CN115330762A - Fuse wire breakage detection method of X-ray image - Google Patents
Fuse wire breakage detection method of X-ray image Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of data processing, in particular to a fuse wire breaking detection method of an X-ray image, which comprises the steps of collecting a target image and extracting a fuse wire part in the target image; acquiring the change direction of the fuse part and a corresponding chain code sequence, acquiring a periodic fitting function of the chain code sequence, and acquiring a first discrete distance based on the difference between the chain code sequence and the periodic fitting function; acquiring a gray level change sequence according to the change direction; acquiring a gray level run matrix of the fuse part in the change direction, further acquiring a gray level period fitting function, and acquiring a second discrete distance based on the difference between the gray level change sequence and the gray level period fitting function; and acquiring the rectangularity of the fuse, and then acquiring a fuse breakage detection index by combining the first discrete distance and the second discrete distance to detect the fuse breakage. The invention solves the problem that the detection is difficult because the defects are not obvious in the shooting angle problem, and greatly reduces the false detection rate of the product.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of data processing, in particular to a fuse wire breakage detection method of an X-ray image.
Background
Fuses are widely used in the industries of electric power, intelligent electronic equipment and the like. Because the fuse plays a role in protecting the circuit, if the problem of product defects cannot be detected in production, the fuse cannot play a role in protection and even has larger negative effects, and the common defects of glass tube fuses comprise melt, broken wires, multiple wires and the like. In addition, most of glass tube fuses (or tubular fuses) are in a packaging state, so that the internal structural defects of the fuses are difficult to accurately detect by common optical instruments, when the fusing defects of the fuses are obvious, whether the fuses break or not can be directly detected through images, but when the fuses are unqualified due to the defects in the fuses, the fuses cannot be directly detected through apparent images, so that the fuses need to be detected through nondestructive inspection, and detection equipment based on X rays is usually used.
Detecting whether the fuse in the shell has defects or not by using X-ray-based detection equipment through real-time presented images in the fuse production process so as to judge an NG product; in addition, the conventional method used for detecting the fuse is to obtain the part of a target object in the area through image segmentation and calculate and extract related characteristic parameters of the target object.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a fuse wire breakage detection method of an X-ray image, which adopts the following technical scheme:
one embodiment of the invention provides a fuse wire breakage detection method of an X-ray image, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring a target image of a glass tube fuse to be detected by using an X-ray camera, and extracting a fuse part in the target image;
obtaining the change direction of a fuse wire part and a corresponding chain code sequence through chain code search, obtaining a periodic fitting function of the chain code sequence by using a least square method, and obtaining a first discrete distance based on the difference between the chain code sequence and the periodic fitting function;
acquiring a gray level change sequence according to the change direction; acquiring a gray level run matrix of the fuse part in the change direction, further acquiring a gray level change curve, performing periodic function fitting on the gray level change curve to acquire a gray level period fitting function, and acquiring a second discrete distance based on the difference between the gray level change sequence and the gray level period fitting function;
and acquiring the rectangularity of the fuse according to the area of the fuse part, then acquiring a fuse breakage detection index by combining the first discrete distance and the second discrete distance, and when the fuse breakage detection index is larger than a preset threshold value, the fuse is broken.
Preferably, the method for extracting the fuse part includes:
and acquiring a gray image of the target image, and performing image segmentation on the gray image to extract the fuse part.
Preferably, the obtaining of the change direction of the fuse part and the corresponding chain code sequence through chain code search includes:
and morphologically thinning the fuse part to obtain a thinned fuse image, and searching by using a chain code with a pixel point at the lower left corner in the thinned fuse image as a starting point to obtain the chain code sequence and the change direction of the fuse.
Preferably, the method for acquiring the first discrete distance includes:
and calculating the absolute value of the difference under the independent variable corresponding to the chain code sequence and the period fitting function, wherein the sum of the absolute values of the difference corresponding to all the values of the independent variable is the first discrete distance.
Preferably, the method for acquiring the rectangular degree comprises the following steps:
and acquiring a minimum bounding rectangle of the fuse part, and calculating the ratio of the area of the fuse part to the area of the minimum bounding rectangle as the squareness.
The embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects:
the invention extracts the fuse part by utilizing edge detection, linear graying and image segmentation, and performs detailed comprehensive analysis on the fuse part according to the direction change and the gray change characteristics of the fuse part obtained by combining chain code coding with a gray run matrix, thereby solving the problem that the fuse part is difficult to detect because the defects caused by the shooting angle problem are not obvious, and greatly reducing the false detection rate of products.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions and advantages of the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for detecting a fuse break in an X-ray image according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an 8-neighbor chain code;
FIG. 3 is a chain code sequence diagram.
Detailed Description
To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention adopted to achieve the predetermined objects, the following detailed description of the method for detecting fuse breakage according to an X-ray image, its specific implementation, structure, features and effects will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments. In the following description, different "one embodiment" or "another embodiment" refers to not necessarily the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
The following describes a specific scheme of the fuse wire breakage detection method of an X-ray image in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a flowchart illustrating steps of a method for detecting a fuse break in an X-ray image according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown, the method comprising the steps of:
and S001, collecting a target image of the glass tube fuse to be detected by using an X-ray camera, and extracting a fuse part in the target image.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
an X-ray camera is used for collecting an image of a glass tube fuse to be detected as a target image, a gray image of the target image is obtained, and the gray image is subjected to image segmentation to extract a fuse part.
Performing image preprocessing operations including image denoising and filtering and image gray level enhancement on the obtained target image to obtain a result image, and performing result image segmentation to obtain a binary image
。
The gray value of the middle part of the glass tube fuse is higher, the gray values of the upper metal cap part and the lower metal cap part in the image are lower, the position and the distribution direction of the glass tube fuse to be detected in the image are obtained by edge detection, and the middle part of the glass tube fuse and the metal cap parts at the upper end and the lower end of the glass tube fuse are respectively subjected to linear graying and image segmentation operation to obtain the fuse part.
Step S002, obtaining the changing direction of the fuse portion and the corresponding chain code sequence by chain code search, obtaining a period fitting function of the chain code sequence by using a least square method, and obtaining a first discrete distance based on a difference between the chain code sequence and the period fitting function.
The fuse wire part in the glass tube fuse wire is a spiral column solid similar to a spring, the fuse wire in an image acquired by an X-ray camera has periodic change in the change direction and gray level distribution, angle change information can be acquired by using chain code coding according to the characteristics of the periodic change to guide the stepping of a gray level run matrix, and the acquired gray level information and the characteristics such as the length of the run are specifically analyzed to detect the broken wire defect.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
the gray level run matrix is a counting matrix capable of acquiring texture information in a target image, the calculation direction angle of the counting matrix is single and unchanged, the generally selected angle is 0 degree, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 135 degrees and the like, so when the gray level run matrix is used for detecting fuses and obtaining gray level change characteristics according to the distribution direction of the fuses, firstly, a chain code is used for coding a chain code to guide the gray level change characteristics, wherein the chain code is used for representing a boundary line formed by sequentially connected straight line segments with specified length and direction, the representing method is based on the connection of the 4 directions or the 8 directions of the line segments, and the direction of each line segment is coded by using a digital numbering method.
And morphologically thinning the fuse part to obtain a thinned fuse image, and searching by using a chain code with the pixel point at the lower left corner in the thinned fuse image as a starting point to obtain a chain code sequence and the change direction of the fuse.
Since the changing direction of the fuse is not more than four directions, in order to avoid losing information, 8-adjacent chain codes connected in the 8 directions are adopted in the embodiment of the present invention, the 8-adjacent chain codes are shown in fig. 2, and the distribution direction information between the continuous pixels to be detected, i.e., the chain code sequence, can be obtained by using the 8-chain codes, as shown in fig. 3, which is a chain code sequence diagram.
For fuse part obtained in fuse image of glass tube
The morphology is used for thinning operation, so that the region with a certain area represents the region by a curve, the direction change condition of the region is conveniently obtained by 8-chain code coding, and the partially thinned image is obtained
。
Taking the pixel point at the lower left corner as the search starting point of the 8-chain code, and searching the 8-chain code of the image of the fuse part to obtain a corresponding chain code sequence
And recording pixel point position information
。
Chain code sequence
The expression of (a) is:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is a statistical calculation condition of the formula, which indicates that the formula belongs to the fuse part
Pixel point of
Calculating;
as the position of a pixel in the image, i.e. first
Line and first
Columns; symbol
Representing a chain code search performed on the refined fuse portion in the image;
the ordinal numbers representing the terms in the resulting chain code sequence are also the horizontal coordinate axes of the corresponding curves.
It should be noted that, in the following description,
value range of
。
The formula obtains the change information of the distribution direction of the pixel points of the fuse part in the image through chain code calculation, and can provide direction conversion guide for the subsequent gray level run matrix.
Because of the geometrical characteristics of the spiral of the fuse, the corresponding image and the relevant characteristic curve have periodicity, the periodic function fitting is carried out on the curve obtained by the least square method, and the obtained periodic fitting function is as follows:
wherein the parameters
、
、
、
、
Obtaining a specific numerical value for a parameter to be solved through curve fitting;
corresponding to a dispersion curve
Is the transverse axis of the periodic function.
And calculating the difference absolute values of the chain code sequence and the period fitting function under the corresponding independent variables, wherein the sum of the difference absolute values corresponding to all values of the independent variables is the first discrete distance.
The first discrete distance is calculated by the formula:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a first discrete distance is represented as a first discrete distance,
represents a chain code sequence;
representing a periodic fitting function corresponding to the chain code sequence;
and expressing the ordinal number of the corresponding pixel point in the function.
The formula performs periodic function fitting on a chain code sequence consisting of discrete points, and then calculates
And
the difference between the points in the two curves. The periodic function curve is more similar to the overall and most fitting characteristics during fitting, namely the obtained curve is a change rule which is originally existed according to the overall periodic change, and the formula utilizes the difference between the theoretical and actual curves of the fitting curve to obtain a few partial points which are locally changed without conforming to the theoretical rule in the actual curve, namely points which deviate from the abnormal points in the fuse.
Step S003, obtaining a gray level change sequence according to the change direction; and acquiring a gray level run matrix of the fuse part in the change direction, further acquiring a gray level change curve, performing periodic function fitting on the gray level change curve to acquire a gray level period fitting function, and acquiring a second discrete distance based on the difference between the gray level change sequence and the gray level period fitting function.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
recording the gray scale run matrix as
In the middle interval
The gray scale interval in the fuse part image, all values of which are gray scale levels in the image,
indicating the length traveled by the gray scale run matrix in that interval, i.e. the portion in which there is
Continuous in the interval of gray value
The pixel point of (a) appears,
indicating the direction of the calculation.
Calculating and acquiring gray level change sequence by combining direction information of pixel point position change obtained by 8-chain code coding
And recording the gray value of each pixel point during the wandering to obtain a gray change sequence:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
is the position of the pixel point in the image, i.e. the first
Line and first
Columns; symbol
Gray run matrix calculation representing the thinned fuse part in the image;
representing the ordinal number walked by the gray scale run matrix.
According to the angle corresponding to the chain code value, the direction guidance of the gray level run matrix can be obtained. The gray scale change curve of the fuse is obtained through statistics by the method, the periodic change of the fuse is analyzed according to the curve, and the non-periodic points in the fuse are calculated.
Similarly, the least square method is utilized to carry out periodic function fitting on the obtained gray scale change curve to obtain a gray scale period fitting curve
：
In the formula, parameter
、
、
、
、
Obtaining a specific numerical value for a parameter to be solved through curve fitting;
corresponding gray scale change curve
Is
Is the transverse axis of the periodic function.
Obtaining a second discrete distance based on a difference between the gray scale change sequence and the gray scale period fitting function:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
a second discrete distance is represented that is,
is a gray scale change sequence;
fitting a curve for a gray scale period corresponding to the gray scale change curve;
is the ordinal number of the corresponding pixel in the curve.
The same way as the calculation of the first discrete distance, the formula of the second discrete distance reflects the difference between the theoretical curve obtained by fitting and the change curve formed by the discrete points in practice, and the difference is calculated
And with
The magnitude of the difference between the points in the two curves.
And step S004, the rectangularity of the fuse is obtained according to the area of the fuse part, then the first discrete distance and the second discrete distance are combined to obtain a fuse breakage detection index, and when the fuse breakage detection index is larger than a preset threshold value, fuse breakage occurs.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
and acquiring the minimum bounding rectangle of the fuse part, and calculating the ratio of the area of the fuse part to the area of the minimum bounding rectangle as the squareness.
Calculating the squareness of the fuse
：
In the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
eliminating the area size of a narrow blank area in a fuse after closing operation of the fuse part in the image;
is the minimum circumscribed rectangular area of the fuse.
The rectangle degree calculated by the formula reflects the appearance characteristics of the fuse part in the image, namely whether the appearance outline of the fuse part is excessively bent and deformed or not, when the appearance outline is deformed, the rectangle degree is reduced, and the fuse possibly has certain dislocation to generate the fuse breaking defect; conversely, the following comprehensive analysis may not be required in combination with the above-obtained features.
Obtaining a first discrete distance according to the chain code change and gray change characteristics
A second discrete distance
And the rectangle degree can detect the broken wire condition of the glass tube fuse under X-ray, and the broken wire detection index is obtained
：
The broken wire detection index obtained by the formula reflects the broken wire condition of the fuse in the image when
The fuse wire in the glass tube fuse is determined to be broken, i.e. the preset threshold value is 0.63 in the embodiment of the invention.
In summary, in the embodiment of the present invention, an X-ray camera is used to collect a target image of a glass tube fuse to be detected, and a fuse part in the target image is extracted; obtaining the change direction of the fuse part and a corresponding chain code sequence through chain code search, obtaining a periodic fitting function of the chain code sequence by using a least square method, and obtaining a first discrete distance based on the difference between the chain code sequence and the periodic fitting function; acquiring a gray level change sequence according to the change direction; acquiring a gray level run matrix of the fuse part in the change direction, further acquiring a gray level change curve, performing periodic function fitting on the gray level change curve to acquire a gray level period fitting function, and acquiring a second discrete distance based on the difference between the gray level change sequence and the gray level period fitting function; and acquiring the rectangularity of the fuse according to the area of the fuse part, and then acquiring a fuse breakage detection index by combining the first discrete distance and the second discrete distance, wherein when the fuse breakage detection index is larger than a preset threshold, the fuse is broken. The embodiment of the invention solves the problem that the detection is difficult because the defects caused by the shooting angle problem are not obvious, and greatly reduces the false detection rate of the product.
It should be noted that: the precedence order of the above embodiments of the present invention is only for description, and does not represent the merits of the embodiments. And that specific embodiments have been described above. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing may also be possible or may be advantageous.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts in the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; modifications of the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents of some technical features thereof, are not essential to the spirit of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and are all included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (5)
1.X ray image fuse breakage detection method, comprising the steps of:
acquiring a target image of a glass tube fuse to be detected by using an X-ray camera, and extracting a fuse part in the target image;
obtaining a change direction of a fuse part and a corresponding chain code sequence through chain code search, obtaining a periodic fitting function of the chain code sequence by using a least square method, and obtaining a first discrete distance based on a difference between the chain code sequence and the periodic fitting function;
acquiring a gray level change sequence according to the change direction; acquiring a gray level run matrix of the fuse part in the change direction, further acquiring a gray level change curve, performing periodic function fitting on the gray level change curve to acquire a gray level period fitting function, and acquiring a second discrete distance based on the difference between the gray level change sequence and the gray level period fitting function;
and acquiring the rectangularity of the fuse according to the area of the fuse part, then acquiring a fuse breakage detection index by combining the first discrete distance and the second discrete distance, and when the fuse breakage detection index is larger than a preset threshold value, the fuse is broken.
2. The method for detecting fuse disconnection in an X-ray image according to claim 1, wherein the method for extracting the fuse portion comprises:
and acquiring a gray image of the target image, and performing image segmentation on the gray image to extract the fuse part.
3. The method for detecting fuse breakage according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining of the change direction of the fuse portion and the corresponding chain code sequence by chain code search includes:
and morphologically thinning the fuse wire part to obtain a thinned fuse wire image, and searching by using a chain code by taking the pixel point at the lower left corner in the thinned fuse wire image as a starting point to obtain the chain code sequence and the change direction of the fuse wire.
4. The method for detecting fuse breakage according to an X-ray image, according to claim 1, wherein the first discrete distance is obtained by:
and calculating the absolute value of the difference under the independent variable corresponding to the chain code sequence and the period fitting function, wherein the sum of the absolute values of the difference corresponding to all the values of the independent variable is the first discrete distance.
5. The method for detecting fuse breakage according to claim 1, wherein the rectangle degree is obtained by:
and acquiring a minimum bounding rectangle of the fuse part, and calculating the ratio of the area of the fuse part to the area of the minimum bounding rectangle as the rectangularity.
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