CN115330416A - Product traceability system based on sales path - Google Patents
Product traceability system based on sales path Download PDFInfo
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- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G06Q10/08—Logistics, e.g. warehousing, loading or distribution; Inventory or stock management
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- G06Q20/382—Payment protocols; Details thereof insuring higher security of transaction
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- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of product tracing, in particular to a product tracing system based on a sales path. In the product tracing system based on the sales path, for each sales behavior, the 'soft mapping' tracing of the product is realized by means of path recording and total amount control, and the traced product is prevented from being replaced by controlling the 'total amount' of the flow. Except for singly using the soft mapping mode for tracing, the source tracing can also use the soft mapping mode and the hard mapping mode for tracing simultaneously, and the introduction of the soft mapping mode is the supplement and the enhancement of the source tracing of the current single hard mapping mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of product tracing, in particular to a product tracing system based on a sales path.
Background
The product tracing system is widely applied to various industries and provides industrial application support for the aspects of product quality tracing, anti-counterfeiting query, channel management, supervision and management, data analysis and the like. The method for establishing the mapping relationship between the traceability data and the product real object at present is to point the data to a specific real object through related equipment, devices and mapping labels, such as: the mapping relation between the traceability data and the product entity is established by reading the steel seal, the serial number, the bar code, the two-dimensional code, the origin label or the built-in chip of the product and the like.
However, with current traceability technologies, the kinds of entities that can establish the traceability mapping are limited, for example: 1) Bulk agricultural products, livestock products, bulk foods, bulk commodities in partial granular (or powdery) form and the like cannot be mapped into objects in a one-to-one correspondence manner because a fixed minimum inseparable trading unit does not exist; 2) Although some objects can establish mapping, the mapping is difficult to be performed due to the limitation of implementation cost and the like, such as low-value industrial parts sold in batches.
Taking most agricultural products as an example, the commodities of vegetables, fruits and grains are measured by tons in the wholesale and transportation links and measured by jin in the retail link; the livestock and poultry commodity is often slaughtered and divided in the processing link. The minimum trade unit of agricultural products is constantly changing from production, wholesale sale to end-user. The existing tracing technology can not trace the source of most agricultural products from production to end users one by one.
Meanwhile, if the mapping label uses steel seal, serial number, bar code, two-dimensional code and origin label technology, the mapping label is easy to copy and has low counterfeiting difficulty; if a built-in RFID tag is used, the security is improved, but this security is not constant, and as cryptography advances, encryption and decryption always game each other. In the existing product tracing system, once the mapping tag is copied, counterfeit products marked as 'legal identity' appear in the tracing system, so that the tracing value is lost.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a product tracing system based on a sales path. All kinds of commodities can be traced based on the sales path, and the system cannot cause anti-counterfeiting invalidation because the mapping label is copied.
In order to implement the technical problem to be solved by the invention, the invention firstly provides a 'traceability logic model based on product sales transmission paths' (as shown in fig. 1), and there are 3 logic paths (as shown in fig. 2) in the traceability logic model based on product sales transmission paths, namely, a transmission path of sales, a transmission path of traceability requirements, and a transmission path of traceability information.
The transmission path of the sales is the transmission path of the product ownership of the product under the real sales behavior, and the source of the transmission path is the 'production enterprise' of the product. When the 1 st sales activity occurs ("sales 1" in fig. 1), ownership of the product is transferred from the "manufacturing enterprise" to the "first-tier dealer". When a 2 nd sale action occurs ("sell 2" in FIG. 1), ownership of the product is transferred from the "primary dealer" to the "secondary dealer". And so on \8230, when the nth sale action occurs ("sale N" in fig. 1), ownership of the product is transferred from the "secondary distributor" to the "nth level distributor". Finally, when the (N + 1) th sale occurs ("sell N +1" in FIG. 1), ownership of the product is transferred from the "nth dealer" to the "end user" (i.e., the consumer who purchased the product). This transfer path is a forward transfer process.
The transmission path of the tracing requirement is a transmission path of the tracing requirement of each transaction party to the product, and the transmission path of the tracing requirement in fig. 1 is a real transmission process of the requirements of each transaction party in the product sale process. The source of the demand for tracing the product is the "end user" (i.e. the consumer purchasing the product), which is the last user of the tracing information, often the "end user" is the party with the strongest demand for tracing the product, and is also the first party of the (N + 1) th sales contract (or the first party of the (N + 1) th sales behavior). Because the party A of the sales contract is the actively selected party during the general transaction process, the demand of the party A of the sales contract is met by the party B of the sales contract. The need for product traceability by party a (the "end user" in fig. 1) to reach the transaction also encourages party b (the "nth dealer" in fig. 1) to be willing to enter product traceability information into the system. On the next layer, when the nth sale (sales N in fig. 1) occurs, the identity of the second party (the "nth dealer" in fig. 1) of the original (N + 1) th sale is changed to the first party of the nth sale. Since it is anticipated that a customer will have a backtracking need for a product at a later time of sale, the "nth level dealer" will also require his second party ("subordinate dealer" in fig. 1) to enter the backtracking information of the product into the system as the first party of the nth sale activity, and so on \8230 \ 8230until such backtracking need is conducted to the 1 st sale activity ("sale 1" in fig. 1), and the "manufacturing enterprise" will complete the initial backtracking information of the product as the second party of the 1 st sale contract of the product.
The transmission path of the tracing requirement is a reverse transmission process, but the realization of the tracing requirement of the product is accompanied by forward sales behaviors. As shown in fig. 1, since the traceability requirement of the product by the "end user" is transmitted to the "manufacturing enterprise", when the "manufacturing enterprise" sells the product to the "first-level dealer", the "manufacturing enterprise" will "enter traceability information" in the product traceability system (hereinafter referred to as traceability system) based on the sales route. When the 'first-level distributor' sells the product to the 'second-level distributor', the 'first-level distributor' can also input the traceability information in the traceability system. And by analogy to \8230, when the 'secondary dealer' sells the product to the 'Nth-level dealer', the traceability information is entered in the traceability system by the 'secondary dealer'. Finally, when the "nth level distributor" sells the product to the "end user", the traceability information is entered in the traceability system by the "nth level distributor". In the whole process, the entry and the modification of the traceability information are all completed by the party B of each level of sales contract (or sales behavior), the party A of each level of sales contract (or sales behavior) can not enter and modify the traceability information, and only the traceability information entered by the party B can be checked. Through the process, the traceability information related to each time of executing the sales contract (or the sales behavior) in the sales transmission path is input into the traceability system, and finally the product traceability requirements are realized in the traceability system.
In the "traceability logic model based on product sales delivery path" of the present invention, the delivery path of the traceability information is a path of data propagation from point to point, and is a virtual logic path (as shown in fig. 1). After the (N + 1) th sales activity (the "sales N +1" in fig. 1) occurs, the "end user" as the party of the "use traceability information" can obtain traceability information entered by all the parties of the sales contract (sales activity) b before in the traceability system. Therefore, the traceability information obtained by the "end user" can reflect the real ownership transfer process of the product, i.e., "traceability based on the product sale transmission path".
In fig. 3 and 4, another several tracing information transmission paths are illustrated, which show several tracing information transmission paths evolved based on the full supply chain industry application requirements of the "tracing logic model based on product sale transmission path".
As shown in fig. 3, in any stage of sales activity, the "nth stage distributor" is used as the first party of the nth stage of sales activity (sales N in fig. 3), and as the product owner authority in this stage, it can be used as the party of the "use traceability information", and can obtain the traceability information entered by all previous sales contracts (sales activities) and second parties in the traceability system.
As shown in fig. 4, the "manufacturing enterprise" only has the identity of "party b under the sales contract" in the "traceability logic model based on product sales delivery path", and if the conventional traceability information delivery path is changed and all traceability information delivery paths are given to him, the path from the "manufacturing enterprise" to the "end user" will be contacted, and the accurate marketing will be flattened. However, the original sale transmission path of the product is also damaged, so that in practical application, the content range of the traceability information acquired by the production enterprise in the traceability system is correspondingly limited according to the industry to which the product belongs.
The product traceability system based on the sales path comprises necessary traceability information and optional traceability information, wherein the necessary traceability information consists of 'purchasing party identity information' and 'purchasing quantity' information. The traceability system completes the realization of product traceability by establishing the 'purchasing party identity information' and 'purchasing quantity' tracking accompanied by each sales behavior. If the data points to a specific real object through related equipment, devices and mapping labels (steel seal, serial number, bar code, two-dimensional code, origin label or built-in chip) between the current traceability data and the product real object, the method for establishing the mapping relation is called as 'hard mapping'. The traceability system records the purchasing party identity information and the purchasing quantity of the product, and defines the real circulation process of mapping the product in each level of sales process as a 'soft mapping' traceability mode.
The 'soft mapping' traceability method is a product traceability method formed by integrating supply chains, in the whole circulation process of product sales, sales behaviors of each time are used as traceability control points, and each traceability control point comprises: "Path" -the identity information of both selling parties, "quantity" -the sales quantity, two basic elements. And each tracing control point is connected end to end according to the sequence of the product sales circulation process to form a complete 'soft mapping' tracing chain. After a new 'soft mapping' tracing mode is applied, the production source of a certain product can be traced truly, and meanwhile, because the 'quantity' element is introduced, when a certain product is cut and sold, each cut part becomes an independent product, and the product can still be continuously and seamlessly traced.
As shown in fig. 5, the initial quantity of a specific product is "quantity 1", the initial quantity is a whole sale at the first sale, the identities of the seller and the buyer are both ends of "path 1", the quantity of the actual product and the marketable data received by the buyer are "quantity 2", and the following conditions are generally satisfied: "quantity 2= quantity 1" if the product is a farm animal productThe product should satisfy the following considering the loss generated in the sale process: "quantity 2<The number 1". Namely, when the product is sold integrally, the principle that the quantity is less than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 1 is met. Then the product of "quantity 2" is divided into 2, second sale and third sale take place, the seller and buyer of twice identity are both ends of "route 2" and "route 3", and similarly, should satisfy in general: "(quantity 3+ quantity 4) = quantity 2", if the product is a farm animal product, it should be satisfied in view of losses occurring during the sale: "(quantity 3+ quantity 4)<The number 2". Namely, when the product is divided into 2 parts, the principle that the number is less than or equal to 2 (the number is 3+ the number is 4) is met. The same principle should be met when the "quantity 4" product is divided into n portions "(quantity 6+ \8230; + quantity n ≦ quantity 4"). Therefore, the control of the "quantity" element in the "soft mapping" tracing manner, that is, "total amount control", is expressed by the following expression: when a certain number is X o When the product of (1) is divided into i parts and then sold respectively, the total amount of the product is in accordance with:
the product traceability system based on the sales path provided by the invention prevents the commodity from being replaced by controlling the circulation of the total amount. The application principle of the total amount control is as follows: the source (production enterprise) A of the commodity can input the sales quantity and the identity information of the purchasing party into the traceability system, and the enterprise of the purchasing party B can be required to input the sales quantity and the identity of the purchasing party again for successive progression of the steps of 8230, 8230and the like. In the traceability system, if the production source a sells 100 quantities of a certain commodity to the enterprise B, and the 100 quantities are recorded into the traceability system, the enterprise B can sell the commodity which is less than or equal to 100 quantities to the enterprise C. The enterprise C can obtain the traceability information that the quantity of the commodity which is less than or equal to 100 comes from the production source A in the traceability system. If enterprise B sells the 101 th item, the traceability information proving that it is from the production source a cannot be found from the 101 th item (which is more than 100 purchases from the production source a). In another case, the enterprise B purchases 100 commodities P from the production source a, and then purchases 20 counterfeit commodities P 'from the counterfeit source a' at a low price to mix with the commodities P. And selling 80 commodities P and 20 counterfeit commodities P' to the enterprise C according to the quality. This time, the enterprise C will see that the 100 products are all the commodities P produced from the production source A in the traceability system, the adulteration of the enterprise B succeeds, and 20 commodities P are exchanged by the low-price counterfeit commodities P'. It is worth noting, however, that the traceability model proposed by the project is based on macroscopic industry applications. If the traceability system is widely used throughout the industry, when the B enterprise wants to sell the P of the 20 items to the D enterprise again, the D enterprise will use the traceability system. At this time, P of 20 commodities on company B cannot obtain traceability information in the traceability system to prove that the commodity comes from the source of production a (because the company B has purchased 100 quantity indexes before consuming), and the 20 genuine commodities replaced by counterfeit commodities become counterfeit commodities in the traceability system. Because the total amount control is introduced at the same time, the replacing and adulteration behaviors are not profitable, and the commodities flowing in the traceability system can be trusted.
Therefore, the product tracing system based on the sales path provided by the invention realizes the 'soft mapping' tracing of the product by means of path recording and total amount control for each sales behavior, and the two variables are variables needing to be tracked and controlled in the sales circulation process of the product. The 'recording path' in the tracing system comprises recorded 'manufacturer identity information' and 'purchasing party identity information', wherein the 'manufacturer identity information' is generally recorded into the system together with information such as 'product name', 'serial number/batch' and the like after a production enterprise finishes production. When a sales behavior occurs, the sales contract party B (or the sales behavior party B) of each level inputs 'purchasing party identity information' into the traceability system, and the traceability system completes 'path recording'. When a sales behavior occurs, the sales contract B (or the sales behavior B) of each level records the sales quantity in the traceability system, and the traceability system completes the total amount control.
The product tracing system based on the sales path provided by the invention can trace the source by using the soft mapping mode and the hard mapping mode at the same time except for singly using the soft mapping mode, and the introduction of the soft mapping mode is the supplement and enhancement of the source tracing of the current single hard mapping mode.
In addition, the traceability system is a specific application form of the database, and after the database adopts a decentralized block chain technology, the traceability information recorded in the traceability system has the characteristics of distributed accounting and non-tampering of the block chain, thereby being beneficial to judicial testification of providing the traceability information with low cost. The block chain is used for receiving the hash value of the traceability data or the abstract transmitted by the database layer, packaging and storing the traceability data information on the block, and forming the non-tampered distributed account book. In the system, the traceability information is stored in the block, and the information has the characteristics of distributed accounting and non-tampering of a block chain, so that the traceability information can be transmitted to a third party and a fourth party, namely 8230, and the traceability information can be transmitted infinitely, the consistency of information data can be still kept, and the traceability information can be truthfully flowed among different subjects. In order to realize product tracing, all parties in the production, sales and other streams of the product are required to enter business data in the system, such as various items of "product transaction information", which must include: "purchasing party identity information" and "sales quantity".
Because the traceability system records real sales behaviors and the uplink data has the property of being not falsifiable, the traceability system can also complete the payment of product sales contracts by using intelligent contracts of block chains, but in order to enable the product traceability system to complete contract payment functions, the entered product transaction information is required to include contract price and payment conditions. However, the information is proprietary to both parties of the sales contract and obviously is not suitable for being transmitted as product tracing information, so the data is encrypted and isolated in the product tracing system.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme has the following advantages.
The method has the advantages that: double control tracing-whole tracing and divisible.
The product traceability system based on the sales path breaks through the single 'hard mapping' traceability mode of the existing traceability system, and particularly, each node in the whole circulation process of livestock product collection, wholesale, transportation and retail serves as a traceability control point and serves as 'soft mapping', so that the whole-course traceability is realized. Because each control point comprises two basic elements of 'path' and 'quantity', the 'soft mapping' tracing mode defined in the way can divide one commodity according to the 'quantity' to form a plurality of new commodities to be traced continuously.
However, in the prior traceability system, only all links of collection, wholesale, transportation and retail are taken as traceability recording results in the traceability logic, and are not taken as control points, so that the existing traceability system can not ensure the controllability of a commodity after the commodity is separated and traced.
Advantage 2: "Soft mapping" based on real circulation chains-the cost of counterfeiting is extremely high.
The invention provides a product traceability system based on a sales path, which is based on the 'soft mapping' of a real circulation chain, takes each node of the whole circulation process of collection, wholesale, transportation and retail as a traceability control point, and takes a party B of each supply and marketing relationship as a main control point to enter the 'path' and 'quantity' of sales. If the specific transaction behavior and the certificate are easy to forge, the cost of forging the circulation behavior of the whole supply chain in the whole process is extremely high, so that the commodity source tracing data on the platform of the project is real.
Advantage 3: based on decentralization, the tracing data is reliable and the verification is low in cost.
The product of the project stores the traceability information on the public chain. The block chain is the decentralized distributed ledger in nature, so that the traceability information also has the characteristic of being not falsifiable. The credibility of the traceability information in the system can be improved to the maximum extent under the existing technical conditions, and the traceability information can be adopted by judicial testimony when needed; meanwhile, the tracing information can be verified and obtained at low cost.
Advantage 4: through supply chain finance-based online payment services, the fund stagnation is reduced.
The payment function of the sales contract is realized through the intelligent block chain contract, the penetration payment on the supply chain link is completed, and the fund stagnation and the transaction risk caused by the account period are reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a source-tracing logic model based on product sales delivery paths.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of the transfer path of fig. 1.
FIG. 3 is one of the evolutions based on the traceability logic model of the product sales delivery path.
FIG. 4 is a two-step evolution of the traceable logical model based on the product sales delivery path.
FIG. 5 is a graphical illustration of "gross control" in a "soft mapping" traceback approach.
FIG. 6 is a product traceability system architecture using block technology.
Detailed Description
The following description is presented to disclose the invention so as to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the invention. The preferred embodiments in the following description are given by way of example only, and other obvious variations will occur to those skilled in the art. The basic principles of the invention, as defined in the following description, may be applied to other embodiments, variations, modifications, equivalents, and other technical solutions without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a product tracing system based on a sales path. All kinds of commodities can be traced based on the sales path, and the system cannot cause anti-counterfeiting invalidation because the mapping label is copied.
In order to implement the technical problem to be solved by the invention, the invention firstly provides a 'traceability logic model based on product sales transmission paths' (as shown in fig. 1), and there are 3 logic paths (as shown in fig. 2) in the traceability logic model based on product sales transmission paths, namely, a transmission path of sales, a transmission path of traceability requirements, and a transmission path of traceability information.
The transmission path of the sales is the transmission path of the product ownership of the product under the real sales behavior, and the source of the transmission path is the production enterprise of the product. When the 1 st sales activity occurs ("sales 1" in fig. 1), ownership of the product is transferred from the "manufacturing enterprise" to the "first-tier dealer". When a 2 nd sale action occurs ("sell 2" in FIG. 1), ownership of the product is transferred from the "primary dealer" to the "secondary dealer". And so on \8230; \8230, when the nth sale activity occurs ("sale N" in fig. 1), ownership of the product is transferred from the "secondary dealer" to the "nth level dealer". Finally, when the (N + 1) th sales activity occurs ("sales N +1" in FIG. 1), ownership of the product is transferred from the "Nth dealer" to the "end user" (i.e., the consumer who purchased the product). This transfer path is a forward transfer process.
The transmission path of the tracing requirement is a transmission path of the tracing requirement of each transaction party to the product, and the transmission path of the tracing requirement in fig. 1 is a real transmission process of the requirements of each transaction party in the product sale process. The source of the demand for product tracing is the 'end user' (i.e. the consumer buying the product), which is the last user of the tracing information, often the 'end user' is the party with the strongest demand for product tracing, and he is also the first party of the (N + 1) th sales contract (or the first party of the (N + 1) th sales behavior). Because the party A of the sales contract is the actively selected party in the general transaction process, the demand of the party A of the sales contract is met by the party B of the sales contract. The need for product traceability by party a (the "end user" in fig. 1) to reach the transaction also encourages party b (the "nth level distributor" in fig. 1) to be willing to enter product traceability information into the system. On the next layer, when the nth sale (sale N in fig. 1) occurs, the identity of the second party (the "nth dealer" in fig. 1) of the original (N + 1) th sale is changed to the first party of the nth sale. Since it is anticipated that at a later time of sale, his customer will have a retroactive need for the product, the "nth level dealer" will also require his second party (the "secondary dealer" in fig. 1) to enter the product's retroactive information into the system as the first party to the nth sale, and so on \8230 \ 8230, until such a retroactive need for the product is conducted to the 1 st sale ("sale 1" in fig. 1), and the initial product's retroactive information entry is completed by the "manufacturing enterprise" as the second party to the 1 st sale contract for the product.
The transmission path of the tracing requirement is a reverse transmission process, but the realization of the product tracing requirement is accompanied with forward sales behaviors. As shown in fig. 1, since the traceability requirement of the product by the "end user" is transmitted to the "manufacturing enterprise", the "manufacturing enterprise" will "enter traceability information" in the product traceability system (hereinafter referred to as traceability system) based on the sales route when selling the product to the "first-level dealer". When the 'first-level distributor' sells the product to the 'second-level distributor', the 'first-level distributor' also inputs the traceability information in the traceability system. And by analogy to \8230, when the 'secondary dealer' sells the product to the 'Nth-level dealer', the traceability information is entered in the traceability system by the 'secondary dealer'. Finally, when the "nth level distributor" sells the product to the "end user", the traceability information is entered in the traceability system by the "nth level distributor". In the whole process, the entry and the modification of the tracing information are finished by the party B of each level of sales contract (or sales behavior), the party A of each level of sales contract (or sales behavior) cannot enter and modify the tracing information, and only the tracing information entered by the party B can be checked. Through the process, the traceability information related to each time of executing the sales contract (or the sales behavior) in the sales transmission path is input into the traceability system, and finally the product traceability requirements are realized in the traceability system.
In the "traceability logic model based on product sales delivery path" of the present invention, the delivery path of the traceability information is a path of data propagation from point to point, and is a virtual logic path (as shown in fig. 1). After the (N + 1) th sales activity (the "sales N +1" in fig. 1) occurs, the "end user" as the party of the "use traceability information" can obtain traceability information entered by all the parties of the sales contract (sales activity) b before in the traceability system. Therefore, the traceability information obtained by the "end user" can reflect the real ownership transfer process of the product, i.e., "traceability based on the product sale transmission path".
In fig. 3 and 4, another several tracing information transmission paths are illustrated, which show several tracing information transmission paths evolved based on the full supply chain industry application requirements of the "tracing logic model based on product sale transmission path".
As shown in fig. 3, in any stage of sales activity, the "nth stage distributor" is used as the first party of the nth stage of sales activity (sales N in fig. 3), and as the product owner authority in this stage, it can be used as the party of the "use traceability information", and can obtain the traceability information entered by all previous sales contracts (sales activities) and second parties in the traceability system.
As shown in fig. 4, the "manufacturing enterprise" only has the identity of "party b to sell" in the "tracing logic model based on product sales transmission path", and if the conventional transmission path of the tracing information is changed and all the transmission paths of the tracing information are given to him, the path from the "manufacturing enterprise" to the "end user" will be contacted, and the accurate marketing will be flattened. However, the original sale transmission path of the product is also damaged, so that in practical application, the content range of the traceability information acquired by the production enterprise in the traceability system is correspondingly limited according to the industry to which the product belongs.
In the "traceability logic model based on product sales delivery path" (as shown in fig. 1), "sales 1" is defined as factory sales, "sales 1", "sales 2", "N sales", "sales N +1" are defined as circulation sales, and after further combing the sales and traceability processes, see table 1.
TABLE 1 sales Process and traceability information Table
For a specific product entity, the product name, the manufacturer identity information and the serial number/batch are inherent characteristics for distinguishing other entities, are constant information determined before entering the sales circulation, cannot change along with the sales circulation, and the minimum and necessary traceability information needs to be determined to realize the product traceability system based on the sales path. The technical scheme provided by the invention takes the 'purchasing party identity information' and 'sales quantity' as the minimum and necessary traceability information of the 'product traceability system based on the sales path', and is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 traceability elements necessity lookup table
The product tracing system based on the sales path comprises necessary item tracing information and optional item tracing information, wherein the necessary item tracing information comprises information of 'purchasing party identity information' and 'purchasing quantity'. The traceability system completes the realization of product traceability by establishing the 'purchasing party identity information' and 'purchasing quantity' tracking accompanied by each sales behavior. If the data points to a specific real object through related equipment, devices and mapping labels (steel seal, serial number, bar code, two-dimensional code, origin label or built-in chip) between the current traceability data and the product real object, the method for establishing the mapping relation is called as 'hard mapping'. The traceability system provided by the invention records the purchasing party identity information and the purchasing quantity of the product, and maps the real circulation process of the product in each stage of sales process, so as to define a 'soft mapping' traceability mode.
The 'soft mapping' traceability method is a product traceability method formed by integrating supply chains, in the whole circulation process of product sales, sales behaviors of each time are used as traceability control points, and each traceability control point comprises: "Path" -the identity information of both selling parties, "quantity" -the sales quantity, two basic elements. And each tracing control point is connected end to end according to the sequence of the product sales circulation process to form a complete 'soft mapping' tracing chain. After a new 'soft mapping' tracing mode is applied, the production source of a certain product can be traced truly, and meanwhile, because the 'quantity' element is introduced, when a certain product is cut and sold, each cut part becomes an independent product, and the product can still be continuously and seamlessly traced.
As shown in fig. 5, the initial quantity of a specific product is "quantity 1", the initial quantity is a whole sale at the first sale, the identities of the seller and the buyer are both ends of "path 1", the quantity of the actual product and the marketable data received by the buyer are "quantity 2", and the following conditions are generally satisfied: "quantity 2= quantity 1", if the product is a farm animal product, it should be satisfied in view of losses occurring during the sale: "quantity 2<The number 1". Namely, when the product is sold integrally, the principle that the quantity is less than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 1 is met. Then the product of "quantity 2" is divided into 2, second sale and third sale take place, the seller and buyer of twice identity are both ends of "route 2" and "route 3", and similarly, should satisfy in general: "(quantity 3+ quantity 4) = quantity 2", if the product is a farm animal product, it should be satisfied in view of losses occurring during the sale: "(quantity 3+ quantity 4)<The number 2". Namely, when the product is divided into 2 parts, the principle that the number is less than or equal to 2 (the number is 3+ the number is 4) is met. The same principle should be met when the "quantity 4" product is divided into n portions "(quantity 6+ \8230; + quantity n ≦ quantity 4"). Thus, the control of the "quantity" element in the "soft mapping" traceback approach, i.e., "Total control", is tabulatedThe formula is as follows: when a certain number is X o When the product of (1) is divided into i parts and then sold respectively, the total amount of the product is in accordance with:
the product traceability system based on the sales path provided by the invention prevents the commodity from being replaced by controlling the circulation of the total amount. The application principle of the total amount control is as follows: the source (production enterprise) A of the commodity can input the sales quantity and the identity information of the purchasing party into a traceability system, and the enterprise of the purchasing party B can be required to input the sales quantity and the identity of the purchasing party again for re-sale, and the sales quantity and the identity of the purchasing party are sequentially advanced \8230;. In the traceability system, if the production source a sells 100 quantities of a certain commodity to the enterprise B, and the 100 quantities are recorded into the traceability system, the enterprise B can sell the commodity which is less than or equal to 100 quantities to the enterprise C. The enterprise C can obtain the traceability information that the quantity of the commodity which is less than or equal to 100 comes from the production source A in the traceability system. If business B sells 101 st item, it will not be able to find the traceability information proving that it is from source a, starting from the 101 st item (which is more than 100 procurement quantities from source a). In another case, the enterprise B purchases 100 commodities P from the production source a, and then purchases 20 counterfeit commodities P 'from the counterfeit source a' at a low price to mix with the commodities P. And selling 80 commodities P and 20 counterfeit commodities P' to the C enterprise according to the quality. This time, the enterprise C will see that the 100 products are all the commodities P produced from the production source A in the traceability system, the adulteration of the enterprise B succeeds, and 20 commodities P are exchanged by the low-price counterfeit commodities P'. It is worth noting, however, that the traceability model proposed by the project is based on macroscopic industry applications. If the traceability system is widely used throughout the industry, when the B enterprise wants to sell the P of the 20 items to the D enterprise again, the D enterprise will use the traceability system. At this time, P of 20 commodities on company B cannot obtain traceability information in the traceability system to prove that the P is from the production source a (because the company B has already consumed the quantity index of 100 commodities), and the P is changed into 20 genuine commodities by the counterfeit commodities and becomes counterfeit commodities in the traceability system. Because the total amount control is introduced at the same time, the replacing and adulteration behaviors are not profitable, and the commodities flowing in the traceability system can be trusted.
Therefore, the product tracing system based on the sales path provided by the invention realizes the 'soft mapping' tracing of the product by means of path recording and total amount control for each sales behavior, and the two variables are variables needing to be tracked and controlled in the sales circulation process of the product. The 'recording path' in the tracing system comprises recorded 'manufacturer identity information' and 'purchasing party identity information', wherein the 'manufacturer identity information' is generally recorded into the system together with information such as 'product name', 'serial number/batch' and the like after a production enterprise finishes the production of a product. When a sales behavior occurs, the sales contract party B (or the sales behavior party B) of each level inputs 'purchasing party identity information' into the traceability system, and the traceability system completes 'path recording'. When a sales behavior occurs, the sales contract B (or the sales behavior B) of each level records the sales quantity in the traceability system, and the traceability system completes the total quantity control.
Preferred embodiment 1:
the product tracing system based on the sales path provided by the invention can trace the source by using the soft mapping mode and the hard mapping mode at the same time except for singly using the soft mapping mode, and the introduction of the soft mapping mode is the supplement and enhancement of the source tracing of the current single hard mapping mode.
In addition, the traceability system is a specific application form of the database, and after the database adopts a decentralized block chain technology, the traceability information recorded in the traceability system has the characteristics of distributed accounting and non-tampering of the block chain, thereby being beneficial to judicial testification of providing the traceability information with low cost.
The product tracing system structure adopting the blockchain technology is shown in fig. 6, and the system structure comprises 4 layers, namely a blockchain layer, a database layer, a platform layer and an interaction layer from bottom to top. The functions of each layer are respectively as follows:
the block chain layer is used for receiving the hash value of the traceability data or the abstract transmitted by the database layer, packaging and storing traceability data information on the blocks to form a non-tampered distributed account book, and feeding back the block address containing the traceability information to the database layer. In the system, the traceability information is stored in the block, and the information has the characteristics of distributed accounting and non-tampering of a block chain, so that the traceability information can be transmitted to a third party and a fourth party, namely 8230, and the traceability information can be transmitted infinitely, the consistency of information data can be still kept, and the traceability information can be truthfully flowed among different subjects.
The database layer is used for temporarily storing the source tracing information, penetrating downwards to the block chain layer and receiving the block address information from the block chain layer.
The platform layer plays a role in connection between the interaction layer and the database layer, and has the functions of user identity identification, realization of business function modules (such as contract payment, material traceability and evaluation), setting of an operation menu, realization of interfaces of a human-computer interaction interface (such as addition of automatic reading of information with an RFID label or a two-dimensional code), setting, completion of conversion from business data (the interaction layer) to element data (the database layer), provision of a platform interface for data intercommunication with a third-party platform and the like.
The interaction layer is used for realizing man-machine interaction of the platform layer and completing the functions of inputting business data and inquiring results of users of the system.
As shown in fig. 6, the architecture of the product traceability system using the block technology is that first, stream parties such as product production and sales enter service data, such as various items of "product transaction information", under a human-machine interface of an "interaction layer", where the information must include: "purchasing party identity information" and "sales quantity". The product transaction information is converted into product traceability information through the platform layer and then transmitted to the database layer; the database layer stores the product traceability information and penetrates downwards to the block chain layer, and the block chain layer stores the material product traceability information in a new block in a packaging manner and chains the new block.
The 'block chain layer' feeds back the address information of the 'new block' to the 'database layer', and after the 'database layer' extracts the 'block address' information, the 'product traceability information' is combined to form 'product traceability application information' and the 'product traceability application information' is upwards submitted to the 'platform layer'; after the 'platform layer' receives the 'product traceability application information', the 'platform layer' provides the 'product traceability application information' to a third party with traceability requirements through a platform interface.
Each party and the final user of the product sales circulation can inquire the real traceability process information of the batch of products on a human-computer interface of an interaction layer, and because the traceability process information of each batch of products in the system can be corresponding to one block which contains the product traceability information and is not capable of being tampered on a block chain through a block address, the real traceability process information in the platform can also provide effective information data for the purposes of 'judicial evidence taking', 'supervision', 'accountability', and the like.
Since the traceability system records real sales behaviors and the uplink data has the property of 'non-tampering', the payment of product sales contracts can be completed by using 'intelligent contracts' of blockchains, but in order to enable the product traceability system to complete contract payment functions, contract price and payment conditions are required to be included in the 'product transaction information' input. However, these pieces of information are proprietary to both parties of the sales contract and are obviously not suitable for being transmitted as product traceability information, and therefore, these pieces of data are encrypted and isolated in the product traceability system.
Example 2:
the minimum trade unit of agricultural products is constantly changing from production, wholesale sale to the trade process of end users. Taking the traceability of a certain high-end beef as an example, livestock and poultry commodities are slaughtered and divided in a processing section. Therefore, the source tracing of most agricultural products from production to end users cannot be carried out one by singly using the 'hard mapping' source tracing technology at present. The following are typical embodiments of tracing the source by combining two ways of "soft mapping" and "hard mapping".
The reason why the taste of a certain high-end beef is better than that of other beef is as follows: 1) It is produced from a particular breed of beef cattle, 2) its production environment is from a particular farm, and is better suited for its growing environment. In this regard, it is necessary to trace and trace the variety, farm of cultivation, slaughter, division, sales circulation, and other links. Table 3 is the traceability information that each transaction party needs to enter in the traceability system in the whole circulation process in order to complete the traceability requirements.
TABLE 3 traceability information example of high-end beef
In the circulation process of each level, after a party B of a sales contract (comprising a breeding enterprise, a farm, a farmer, a slaughtering enterprise, a processing enterprise, a supermarket and an e-commerce company) logs in a platform system by using an enterprise electronic identity card (such as a legal person one-card service, an electronic business license, a CA (certificate Authority) and the like), product information is input according to the supply and marketing contract (see table 3). After the first party of the sales contract uses the electronic identity card of the enterprise to log in the platform system, the related information is checked, if the information is correct, the tracing information of the acquired and purchased related products and the purchased quantity can be seen, and the total quantity of the repurchase of the first party is not more than the purchased quantity. If the information has errors, the contract party B is informed to modify and correct.
For example, a consumer purchases a 200 g western cold steak from a certain e-commerce platform, and the complete information he can obtain from this traceability system is: the beefsteak comes from which ear tag number and which kind of cattle, what the father of the cattle and the mother number and what kind of cattle are respectively, the young of the cattle is bred by which enterprise, when the young of the cattle is born, when the young of the cattle is bought to which farm, the farm sends the cattle to which slaughtering enterprise, the weight of the cattle is what, after the cattle is slaughtered in the slaughtering enterprise, the effective weight of the finished meat is what, when the cattle is transferred to which processing enterprise to be cut apart and packaged, and what is the quarantine condition in the prior transfer process. After entering a processing enterprise, the amount of steak is produced corresponding to the amount of western cold parts purchased by a consumer, and the amount of steak is sold to the household electrical appliance. In the concrete commercial implementation, the complete data information in the tracing system can be chosen or chosen according to the attention points of consumers, key information is reserved, and finally the purpose of conciseness and readability of the presented information is achieved.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea and features of the present invention, and the purpose is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the content of the present invention and implement the present invention accordingly, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiments, i.e. all equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention will still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A product tracing system based on a sales chain is characterized in that for each sales behavior, product tracing is achieved through means of path recording and total amount control.
2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the "buyer identity information" is entered into the traceability system by the sales contracting party b (or the sales activity party b) at each level.
3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the "sales volume" is entered in the traceability system by sales contract b (or sales activity b) of each level.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein when the certain number is X O When the product of (1) is divided into i parts and then sold respectively, the total amount of the product is in accordance with:
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