CN115341762A - Winter concrete construction method and concrete mixing plant - Google Patents
Winter concrete construction method and concrete mixing plant Download PDFInfo
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- CN115341762A CN115341762A CN202210985141.8A CN202210985141A CN115341762A CN 115341762 A CN115341762 A CN 115341762A CN 202210985141 A CN202210985141 A CN 202210985141A CN 115341762 A CN115341762 A CN 115341762A
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Images
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C5/00—Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions
- B28C5/003—Methods for mixing
- B28C5/006—Methods for mixing involving mechanical aspects
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
- B28C7/0007—Pretreatment of the ingredients, e.g. by heating, sorting, grading, drying, disintegrating; Preventing generation of dust
- B28C7/0023—Pretreatment of the ingredients, e.g. by heating, sorting, grading, drying, disintegrating; Preventing generation of dust by heating or cooling
- B28C7/003—Heating, e.g. using steam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
- B28C7/04—Supplying or proportioning the ingredients
- B28C7/06—Supplying the solid ingredients, e.g. by means of endless conveyors or jigging conveyors
- B28C7/067—Supplying the solid ingredients, e.g. by means of endless conveyors or jigging conveyors by means of stationary hoppers, chambers or bins from which the material is fed gravitationally, e.g. having agitating means therein
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C7/00—Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substances; Supplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substances; Discharging the mixture
- B28C7/04—Supplying or proportioning the ingredients
- B28C7/12—Supplying or proportioning liquid ingredients
- B28C7/126—Supply means, e.g. nozzles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28C—PREPARING CLAY; PRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28C9/00—General arrangement or layout of plant
- B28C9/02—General arrangement or layout of plant for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other materials
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
- E02D15/02—Handling of bulk concrete specially for foundation or hydraulic engineering purposes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/24—Safety or protective measures preventing damage to building parts or finishing work during construction
- E04G21/246—Safety or protective measures preventing damage to building parts or finishing work during construction specially adapted for curing concrete in situ, e.g. by covering it with protective sheets
Abstract
The invention discloses a winter concrete construction method and a concrete mixing plant, wherein the winter concrete construction method comprises the following steps: preheating water and aggregate in the concrete raw material; adding an additive into the concrete raw material and mixing to obtain concrete; wherein the admixture comprises an early strength agent; detecting the tank outlet temperature of the concrete, and if the tank outlet temperature reaches a first preset value, transferring the concrete to a region to be poured and pouring; and covering the poured and molded concrete by adopting a heat insulation structure to carry out heat storage maintenance. The technical scheme of the invention can carry out comprehensive heat storage maintenance on the concrete so as to realize the purposes of energy conservation and environmental protection during the winter concrete construction.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of concrete construction, in particular to a winter concrete construction method and a concrete mixing plant.
Background
With the rapid development of social economy in China and the construction of a large number of infrastructures, most projects have the characteristics of short construction period and heavy tasks, and many projects still need to be constructed continuously in winter. When concrete construction is carried out in winter, if the newly poured concrete is improperly maintained and suffers from frost damage, the normal increase of the strength of the concrete is influenced, so that the strength of the concrete cannot reach the designed strength, and the quality and the durability of a concrete structure are seriously influenced.
The exposed surface of the poured concrete is usually heated by using equipment such as a furnace and the like in the prior art so as to avoid the concrete from being frozen and ensure the normal increase of the concrete strength. It is understood that this heating process is lengthy and significantly energy consuming, which is detrimental to energy efficient and environmentally friendly operation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a winter concrete construction method, aiming at carrying out comprehensive heat storage maintenance on concrete so as to realize the purposes of energy conservation and environmental protection during winter concrete construction.
In order to achieve the purpose, the winter concrete construction method provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
preheating water and aggregate in the concrete raw material;
adding an additive into the concrete raw material and mixing to obtain concrete; wherein the admixture comprises an early strength agent;
detecting the tank outlet temperature of the concrete, and if the tank outlet temperature reaches a first preset value, transferring the concrete to a region to be poured to pour; and
and covering the poured and molded concrete by adopting a heat insulation structure to carry out heat storage maintenance.
Optionally, after the step of covering the cast concrete with the heat insulation structure for heat storage maintenance, the step of the winter concrete construction method further includes: the temperature of the temperature measuring point of the concrete is monitored regularly before the form is removed; and if the actually measured temperature of the temperature measuring point is lower than a second preset value, heating the concrete by using a heating device.
Optionally, the temperature measuring points include a surface temperature measuring point and an internal temperature measuring point, the surface temperature measuring point is located on the outer surface of the concrete, and the internal temperature measuring point is located inside the concrete.
Optionally, one said surface temperature measurement point is marked on the surface of said concrete every 5m, and each said surface temperature measurement point is temperature monitored at a frequency of 4 times a day and night.
Optionally, the admixture further comprises an antifreeze agent.
Optionally, the step of mixing the raw concrete material with the admixture to obtain the concrete comprises: mixing the admixture into the water and premixing to obtain a mixed liquid; feeding the mixed liquid and the aggregate into a stirrer respectively and stirring; and feeding the cement into the stirrer and stirring to obtain the concrete.
Optionally, in the step of preheating the water and the aggregate in the concrete raw material, the preheating temperature of the water is configured to be 40 ℃ to 75 ℃; and/or the preheating temperature of the aggregate is configured to be 5-10 ℃.
The invention also provides a concrete mixing plant, which is used for the winter concrete construction method, and the concrete mixing plant comprises:
the stirring equipment is used for stirring the concrete raw material and the additive to obtain concrete;
the aggregate batching device comprises a feed hopper, a first conveying mechanism arranged below the feed hopper, a second conveying assembly arranged at the discharge end of the first conveying mechanism, and an aggregate buffer box arranged at the discharge end of the second conveying assembly, wherein the discharge hole of the aggregate buffer box is communicated with the feed inlet of the stirring equipment, and the second conveying assembly comprises a second conveying mechanism and a sealing cover covering the second conveying mechanism; and
the water supply device comprises a water supply pipe penetrating through the closed cover, a water buffer tank communicated with the water outlet end of the water supply pipe and at least a heat exchanger used for preheating water in the water supply pipe, wherein the water outlet of the water buffer tank is communicated with the feed inlet of the stirring equipment; the heat exchanger is at least partially positioned in the closed cover so as to preheat the aggregates positioned in the closed cover.
Optionally, the closed hood includes the bowl, and locates the heat preservation in the bowl outside, the bowl encloses out the heat transfer space, second conveying mechanism's discharge end wears to establish the upper end in heat transfer space and extends to aggregate buffer tank.
Optionally, the second conveying mechanism is configured as a ramp belt conveyor comprising a ramp belt to hold the aggregate.
Optionally, the water supply pipe extends upwards from the lower end of the heat exchange space to the upper end of the heat exchange space, penetrates out of the heat exchange space, and extends to the water buffer tank, the heat exchanger spirally surrounds the periphery of the water supply pipe, and the heat exchanger is arranged close to the upper side face of the slope belt.
Optionally, the heat exchanger includes a first pipe section and a second pipe section, the first pipe section surrounds the periphery of the water supply pipe, and the second pipe section is at least partially located in the water buffer tank.
Optionally, the heat exchanger is configured as an electric heating tube.
Optionally, the first pipe section and the second pipe section are arranged in a split manner.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the strength of the concrete is kept to be increased by utilizing the heat of the concrete raw materials (including the heat obtained by preheating water and a framework) and the heat of cement hydration heat, and then the exposed concrete surface is covered by the heat-insulating structure to reduce the heat loss of the concrete, namely delay the cooling of the concrete, so that the temperature of the concrete reaches the freezing critical strength before being reduced to 0 ℃. On the basis, by adding the admixture including the early strength agent, the condition for accelerating the concrete hardening is created, so that the concrete reaches the critical strength before being frozen as soon as possible before the pouring temperature is reduced to the freezing point temperature, the purpose of comprehensively storing heat and curing the concrete is realized, the energy additionally consumed by heating the poured concrete can be saved, and the purposes of energy conservation and environmental protection during the concrete construction in winter are further realized.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments or technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments or technical solutions of the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the structures shown in the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the winter concrete construction method of the present invention.
The implementation, functional features and advantages of the objects of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that, if directional indications (such as upper, lower, left, right, front, rear, 8230; \8230;) are involved in the embodiment of the present invention, the directional indications are only used to explain the relative positional relationship between the components in a specific posture (as shown in the figure), the motion situation, etc., and if the specific posture is changed, the directional indications are correspondingly changed.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and for example, "secured" may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral part; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or they may be interconnected within two elements or in a relationship where two elements interact with each other unless otherwise specifically limited. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In addition, if there is a description of "first", "second", etc. in an embodiment of the present invention, the description of "first", "second", etc. is for descriptive purposes only and is not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the feature. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" appearing throughout includes three juxtapositions, exemplified by "A and/or B", including either A or B or both A and B. In addition, technical solutions between various embodiments may be combined with each other, but must be realized by a person skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, such a combination should not be considered to exist, and is not within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a winter concrete construction method, and referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the invention, the winter concrete construction method comprises steps S110 to S160.
Step S110: the water and aggregate (including sand, stone, etc.) in the concrete raw material are preheated.
That is, in this embodiment, both water and aggregate are preheated and then conveyed into the mixer to be mixed. Since the specific heat capacity of water is about 5 times that of aggregate such as sand and stone, a method of heating water is preferably used in the preparation of concrete in winter, but the preheating temperature of water should be controlled to 40 ℃ to 75 ℃, for example, 60 ℃ or 70 ℃. Therefore, the phenomena of too fast heat dissipation, surface freezing and the like of the concrete can be prevented by adopting warm water stirring. Secondly, can also choose to preheat the aggregate, so can avoid doping in the aggregate to have ice and snow to the feeding quantity of the aggregate that accurate control got into in the agitator and the feeding quantity of water, thereby the concrete quality after accurate control mixes, and can also improve the leaving temperature of concrete. Specifically, the preheating temperature of the aggregate is set to 5 ℃ to 10 ℃. As such, of course, in other embodiments, the aggregate may not be preheated, but only the water.
It is worth mentioning that the storage site for the aggregates in winter should be selected to have a higher topography without water accumulation. In the case of cement as a raw material for concrete, since cement cannot be directly heated, it should be stored in a greenhouse in advance 1 to 2 days before use, and the temperature in the greenhouse is preferably set to 5 ℃ or higher.
Step S120: and (2) adding an additive into the concrete raw material and mixing to obtain a concrete mixture, wherein the additive comprises an early strength agent.
In order to improve the early strength of the concrete, a condition for accelerating the hardening of the concrete is created, so that the concrete reaches the critical strength before freezing as soon as possible before the casting temperature is reduced to the freezing point temperature (namely 0 ℃), the time for the concrete to reach the form removal strength is shortened, and the turnover period of a template is accelerated, therefore, the concrete used in winter construction is doped with an additive including an early strength agent.
Step S130: and detecting the tank outlet temperature of the concrete, and if the tank outlet temperature reaches a first preset value, transferring the concrete to a region to be poured and pouring.
In this embodiment, optionally, a mode of transporting commercial concrete in combination with a tank truck is adopted, so that specialized and fine management of concrete is realized, and intensive production is realized. Particularly, after the commercial concrete leaves the station, the tank truck is required to be transported to a pouring place in time, the transportation route of the concrete in the peak period is studied in advance, and the transportation of the concrete is forbidden due to the fact that the initial setting time of the concrete is exceeded by traffic jam or other reasons. In the transportation process, attention needs to be paid to prevent the problems of surface freezing, concrete segregation, cement mortar loss, slump change and the like caused by serious heat loss of concrete. The discharging temperature of the concrete when the concrete is output from the tank truck is ensured to be more than a first preset value, so that the mold-entering temperature of the concrete when the concrete is poured is controlled to be more than a specified temperature, for example, the specified temperature is configured to be 6 ℃, 7 ℃ or 10 ℃, and the effectiveness of the concrete heat storage method maintenance is ensured. Specifically, the first preset value may be configured as a temperature value of 15 ℃, 17 ℃, 20 ℃, or the like. Of course, in some embodiments, a mixer truck may be used to mix the concrete directly at the construction site and the mixed concrete may be transported to the area to be cast for casting.
Specifically, the temperature of the cast-in mold can be actually measured by a thermometer, and a temperature measurement record table is formed, so that the temperature of the cast-in mold of the concrete is controlled to be more than 6 ℃, and the initial curing temperature of the cast concrete is not lower than 5 ℃; if the mold-entering temperature of the concrete does not meet the requirement, the commercial mixing station is informed to increase the preheating temperature of the concrete raw materials including water so as to meet the requirement.
In this embodiment, further optionally, heat insulation measures should be taken by the transported tanker and the pump truck at the pouring site, for example, heat insulation cotton and heat insulation foam are wrapped outside the tank body on the tanker and outside the pump pipe on the pump truck, so as to reduce heat loss of the concrete during transportation and transfer as much as possible, thereby ensuring the mold-entering temperature of the concrete. The temperature reduction during transportation should generally not exceed 6 ℃ per hour. Of course, in other embodiments, if the ambient temperature during transportation is high (e.g., the highest temperature time period per day), or the transportation route is short, the insulation of the tanker and pump truck may optionally be eliminated.
In the embodiment, because the used concrete is commercial concrete, the problems of quality, mix proportion design, feeding metering and control during mixing, machine-out temperature, heat preservation during transportation, guarantee of the mold-in temperature of the concrete and the like of the concrete raw materials need to be met with a commercial concrete mixing plant in advance, and people are sent to the mixing plant to monitor if necessary. In the construction process, a concrete manufacturer is informed of commonly mastering various performances of the concrete in time, and the concrete manufacturer are matched to perform the winter construction work of the concrete together.
It is worth mentioning that before concrete is poured, dirt on the formwork and the steel bars needs to be removed, and particularly, ice and snow at the bottom of the vertical member needs to be removed completely. Mechanical vibration is adopted during concrete pouring to enhance the vibration effect of the concrete, and the vibration time is increased compared with the normal temperature, for example, the vibration time is increased by 30 to 70 percent, so that the compaction degree of the concrete is improved as much as possible.
Step S140: and covering the poured and molded concrete by adopting a heat insulation structure to perform heat storage maintenance.
Specifically, after concrete is poured, the exposed concrete surface is covered by a heat insulation structure for heat insulation, and meanwhile, moisture in the concrete is prevented from being evaporated and dissipated rapidly, so that heat storage is realized, and maintenance is carried out under a normal temperature condition. And heat preservation measures should be specially strengthened for the parts which are easy to be frozen. The heat insulation structure can be a cotton quilt, a cotton felt, geotextile, foam or the like, the heat insulation structure is kept dry, water is not needed to be sprayed on the concrete and the heat insulation structure on the concrete usually, water is needed to be supplemented to the concrete unless the concrete loses water seriously beyond the design, a large amount of watering maintenance cannot be carried out, and the macroscopic moistening is required to be mastered. In this embodiment, the insulation structure is optionally covered with a waterproof structure, such as a waterproof cloth, a plastic film, or the like, to keep the insulation structure dry.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the strength of the concrete is kept to be increased by utilizing the heat of the concrete raw materials (including the heat obtained by preheating water and a framework) and the heat of cement hydration heat, and then the exposed concrete surface is covered by the heat-insulating structure to reduce the heat loss of the concrete, namely delay the cooling of the concrete, so that the temperature of the concrete reaches the freezing critical strength before being reduced to 0 ℃. On the basis, by adding the admixture including the early strength agent, the condition for accelerating the concrete hardening is created, so that the concrete reaches the critical strength before being frozen as soon as possible before the pouring temperature is reduced to the freezing point temperature, the purpose of comprehensively storing heat and curing the concrete is realized, the energy additionally consumed by heating the poured concrete can be saved, and the purposes of energy conservation and environmental protection during the construction of the concrete in the winter period are further realized.
It should be noted that the comprehensive heat storage maintenance method of the embodiment of the invention is suitable for the concrete structure with the daily average ambient temperature of about-10 ℃, the lowest ambient temperature of not lower than-15 ℃, and the surface coefficient of the concrete structure of not more than 5/m. When the strength of the concrete reaches the freezing critical strength and is not lower than 5Mpa, the heat-insulating structure covered on the concrete can be removed.
It should be further noted that, in the embodiments of the present invention, the freezing critical strength of the winter-stage cast concrete should meet the following specifications:
(1) When the Portland cement and the ordinary Portland cement are prepared, the freezing critical strength of the Portland cement and the ordinary Portland cement is not less than 30% of the designed concrete strength grade value; when slag portland cement, fly ash portland cement, pozzolanic portland cement and composite portland cement are adopted, the strength grade value of the designed concrete is not less than 40%;
(2) For concrete with the strength grade equal to or higher than C50, the strength grade is not suitable to be less than 30% of the designed concrete strength grade value;
(3) For concrete with impermeability requirement, the value is not less than 50% of the designed concrete strength grade value;
(4) For concrete with the requirement of frost resistance and durability, the concrete strength grade value is not less than 70 percent of the designed concrete strength grade value;
(5) When the construction needs to improve the strength grade of the concrete, the freezing critical strength is determined according to the improved strength grade.
Understandably, if an unexpected situation occurs, such as severe snow disaster caused by sudden climate change, so that the environmental temperature suddenly and sharply drops, and constructors predict that the concrete cannot reach the critical strength before being frozen before the concrete is lowered to the freezing point temperature, the heating device should be used for heating the concrete, so as to ensure the normal increase of the strength of the concrete and ensure the quality and the service life of the concrete. Specifically, in the second embodiment of the present invention, based on the first embodiment, after step S140, the winter concrete construction method further includes steps S150 to S160.
Step S150: and (3) periodically monitoring the temperature of the temperature measuring point of the concrete before the form is removed.
Specifically, a temperature measuring point is marked on the exposed surface of the concrete at a preset distance, for example, red paint is sprayed on the surface of the concrete at intervals of 3m or 5m to mark the temperature measuring point, or a red cloth strip is fixed on the surface of the concrete to mark the temperature measuring point; and (4) measuring the temperature of each temperature measuring point in sequence by using a temperature measuring gun and recording the temperature, wherein the temperature measuring frequency is not lower than 4 times every day and night. For example, a quilt is covered above the top beam, the retaining wall and the concrete supporting structure, so that the hydration heat of the cement is prevented from dissipating too fast, and the strength of the concrete is increased to the critical strength of freezing under normal conditions. When the concrete curing device is implemented on site, the number of layers of the quilt is increased according to the change of the environmental temperature, and the normal curing of the concrete is ensured. The surface temperature of the concrete is regularly monitored, so that the strength of the concrete is not lower than 5Mpa before being frozen, and when the strength of the concrete reaches 50% or more of the designed strength, the cotton quilt covering the concrete can be removed. If the temperature difference between the concrete and the environment is more than 20 ℃ after the template is removed, the surface of the concrete after the template is removed should be covered with a heat preservation structure, for example, a layer of curing film and a layer of cotton quilt are covered and sealed, so that the concrete is slowly cooled. Concrete that is not fully cooled has a high brittleness, so the structure must not be subjected to impact or dynamic loads before cooling.
In addition, the internal temperature of the concrete needs to be monitored, that is, the temperature measuring points include a surface temperature measuring point and an internal temperature measuring point. And (4) when the concrete is cooled to 5 ℃ and exceeds the critical strength and meets the requirements of normal-temperature concrete form removal, the form can be removed (the internal temperature of the concrete is measured by embedding a temperature measuring hole in advance and measuring through a thermometer). When the form needs to be removed according to the schedule and the strength of the concrete does not reach the freezing critical strength, the temperature of the concrete must be reduced to 5 ℃ and reach 1.2Mpa, and the temperature difference between the surface of the concrete and the atmosphere must be ensured not to exceed 15 ℃. The concrete temperature measuring line and thermometer indwelling method comprises the following steps: arranging temperature measuring lines at intervals of about 7m along the side line of the concrete structure, and monitoring the internal temperature change of the concrete close to the outside; two temperature measuring lines are arranged in the central area of the concrete structure and used for monitoring the temperature change in the concrete in the central area.
Go on according to the serial number order during the temperature measurement, both can connect the thermometer line through portable thermoscope and obtain the inside temperature of each department concrete, also can obtain the inside temperature of each department concrete through directly reading air thermometer, then note in the temperature measurement record table, if the great in time adjustment heat preservation measure of difference in temperature. Because the concrete in the embodiment of the invention is doped with the early strength antifreeze agent, the internal temperature of the concrete needs to be monitored every 2 hours before the freezing critical strength of the concrete (the freezing critical strength is based on the strength of the test block under the same conditions on site); and after the concrete strength reaches the freezing critical strength, the internal temperature of the concrete can be adjusted to be monitored once every 6 hours.
Temperature measuring personnel should pay attention to the change of the concrete temperature at any time, and if the temperature of the concrete is too high or too low or the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the concrete is too large (for example, the temperature difference between the inside and the outside is more than 20 ℃), the temperature measuring personnel should be informed in time to take effective measures in time to ensure the quality of the concrete in the hardening process.
Step S160: and if the actually measured temperature of the temperature measuring point is lower than a second preset value, heating the concrete by using a heating device.
Specifically, the second preset value may be derived according to a thermal calculation formula and experience, for example, after N hours at a certain environmental temperature, the surface temperature and the internal temperature of the concrete should be cooled to the second preset value, but if the actually measured temperature is significantly lower than the second preset value, the concrete should be heated; wherein N is a positive number. It is understood that the second predetermined value may be different according to the difference between the surface temperature measuring point and the internal temperature measuring point of the concrete, and the second predetermined value is a variable related to the environmental temperature and the time, and is not a fixed value. It will be appreciated that heating of the concrete is considered if either the surface or internal temperature sensing points do not meet the second predetermined value. Specifically, the heating device may be a hot air curtain, a hot air blower, an electric fire, or the like. So, can guarantee that concrete intensity normal growth to reach before freezing and freeze more than the critical strength.
In a third embodiment of the present invention, based on the first embodiment, the admixture in step S120 further includes an antifreeze agent, that is, the admixture in this embodiment is configured as an early-strength and antifreeze composite admixture to lower the liquid-phase freezing point of water in concrete, increase the freezing critical strength of concrete, prevent the concrete from freezing when the temperature is suddenly lowered, and enable the concrete strength to continue to increase after the heat preservation measure is removed. Namely, the mix proportion of the concrete is properly adjusted, and the early strength and anti-freezing composite admixture (the anti-freezing performance reaches-25 ℃, but the best effect is-15 ℃) is added into the raw material of the concrete, so that the early strength of the concrete in the covering and heat preservation stage is improved, and the early strength of the concrete can reach the freezing critical strength of the concrete and the strength required by form removal as soon as possible; secondly, concrete is prevented from being frozen when suddenly cooled; thirdly, the strength of the concrete can be continuously increased after the heat insulation structure is removed. It should be noted that the mix proportion change must be available in advance by trial-matching qualified parties.
The concrete raw materials in the embodiment of the invention are as follows: the strength grade of the cement is not lower than 42.5 grade, the cement dosage is not less than 300Kg/m < 3 >, the water cement ratio is not more than 0.55, and the anti-freezing performance of the anti-freezing agent reaches-25 ℃; in order to reduce the freezing damage, the water consumption in the mixing proportion should be reduced to the minimum, and a water reducing agent can be added when necessary. It is worth mentioning that the admixture and water are firstly premixed in a premixing box and then are mixed into the aggregate together, so as to ensure the uniformity of the admixture after being mixed; and because cement and water of about 75 ℃ are mixed to generate a rapid condensation phenomenon, when the raw materials are added, water and aggregate are firstly added into a stirrer to be mixed, and then the cement is added into the stirrer to be mixed.
It is worth mentioning that the following matters should be taken into consideration for the selection and use of the concrete admixture in the embodiment of the present invention:
(1) The concrete strictly adopts chlorine-containing prepared early strength agent, early strength type water reducing agent or antifreeze agent doped with chlorine salt component;
(2) Antifreeze agents of the water-soluble organic compound type should preferably be used;
(3) The composite antifreeze agent is adopted as an admixture with an antifreeze component, an air entraining component, a water reducing component and the like, and the early strength component is as little as possible or has no early strength component;
(4) The adoption of antifreeze agent containing ammonia nitrate, urea and the like which can generate pungent odor is strictly forbidden;
(5) Before winter construction, a mixing plant should provide a product qualification certificate and a quality detection report of the antifreeze agent, and an approach quality inspection report.
(6) The special personnel is responsible for the configuration and the addition of the admixture used for stirring the concrete and the mortar during winter construction, and the record is carefully made. The various additives are required to be separately arranged in containers with obvious marks, and the mixing is not confused.
(7) When the admixture is used, the concentration is measured periodically, and the stirring is strengthened to keep the concentration uniform.
(8) The storage equipment of the admixture is insulated by double layers, and is firstly wrapped by cotton quilts, then wrapped by an electric blanket and finally wrapped by the cotton quilts, so that the double-layer insulation effect is achieved, and the normal use of the admixture is ensured.
The invention also provides a concrete mixing plant for the winter concrete construction method, which comprises the following steps:
the stirring equipment is used for stirring the concrete raw material and the additive to obtain concrete;
the aggregate batching device comprises a feed hopper, a first conveying mechanism arranged below the feed hopper, a second conveying assembly arranged at the discharge end of the first conveying mechanism, and an aggregate cache box arranged at the discharge end of the second conveying assembly, wherein the discharge hole of the aggregate cache box is communicated with the feed inlet of the stirring equipment, the second conveying assembly comprises a second conveying mechanism and a closed cover covering the second conveying mechanism, and the ground clearance of the discharge end of the second conveying assembly is greater than that of the feed end of the second conveying assembly; and
the water supply device comprises a water supply pipe penetrating through the closed cover, a water buffer tank communicated with the water outlet end of the water supply pipe, and at least a heat exchanger used for preheating water in the water supply pipe, wherein the water outlet of the water buffer tank is communicated with the feed inlet of the stirring equipment; the heat exchanger is at least partially located within the enclosure to preheat aggregate located within the enclosure.
Particularly, the aggregate gets into aggregate buffering case via feeder hopper, first conveying mechanism and second conveyor components, and rivers carry out the heat exchange with the heat exchanger and can heat up through the in-process of delivery pipe to the water buffering incasement that flows in, open aggregate buffering case's discharge gate and the delivery port of water buffering case when needs produce the concrete, and the aggregate that accurate control got into in the agitated vessel and the feed volume of water can obtain the concrete that accords with the standard after fully mixing. It will be appreciated that the heat exchanger will primarily heat the water in the water supply conduit to a pre-heating temperature of 40 ℃ to 75 ℃ and that the residual heat from the heat exchanger will also be retained in the substantially closed enclosure to heat the aggregate in the second conveyor means to a pre-heating temperature of 5 ℃ to 10 ℃. So, can make full use of the heat of heat exchanger realize preheating water and aggregate simultaneously to under the prerequisite that improves the concrete and go out the quick-witted temperature, reduce the energy consumption of concrete mixing plant. So, can guarantee the temperature of leaving the jar and the income mould temperature of concrete to realize the purpose of comprehensive heat accumulation maintenance concrete under the heat preservation structural cover, thereby can save the energy that heats the extra consumption of back concrete after pouring, and then realize the energy-concerving and environment-protective purpose during winter concrete construction.
In this embodiment, optionally, the enclosure includes the bowl, and locates the heat preservation in the bowl outside, the bowl encloses and closes out the heat transfer space, second conveying mechanism's discharge end wears to establish the upper end in heat transfer space and extends to aggregate buffer tank. Therefore, the heat exchanger is retained in the heat exchange space by utilizing the reflecting cover as much as possible, reciprocates in the heat exchange space, and then is prevented from being influenced by the outside air temperature by utilizing the heat insulation layer, so that the energy utilization rate is improved. Specifically, optionally, the material of the reflector is configured to be a metal material such as an aluminum alloy, or the material of the reflector is configured to be a plastic material, a ceramic material, or the like, and a reflective coating is disposed on the inner side of the reflector; the insulating layer can be configured as insulating foam, insulating mat, etc. Of course, it is worth mentioning that in order to enable the water vapor in the heat exchange space to be discharged out of the sealing cover in time, the sealing cover is provided with a plurality of exhaust holes.
In this embodiment, optionally, the second conveying mechanism is configured as a slope belt conveyor, the slope belt conveyor includes a slope belt for supporting the aggregate, the first conveying mechanism is configured as a horizontal belt conveyor, and the slope belt conveyor includes a horizontal belt for supporting the aggregate. So, the aggregate that the messenger was sent by horizontal band conveyer can comparatively impartially disperse on the slope belt, is favorable to improving the heat exchange area of aggregate to it is comparatively impartial to make the aggregate preheating effect on the different regions, can also avoid the aggregate to pile up the problem that is mingled with ice and snow in it under the circumstances together. Of course, in other embodiments, the second conveyance mechanism may also be configured as a hopper lift.
In this embodiment, optionally, the water supply pipe extends upward from the lower end of the heat exchange space to the upper end of the heat exchange space, and extends out of the heat exchange space to the water buffer tank, the heat exchanger is configured as an electric heating pipe, the electric heating pipe spirally surrounds the periphery of the water supply pipe, and the electric heating pipe is disposed adjacent to the upper side of the slope belt. So, can enough utilize the most heat of electric heating tube to heat the water in the water supply pipe to improve the efficiency of preheating water, can fully utilize the surplus heat of electric heating tube to preheat the aggregate on the belt again. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the electric heating tube abuts against the outer side surface of the water supply tube to improve the heat exchange efficiency. Of course, in some embodiments, it is also possible that the electric heating tube is disposed adjacent to the outer side surface of the water supply tube. In other embodiments, the heat exchanger may also be configured as a heat generating sheet. In further embodiments, the heat exchanger is configured as a heating water pipe, i.e. the heating water pipe is connected to the secondary heating network of a winter central heating system, thereby reducing the electricity pressure of the concrete mixing plant and enabling the preheating of water and aggregate with a more cost-effective energy source.
In this embodiment, optionally, the heat exchanger is further configured to preheat water in the water buffer tank. Specifically, in an embodiment where the heat exchanger is configured as an electric heating tube, the heat exchanger includes a first tube section and a second tube section, the first tube section surrounds the outer periphery of the water supply tube, and the second tube section is at least partially located in the water buffer tank; the second pipe section and the first pipe section can be connected or separated. Thus, the heat exchange efficiency can be improved by inserting the second pipe section into the water buffer tank. When the two heating pipe sections of the second pipe section and the first pipe section are arranged in a split mode, the working power of the two heating pipe sections can be configured more flexibly, so that the preheating temperature of aggregate and the preheating temperature of water can be adjusted conveniently, the difference between the preheating temperatures of aggregate and water is larger, and the arrangement enables the concrete mixing plant to have more parameter adjustment degrees of freedom. Further alternatively, in an embodiment where the second pipe segment and the first pipe segment are separately disposed, the second pipe segment may be configured as an electric heating pipe, and the first pipe segment may be configured as a heating water pipe, or the second pipe segment may be configured as a heating water pipe, and the first pipe segment may be configured as an electric heating pipe. Of course, in other embodiments, it is also possible that both the first pipe section and the second pipe section are configured as heating water pipes.
The above description is only an alternative embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications and equivalents of the present invention, which are made by the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly/indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A winter concrete construction method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
preheating water and aggregate in the concrete raw material;
adding an additive into the concrete raw material and mixing to obtain concrete; wherein the admixture comprises an early strength agent;
detecting the tank outlet temperature of the concrete, and if the tank outlet temperature reaches a first preset value, transferring the concrete to a region to be poured and pouring; and
and covering the poured and molded concrete by adopting a heat insulation structure to carry out heat storage maintenance.
2. The winter concrete construction method according to claim 1, wherein after the step of covering the cast concrete with the heat preservation structure for heat storage curing, the winter concrete construction method further comprises the steps of:
the temperature of the temperature measuring point of the concrete is monitored regularly before the form is removed;
and if the actually measured temperature of the temperature measuring point is lower than a second preset value, heating the concrete by using a heating device.
3. The winter concrete construction method according to claim 2, wherein the temperature measuring points comprise surface temperature measuring points and internal temperature measuring points, the surface temperature measuring points are located on the outer surface of the concrete, and the internal temperature measuring points are located inside the concrete.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3, wherein said surface temperature measuring points are marked on the surface of said concrete every 5m, and each of said surface temperature measuring points is monitored at a frequency of 4 times a day and a night.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the admixture further comprises an anti-freezing agent.
6. The winter concrete construction method according to claim 5, wherein the step of mixing and adding an additive to the concrete raw material to obtain concrete comprises:
mixing the admixture into the water and premixing to obtain a mixed liquid;
respectively feeding the mixed liquid and the aggregate into a stirrer and stirring;
and feeding the cement into the mixer and mixing to obtain the concrete.
7. The winter concrete construction method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of preheating the water and the aggregate in the concrete raw material, the preheating temperature of the water is configured to be 40 ℃ to 75 ℃; and/or the preheating temperature of the aggregate is configured to be 5 ℃ to 10 ℃.
8. A concrete mixing plant for a winter concrete construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises:
the stirring equipment is used for stirring the concrete raw material and the additive to obtain concrete;
the aggregate batching device comprises a feed hopper, a first conveying mechanism arranged below the feed hopper, a second conveying assembly arranged at the discharge end of the first conveying mechanism, and an aggregate buffer box arranged at the discharge end of the second conveying assembly, wherein the discharge hole of the aggregate buffer box is communicated with the feed inlet of the stirring equipment, and the second conveying assembly comprises a second conveying mechanism and a sealing cover covering the second conveying mechanism; and
the water supply device comprises a water supply pipe penetrating through the closed cover, a water buffer tank communicated with the water outlet end of the water supply pipe and at least a heat exchanger used for preheating water in the water supply pipe, wherein the water outlet of the water buffer tank is communicated with the feed inlet of the stirring equipment; the heat exchanger is at least partially located within the enclosure to preheat aggregate located within the enclosure.
9. The concrete mixing plant according to claim 8, wherein the enclosure comprises a reflector and an insulating layer arranged outside the reflector, the reflector encloses a heat exchange space, the second conveying mechanism is configured as a slope belt conveyor, the slope belt conveyor comprises a slope belt for supporting the aggregate, and a discharge end of the slope belt penetrates through an upper end of the heat exchange space and extends to the aggregate buffer tank.
10. The concrete mixing plant according to claim 9, wherein the water supply pipe extends upward from the lower end of the heat exchange space to the upper end of the heat exchange space and extends out of the heat exchange space to the water buffer tank, the heat exchanger is spirally wound around the periphery of the water supply pipe, and the heat exchanger is arranged adjacent to the upper side surface of the slope belt.
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| CN215619094U (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2022-01-25 | 中国水利水电第三工程局有限公司 | Adjustable automatic aggregate heating machine for concrete construction in winter |
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| CN109676797A (en) * | 2019-02-23 | 2019-04-26 | 陕西四通建设商砼发展有限公司 | A kind of concrete mixing plant |
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