CN115338543A

CN115338543A - Laser grinding machine

Info

Publication number: CN115338543A
Application number: CN202211005163.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 黄永恒; 钱代数; 曾超峰; 刘志峰; 刘超; 罗显聪
Original assignee: Guangdong Original Point Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangdong Original Point Intelligent Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-05-16
Filing date: 2022-05-16
Publication date: 2022-11-15
Also published as: CN114619147A; CN114619147B

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing and discloses a laser grinding machine.A first laser grinding structure is positioned in front of a second laser grinding structure, the first laser grinding structure, the second laser grinding structure and a processing rotary table are arranged at a right angle, the structure is compact, the second laser grinding structure is skillfully arranged behind a first upright post and a second upright post, the space behind the laser grinding machine is fully utilized, the appearance is square under horizontal projection, the overlarge length of the laser grinding machine is avoided, and the occupied space of the laser grinding machine is reduced; when a workpiece is machined, the first laser grinding structure and the second laser grinding structure are synchronously machined in a mutually matched mode, secondary grinding quantity is skillfully carried out on the workpiece when the workpiece is reset and returned, redundant moving lines are not arranged, grinding efficiency is greatly improved, and the surface of the workpiece is smoother and smoother.

Description

Laser grinding machine

The application is a divisional application of patent applications with patent application numbers of '202210526535.7', application date of '2022 year 05 month 16 day', entitled 'a laser grinding machine and a laser grinding method'.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, in particular to a laser grinding machine.

Background

At present, when a product is subjected to surface thinning processing, a grinding wheel is generally adopted to grind the surface of a workpiece to be processed, but the processing efficiency of the method is low. At present, in order to improve the efficiency of product thinning, the surface of a workpiece to be processed is generally subjected to grinding and thinning processing by using laser, but the method has the following defects: 1. the single laser head has low processing efficiency, if two laser heads are adopted for processing, the two laser heads are generally arranged in a left-right mode, and the two laser heads can only transversely move, so that the whole processing machine tool has large length and large occupied space, and is difficult to reasonably place in a workshop; 2. a large amount of raised dust and chips can be generated when the surface of a workpiece is ground by laser, even if the peripheral plate structure is arranged, the raised dust and the chips are prevented from diffusing outwards and polluting the workshop environment, the raised dust and the chips can still fly upwards inside the whole machine tool, and the raised dust and the chips are easily attached to a linear driver or some precision mechanisms to influence the normal work of the linear driver or some precision mechanisms. In addition, although the air draft is carried out inside the outer surrounding plate structure for dust removal, the air draft and dust removal effect is poor due to too large space of a machine tool and poor sealing performance.

It is seen that improvements and enhancements in the prior art are needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a laser grinding machine and a laser grinding method, aiming at enabling the structure of a processing machine tool to be more compact and reducing the occupied space; but also limit the spread of raised dust and scraps and improve the effect of air draft and dust removal.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a laser grinding machine comprises a base frame, a bottom plate arranged on the base frame, a processing rotary table arranged on the bottom plate, a first upright post and a second upright post vertically arranged on the bottom plate, a cross beam crossing the tops of the first upright post and the second upright post, a longitudinal beam arranged at the top of the second upright post, an X-axis linear driver arranged on the cross beam, a first Z-axis linear driver arranged on the X-axis linear driver, a first laser grinding structure arranged on the first Z-axis linear driver, a Y-axis linear driver arranged on the longitudinal beam, a second Z-axis linear driver arranged on the Y-axis linear driver, a second laser grinding structure arranged on the second Z-axis linear driver, an inner protective shell and an outer protective plate structure arranged on the base frame; the first laser grinding structure is positioned in front of the second laser grinding structure, the processing rotary table is used for clamping a plurality of workpieces and driving the plurality of workpieces to rotate synchronously, and the first laser grinding structure and the second laser grinding structure are used for emitting laser to process the workpieces on the processing rotary table; the inner protective shell is located below the cross beam, the inner protective shell and the outer peripheral plate structure are enclosed to form a T-shaped processing area, the T-shaped processing area comprises a transverse moving area for the transverse moving of the first laser grinding structure and a longitudinal moving area for the longitudinal moving of the second laser grinding structure, the processing rotary table is located in the transverse moving area and in front of the longitudinal moving area, and the T-shaped processing area is used for exhausting air and removing dust through the dust collection structure.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the first laser grinding structure comprises a support arm extending vertically, two adjusting plates arranged in parallel at the bottom of the support arm, a swivel arranged between the two adjusting plates, and a laser assembly arranged on the swivel; one of the adjusting plates is provided with a dial and a locking structure which are coaxially arranged with the rotary head, and the rotary head is limited to rotate through the locking structure; the rotating head is provided with a pointer matched with the dial; the laser component is used for emitting laser to grind and thin a workpiece.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the inner protective shell comprises a front shell and a rear shell, the front shell is located in front of the first stand column and the second stand column, the rear shell is located between the first stand column and the second stand column, a front avoiding opening used for avoiding transverse movement of the first laser grinding structure is formed in the top of the front shell, the first laser grinding structure and the first follow-up enclosure structure are matched to be right in a matched mode, the front avoiding opening is enclosed and shielded, a rear avoiding opening used for avoiding longitudinal movement of the second laser grinding structure is formed in the top of the rear shell, and the second laser grinding structure and the second follow-up enclosure structure are matched to be right in a matched mode that the rear avoiding opening is enclosed and shielded.

As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the first follow-up enclosure structure includes a first organ cover, a second organ cover, and a front carriage disposed at the top of the front housing and movable along the extending direction of the front avoidance opening, one end of the front avoidance opening is connected to the front carriage through the first organ cover, the other end of the front avoidance opening is connected to the front carriage through the second organ cover, and the front carriage is provided with a first opening for the support arm of the first laser grinding structure to pass through; preceding balladeur train includes the protecgulum and sets up the preceding tray in the protecgulum bottom, first opening is seted up on the protecgulum, first square mouth has been seted up on the preceding tray, every border of first square mouth all is equipped with the boosting subassembly, and every boosting subassembly includes support, two gyro wheels that rotationally set up respectively at the support both ends.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the dust collection structure comprises a support fixedly arranged outside the support arm and a dust collection joint arranged at the bottom of the support, wherein a pipe clamp is arranged at the top of the support arm, an outlet pipe opening for routing a dust collection branch pipe is formed in the support arm, the dust collection branch pipe penetrates through an inner cavity of the support arm into which the pipe clamp is arranged, and the dust collection joint is connected with the dust collection joint on the support after being led out from the outlet pipe opening.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the dust collection structure further comprises a dust collection port arranged on the inner protective shell, the dust collection port is arranged in the longitudinal movement area and faces the transverse movement area, and the dust collection port is connected with the main dust collection pipe.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the processing turntable comprises a base, a circular turntable and a driving device, wherein the circular turntable is rotatably arranged above the base, the driving device is used for driving the circular turntable to rotate, a plurality of magnetic suction fixtures are arranged on the circular turntable, and the magnetic suction fixtures are arrayed around the edge of the circular turntable.

As a further improvement of the above technical scheme, the magnetic attraction fixture comprises a base body and a limiting component arranged on the base body, wherein a plurality of grooves are formed in the upper surface of the base body, a magnet matched with the grooves in shape is placed in each groove, the magnet is used for magnetically attracting the workpiece to enable the workpiece to be flatly pressed on the upper surface of the base body, and the limiting component is used for limiting the edge of the workpiece to prevent the workpiece from sliding out of the base body.

As a further improvement of the technical scheme, a measuring head fixing seat is arranged on the adjusting plate, and a workpiece measuring head is arranged on the measuring head fixing seat; the rotary head is provided with an air blow pipe fixing seat, and an air blow pipe is arranged on the air blow pipe fixing seat; the adjusting plates are connected and reinforced through transverse plates, and a turning tool is arranged on one of the adjusting plates.

A laser grinding method based on the laser grinding machine is provided, wherein the method comprises

S1, clamping a plurality of workpieces to be machined on a machining rotary table;

s2, adjusting the angle of a laser assembly of the first laser grinding structure to enable the included angle between the laser emission direction of the laser assembly and the upper surface of the workpiece to be a preset angle;

s3, adjusting the angle of a laser assembly of the second laser grinding structure to enable the included angle between the laser emission direction of the laser assembly and the upper surface of the workpiece to be a preset angle;

s4, measuring the height of the upper surface of the workpiece, driving all the workpieces to synchronously rotate by the processing rotary table, forming a circular processing area when the processing rotary table drives all the workpieces to rotate, and forming an outer ring boundary and an inner ring boundary in the circular processing area;

s5, adjusting the height of a first laser grinding structure through a first Z-axis linear driver, enabling the first laser grinding structure to emit laser and to transversely move towards the direction close to the central axis of the machining rotary table under the driving of an X-axis linear driver, enabling the laser to firstly cross over the outer ring boundary of the circular ring machining area to enter the circular ring machining area, enabling the laser to irradiate the surface of a workpiece to grind and move towards the inner ring boundary at a preset speed, and enabling the surface grinding amount of the workpiece to be X ₁ ；

S6, adjusting the height of a second laser grinding structure through a second Z-axis linear driver, enabling the second laser grinding structure to emit laser and longitudinally move towards the direction close to the central axis of the processing rotary table under the driving of a Y-axis linear driver, enabling the laser to firstly cross the outer ring boundary of the circular processing area to enter the circular processing area, irradiating the laser on the surface of the workpiece to realize grinding and moving towards the inner ring boundary according to a preset speed; surface grinding amount of the workpiece is x ₂ ；

S7, when the first laser grinding structure emits laser to cross the inner ring boundary, the first laser grinding structure stops emitting the laser until the second laser grinding structure emits the laser to cross the inner ring boundary, the first Z-axis linear driver drives the first laser grinding structure to ascend to a set height, the first laser grinding structure emits the laser again and transversely moves towards the direction far away from the central axis of the processing turntable, the laser firstly crosses the inner ring boundary to enter a circular ring-shaped processing area, the laser irradiates the surface of a workpiece to achieve grinding and moves towards the outer ring boundary at a preset speed, and the surface grinding amount of the workpiece is x ₃ ；

S8, the second Z-axis linear driver drives the second laser grinding structure to rise to a set height, the second laser grinding structure emits laser again and moves transversely in the direction of the central axis far away from the processing rotary table, the laser firstly crosses the inner ring boundary to enter the annular processing area, the laser irradiates the surface of the workpiece to realize grinding and moves towards the outer ring boundary at a preset speed, and the surface grinding amount of the workpiece is x ₄ ；

S9, first laser grinding junctionWhen the structure emits laser to cross the boundary of the outer ring, the first laser grinding structure stops emitting the laser and resets to an initial position; when the laser emitted by the second laser grinding structure crosses the boundary of the outer ring, the second laser grinding structure stops emitting the laser and resets to the initial position, and the total grinding quantity of the workpiece is X = X ₁ +x ₂ +x ₃ +x ₄ ，x ₁ >0.1mm，x ₂ >0.1mm，x ₃ <0.1mm，x ₄ <0.1mm。

Has the advantages that:

compared with the prior art, the laser grinding machine provided by the invention has the following advantages:

1. first laser grinding structure is located the place ahead of second laser grinding structure, the removal grinding direction of first laser grinding structure is horizontal, the removal grinding direction of second laser grinding structure is vertical, removal grinding direction mutually exclusive between them, mutually noninterference, through setting up the rear at first stand and second stand with second laser grinding structure ingeniously, make full use of the space at laser grinding machine rear, laser grinding machine is the square under the horizontal projection, first laser grinding structure, second laser grinding structure and processing revolving stage are the right angle and arrange, compact structure, avoid laser grinding machine's length too big, reduce laser grinding machine's occupation space, be applicable to the workshop place better and place.

2. Because the T-shaped processing area formed by enclosing the inner protective shell and the outer peripheral plate structure is in a closed state, raised dust and chips generated in the processing process of a workpiece are limited in the T-shaped processing area, the raised dust and the chips are prevented from polluting parts outside the T-shaped processing area, the normal operation of the parts is ensured, and the maintenance period is shortened. Meanwhile, the dust collector sucks air and collects dust in the T-shaped processing area, the space volume of the T-shaped processing area is less than half of the space volume of the inner cavity of the whole laser grinding machine, and the sealing performance of the T-shaped processing area is good, so that greater negative pressure can be formed in the T-shaped processing area during air suction and dust collection, the residual quantity of dust and cuttings in the laser grinding machine is greatly reduced, and a better waste scrap treatment effect is achieved. Even after the workpieces are machined, the front door body is opened by workers, dust and chips cannot diffuse outwards from the front door body, and the cleanliness of a production workshop is guaranteed.

3. The laser processing through first laser grinding structure and second laser grinding structure mutually noninterfere to the mode synchronous processing of mutually supporting, and carry out secondary grinding volume to the work piece when returning resetting ingeniously, do not have unnecessary removal circuit, improve grinding efficiency greatly, the surface of work piece is more smooth level and smooth.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a laser grinding machine.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the laser grinding machine.

Fig. 3 is a first perspective view of the laser grinding machine.

Fig. 4 is a second perspective view of the laser grinding machine.

Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a first laser grinding structure.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the turret and laser assembly.

Fig. 7 is a perspective view of the inner protective shell.

Fig. 8 is a partially enlarged view of the area a in fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a perspective view of the processing turret.

Fig. 10 is a plan view of the processing turret.

Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the magnetic chuck.

Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the magnetic chuck after clamping a workpiece.

Detailed Description

The present invention provides a laser grinding machine and a laser grinding method, and in order to make the objects, technical schemes and effects of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below by referring to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the scope of the invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 12, the present invention provides a laser grinding machine, which includes a base frame 1, a bottom plate 11 disposed on the base frame 1, a processing turntable 2 disposed on the bottom plate 11, a first upright column 31 and a second upright column 32 vertically disposed on the bottom plate 11, a cross beam 33 crossing the tops of the first upright column 31 and the second upright column 32, a longitudinal beam 34 disposed on the top of the second upright column 32, an X-axis linear driver 35 disposed on the cross beam 33, a first Z-axis linear driver 36 disposed on the X-axis linear driver 35, a first laser grinding structure 4 disposed on the first Z-axis linear driver 36, a Y-axis linear driver 37 disposed on the longitudinal beam 34, a second Z-axis linear driver 38 disposed on the Y-axis linear driver 37, a second laser grinding structure 40 disposed on the second Z-axis linear driver 38, and an inner protective shell 6 and a peripheral plate structure 7 disposed on the base frame 1; first laser grinding structure 4 is located the place ahead of first stand 31 and second stand 32, second laser grinding structure 40 is located the rear of two first stands 31 and second stand 32, first laser grinding structure 4 is located the place ahead of second laser grinding structure 40 promptly, the removal grinding direction of first laser grinding structure 4 is horizontal, the removal grinding direction of second laser grinding structure 40 is vertical, the removal grinding direction of both is mutually different, mutually noninterfere, through setting up second laser grinding structure 40 at the rear of first stand 31 and second stand 32 ingeniously, make full use of the space behind the laser grinding machine, the laser grinding machine is the square under horizontal projection, avoid the length of laser grinding machine too big, reduce the occupation space of laser grinding machine, be applicable to the place shop better and place.

The processing rotary table 2 is used for clamping a plurality of workpieces 20 and driving the plurality of workpieces 20 to synchronously rotate, and the first laser grinding structure 4 and the second laser grinding structure 40 are used for emitting laser to process the workpieces on the processing rotary table 2; the inner protective shell 6 is positioned below the cross beam 33, the inner part of the inner protective shell 6 and the outer peripheral plate structure 7 are shielded to form a T-shaped processing area 63, the T-shaped processing area 63 comprises a transverse moving area 631 for the transverse movement of the first laser grinding structure 4 and a longitudinal moving area 632 for the longitudinal movement of the second laser grinding structure 40, and the T-shaped processing area 63 is subjected to air draft dust removal through a dust suction structure. The processing turntable 2 is located in the transverse moving area 631 and in front of the longitudinal moving area 632, that is, in a non-working state, the first laser grinding structure 4, the second laser grinding structure 40 and the processing turntable 2 are arranged at a right angle, and therefore, the structure is compact and the processing is flexible.

During machining, a worker opens a front door body 711 on the peripheral plate structure 7, clamps batch workpieces on the machining rotary table 2, then closes the front door body 711, the machining rotary table 2 drives all the workpieces 20 to rotate synchronously, the first laser grinding structure 4 emits laser under the control of the control system and moves transversely to perform laser grinding on the workpieces 20 on the machining rotary table 2, and similarly, the second laser grinding structure 40 also emits laser under the control of the control system and moves longitudinally to perform laser grinding on the workpieces on the machining rotary table 2 in combination with the first laser grinding structure 4, so that the laser grinding efficiency is improved; because the T-shaped processing area 63 formed by enclosing the inner protective shell 6 and the outer peripheral plate structure 7 is in a closed state, raised dust and chips generated in the processing process of a workpiece are limited in the T-shaped processing area 63, the raised dust and chips are prevented from polluting parts outside the T-shaped processing area 63, the normal operation of the parts is ensured, and the maintenance period is shortened. Meanwhile, the dust collector sucks air and collects dust in the T-shaped processing area 63, the space volume of the T-shaped processing area 63 is less than half of the space volume of the inner cavity of the whole laser grinding machine, and the sealing performance of the T-shaped processing area 63 is good, so that greater negative pressure can be formed in the T-shaped processing area 63 during air suction and dust removal, the residual quantity of dust and cutting scraps in the laser grinding machine is greatly reduced, and a better waste scrap treatment effect is achieved. Even after the workpieces are machined, the front door body 711 is opened by workers, dust and cutting chips cannot diffuse outwards from the front door body 711, and the cleanliness of a production workshop is guaranteed.

The X-axis linear driver 35, the Y-axis linear driver 37, the first Z-axis linear driver 36 and the second Z-axis linear driver 38 are of a linear module structure, and the main effect is to provide a linear motion output end; the X-axis linear driver 35 is used for driving the first Z-axis linear driver 36 and the first laser grinding structure 4 to move transversely; the first Z-axis linear driver 36 is used for driving the first laser grinding structure 4 to move vertically, and the Y-axis linear driver 37 is used for driving the second Z-axis linear driver 38 and the second laser grinding structure 40 to move longitudinally; the second Z-axis linear driver 38 is used for driving the second laser grinding structure 40 to move vertically.

Specifically, referring to fig. 5 and 6, the first laser grinding structure 4 includes a supporting arm 41 extending vertically, two adjusting plates 42 disposed at the bottom of the supporting arm 41 in parallel, a rotating head 43 disposed between the two adjusting plates 42, and a laser assembly 44 disposed on the rotating head 43; one of the adjusting plates 42 is provided with a dial 45 and a locking structure 47 which are coaxially arranged with the rotary head 43, and the rotary head 43 is limited to rotate through the locking structure 47; the rotating head 43 is provided with a pointer 46 matched with the dial 45; the laser assembly 44 is used for emitting laser, so that the laser grinds and thins the workpiece. In this embodiment, the workpiece is in a block shape or a polygonal block shape, the workpiece is flatly placed on the fixture, that is, the workpiece is parallel to the horizontal plane, an included angle between the laser emitted by the laser assembly 44 and the upper surface of the workpiece is a preset angle, wherein the preset angle is 0-45 °, and before batch processing, a worker can adjust a laser inclination angle (that is, an included angle between the laser and the horizontal plane) according to the processing requirements of the workpiece; when the material of the workpiece is hard or the cutting amount is large, the included angle between the laser and the upper surface of the workpiece is adjusted to be large; when the hardness of the material of the workpiece is small or the cutting amount is small, the included angle between the laser and the upper surface of the workpiece is adjusted to be small.

During adjustment, the rotating head 43 can be slowly rotated by loosening the locking structure 47, the reading of the pointer 46 is correspondingly changed along with the rotation of the rotating head 43, reference is provided for the operation of a worker, the rotating head 43 is locked again after the rotating head 43 is slowly rotated to a proper angle, the adjustment of the laser emitting angle of the laser assembly 44 is completed, the adjustment is flexible and convenient, and the laser grinding effect is ensured.

Specifically, the locking structure 47 includes at least one long through hole disposed on the periphery of the dial plate 45, and threaded holes disposed on the rotary head 43 and corresponding to the long through holes one by one, each long through hole passes through a screw and is connected with the threaded hole, and the head of the screw is locked on the adjusting plate 42. In this embodiment, in order to increase the locking force to the

swivel

43, 4 through holes are arranged in the long shape; the long through hole refers to a non-circular hole, and specifically can be a rectangular hole, a waist-shaped hole, a round-corner rectangular hole and the like. When the orientation of the rotor 43 needs to be changed, the screw is loosened, the orientation of the rotor 43 is adjusted according to the reading of the pointer 46 on the dial 45, and then the rotor is locked again, so that the adjustment is convenient.

Specifically, the laser assembly 44 includes a laser head 441 fixed at the top of the swivel 43, a reflector arranged inside the swivel 43, a mirror base 442 fixed on the swivel 43, and a vibrating mirror arranged on the mirror base 442, wherein the top of the laser head 441 extends into the inner cavity of the supporting arm 41, and the laser head 441 is used for emitting laser into the swivel so that the laser sequentially passes through the reflector and the vibrating mirror to be emitted.

Specifically, the inner protective shell 6 comprises a front shell 61 and a rear shell 62, the front shell 61 is positioned in front of the first upright column 31 and the second upright column 32, the rear shell 62 is positioned between the first upright column 31 and the second upright column 32, bottom sealing flanges 601 connected with the bottom plate 11 are arranged at the bottoms of the front shell 61 and the rear shell 62, and side sealing flanges 602 connected with a peripheral plate structure are arranged on the front shell 61 and the rear shell 62; through the arrangement of the bottom face sealing flange 601 and the side face sealing flange 602, on one hand, the front shell 61 and the rear shell 62 are convenient to fix through screws, on the other hand, because the bottom face sealing flange 601 is tightly attached to the bottom plate 11, and the side face sealing flange 602 is tightly attached to the peripheral plate structure 7, the bottom face gaps between the front shell 61 and the rear shell 62 and the bottom plate 11 and the side face gaps between the front shell 61 and the rear shell 62 and the peripheral plate structure 7 are eliminated, so that dust and scraps are prevented from escaping from the T-shaped processing area 63 from the bottom face gaps and the side face gaps, and the sealing performance of the T-shaped processing area 63 is improved.

Further, a front avoidance port 64 for avoiding the transverse movement of the first laser grinding structure 4 is formed in the top of the front housing 61, and the first laser grinding structure 4 and the first follow-up shielding structure 5 cooperate to shield the front avoidance port 64 so as to prevent flying dust and chips from escaping from the T-shaped processing area 63 through the front avoidance port 64; the back that is used for dodging second laser grinding structure 40 and indulges and move is offered at the top of back casing 62 dodges mouthful 65, and second laser grinding structure 40 encloses with the second follow-up and covers the structure 8 cooperation right the back is dodged mouthful 65 and is enclosed and cover to avoid raise dust and smear metal to dodge mouthful 65 after through and flee T shape machining area 63.

In this embodiment, the first following shielding structure 5 includes a first organ cover 51, a second organ cover 52, and a front carriage 53 disposed at the top of the front housing 61 and movable along the extending direction of a front avoiding port 64, one end of the front avoiding port 64 is connected to the front carriage 53 through the first organ cover 51, the other end of the front avoiding port 64 is connected to the front carriage 53 through the second organ cover 52, and the front carriage 53 is provided with a first opening 54 for the arm 41 of the first laser grinding structure to pass through; i.e., the first opening 54 through which the arm 41 on the first laser grinding structure 4 passes. When the first laser grinding structure 4 works, the support arm 41 on the first laser grinding structure 4 pulls the front sliding frame 53 to move synchronously when moving transversely, so that the first organ cover 51 and the second organ cover 52 are driven to move telescopically, the front avoiding opening 64 is always ensured to be in a shielding state, and dust and chips are prevented from escaping from the T-shaped processing area 63 from the front avoiding opening 64.

Further, the front sliding frame 53 comprises a front cover plate 531 and a front tray 532 arranged at the bottom of the front cover plate 531, the first opening 54 is formed in the front cover plate 531, a first square opening 55 is formed in the front tray 532, each edge of the first square opening 55 is provided with a boosting assembly 56, and each boosting assembly 56 comprises a support 561 and two rollers 562 which are respectively and rotatably arranged at two ends of the support 561. In addition, when the support arm 41 of the first laser grinding structure 4 vertically moves, the support arm 41 of the first laser grinding structure 4 drives the roller 562 to rotate, so that friction is small, and the support arm 41 of the first laser grinding structure 4 is prevented from rubbing the front cover plate 531 and the front tray 532 of the front carriage 53.

Preferably, two transversely extending front guide rails 68 are provided on the front housing 61, and the front carriage 53 is slidably connected to the front guide rails 68 through sliders 69, so that the front carriage 53 moves smoothly, and the load on the first laser grinding structure is reduced as much as possible.

It should be noted that the first following enclosure structure 5 and the second following enclosure structure 8 have the same structure, and those skilled in the art can set the second following enclosure structure 8 according to the first following enclosure structure 5, so that the structure of the second following enclosure structure 8 is not described again.

Further, the peripheral plate structure 7 includes a front panel 71, a rear panel 72, a left panel 73, a right panel, an upper panel 75, a front door 711 provided on the front panel 71, a left door 731 provided on the left panel 73, a right door provided on the right panel, and a rear door 721 provided on the rear panel 72; the rear panel 72 is provided with a dust suction pipe interface 722, the front door body 711, the left door body 731, the right door body and the rear door body 721 are all connected with corresponding panels through hinges, and the front panel 71, the rear panel 72, the left panel 73 and the right panel enclose a square wrapping structure with a lower opening.

Specifically, dust collection structure is in including setting firmly at the outside support 971 of support arm 41 and setting the dust absorption of the bottom of support 971 connects 972, the top of support arm 41 is provided with pipe clamp 973, set up the mouth of pipe that supplies dust absorption branch pipe 974 to walk the line on the support arm 41, dust absorption branch pipe 974 passes pipe clamp 973 and enters the inner chamber of support arm 41, connects 972 to be connected with the dust absorption on the support 971 after drawing forth from the mouth of pipe. When a workpiece is subjected to laser grinding, negative pressure is formed on the dust suction branch pipe 974 under the action of a dust suction machine, and dust and chips are sucked into the dust suction branch pipe 974, so that on one hand, the dust and chips in the numerical control machine are better collected and processed, and the neatness of the interior of the numerical control machine is improved; on the other hand, the shielding of dust and cutting scraps on laser is reduced, and the laser grinding effect is ensured.

Further, the dust suction structure further comprises a dust suction port 98 arranged on the inner protective shell 6, the dust suction port 98 is arranged in the longitudinal movement area 632 and faces the transverse movement area 631, and the dust suction port 98 is connected with a main dust suction pipe 99. Because the T-shaped processing area 63 formed by enclosing the inner protective shell 6, the bottom plate 11 and the outer peripheral plate structure 7 is in a closed state, dust and chips generated in the processing process of a workpiece are limited in the T-shaped processing area 63, the dust and the chips are prevented from polluting parts outside the T-shaped processing area 63, the normal operation of the parts is ensured, and the maintenance period is shortened. Meanwhile, the dust collector sucks air and collects dust to the T-shaped processing area 63, because the space volume of the T-shaped processing area 63 is less than half of the space volume of the inner cavity of the whole laser numerical control machine tool, the sealing performance of the T-shaped processing area 63 is better, the T-shaped processing area 63 can form larger negative pressure when air suction is used for dust removal, raised dust and chips are more easily sucked out from the dust suction port 98 under the driving of strong airflow, the residual quantity of the raised dust and the chips in the laser numerical control machine tool is greatly reduced, and a better waste chip treatment effect is achieved. Even after the workpieces are machined, the front door body 711 is opened by workers, dust and chips cannot diffuse outwards from the front door body 711, and the cleanliness of a production workshop is guaranteed.

Specifically, processing revolving stage 2 includes base 21, rotationally sets up circular carousel 22 in base 21 top, is used for driving circular carousel 22 pivoted drive arrangement 23, be provided with a plurality of magnetism on the circular carousel 22 and inhale anchor clamps 24, magnetism is inhaled anchor clamps 24 and is arranged around circular carousel 22's border array, and adjacent two magnetism inhale anchor clamps 24 near the setting, and adjacent two magnetism inhale the clearance between anchor clamps 24 less promptly to add the quantity of magnetism and inhale anchor clamps 24 in the at utmost.

Further, the magnetic suction fixture 24 includes a base 241 and a limiting component 242 disposed on the base 241, the upper surface of the base 241 is provided with a plurality of grooves 243, each groove 243 is provided with a magnet 244 having a shape adapted to the shape of the groove 243, the magnet 244 is used for magnetically sucking the workpiece 20, so that the workpiece 20 is flatly pressed on the upper surface of the base 241, and the limiting component 242 is used for limiting the edge of the workpiece to prevent the workpiece from sliding out of the base 241.

In order to facilitate the manufacture of the magnet 244, the recess 243 is a circular blind hole, and the magnet 244 has a circular ring shape. The magnet 244 is secured in the groove 243 by a countersunk screw, preventing the magnet 244 from being carried away from the groove 243 by the workpiece.

In this embodiment, the middle portion of the seat body 241 is provided with a counter bore 245 extending vertically and penetrating through the seat body 241, the circular turntable 22 of the processing turntable 2 is provided with positioning threaded holes which are the same in number as the counter bores 245 and correspond to one another one by one, each of the counter bores 245 is provided with a positioning screw, and the positioning screw passes through the counter bore 245 and is fixedly connected with the positioning threaded hole, so that the seat body 241 is locked on the circular turntable 22.

Furthermore, the grooves 243 are provided with 3 grooves which are circumferentially arranged around the countersunk holes 245, that is, 3 magnets 244 which are distributed in a triangular manner are placed on the seat body 241, so as to ensure that enough magnetic force is generated to firmly adsorb the workpiece on the seat body 241,

preferably, the limiting component 242 includes a blocking piece 2421 and a locking screw 2422, a waist-shaped hole extending along the vertical direction is formed on the blocking piece 2421, the same number of mounting planes as the limiting component 242 are arranged on the peripheral wall of the seat body 241, and a threaded hole matched with the locking screw 2422 is formed on the mounting plane. When the blocking sheet 2421 is installed, the blocking sheet 2421 is ensured to be vertically placed, the top surface of the blocking sheet 2421 is higher than the upper surface of the seat body 241, then the blocking sheet 2421 is fixed through the locking screw 2422, and the blocking sheet 2421 plays a positioning role in placing a workpiece. When the processing turntable 2 works, the workpiece can generate centrifugal force under the rotation action, so that the limiting assemblies 242 are provided with two groups and are close to the outer ring boundary 27, the limiting assemblies 242 block the workpiece, and the workpiece is prevented from slipping to separate from the base 241 to influence the processing effect.

After the workpiece is machined, the worker pushes the workpiece to move horizontally in the direction away from the limiting component 242, the magnetic attraction force exerted on the workpiece is gradually reduced, and the workpiece can be taken down easily.

The adjusting plate 42 is provided with a measuring head fixing seat 91, and the measuring head fixing seat 91 is provided with a workpiece measuring head 92. When the workpiece measuring head 92 is displaced to the upper side of the workpiece and then moves vertically downward, the height of the upper surface of the workpiece can be determined as the height of the machining reference surface when the workpiece measuring head 92 is in contact with the upper surface of the workpiece.

Preferably, a measuring head fixing seat 91 is arranged on the adjusting plate 42, and a workpiece measuring head 92 is arranged on the measuring head fixing seat 91; an air blowing pipe fixing seat 93 is arranged on the rotary head 43, and an air blowing pipe 94 is arranged on the air blowing pipe fixing seat 93; because a large amount of dust and chips are generated during laser grinding, the gas blowing pipe 94 continuously blows gas towards the laser emitting direction, and the dust and chips are prevented from shielding the laser and influencing the chip effect.

Preferably, regulating plate 42 is connected the reinforcement through diaphragm 95, is provided with lathe tool 96 on one of them regulating plate 42, and when anchor clamps used for a long time, the upper surface of pedestal 241 can produce wearing and tearing, leads to the work piece clamping unstable, influences the laser grinding attenuate effect. During maintenance, when the machining turntable 2 drives all the fixtures to rotate around the main shaft of the machining turntable, the turning tool 96 can turn and flatten the upper surfaces of all the seat bodies 241, so that the workpiece is stably placed, and the cutting effect is good.

The invention also provides the laser grinding machine and the laser grinding method, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

s1, clamping a plurality of workpieces to be machined on a machining rotary table 2.

S2, adjusting the angle of the laser assembly 44 of the first laser grinding structure 4 to enable the included angle between the laser emission direction of the laser assembly 44 and the upper surface of the workpiece to be a preset angle; the size of the preset angle is set according to the material of the workpiece and the cutting amount.

S3, adjusting the angle of the laser assembly 44 of the second laser grinding structure 40 to enable the included angle between the laser emission direction of the laser assembly 44 and the upper surface of the workpiece to be a preset angle; the size of the preset angle is set according to the material of the workpiece and the cutting amount.

And S4, measuring the height of the upper surface of the workpiece to obtain a processing reference surface, driving all the workpieces to synchronously rotate by the processing rotary table 2, forming a circular processing area 25 when the processing rotary table 2 drives all the workpieces to rotate, and forming an outer ring boundary 27 and an inner ring boundary in the circular processing area 25 under horizontal projection. It should be noted that all the workpieces are processed synchronously, and in the processing process, the processing turntable 2 drives all the workpieces to rotate continuously until the processing is completed.

S5, adjusting the height of the first laser grinding structure 4 through the first Z-axis linear driver 36, enabling the first laser grinding structure 4 to emit laser and to transversely move towards the direction close to the central axis of the machining rotary table 2 under the driving of the X-axis linear driver 35, enabling the laser to firstly cross the outer ring boundary 27 of the machining area to enter the annular machining area, enabling the laser to irradiate the surface of the workpiece to grind and move towards the inner ring boundary at a preset speed, and enabling the surface grinding amount of the workpiece to be X ₁ . It will be appreciated that the predetermined speed at which the X-axis linear drive 35 drives the first laser milling mechanism 4 is slow, while the predetermined speed at which the machining turret 2 drives all of the workpieces is high, such that the laser beam passes over the outer boundary of the machining area and then impinges on the outer boundary of the machining areaThe outer edge of the surface of one workpiece forms a first grinding pit, the workpiece is processed into an arc-shaped grinding pit by laser under the drive of the processing rotary table, then the rest workpieces are processed into the same grinding by the laser one by one under the drive of the processing rotary table until a workpiece which is firstly contacted with the laser passes through the laser, a second grinding pit is formed on the workpiece, and the first grinding pit and the second grinding pit are communicated with each other due to the fact that the laser moves transversely at a slow speed and the workpiece rotates at a high speed, namely the area between the first grinding pit and the second grinding pit is ground by the laser; as the laser moves slowly toward the inner race boundary, the surfaces of all the workpieces are gradually ground, so that the first laser grinding laser grinds the surfaces of all the workpieces by the same grinding amount.

S6, adjusting the height of a second laser grinding structure 40 through a second Z-axis linear driver 38, enabling the second laser grinding structure 40 to emit laser and longitudinally move towards the direction close to the central axis of the machining turntable 2 under the driving of a Y-axis linear driver 37, enabling the laser to firstly cross over the outer ring boundary 27 of the circular ring machining area to enter the machining area, irradiating the laser on the surface of a workpiece to realize grinding, and moving towards the inner ring boundary according to a preset speed; surface grinding amount of the workpiece is x ₂ (ii) a It should be noted that, in order to improve the processing efficiency, after the laser emitted from the first laser grinding structure 4 enters the circular ring-shaped processing area, the laser emitted from the second laser grinding structure 40 can immediately follow the laser to enter the circular ring-shaped processing area, and the moving speed of the first laser grinding structure 4 should be greater than or equal to the moving speed of the second laser grinding structure 40. The second laser grinding mechanism 40 processes all the workpieces synchronously in the same manner as the first laser grinding mechanism 4 processes all the workpieces synchronously, and will not be described herein again.

S7, when the first laser grinding structure 4 emits laser to cross the inner ring boundary, the first laser grinding structure 4 stops emitting the laser until the second laser grinding structure 40 emits the laser to cross the inner ring boundary, the first Z-axis linear driver 36 drives the first laser grinding structure 4 to ascend to a set height, the first laser grinding structure 4 emits the laser again and transversely moves towards the direction far away from the central axis of the processing turntable 2, and the laser firstly crosses the inner ring edgeThe boundary 26 enters into a circular ring-shaped processing area, the laser irradiates on the surface of the workpiece to realize grinding and moves towards an outer ring boundary 27 according to a preset speed, and the surface grinding amount of the workpiece is x ₃ 。

S8, the second Z-axis linear driver 38 drives the second laser grinding structure 40 to ascend to a set height, the second laser grinding structure 40 emits laser again and transversely moves towards the direction of the central axis far away from the processing rotary table 2, the laser firstly crosses the inner ring boundary 26 to enter the circular ring-shaped processing area, the laser irradiates the surface of the workpiece to realize grinding and moves towards the outer ring boundary 27 at a preset speed, and the surface grinding amount of the workpiece is x ₄ . S9, when the laser emitted by the first laser grinding structure 4 crosses the outer ring boundary 27, stopping laser emission of the first laser grinding structure 4 and resetting to an initial position; when the second laser grinding structure 40 emits laser light to cross the outer ring boundary 27, the second laser grinding structure 40 stops emitting the laser light and is reset to the initial position, and the total grinding amount of the workpiece is X = X ₁ +x ₂ +x ₃ +x ₄ ，x ₁ >0.1mm，x ₂ >0.1mm，x ₃ <0.1mm，x ₄ <0.1mm，x ₁ And x ₂ Is greater than x ₃ And x ₄ Due to the grinding amount of x ₃ And x ₄ The grinding amount is smaller, the surface of the workpiece is smoother, and the flatness of the processed surface is higher. It should be noted that, since the focal length of the laser is fixed, under the condition that the angle of the first laser grinding structure and the second laser grinding structure is not changed, the height of the first laser grinding structure 4 is adjusted by the first Z-axis linear driver 36, and the height of the second laser grinding structure 40 is adjusted by the second Z-axis linear driver 38, so that the height of the corresponding laser head relative to the workpiece can be controlled, and the laser grinding amount can be changed.

In conclusion, the laser processing of the first laser grinding structure 4 and the second laser grinding structure 40 are not interfered with each other, and are synchronously processed in a mutual matching manner, and the workpiece is ingeniously subjected to secondary grinding amount during the resetting return process, no redundant moving line exists, so that the grinding efficiency is greatly improved, and the surface of the workpiece is smoother and smoother.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, merely for convenience of description and simplification of the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; may be mechanically connected, may be electrically connected or may be in communication with each other; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other suitable relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific situations by those of ordinary skill in the art.

It should be understood that equivalents and modifications to the disclosed embodiments and inventive concepts may occur to persons skilled in the art, and all such modifications and/or alterations are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The laser grinding machine is characterized by comprising a base frame, a bottom plate arranged on the base frame, a processing rotary table arranged on the bottom plate, a first upright post and a second upright post vertically arranged on the bottom plate, a cross beam arranged on the tops of the first upright post and the second upright post in a crossing manner, a longitudinal beam arranged on the top of the second upright post, an X-axis linear driver arranged on the cross beam, a first Z-axis linear driver arranged on the X-axis linear driver, a first laser grinding structure arranged on the first Z-axis linear driver, a Y-axis linear driver arranged on the longitudinal beam, a second Z-axis linear driver arranged on the Y-axis linear driver, a second laser grinding structure arranged on the second Z-axis linear driver, and a peripheral plate structure arranged on the base frame; the first laser grinding structure is positioned in front of the second laser grinding structure, the processing rotary table is used for clamping a plurality of workpieces and driving the plurality of workpieces to rotate synchronously, and the first laser grinding structure and the second laser grinding structure are used for emitting laser to process the workpieces on the processing rotary table; the peripheral plate structure comprises a front panel, a rear panel, a left panel, a right panel, an upper panel, a front door body arranged on the front panel, a left door body arranged on the left panel, a right door body arranged on the right panel and a rear door body arranged on the rear panel; and the rear panel is provided with a dust suction pipe interface.

2. The laser grinding machine as claimed in claim 1, wherein the under frame is provided with an inner protective shell located below the cross beam, the inner protective shell and the outer peripheral plate structure are shielded to form a T-shaped processing area, the T-shaped processing area comprises a traverse area for traversing the first laser grinding structure and a longitudinal area for longitudinally moving the second laser grinding structure, the processing turntable is located in the traverse area and in front of the longitudinal area, and the T-shaped processing area is subjected to air suction for removing dust by the dust suction structure.

3. The laser grinding machine according to claim 2, wherein the inner protective shell comprises a front shell and a rear shell, the front shell is located in front of the first upright and the second upright, the rear shell is located between the first upright and the second upright, a front avoidance port for avoiding the transverse movement of the first laser grinding structure is formed in the top of the front shell, the first laser grinding structure and the first follow-up enclosure structure cooperate to enclose and shield the front avoidance port, a rear avoidance port for avoiding the longitudinal movement of the second laser grinding structure is formed in the top of the rear shell, and the second laser grinding structure and the second follow-up enclosure structure cooperate to enclose and shield the rear avoidance port.

4. The laser grinding machine according to claim 3, wherein the first follow-up enclosure structure comprises a first organ cover, a second organ cover and a front carriage which is arranged at the top of the front housing and can move along the extending direction of a front avoidance opening, one end of the front avoidance opening is connected with the front carriage through the first organ cover, the other end of the front avoidance opening is connected with the front carriage through the second organ cover, and a first opening for the support arm of the first laser grinding structure to pass through is arranged on the front carriage.

5. The laser grinding machine of claim 4 wherein the front carriage includes a front cover plate and a front tray disposed at a bottom of the front cover plate, the first opening is defined in the front cover plate, the front tray defines a first square opening, and a boost assembly is disposed along each edge of the first square opening.

6. The laser grinding machine of claim 5 wherein each booster assembly includes a carriage, two rollers rotatably disposed at opposite ends of the carriage.

7. The laser grinding machine of claim 6 wherein the front housing has two transversely extending front rails disposed thereon, the front carriage being slidably connected to the front rails by a slide.

8. The laser grinding machine of claim 3 wherein the dust extraction structure includes a dust extraction port disposed on the inner protective shell, the dust extraction port being disposed in the traverse zone and facing the traverse zone, the dust extraction port being connected to a main dust extraction duct.

9. The laser grinding machine according to claim 1, wherein the front door body, the left door body, the right door body and the rear door body are connected with corresponding panels through hinges, and the front panel, the rear panel, the left panel and the right panel enclose a square wrapping structure with a lower opening.