CN115342111A

CN115342111A - Detachable turnover type unilateral bolt fastener

Info

Publication number: CN115342111A
Application number: CN202211017542.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 朱爱珠; 金晓
Original assignee: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Current assignee: Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Priority date: 2022-08-23
Filing date: 2022-08-23
Publication date: 2022-11-15

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field related to unilateral bolts and discloses a detachable turnover type unilateral bolt fastener which comprises a main screw rod, a sleeve component, a washer, a large nut and a small nut, wherein the sleeve component is sleeved on one end of the main screw rod, and the small nut is in threaded connection with the other end of the main screw rod; the washer and the large nut are sleeved on the sleeve assembly, and the large nut is in threaded connection with the main screw rod; the main screw comprises a screw and a nut connected to one end of the screw; the sleeve assembly comprises a sleeve main body and a plurality of split gaskets, one end of each split gasket is rotatably connected to one end of the sleeve main body, and the split gaskets are uniformly distributed around a central shaft of the sleeve main body; the split washer rotates towards the screw rod or away from the screw rod so as to be attached to the screw rod or unfolded to clamp the connecting piece to be fixed together with the washer. The invention improves the bolt fastening effect and the reutilization property.

Description

Detachable turnover type unilateral bolt fastener

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of unilateral bolts, and particularly relates to a detachable turnover unilateral bolt fastener.

Background

At present, in the civil engineering field and the mechanical installation field, the demand for fastening the connection of structural members is increasing. In the case of commonly used bolts, it is necessary to fix the inserted screw on one side of the connector and to tighten the nut on the other side. Although this connection is simple and convenient and has excellent load-bearing properties, it is not well suited for closed-section components and components that are not convenient to handle on one side. For example, in a steel pipe structure, a steel pipe concrete structure, a beam column connection node, and the like, since the section of the member is a closed section, it is difficult to simultaneously operate at both sides. In most cases, mounting holes need to be reserved before connecting members, so that the section strength is weakened, and the mounting cost is increased.

And the unilateral bolt only needs to be fixed and screwed on one side of the connecting piece, and is more suitable for the occasions. The common expansion one-way bolt cannot meet the design requirement under a large load due to the fact that the application of the pretightening force of the bolt is difficult to realize. The through bolt in the prior art has extremely high requirement on the reserved precision of the bolt hole, is difficult to install on site and is difficult to apply to the joint of the side column and the corner column. In the existing single-side bolt, the structure of some bolts is too complex and difficult to produce and assemble, some bolts need special mounting tools and have complex mounting steps, and some bolts are difficult to dismount and cannot be reused.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides a detachable turnover type unilateral bolt fastener, which improves the bolt fastening effect and the reutilization property and overcomes the defect that the existing bolt cannot be fastened unilaterally.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a detachable turnover type unilateral bolt fastener, which includes a main screw, a sleeve assembly, a washer, a large nut and a small nut, wherein the sleeve assembly is sleeved on one end of the main screw, and the small nut is in threaded connection with the other end of the main screw; the washer and the large nut are sleeved on the sleeve assembly, and the large nut is in threaded connection with the main screw rod;

the main screw comprises a screw and a nut connected to one end of the screw; the sleeve assembly comprises a sleeve main body and a plurality of split gaskets, one end of each split gasket is rotatably connected to one end of the sleeve main body, and the split gaskets are uniformly distributed around a central shaft of the sleeve main body; the split gasket rotates towards the screw rod or in a direction away from the screw rod so as to be attached to the screw rod or unfolded to clamp the connecting piece to be fixed together with the gasket.

Furthermore, the outer diameter of a cylinder formed by the split gaskets attached to the screw is smaller than or equal to that of the nut.

Further, when the split gasket is attached to the screw rod, the nut and the split gasket sequentially penetrate through at least two connecting pieces to be fastened, the screw rod is moved to enable the split gasket to be in contact with the connecting pieces after being unfolded, and the large nut is used for limiting the position of the gasket on the sleeve main body so that the gasket and the split gasket clamp the connecting pieces.

Further, the small nut is used for limiting the position of the sleeve assembly on the screw rod; the other end of the screw is cut to form a clamping part; the nut is close to the cylinder edge of screw rod is formed with the fillet, the nut with the junction of screw rod is provided with the fillet.

Furthermore, the screw rod adopts a half-tooth type, a half polished rod and a half thread, the length of the polished rod is smaller than that of the sleeve body of the sleeve component, and the nut is connected with the polished rod.

Further, the sleeve main body is cylindrical and is provided with a first through hole, the first through hole is used for the main screw to pass through, and the diameter of the first through hole corresponds to the outer diameter of the screw cap; a plurality of sleeve main body grooves are formed in one end face of the sleeve main body, the sleeve main body grooves are evenly distributed around a central shaft of the sleeve main body, and the sleeve main body grooves are used for containing the split gaskets.

Further, mounting holes are formed in two opposite side walls of the groove of the sleeve main body respectively, and the sleeve main body is rotatably connected with the split gaskets through the mounting holes.

Further, the outer edges of the groove walls between the adjacent grooves of the sleeve main body are provided with round corners, the split gaskets comprise a rectangular body, a semicircular disc and a quarter disc, the diameter of the semicircular disc is the same as the radius of the quarter disc, the plane end of the semicircular disc is connected to one end of the rectangular body, the other end of the rectangular body is connected to the plane side of the quarter disc, so that a first connecting plane is formed by one plane side of the quarter disc and one side of the rectangular body, and the other plane side of the rectangular body is connected with the first arc-shaped surface of the semicircular disc and the second arc-shaped surface of the quarter disc respectively.

Furthermore, one end of the split gasket, which is adjacent to the semicircular disc, is provided with a split gasket opening, and the split gasket is rotatably connected to the sleeve main body through the split gasket opening.

Further, the diameter of the split gasket opening is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the mounting hole.

Generally, compared with the prior art, the detachable turnover type unilateral bolt fastener provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention only needs to be installed on one side of the connecting piece, and single-side fastening is realized.

2. The split gasket is connected with the sleeve before installation, and compared with a common gasket, the installation process of the common gasket is omitted; after the installation is completed, the split gaskets are simultaneously contacted with the inner end face of the nut, the thickness of the gaskets is large enough, the stress is uniform and reliable, larger bearing capacity can be provided, the fastener is not easy to pull out under the load action, and the fastening effect is good.

3. Before installation, a washer and a large nut are installed on a sleeve assembly in advance, a small nut is also installed on a high-strength main screw rod, and when the high-strength main screw rod is installed, only a turnover space needs to be reserved for a split gasket, then the screw rod is restrained, and the small nut and the large nut are sequentially screwed, so that fastening can be completed; when the disassembly is carried out, the large nut and the small nut are only required to be loosened in sequence, then the overturning space is reserved for the split gasket, and the fastener can be pulled out. Compared with the prior art, the installation is simple, and it is convenient to dismantle, but reuse.

4. Compared with the existing unilateral fastening bolt made of special materials, the unilateral fastening bolt does not need to use special materials and does not depend on material deformation to form support, thereby avoiding the hidden danger caused by further deformation due to material fatigue.

5. The invention has simple and compact structure, low cost, convenient installation and assembly, can finish unilateral fastening without special installation tools, is easy to use in actual operation, can improve the assembly efficiency, has reliable stress, simple and clear disassembly method, can be repeatedly used and is beneficial to sustainable development.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a detachable turnover type single-side bolt fastener provided by the invention in a use state;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the main threaded shank of the removable reversible single-sided bolt fastener of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a sleeve assembly of the removable flip type single sided bolt fastener of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a split washer of the removable flip type single-sided bolt fastener of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a sleeve body of the sleeve assembly of FIG. 3;

FIG. 6a is a schematic view of a fastener being fed into a hole of a connector; FIG. 6b is a schematic view of the small nut when tightened; FIG. 6c is a schematic view of the small nut and the large nut being tightened in sequence;

FIG. 7a is a schematic view of a large nut and a small nut being sequentially loosened; FIG. 7b is a schematic view of the fastener as it is being extracted; FIG. 7c is a schematic view of the fastener after extraction.

The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same elements or structures, wherein: the nut-type bolt comprises a main screw rod 1, a nut 1a, a screw rod 1b, a clamping part 1c, a sleeve assembly 2, a split gasket 2a, a sleeve body 2b, a split gasket head 2c, a split gasket root 2d, a split gasket opening 2e, a sleeve body groove 2f, a mounting hole 2g, a gasket 3, a large nut 4, a small nut 5, a first connecting piece 6 and a second connecting piece 7.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a detachable turnover type unilateral bolt fastener, which comprises a main screw rod 1, a sleeve component 2, a washer 3, a large nut 4 and a small nut 5, wherein the sleeve component 2 is sleeved on one end of the main screw rod 1, and the washer 3 is sleeved on the sleeve component 2. The large nut 4 is threaded onto one end of the sleeve assembly 2 and is disposed adjacent to the sleeve assembly 2. The small nut 5 is in threaded connection with the main screw rod 1, and the large nut 4 is located between the small nut 5 and the washer 3. The large nut 4 is used for limiting the gasket 3, and the small nut 5 is used for limiting the sleeve component 2.

Referring to fig. 2, the main screw rod 1 includes a nut 1a and a screw rod 1b, the nut 1a is disposed at one end of the screw rod 1b, a clamping portion 1c is formed at the other end of the screw rod 1b, and the clamping portion 1c is formed by cutting a corresponding end of the screw rod 1 b. An external thread is formed on the periphery of one end of the screw rod 1b adjacent to the clamping part, and the small nut 5 is in threaded connection with the screw rod 1b through the external thread. The nut 1a is formed with a rounded corner near the cylindrical edge of the screw 1b for facilitating the spreading of the split washer 2a of the sleeve assembly 2. And a fillet is arranged at the joint of the nut 1a and the screw rod 1b to reduce stress concentration.

In this embodiment, the screw rod 1b is of a half-tooth type, a half polished rod and a half thread, and the length of the polished rod is smaller than that of the sleeve main body 2b of the sleeve component 2; the clamping part 1c is provided with two parallel tangent planes for restraining the main screw rod to install and disassemble the fastener; of course, in other embodiments, the clamping portion 1c may be provided with a plurality of cut surfaces.

Referring to fig. 3, 4 and 5, the sleeve assembly 2 includes a sleeve main body 2b and a plurality of split spacers 2a, and one end of each of the split spacers 2a is rotatably connected to one end of the sleeve main body 2b. The sleeve main body 2b is cylindrical and is formed with a first through hole for the main screw 1 to pass through. Wherein the diameter of the first through hole corresponds to the outer diameter of the nut 1 a. A plurality of sleeve body grooves 2f are formed in one end face of the sleeve body 2b, the sleeve body grooves 2f are evenly distributed around a central shaft of the sleeve body 2b, and the sleeve body grooves 2f are used for accommodating the split gaskets 2a.

The sleeve body groove 2f communicates with the first through hole, and the depth direction thereof is parallel to the axial direction of the sleeve body 2b. Two opposite side walls of the groove 2f of the sleeve main body are respectively provided with a mounting hole 2g, and the sleeve main body 2b is rotatably connected with the split gaskets 2a through the mounting holes 2 g.

The outer edges of the groove walls between the adjacent grooves 2f of the sleeve main body are provided with round corners, so that the joint of the main screw rod 1 and the pre-tightening force is facilitated. In this embodiment, the number of the split spacers 2a is 8, the thickness of the root of the split spacer 2a is the same as that of the sleeve body 2b, the width of the root of the split spacer 2a is the same as that of the sleeve body groove 2f at the end of the sleeve body 2b, and each split spacer 2a can rotate relative to the main screw 1 to be attached to the main screw 1 or to be attached to the first connecting piece 6 after being unfolded, and fixes the first connecting piece 6 and the second connecting piece 7 together with the washer 3. The inner diameter and the outer diameter of the cylinder surrounded by the split washers 2a when tightened are the same as the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the sleeve body 2b, respectively, and correspond to the diameter of the screw 1b and the diameter of the first through hole, respectively.

The split gasket 2a is a claw body and comprises a rectangular body, a semicircular disc and a quarter disc, the semicircular disc forms the split gasket root 2d of the split gasket 2a, and the quarter disc forms the split gasket head 2c. The diameter of the semicircular disc is the same as the radius of the quarter disc, the plane end of the semicircular disc is connected to one end of the rectangular body, the other end of the rectangular body is connected to the plane side of the quarter disc, so that a first connecting plane is formed by one plane side of the quarter disc and one side of the rectangular body, and the other plane side of the rectangular body is respectively connected with the first arc-shaped surface of the semicircular disc and the second arc-shaped surface of the quarter disc. The split gasket 2a is provided with a split gasket opening 2e at one end adjacent to the semicircular disc, and the split gasket 2a is rotatably connected to the sleeve main body 2b through the split gasket opening 2 e. In this embodiment, the diameter of the split spacer opening 2e is smaller than or equal to the diameter of the mounting hole 2g, which facilitates the assembly of the sleeve component 2.

Wherein, components of a whole that can function independently gasket 2a pass through coupling assembling connect in sleeve main part 2b, coupling assembling includes the spring and two connect respectively in the cylinder at the both ends that the spring carried on the back mutually, two the one end of cylinder sets up respectively in two relative mounting hole 2g, spring and part the cylinder is acceptd in components of a whole that can function independently gasket trompil 2 e. After the split gasket 2a is completely unfolded, the first arc-shaped surface of the semicircular disc is attached to a fillet at the joint of the nut 1a and the screw 1 b.

Before the fastener is installed, the split gasket 2a and the sleeve main body 2b are assembled into a sleeve assembly, and then the gasket 3 and the large nut 4 are sleeved on the sleeve main body 2b. One end of the main screw rod 1 penetrates through the sleeve main body 2b, and the small nut 5 is connected to the screw rod 1b in a threaded manner, so that the clamping part 1c is exposed. The split gasket 2a is in an undeployed state and attached to the screw 1 b.

The installation process of the fastener is as follows:

1. as shown in fig. 6a, along the axial direction of the main screw rod 1, one end of the assembled fastener where the nut 1a is located sequentially passes through the second connecting piece 7 and the first connecting piece 6 until the large nut 4 pushes the washer 3 to be attached to the second connecting piece 7, so as to leave a turning space for the split washer 2a.

2. As shown in fig. 6b, the main screw rod 1 is restrained, the small nut 5 is rotated, the split washer 2a is turned towards the first connecting piece 6 under the lateral pressure of the nut 1a until the split washer is completely unfolded, and the plane of the nut 1a is overlapped with the plane of one side of the split washer 2a.

3. As shown in fig. 6c, the main screw rod 1 is pulled back in the axial direction to make the split gasket 2a abut against the first connecting piece 6, the large nut 4 is rotated, and a pre-tightening force is applied to make the split gasket 2a and the gasket clamp the first connecting piece 6 and the second connecting piece 7, so that the installation is completed.

The disassembly process of the fastener is as follows:

1. as shown in fig. 7a, the main screw rod 1 is restrained, and the large nut 4 and the small nut 5 are loosened in sequence until the small nut 5 returns to the position near the clamping part 1 c;

2. as shown in fig. 7b, the main screw rod 1 is moved axially until the small nut 5 pushes the large nut 4 to be attached to the washer 3, an overturning space is reserved for the split washer 2a, the large nut 4 is pulled towards the small nut 5, the split washer 2a is in contact with the hole edge of the first connecting piece 6 in the process, and the split washer 2a overturns towards the screw rod 1b under the lateral pressure of the first connecting piece 6.

3. As shown in fig. 7c, when the split gasket 2a is completely closed, the maximum expanded range diameter is smaller than the hole diameters of the first connecting piece 6 and the second connecting piece, the large nut 4 is clamped to completely pull out the fastener from the first connecting piece 6 and the second connecting piece 7, and the disassembly is completed.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, since various modifications, substitutions and improvements within the spirit and scope of the invention are possible and within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a can dismantle convertible unilateral bolt fastener which characterized in that:

the fastening piece comprises a main screw rod, a sleeve assembly, a washer, a large nut and a small nut, the sleeve assembly is sleeved on one end of the main screw rod, and the small nut is in threaded connection with the other end of the main screw rod; the washer and the large nut are sleeved on the sleeve component, and the large nut is in threaded connection with the main screw rod;

the main screw comprises a screw and a nut connected to one end of the screw; the sleeve assembly comprises a sleeve main body and a plurality of split gaskets, one end of each split gasket is rotatably connected to one end of the sleeve main body, and the split gaskets are uniformly distributed around a central shaft of the sleeve main body; the split gasket rotates towards the screw rod or rotates towards the direction far away from the screw rod so as to be attached to the screw rod or unfolded to clamp the connecting piece to be fixed together with the gasket.

2. The detachable flip type single-sided bolt fastener of claim 1, wherein: the outer diameter of a cylinder formed by the split gaskets attached to the screw is smaller than or equal to that of the screw cap.

3. The detachable flip type unilateral bolt fastener according to claim 1, wherein: when the split gaskets are attached to the screw rods, the screw caps and the split gaskets sequentially penetrate through at least two connecting pieces to be fastened, the split gaskets are unfolded by moving the screw rods and then are contacted with the connecting pieces, and the large nuts are used for limiting the positions of the gaskets on the sleeve main body so that the gaskets and the split gaskets clamp the connecting pieces.

4. The detachable flip type single-sided bolt fastener of claim 1, wherein: the small nut is used for limiting the position of the sleeve assembly on the screw rod; the other end of the screw is cut to form a clamping part; the nut is close to the cylinder edge of screw rod is formed with the fillet, the nut with the junction of screw rod is provided with the fillet.

5. The detachable flip type single-sided bolt fastener of claim 1, wherein: the screw rod adopts half tooth formula, half polished rod, half screw thread, and the length of polished rod is less than the length of sleeve subassembly's sleeve main part, the nut is connected in the polished rod.

6. The detachable flip type single-sided bolt fastener of claim 1, wherein: the sleeve main body is cylindrical and is provided with a first through hole, the first through hole is used for the main screw to pass through, and the diameter of the first through hole corresponds to the outer diameter of the screw cap; the split gasket is characterized in that a plurality of sleeve main body grooves are formed in one end face of each sleeve main body, the sleeve main body grooves are uniformly distributed around a central shaft of each sleeve main body, and the sleeve main body grooves are used for containing the split gaskets.

7. The detachable flip type single-sided bolt fastener of claim 6, wherein: the two opposite side walls of the groove of the sleeve main body are respectively provided with a mounting hole, and the sleeve main body is rotatably connected with the split gaskets through the mounting holes.

8. The removable flip type single-sided bolt fastener of claim 7, wherein: the split gasket comprises a rectangular body, a semicircular disc and a quarter disc, the diameter of the semicircular disc is the same as the radius of the quarter disc, the plane end of the semicircular disc is connected to one end of the rectangular body, the other end of the rectangular body is connected to the plane side of the quarter disc, so that a first connecting plane is formed between one plane side of the quarter disc and one side of the rectangular body, and the other plane side of the rectangular body is connected with the first arc-shaped face of the semicircular disc and the second arc-shaped face of the quarter disc respectively.

9. The removable flip type single-sided bolt fastener of claim 8, wherein: the split gasket is provided with split gasket openings at one end adjacent to the semicircular disc, and the split gasket is rotatably connected to the sleeve main body through the split gasket openings.

10. The removable flip style single side bolt fastener of claim 9, wherein: the diameter of the split gasket opening is smaller than or equal to that of the mounting hole.