and the light is split to form unpolarized transmitted light and unpolarized reflected light; the first detection unit comprises a first acousto-optic tunable filter, a first wedge prism, a first detector, a second wedge prism and a second detector; the unpolarized transmitted light enters the first acousto-optic tunable filter, and the unpolarized transmitted light and the ultrasonic wave emitted by the first ultrasonic radio-frequency driver in the first acousto-optic tunable filter generate acousto-optic interaction to generate first polarized diffracted light and second polarized diffracted light respectively; the first wedge prism and the first detector are sequentially arranged on the first polarization diffraction light path, and the second wedge prism and the second detector are sequentially arranged on the second polarization diffraction light path; the output ends of the first detector and the second detector are respectively connected with a computer;
the second detection unit comprises a beam transverse separator, a first half-wave plate, a second acousto-optic adjustable filter, a third wedge prism, a fourth wedge prism, a third detector and a fourth detector; the non-polarized reflected light enters the beam transverse separator to form two beams of parallel light with orthogonal polarization directions, the first half-wave plate and the second half-wave plate are respectively arranged on light paths of the two beams of parallel light, and the two beams of parallel light and ultrasonic waves emitted by the second ultrasonic radio-frequency driver generate acousto-optic interaction in the second acoustic light adjustable filter to respectively generate third polarized diffraction light and fourth polarized diffraction light; the third wedge prism and the third detector are sequentially arranged on a third polarization diffraction light path, and the fourth wedge prism and the fourth detector are sequentially arranged on a fourth polarization diffraction light path; and the output ends of the third detector and the fourth detector are respectively connected with a computer.
Further, the first acousto-optic tunable filter is perpendicular to the direction of the optical axis of the unpolarized transmission light;
the beam transverse separator is perpendicular to the direction of the optical axis of the non-polarized reflected light.
Further, the intensity and frequency of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the first ultrasonic radio-frequency driver and the second ultrasonic radio-frequency driver are the same.
Furthermore, the beam transverse separator is formed by gluing a right-angle prism and a parallelogram prism, a semi-transparent and semi-reflective polarization beam splitting film is plated on a gluing surface AB, 50% of incident beams penetrate through the gluing surface AB, and 50% of the incident beams are reflected by the gluing surface AB to form two beams of parallel polarized light with orthogonal polarization directions;
a reflecting surface CD, opposite to the bonding surface AB, of the parallelogram prism is plated with a high-reflection film, and the reflectivity is 100%;
and the exit surfaces BE and BD of the right-angle prism and the parallelogram prism of the beam transverse separator for beam exit are coated with antireflection films.
Furthermore, the cutting direction, the physical size, the coating type, the size and the position of the acousto-optic interaction medium of the first acousto-optic tunable filter and the acousto-optic interaction medium of the second acousto-optic tunable filter are the same; the incident angle, the incident angle of ultrasonic waves and the optical aperture angle parameter of incident light of the first acousto-optic tunable filter and the second acousto-optic tunable filter are the same;
the first ultrasonic radio-frequency driver and the second ultrasonic radio-frequency driver have the same performance indexes, specifically, the cross section, the density, the voltage and the current of an electric end, the acting force of an acoustic end, the vibration speed of mass points, and finally formed acoustic impedance, half-wavelength frequency, relative thickness and phase shift are the same.
Further, the polarization directions of the first polarization diffraction light and the second polarization diffraction light are vertical;
the polarization directions of the third polarization diffraction light and the fourth polarization diffraction light are vertical.
Further, the broadband beam splitter adopts a broadband non-polarizing beam splitter, and the light splitting proportion is 50% to 50%;
the first detector, the second detector, the third detector and the fourth detector are all area array detectors;
the first wedge prism, the second wedge prism, the third wedge prism and the fourth wedge prism are respectively and fixedly arranged at the imaging positions of the first detector, the second detector, the third detector and the fourth detector.
The invention also provides a real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging method based on the acousto-optic tunable filter, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1), building the real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system based on the acousto-optic tunable filter, wherein a front-mounted light beam collimation system collects reflected light, radiant light or transmitted light of a far-field target, and the reflected light, the radiant light or the transmitted light is compressed and collimated by the light beam collimation system and then enters a broadband beam splitter;
step 2), controlling a first ultrasonic radio frequency driver through a computer, enabling ultrasonic waves emitted by the first ultrasonic radio frequency driver to meet a momentum matching condition with non-polarized transmitted light transmitted by a broadband beam splitter in a first acousto-optic tunable filter, generating acousto-optic interaction, achieving equivalent balance, and generating + 1-order first polarized diffraction light and-1-order second polarized diffraction light;
step 3), performing dispersion compensation on the first polarization diffraction light and the second polarization diffraction light through a first wedge prism and a second wedge prism respectively, and receiving the spectral information of the first polarization diffraction light and the second polarization diffraction light by using a first detector and a second detector and transmitting the spectral information to a computer;
step 4), enabling the non-polarized reflected light reflected by the broadband beam splitter to vertically enter the beam transverse separator, and changing the polarization direction through the first half-wave plate and the second half-wave plate respectively to form two beams of polarized light which are parallel and have orthogonal polarization directions;
step 5), controlling a second ultrasonic radio frequency driver through a computer, enabling ultrasonic waves emitted by the second ultrasonic radio frequency driver to meet a momentum matching condition with two beams of polarized light which are parallel to each other and have orthogonal polarization directions in a second acoustic tunable filter, generating acoustic-optical interaction, achieving equivalent balance, and generating + 1-order third polarization diffraction light and-1-order fourth polarization diffraction light;
step 6), respectively carrying out dispersion compensation on the third polarization diffraction light and the fourth polarization diffraction light through a third wedge prism and a fourth wedge prism, receiving the spectrum information of the third polarization diffraction light and the fourth polarization diffraction light by using a third detector and a fourth detector, and transmitting the spectrum information to a computer;
and 7) calculating to obtain the polarization degree DOP, the polarization angle AOP and the ellipticity angle W parameters of the far-field target according to the spectral polarization information of the four detectors in different polarization directions.
Further, in step 2) and step 5), the momentum matching and equivalence balancing refers to: the ultrasonic wave simultaneously generates acousto-optic interaction with incident o light and incident e light, and the intensities of the two beams of diffracted light are the same.
Further, in step 7), calculating and obtaining parameters of the polarization degree DOP, the polarization angle AOP and the ellipticity angle W of the far-field target by using a Stokes vector method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system based on the acousto-optic tunable filter combines a polarization technology with a hyperspectral imaging technology, adds a polarization detection device on the hyperspectral imaging system, and is matched with a corresponding polarization modulation device and a polarization measurement algorithm to measure each polarization component of light of a moving target so as to obtain partial or all polarization state information of the measured light, wherein the polarization state information is usually a vector image or a matrix image and is used for representing the polarization state of the measured light.
2. The real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging method based on the acousto-optic tunable filter can further obtain more polarization parameter images such as images of polarization degree, polarization angle, ellipticity angle, polarization transmission characteristic, depolarization characteristic and the like by analyzing and calculating the polarization information image of the light of the moving target, the result can be used for analyzing the shape, roughness, medium property, even biochemistry and other characteristic information of the measured object, and a plurality of highlight skin polarization component images of the target can be obtained by one-time exposure.
3. The real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging method based on the acousto-optic tunable filter can detect not only a static target but also a moving target in real time. A plurality of polarization component images of the target under a single wavelength are obtained through one-time exposure, a hyperspectral intensity image of the moving target in four polarization directions under any wavelength in a wavelength tuning range can be obtained in real time, a full Stokes vector is obtained through calculation, and parameters such as the polarization degree, the polarization angle and the ellipticity angle of the measured target are further obtained. This real-time high spectrum polarization imaging system combines together high spectrum and polarization technique, has polarization imaging detection precision height, does not receive the influence of surveying target and system self motion and external environment disturbance, and detection speed is fast, can be used to the detection of fast moving object, and the system need not manual tune, does not have movable part, and all solid-state, stability and reliability improve greatly.
4. The real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging method based on the acousto-optic tunable filter has the advantages of high polarization imaging detection precision, no influence of mutual movement of a detected target and a system and disturbance of an external environment, high detection speed, no moving device in an imaging system and great improvement on stability and reliability, and can be used for detecting a fast moving target.
5. The real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging method based on the acousto-optic tunable filter provided by the invention not only has the advantages of wide band, compact structure, simple image processing and the like, but also has the potential of enhancing the target detection and identification capabilities.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system based on an acousto-optic tunable filter according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a beam splitter according to an embodiment of the present invention;
reference numerals:
1-a front beam collimation system, 2-a broadband beam splitter, 3-a first acousto-optic tunable filter, 4-a first wedge prism, 5-a first detector, 6-a second wedge prism, 7-a second detector, 8-a first ultrasonic radio frequency driver, 9-a beam transverse separator, 10-a first half wave plate, 11-a second half wave plate, 12-a second acousto-optic tunable filter, 13-a third wedge prism, 14-a fourth wedge prism, 15-a third detector, 16-a fourth detector, 17-a second ultrasonic radio frequency driver and 18-a computer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, advantages and features of the present invention clearer, the following provides a real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system and method based on an acousto-optic tunable filter in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1, the real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system based on an acousto-optic tunable filter provided in this embodiment includes a front beam collimation system 1, a broadband beam splitter 2, a first detection unit, a second detection unit, a first ultrasonic rf driver 8, a second ultrasonic rf driver 17, and a computer 18, which are arranged on an incident light path; the computer 18 is respectively connected with the first detection unit, the second detection unit, the first ultrasonic radio-frequency driver 8 and the second ultrasonic radio-frequency driver 17, and is used for controlling the first ultrasonic radio-frequency driver 8 and the second ultrasonic radio-frequency driver 17 to transmit ultrasonic waves and process polarization information detected by the first detection unit and the second detection unit;
the incident light is reflected light, radiation light or transmitted light of a far-field target, the incident light is compressed and collimated by the front light beam collimation system 1 and enters the broadband beam splitter 2, the broadband beam splitter 2 adopts a broadband non-polarized beam splitter, the beam splitting proportion is 50% to 50%, the beam splitting forms non-polarized transmitted light and non-polarized reflected light, and the intensity of the transmitted light is the same as that of the reflected light.
The first detection unit comprises a first acousto-optic tunable filter 3, a first wedge prism 4, a first detector 5, a second wedge prism 6 and a second detector 7; the unpolarized transmission light vertically enters the first acousto-optic tunable filter 3, the unpolarized transmission light and the ultrasonic wave emitted by the first ultrasonic wave radio frequency driver 8 generate acousto-optic interaction in the first acousto-optic tunable filter 3 to generate polarized light, namely, an incident light wave vector, an ultrasonic wave vector and a diffraction light wave vector just meet a momentum matching condition, and the ultrasonic wave can simultaneously generate acousto-optic interaction with incident o light and e light to just reach an equivalent balance condition. The unpolarized transmission light after acousto-optic interaction is output as two beams of diffraction light with orthogonal polarization directions separated by a certain angle, a first wedge prism 4, a first detector 5, a second wedge prism 6 and a second detector 7 are respectively arranged on the light paths of the two beams of diffraction light, and the first detector 5 and the second detector 7 transmit the spectrum information of the two beams of diffraction light to a computer 18. The main function of the first wedge prism 4 and the second wedge prism 6 is to compensate the broadband light source drift caused by chromatic dispersion in the reverse direction.
The second detection unit comprises a beam transverse separator 9, a first half-wave plate 10, a second half-wave plate 11, a second acousto-optic tunable filter 12, a third wedge prism 13, a fourth wedge prism 14, a third detector 15 and a fourth detector 16; the unpolarized reflected light enters the beam transverse separator 9 to form two beams of parallel light with orthogonal polarization directions, a first half-wave plate 10 and a second half-wave plate 11 are respectively arranged on light paths of the two beams of parallel light, the polarization directions of the two beams of parallel light rotate 45 degrees after passing through the first half-wave plate 10 and the second half-wave plate 11, the two beams of parallel polarized light vertically enter the second acousto-optic tunable filter 12 to have acousto-optic interaction with the ultrasonic wave emitted by the second ultrasonic RF driver 17, namely, an incident light wave vector, an ultrasonic wave vector and a diffracted light wave vector just meet momentum matching conditions, and the ultrasonic wave can simultaneously have acousto-optic interaction with incident o light and e light, and just reach equivalent balance conditions; two beams of polarized diffracted light with orthogonal polarization directions are formed after acousto-optic interaction, the light paths of the two beams of polarized diffracted light are respectively provided with a third wedge prism 13, a third detector 15, a fourth wedge prism 14 and a fourth detector 16, and the third detector 15 and the fourth detector 16 transmit the spectral information of the received polarized diffracted light to a computer 18. The main function of the third wedge prism 13 and the fourth wedge prism 14 is to compensate the broadband light source drift caused by chromatic dispersion in the reverse direction.
When moving target information is acquired, the computer 18 sends out the same ultrasonic intensity and frequency value instructions to the first ultrasonic radio-frequency driver 8 and the second ultrasonic radio-frequency driver 17 at the same time, the computer 18 stores and calculates the polarization images of the first detector 5, the second detector 7, the third detector 15 and the fourth detector 16 to obtain four stokes parameters, and the polarization DOP, the polarization angle AOP, the ellipticity angle W and other parameters are further calculated.
As shown in fig. 2, the beam splitter 9 is formed by gluing a rectangular prism and a parallelogram prism, the glued surface AB is coated with a semi-transparent and semi-reflective polarization beam splitter, 50% of the incident beam passes through the surface, and 50% of the incident beam is reflected by the surface to form polarized light with orthogonal polarization directions; the CD surface is plated with a high-reflection film, and reflects incident light by 100 percent; the BE surface and the BD surface of the light beam are coated with antireflection films, so that the transmittance of the incident light beam is increased.
The first acousto-optic tunable filter 3 and the second acousto-optic tunable filter 12 have the same performance indexes, that is, the cutting direction of the acousto-optic interaction medium, the physical size, the type of the coating film, the size and the position of the acousto-optic transducer and the absorber are the same, and the incident angle, the incident angle of the ultrasonic wave, and the optical aperture angle parameters of the incident light to the first acousto-optic tunable filter 3 and the second acousto-optic tunable filter 12 are the same.
The performance indexes of the first ultrasonic radio frequency driver 8 and the second ultrasonic radio frequency driver 17 are the same;
the first detector 5, the second detector 7, the third detector 15 and the fourth detector 16 are all area array detectors; the first wedge prism 4, the second wedge prism 6, the third wedge prism 13 and the fourth wedge prism 14 are arranged in a compensation mode according to the dispersion range of the corresponding light beams, so that the corresponding light beams are guaranteed not to drift and are fixed at the imaging positions of the corresponding detectors.
The imaging method of the real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system based on the acousto-optic tunable filter specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1), building the optical system, placing a front-mounted beam collimation system 1 in a field of view of reflected light, radiant light or transmitted light of a far-field target, compressing and collimating the front-mounted beam collimation system 1, and then, injecting the front-mounted beam collimation system into a broadband beam splitter 2;
step 2), controlling the first ultrasonic radio frequency driver 8 through the computer 18, enabling the ultrasonic waves emitted by the first ultrasonic radio frequency driver to meet momentum matching and equivalent balance in the first acousto-optic tunable filter 3, and generating acousto-optic interaction with the non-polarized transmitted light transmitted by the broadband beam splitter 2 to generate +/-1-level first polarized diffracted light and second polarized diffracted light;
step 3), performing dispersion compensation on the plus or minus 1-level first polarization diffraction light and the second polarization diffraction light through a first wedge prism 4 and a second wedge prism 6 respectively, and receiving the spectral information of the plus or minus 1-level first polarization diffraction light and the second polarization diffraction light by using a first detector 5 and a second detector 7 and transmitting the spectral information to a computer 18;
step 4), enabling the non-polarized reflected light reflected by the broadband beam splitter 2 to vertically enter a beam transverse separator 9, and changing the polarization direction through a first half-wave plate 10 and a second half-wave plate 11 respectively to form two beams of polarized diffracted light which are parallel and have orthogonal polarization directions;
step 5), controlling a second ultrasonic radio frequency driver 17 through a computer 18, so that the ultrasonic waves emitted by the second ultrasonic radio frequency driver satisfy momentum matching and equivalent balance in a second acoustic tunable filter 12, and performing acousto-optic interaction with two parallel polarized diffracted lights with orthogonal polarization directions to generate +/-1-level third polarized diffracted light and fourth polarized diffracted light;
step 6), performing dispersion compensation on the +/-1-level second polarization diffraction light through a third wedge prism 13 and a fourth wedge prism 14 respectively, and receiving the spectrum information of the +/-1-level second polarization diffraction light by using a third detector 15 and a fourth detector 16 and transmitting the spectrum information to a computer 18;
and 7) calculating parameters such as the degree of polarization DOP, the angle of polarization AOP, the ellipticity angle W and the like of the far-field target by utilizing a Stokes vector method according to the hyperspectral polarization information of the target radiation respectively received by the four detectors in different polarization directions.
The equivalent balance condition for the acousto-optic interaction occurring in the first acousto-optic tunable filter 3 and the second acousto-optic tunable filter 12 means: the ultrasonic waves can simultaneously interact with incident o light and incident e light in an acousto-optic manner.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system based on an acousto-optic tunable filter is characterized in that: the device comprises a front beam collimation system (1) arranged on an incident light path, a broadband beam splitter (2), a first detection unit, a second detection unit, a first ultrasonic radio-frequency driver (8), a second ultrasonic radio-frequency driver (17) and a computer (18); the computer (18) is respectively connected with the first detection unit, the second detection unit, the first ultrasonic radio-frequency driver (8) and the second ultrasonic radio-frequency driver (17) and is used for controlling the first ultrasonic radio-frequency driver (8) and the second ultrasonic radio-frequency driver (17) to emit ultrasonic waves and processing the polarization information detected by the first detection unit and the second detection unit;
incident light is compressed and collimated by the front light beam collimation system (1) and enters the broadband beam splitter (2), and is split into unpolarized transmission light and unpolarized reflection light;
the first detection unit comprises a first acousto-optic tunable filter (3), a first wedge prism (4), a first detector (5), a second wedge prism (6) and a second detector (7); the unpolarized transmission light enters the first acousto-optic tunable filter (3), and the unpolarized transmission light and the ultrasonic wave emitted by the first ultrasonic radio-frequency driver (8) in the first acousto-optic tunable filter (3) generate acousto-optic interaction to generate first polarization diffraction light and second polarization diffraction light respectively; the first wedge prism (4) and the first detector (5) are sequentially arranged on the first polarization diffraction light path, and the second wedge prism (6) and the second detector (7) are sequentially arranged on the second polarization diffraction light path; the output ends of the first detector (5) and the second detector (7) are respectively connected with a computer (18);
the second detection unit comprises a beam transverse separator (9), a first half-wave plate (10), a second half-wave plate (11), a second acousto-optic tunable filter (12), a third wedge prism (13), a fourth wedge prism (14), a third detector (15) and a fourth detector (16); the non-polarized reflected light enters a beam transverse separator (9) to form two beams of parallel light with orthogonal polarization directions, a first half-wave plate (10) and a second half-wave plate (11) are respectively arranged on the light paths of the two beams of parallel light, and the two beams of parallel light and ultrasonic waves emitted by a second ultrasonic radio-frequency driver (17) in a second acoustic tunable filter (12) have acousto-optic interaction to respectively generate third polarized diffraction light and fourth polarized diffraction light; the third wedge prism (13) and the third detector (15) are sequentially arranged on a third polarization diffraction light path, and the fourth wedge prism (14) and the fourth detector (16) are sequentially arranged on a fourth polarization diffraction light path; and the output ends of the third detector (15) and the fourth detector (16) are respectively connected with a computer (18).
2. The acousto-optic tunable filter based real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system according to claim 1, wherein:
the first acousto-optic tunable filter (3) is perpendicular to the direction of the optical axis of the non-polarized transmission light;
the beam transverse separator (9) is perpendicular to the direction of the optical axis of the unpolarized reflected light.
3. The acousto-optic tunable filter based real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system of claim 2, wherein:
the intensity and frequency of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the first ultrasonic radio-frequency driver (8) and the second ultrasonic radio-frequency driver (17) are the same.
4. The real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system based on the acousto-optic tunable filter according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein:
the beam transverse separator (9) is formed by gluing a right-angle prism and a parallelogram prism, a semi-transparent and semi-reflective polarization beam splitting film is plated on a gluing surface AB, 50% of incident beams penetrate through the gluing surface AB, and 50% of the incident beams are reflected by the gluing surface AB to form two beams of parallel polarized light with orthogonal polarization directions;
a reflecting surface CD, opposite to the bonding surface AB, of the parallelogram prism is plated with a high-reflection film, and the reflectivity is 100%;
and the right-angle prism emergent surface BE and the parallelogram prism emergent surface BD of the beam transverse separator (9) for emergent of the beam are plated with antireflection films.
5. The acousto-optic tunable filter based real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system according to claim 4, wherein:
the cutting direction, the physical size, the coating type, the size and the position of the acousto-optic interaction medium of the first acousto-optic tunable filter (3) and the acousto-optic interaction medium of the second acousto-optic tunable filter (12) are the same; the incident angle, the incident angle of ultrasonic waves and the optical aperture angle parameter of incident light of the first acousto-optic tunable filter (3) and the second acousto-optic tunable filter (12) are the same;
the cross section, density, voltage at the electrical end, current, force at the acoustic end, vibration speed of the particle and finally formed acoustic impedance, half-wavelength frequency, relative thickness and phase shift of the first ultrasonic radio-frequency driver (8) and the second ultrasonic radio-frequency driver (17) are the same.
6. The acousto-optic tunable filter based real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system according to claim 5, wherein:
the polarization directions of the first polarization diffraction light and the second polarization diffraction light are vertical;
the polarization directions of the third polarization diffraction light and the fourth polarization diffraction light are vertical.
7. The acousto-optic tunable filter based real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system according to claim 6, wherein:
the broadband beam splitter (2) adopts a broadband non-polarizing beam splitter, and the light splitting proportion is 50% to 50%;
the first detector (5), the second detector (7), the third detector (15) and the fourth detector (16) are all area array detectors;
the first wedge prism (4), the second wedge prism (6), the third wedge prism (13) and the fourth wedge prism (14) are respectively and fixedly arranged on focal planes of the first detector (5), the second detector (7), the third detector (15) and the fourth detector (16).
8. A real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging method based on an acousto-optic tunable filter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1), building a real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging system based on an acousto-optic tunable filter according to any one of claims 1 to 7, collecting reflected light, radiant light or transmitted light of a far-field target by a front light beam collimation system (1), compressing and collimating by the light beam collimation system (1), and then making the light beam incident to a broadband beam splitter (2);
step 2), controlling a first ultrasonic radio frequency driver (8) through a computer (18), enabling ultrasonic waves emitted by the first ultrasonic radio frequency driver to meet momentum matching conditions with unpolarized transmitted light transmitted by a broadband beam splitter (2) in a first acousto-optic tunable filter (3), generating acousto-optic interaction, achieving equivalent balance, and generating + 1-order first polarized diffracted light and-1-order second polarized diffracted light;
step 3), respectively carrying out dispersion compensation on the first polarization diffraction light and the second polarization diffraction light through a first wedge prism (4) and a second wedge prism (6), and receiving the spectrum information of the first polarization diffraction light and the second polarization diffraction light by using a first detector (5) and a second detector (7) and transmitting the spectrum information to a computer (18);
step 4), enabling the non-polarized reflected light reflected by the broadband beam splitter (2) to vertically enter a beam transverse separator (9), and changing the polarization direction through a first half-wave plate (10) and a second half-wave plate (11) respectively to form two beams of polarized light which are parallel and have orthogonal polarization directions;
step 5), controlling a second ultrasonic radio frequency driver (17) through a computer (18), enabling ultrasonic waves emitted by the second ultrasonic radio frequency driver to meet momentum matching conditions with two beams of polarized light which are parallel to each other and have orthogonal polarization directions in a second acousto-optic tunable filter (12), generating acousto-optic interaction, achieving equivalent balance, and generating + 1-order third polarized diffraction light and-1-order fourth polarized diffraction light;
step 6), respectively carrying out dispersion compensation on the third polarization diffraction light and the fourth polarization diffraction light through a third wedge prism (13) and a fourth wedge prism (14), and receiving the spectral information of the third polarization diffraction light and the fourth polarization diffraction light by using a third detector (15) and a fourth detector (16) and transmitting the spectral information to a computer (18);
and 7) calculating to obtain the polarization degree DOP, the polarization angle AOP and the ellipticity angle W parameters of the far-field target according to the spectral polarization information of the four detectors in different polarization directions.
9. The real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging method based on the acousto-optic tunable filter as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
in step 2) and step 5), the momentum matching and the equivalent balance refer to: the ultrasonic wave simultaneously generates acousto-optic interaction with incident o light and incident e light, and the intensities of the two beams of diffracted light are the same.
10. The real-time hyperspectral polarization imaging method based on the acousto-optic tunable filter according to claim 9, wherein:
and 7) calculating the parameters of the polarization degree DOP, the polarization angle AOP and the ellipticity angle W of the far-field target by utilizing a Stokes vector method.
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