CN115334675B - Self-adaptive time slot allocation method of directional ad hoc network - Google Patents
Self-adaptive time slot allocation method of directional ad hoc network Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
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- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
- H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
- H04W72/0446—Resources in time domain, e.g. slots or frames
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J3/00—Time-division multiplex systems
- H04J3/16—Time-division multiplex systems in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted
- H04J3/1694—Allocation of channels in TDM/TDMA networks, e.g. distributed multiplexers
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- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-adaptive time slot allocation method of a directional ad hoc network, wherein a network node adopts a multi-beam phased array antenna, a plurality of high-gain beams formed by the antenna establish high-speed links with different nodes, the directional ad hoc network adopts a time division communication system, and a plurality of beams of the same antenna are simultaneously in a transmitting state or a receiving state; dividing the communication time slot between nodes into three states of sending time slot, receiving time slot and variable time slot; the sending time slot and the receiving time slot are used for ensuring basic bidirectional information interaction between the nodes; the variable time slot is used for adaptively allocating the sending time slot or the receiving time slot according to the service requirement among the nodes, and the node pair can dynamically allocate the resources of the variable time slot based on a reservation confirmation mechanism according to the service requirement of bidirectional transmission on the premise of not influencing the work of other beams, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the time slot resources and adapting to the service change among the nodes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless self-organizing network communication, and relates to a self-adaptive time slot allocation method of a directional self-organizing network.
Background
In a conventional wireless communication network, operations such as user access and user data forwarding are performed through a fixed network base station. The mobile internet is a typical conventional wireless communication network. Such wireless communication networks may allow for normal communication by building a large number of base stations for relatively densely populated areas, and may be difficult to communicate for remote areas or in emergency situations, due to lack of coverage by the base stations, limiting information dissemination spatially.
The wireless self-organizing network is a non-central self-organizing network, physical base stations are not needed, all hosts are communicated with one another, the hosts can serve as servers, and the wireless self-organizing network has the advantages of being high in mobility, high in convenience, easy to construct and the like. The method has great development prospects in application scenes such as the Internet of things, wireless cities, intelligent homes, robot communication, rapid construction of communication networks during emergency rescue and the like.
Wireless ad hoc networks are often based on omni-directional antennas or sector-type directional antennas. When based on the omnidirectional antenna, the wireless self-organizing network subsystem carries out networking communication: firstly, a working time slot is allocated for the node in the node network access stage, and then the node can only receive and transmit information in the pre-allocated time slot; secondly, the network central node performs global resource allocation, and dynamically allocates time slots to nodes in the network according to the traffic demand. In any way, when one node transmits, other nodes can only be in a receiving state, so that the overall network capacity is low, and especially when the number of network nodes is large, the overhead for resource allocation is too large, and the effective communication capacity of the network is further reduced. The sector-based directional antenna has a certain space division effect, but the flexibility is not enough; for a ground node ad hoc network with relatively fixed node positions, a sector directional antenna is adopted for nodes, and searching is carried out according to a certain direction to find out neighbor nodes. For the three-dimensional space wireless ad hoc network of the high maneuvering aerial platform, if the omnidirectional antenna is adopted, firstly, the stealth characteristic of the nodes is damaged, and secondly, the communication speed between the nodes is limited, so that a high-frequency-band high-gain directional beam antenna is adopted for networking.
Meanwhile, because the distance between network nodes causes transmission delay, a certain link transmission protection time is usually reserved in time slot design, and the transmission protection time needs to reach the maximum communication distance between nodes supported by the network. For example, link-16 data Link, each time slot has duration of 7.8125 ms, and in order to adapt to 300-mile communication distance, the maximum effective transmission information time is only 4.836 ms, and besides synchronization and header, 2.0405 ms jitter and transmission protection time are designed; when the method is extended to support the farthest communication distance of more than 500 miles, the maximum effective information transmission time is only 2.418 milliseconds, the jitter and transmission protection time reaches 3.2755 milliseconds, and nearly half of the time in the time slot is used for transmission delay protection, so that the time slot resource is greatly wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problem of time slot allocation of the existing wireless self-organizing network, the invention provides a self-adaptive time slot allocation method of a directional self-organizing network, which can improve the total communication capacity of the wireless self-organizing network and maximize the utilization of time slot resources.
A self-adaptive time slot distribution method of a directional ad hoc network is characterized in that a network node adopts a multi-beam phased array antenna, a plurality of high-gain beams simultaneously formed by the antenna establish high-speed links with different nodes, the directional ad hoc network adopts a time division communication system, and a plurality of beams of the same antenna are simultaneously in a transmitting state or a receiving state;
dividing the communication time slot between nodes into three states of sending time slot, receiving time slot and variable time slot; the sending time slot and the receiving time slot are used for ensuring basic bidirectional information interaction between the nodes; and the variable time slot is used for adaptively distributing the variable time slot into a sending time slot or a receiving time slot according to the service requirement among the nodes.
Further, the adaptive allocation of the variable time slot between two nodes in the ad hoc network is performed by a reservation confirmation mechanism, which specifically includes the following steps:
step A1, when a node A has information to be sent to a node B, firstly, judging that a sending time slot can meet the transmission requirement of the information;
if the current time slot can be met, the node A directly completes information transmission to the node B in the current time slot; if the communication state of the adjacent variable time slot can not be reserved as the sending time slot, the node A determines the communication state of other wave beams on the antenna of the node A again, judges whether the adjacent variable time slot can be reserved as the sending time slot or not, if not, the step A6 is skipped, and if yes, the step A2 is executed in sequence;
step A2, node A proposes the reservation application of distributing the variable time slot to the node B as the sending time slot at the present sending time slot;
step A3, after receiving the reservation application of the node A, the node B confirms whether the adjacent variable time slot can be allocated to the node A according to the time slot states of other wave beams on the antenna of the node B;
step A4, the node B feeds back a confirmation result to the node A, and when the adjacent variable time slot can be definitely allocated to the node A, the node B synchronously adjusts the variable time slot to be a receiving time slot;
step A5, when the node A receives the confirmation result fed back by the node B and can definitely reserve the adjacent variable time slot as the sending time slot, the variable time slot is adjusted to be the sending time slot;
step A6, node a sends the remaining information to node B in the subsequent sending timeslot.
Further, the inter-node communication time slot is divided into 1 sending time slot, 1 receiving time slot and P variable time slots; in the step A1, the node a calculates the number Q of variable time slots to be applied according to the transmission requirement of the information to be transmitted, where P, Q are positive integers and Q is not greater than P, and then determines to screen Q variable time slots from the P variable time slots and allocate the Q variable time slots to the transmission time slots according to the communication states of other beams on the antenna.
Further, in the step A2, the node a adds the reservation application information into a sending frame header of a sending time slot of the node a, and sends the reservation application information to the node B; in step A4, the node B adds the confirmation result to the sending frame header of its sending timeslot, and sends it to the node a.
Further, the maximum communication distance L between nodes supported by the directional ad hoc network is averagely divided into
A section, and the space transmission time delay corresponding to each section communication distance is recorded as ^>
If the spatial transmission delay corresponding to the maximum communication distance is &>
；
Each communication time slot between nodes is divided into a frame header, a fixed information segment, a variable information segment and a time delay protection segment, the fixed information segment, the variable information segment and the time delay protection segment are further divided into a plurality of micro time slots, and the length of each micro time slot is set as
The length of the fixed information section is fixed to ^ er>
The total length of the variable information segment and the delay protection segment is ≥>
In which>
、/>
Are all positive integers;
the length of the time delay protection section is determined according to the following steps:
step B1, the node A in the sending state judges the time slot state of the next time slot,
if the next time slot is a sending time slot, the length of the time delay protection segment is set to 0, the step B4 is skipped,
if the next time slot is a receiving time slot, sequentially executing the step B2;
b2, the node A and the node B measure the communication distance between the two nodes in a mode of exchanging position information or measuring distance by signals;
step B3, the node A calculates the space transmission time delay between the two nodes according to the distance between the two nodes, and determines the set length of the time delay protection section
Then the length of the variable information segment is pick>
Wherein->
Is a positive integer and->
≤/>
；
And step B4, the node A adds the length set value of the time delay protection section into the sending frame header and sends the time delay protection section to the node B.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention adopts a directional ad hoc network based on a multi-beam phased array antenna, adopts a time division communication system, a plurality of beams of the same antenna are simultaneously in a transmitting state or a receiving state, and each antenna can be linked with a plurality of nodes, thereby improving the network topology flexibility and the single link transmission rate;
2. the invention provides a dynamic time slot reservation mechanism of a multi-beam antenna, which divides a communication time slot between nodes into a sending time slot, a receiving time slot and a variable time slot, and the node pair can dynamically allocate resources of the variable time slot based on a reservation confirmation mechanism according to the service requirement of bidirectional transmission on the premise of not influencing the work of other beams, thereby improving the utilization efficiency of the time slot resources and adapting to the service change between the nodes;
3. the invention provides a communication time slot dividing method based on micro time slots, which further divides time slot resources into a frame header, a fixed information segment, a variable information segment and a time delay protection segment, and dynamically adjusts the length of the time delay protection segment according to the communication distance between nodes and the time slot state of the next time slot so as to achieve the maximum utilization of the resources in the time slot.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a directed ad hoc network in embodiment 1;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of pre-allocation of inter-node slot resources according to embodiment 1;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a variable slot reservation validation mechanism;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of micro-slot partitioning within a communication slot;
FIG. 5 is a diagram of node A with 2 consecutive communication timeslots all being transmission timeslots to node B;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of setting the length of the delay protection segment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Example 1
The present embodiment specifically explains the adaptive timeslot allocation method for a directional ad hoc network proposed by the present invention, taking a high-gain multi-beam phased array antenna ad hoc network as an example.
The self-organizing network of the phased array antenna based on the high-gain multi-beam means that the multi-beam phased array antenna simultaneously forms a plurality of high-gain beams for establishing high-speed links with different nodes, wherein the shapes and gains of the beams are dynamically adjusted through amplitude-phase weighting; each beam supports the maximum bandwidth of the antenna, scans rapidly in a set angle range, dynamically adjusts according to the service requirement among nodes, and works on different carrier frequencies, wherein the set angle and the carrier frequency are defined and adjusted by software. This part belongs to the prior art and is not described herein.
The networking diagram of the directed ad hoc network is shown in fig. 1, a node a establishes a link with a beam 1 of a node B through the beam 1, establishes a link with a node C through a beam 2, and all the remaining beams can establish links with surrounding nodes (not shown in fig. 1).
Taking the high-speed link between the node a and the node B as an example, at the initial establishment of the link, the pre-allocation of the time slot resources between the nodes is performed cyclically in a cycle of 5 communication time slots as shown in fig. 2. It should be noted here that, the circulation is performed by taking 5 communication timeslots as a cycle, which is only the setting of this embodiment, and the specific circulation mechanism can be adaptively set according to the service requirement.
In this embodiment, for node a, timeslot 1 is a sending timeslot, timeslot 2 is a receiving timeslot, and timeslots 3, 4, and 5 are all variable timeslots; for the node B, slot 1 is a receive slot, slot 2 is a transmit slot, and slots 3, 4, and 5 are all variable slots, see fig. 2.
The adaptive allocation of a variable time slot between two nodes in a ad hoc network is performed by a reservation confirmation mechanism, as shown in fig. 3, and specifically includes the following steps:
1. when a node A has information to be sent to a node B, before the node A sends the information in a sending time slot 1, whether 1 sending time slot can meet the transmission requirement of the information is allocated to every 5 time slots or not is judged;
if the current time slot can be met, the node A directly finishes information transmission to the node B in the current time slot;
if the variable time slots cannot be met, calculating the number of the variable time slots required to be applied; this embodiment assumes that, according to the calculation, node a needs to apply for 2 variable slot assignments for the transmit state.
2. The node A judges the time slot states of the beams 2, 3 and 4 to determine which 2 of the 3 variable time slots are allocated as the transmission states; in this embodiment, it is assumed that, at this time, the beam 2 of the node a has already been determined as a receiving timeslot in the variable timeslot 3, and the beam 1 can only apply for allocating the variable timeslots 4 and 5 as transmitting timeslots;
3. the node A sends information to the node B in the sending time slot 1, and simultaneously adds the reservation application information which allocates the variable time slot to be in the sending state into a sending frame header of the sending time slot 1 and sends the reservation application information to the node B;
4. node B receives the reservation request of node a in its reception slot 1, and determines whether variable slots 4, 5 can be allocated to node a according to the slot status of its beams 2, 3, 4.
5. In this embodiment, it is assumed that the node B may allocate the variable time slots 4 and 5 to the node a, and then the node B adds the confirmation result into the sending frame header of the sending time slot 2 and sends the confirmation result to the node a; at the same time, its variable slots 4, 5 are adjusted to receive slots.
6. When the node a receives the confirmation result of the node B in its reception slot 2 and it is clear that its variable slots 4 and 5 can be reserved as transmission slots, it adjusts its variable slots 4 and 5 to transmission slots.
7. Node a sends the remaining information to node B in subsequent transmission slots.
Example 2
Each communication time slot between nodes is divided into a frame header, a fixed information segment, a variable information segment and a time delay protection segment, the fixed information segment, the variable information segment and the time delay protection segment are further divided into a plurality of micro time slots, and the length of each micro time slot is set as
As shown in fig. 4. Fixed length information section fixed->
The total length of the variable information section and the delay protection section being &>
In which>
、/>
Are all positive integers.
Assuming that the maximum communication distance supported between the node A and the node B is 500km, it is divided into 5 segments on average, i.e.
=5, each communication range is 100km, and the corresponding spatial transmission delay is ÷ in>
Then define the micro slot length as
The total length of the variable information and delay protection segments in each time slot is ≥ h>
。
Referring to fig. 5, the determining step of the length of the time delay protection slot is as follows:
1. the node A in the sending state judges the time slot state of the next time slot;
if the next time slot is the sending time slot, the length of the time delay protection segment is set to 0, the step 4 is skipped,
if the next slot is a receiving slot, step 2 is executed in sequence.
2. The node A measures the communication distance between the node A and the node B in a mode of exchanging position information or signal ranging; in this embodiment, assuming that the communication distance is 150km, the spatial transmission delay between two nodes is calculated according to the communication distance
In or between>
And &>
In the meantime.
3. The node A sets the length of the time delay protection segment in the sending time slot 1 to be
The length of the variable field is->
。
4. The node A adds the length setting value of the time delay protection section into the sending frame header of the sending time slot 1 and sends the sending frame header to the node B.
When 2 consecutive communication time slots of the node a are all transmission time slots to the node B (i.e. corresponding to the case where the next time slot in step 1 is a transmission time slot), as shown in fig. 6, the 4 th and 5 th time slots in fig. 4 are both transmission time slots, at this time, the node a directly sets the length of the delay protection segment in the 4 th time slot to 0, and at this time, the length of the delay protection segment in the communication time slot is independent of the communication distance between the node a and the node B.
It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by one of ordinary skill in the art and related arts based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A self-adaptive time slot distribution method of a directional ad hoc network is characterized in that network nodes adopt a multi-beam phased array antenna, a plurality of high-gain beams simultaneously formed by the antenna establish high-speed links with different nodes, the directional ad hoc network adopts a time division communication system, and a plurality of beams of the same antenna are simultaneously in a transmitting state or a receiving state;
dividing the communication time slot between nodes into three states of sending time slot, receiving time slot and variable time slot; the sending time slot and the receiving time slot are used for ensuring basic bidirectional information interaction between the nodes; the variable time slot is used for adaptively distributing the variable time slot into a sending time slot or a receiving time slot according to the service requirement among the nodes;
the adaptive allocation of variable time slots between two nodes in a directed ad hoc network is performed by a reservation confirmation mechanism, comprising in particular the steps of:
step A1, when a node A has information to be sent to a node B, firstly, judging that a sending time slot can meet the transmission requirement of the information;
if the current time slot can be met, the node A directly completes information transmission to the node B in the current time slot; if the time slot state of the adjacent variable time slot can not be reserved as the sending time slot, the node A determines the time slot state of other wave beams on the antenna of the node A again, and judges whether the adjacent variable time slot can be reserved as the sending time slot or not, if the adjacent variable time slot can not be reserved as the sending time slot, the step A6 is skipped, and if the adjacent variable time slot can be reserved as the sending time slot, the step A2 is executed in sequence;
step A2, node A proposes the reservation application of distributing the variable time slot to the node B as the sending time slot at the current sending time slot;
step A3, after receiving the reservation application of the node A, the node B confirms whether the adjacent variable time slot can be allocated to the node A according to the time slot states of other wave beams on the antenna of the node B;
step A4, the node B feeds back a confirmation result to the node A, and when the adjacent variable time slot can be definitely allocated to the node A, the node B synchronously adjusts the variable time slot to be a receiving time slot;
step A5, when the node A receives the confirmation result fed back by the node B and can definitely reserve the adjacent variable time slot as the sending time slot, the variable time slot is adjusted to be the sending time slot;
step A6, node a sends the remaining information to node B in the subsequent sending timeslot.
2. The ad-hoc network-oriented adaptive time slot allocation method according to claim 1, wherein the inter-node communication time slots are divided into 1 transmission time slot, 1 reception time slot and P variable time slots;
in the step A1, the node a calculates the number Q of variable time slots to be applied according to the transmission requirement of the information to be transmitted, where P, Q are positive integers and Q is not greater than P, and then determines to screen Q variable time slots from the P variable time slots and allocate the Q variable time slots to the transmission time slots according to the time slot states of other beams on the antenna.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step A2, node a adds the reservation application information to the sending frame header of its sending slot, and sends it to node B; in step A4, the node B adds the confirmation result to the sending frame header of its sending timeslot, and sends it to the node a.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the maximum communication distance L between nodes supported by the ad hoc network is divided into
Segment, the space transmission time delay corresponding to each segment communication distance is recorded as
If the spatial transmission delay corresponding to the maximum communication distance is ≥>
；
Each communication time slot between nodes is divided into a frame header, a fixed information segment, a variable information segment and a time delay protection segment, the fixed information segment, the variable information segment and the time delay protection segment are further divided into a plurality of micro time slots, and the length of each micro time slot is set as
The length of the fixed information section is fixed to ^ er>
The total length of the variable information segment and the delay protection segment is ≥>
Wherein->
、/>
Are all positive integers;
the length of the time delay protection section is determined according to the following steps:
step B1, the node A in the sending state judges the time slot state of the next time slot,
if the next time slot is the sending time slot, the length of the time delay protection segment is set to 0, the step B4 is skipped,
if the next time slot is a receiving time slot, sequentially executing the step B2;
b2, the node A and the node B measure the communication distance between the two nodes in a mode of exchanging position information or measuring distance by signals;
step B3, the node A calculates the space between the two nodes according to the distance between the two nodesTransmission delay, determining the set length of the delay protection section
Then the length of the variable information segment is pick>
In which>
Is a positive integer and->
≤/>
；
And step B4, the node A adds the length set value of the time delay protection section into the sending frame header and sends the sending frame header to the node B.
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