CN115328699A - Data backup method for reducing RPO - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a data backup method for reducing RPO, which comprises the following steps: step one, a user mode application program reads a file/etc/mtab to obtain equipment existing on a system, and a system function is called to obtain source data volume information to be backed up; step two, the user mode application program uses the IOCTL to interact with the kernel mode driver program, and sends the source data volume information to the driver program; thirdly, after the kernel-state driver acquires the source data volume information, adding the di sk to the general layer according to the source data volume information; 1. the snapshot generation time is reduced: the traditional method for creating the snapshot device is not used any more, a device is added on a general layer by using a driver to simulate the snapshot device, and the use time of generating the snapshot device is greatly reduced; 2. reducing the RPO: the data change on the source data volume can be tracked and monitored in real time, and the data loss is reduced to the greatest extent in the backup process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of computer application, in particular to a data backup method for reducing RPO.
Background
Data backup is the basis of disaster recovery, and in order to prevent data loss caused by system failure and other reasons, the backup of data on a host is an indispensable operation. When backing up data, it is a common approach to use snapshot devices for data protection. The snapshot records the usage on the host at a certain point in time. However, when the amount of data on the host is large, it takes much time to create the snapshot device, and in this process, if there is a change in data on the host, the data recorded by the snapshot device is inaccurate and incomplete, and there is a loss of data (RPO), so that accurate backup of the data cannot be performed, and correct data recovery cannot be performed;
to this end, a data backup method for reducing RPO is proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention aims to simulate a snapshot device by using an application program running in a user mode and a driver running in a kernel mode instead of using a conventional snapshot device, so as to reduce the time for creating the snapshot device, and monitor the change of data in the backup process at any time, thereby ensuring the minimum loss amount (minimum RPO) of the backup data.
The technical scheme of the embodiment of the invention is realized as follows: a method of reduced RPO data backup, comprising:
step one, a user mode application program reads a file/etc/mtab to obtain equipment existing on a system, and a system function is called to obtain source data volume information to be backed up;
step two, the user mode application program uses the IOCTL to interact with the kernel mode driver program, and the source data volume information is sent to the driver program;
thirdly, after the kernel-state driver acquires the source data volume information, adding disk on the universal layer according to the source data volume information;
step four, the kernel mode driver creates a hook according to the source data volume information and takes over the request queue of the source data volume;
step five, the user mode application program obtains bitmap information on the source data volume by calling an interface function provided by the file system, and determines the data blocks needing to be backed up by using the bitmap information;
step six, the user mode application program uses the IOCTL to interact with the kernel mode driver program, and the bitmap information of the source data volume is notified to the driver program;
step seven, the user mode application program starts to access the snapshot equipment and reads the backup data;
step eight, the kernel mode driver receives an I/O request of a user mode application program to the snapshot device, and judges whether the data block of the current request generates COW in the backup process according to bitmap information;
and step nine, the user mode application program reads the backup data by accessing the snapshot device, and stores the data in the storage medium.
Further preferred is: in the first step, before backup is started, a running driver is installed on a host, and the driver provides READ, WRITE and IOCTL operations and is used for enabling a user mode application program to perform interactive operation with a kernel mode driver;
READ and WRITE are computer READ and WRITE operations, and the IOCTL is a function for managing an I/O channel of the device in a device driver. The management of the I/O channel is to control some characteristics of the device, such as the transmission baud rate of the serial port, the rotation speed of the motor, and the like. The number of the parameters is int ioctl (int fd, int cmd, …); where fd is the file identifier returned by the open function when the user program opens the device, cmd is the control command of the user program to the device, and the following ellipses are some supplementary parameters, typically at most one, with or without meaning related to cmd. The ioctl function is an attribute component in the file structure, that is, if your driver provides support for ioctl, the user can use the ioctl function to control the I/O channel of the device in the user program.
Further preferred is: and when the backup is started, starting and running the user mode application program on the host.
Further preferred is: in the third step, the disk is used for simulating the snapshot device, and in the subsequent backup operation process, the disk is accessed to read the backup data.
Further preferred is: in the step eight, the following operations are executed according to whether COW occurs in the backup process:
if the COW occurs, taking out the data to be backed up from the cache file and returning the data to the application program;
further preferred is: and if the COW does not occur, forwarding the I/O request to the source data volume, and returning the data to the application program by the source data volume.
Further preferred is: in the step eight, when there is an I/O request to the source data volume by another application program, the driver detects the I/O request, reads the type of the I/O request, and executes the following operations according to the type of the I/O request:
the I/O request is read: normally issuing the I/O request to a source data volume, and processing the I/O request by the source data volume;
the I/O request is to write data: the driver judges whether the data block where the data is located has already been backed up according to the bitmap information, and executes the following operations according to the backup condition:
if the data block is backed up, transmitting the I/O request to the source data volume, and processing the I/O request by the source data volume;
if the data block is not backed up, the data to be backed up is subjected to COW, then the I/O request is issued to the source data volume, and the source data volume continues to process the I/O request.
In order to solve the technical problem, the other technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: provided is a data backup device for reducing RPO, including:
the reading module is used for reading the file/etc/mtab to obtain equipment existing on the system and calling a system function to acquire source data volume information to be backed up;
the interaction module is used for the user mode application program to interact with the kernel mode driver program by using the IOCTL and send the source data volume information to the driver program;
the driving module is used for creating a hook according to the source data volume information and taking over a request queue of the source data volume;
the generating module is used for adding disk on the general layer according to the source data volume information after the kernel-state driver acquires the source data volume information;
and the backup module is used for reading the backup data and storing the data into the storage medium by the user mode application program through accessing the snapshot equipment.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application adopts another technical solution that: providing a computer device comprising a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, the memory having stored therein program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of the RPO reduction data backup method of any of the preceding steps;
the processor may also be referred to as a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The processor may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. The processor may also be a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application adopts another technical solution that: a storage medium storing program instructions capable of implementing the RPO reduction data backup method according to any one of the above steps, wherein the program instructions may be stored in the storage medium in the form of a software product, and include several instructions to enable a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, or various media capable of storing program codes, or a computer device such as a computer, a server, a mobile phone, or a tablet. The server may be an independent server, or may be a cloud server that provides basic cloud computing services such as a cloud service, a cloud database, cloud computing, a cloud function, cloud storage, a Network service, cloud communication, a middleware service, a domain name service, a security service, a Content Delivery Network (CDN), and a big data and artificial intelligence platform.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the snapshot generation time is reduced: the traditional method for creating the snapshot device is not used any more, a device is added on a general layer by using a driver to simulate the snapshot device, and the use time of generating the snapshot device is greatly reduced;
2. reducing the RPO: the data change on the source data volume can be tracked and monitored in real time, and the data loss is reduced to the greatest extent in the backup process.
The foregoing summary is provided for the purpose of description only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features of the present invention will be readily apparent by reference to the drawings and following detailed description.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or technical descriptions will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a user mode application program according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating preparation of a driver before reading backup data according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the processing of user mode applications driven by the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a driver processing I/O requests of other applications according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
The terms "comprising" and "having," as well as any variations thereof, in this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those steps or elements listed, but may alternatively include other steps or elements not listed, or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by one skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
Example one
As shown in fig. 1-4, an embodiment of the present invention provides a data backup method for reducing RPO, including the following steps:
s1, before backup is started, a running driver is installed on a host, and operations such as READ, WRITE and IOCTL are provided in the driver;
in this embodiment: the driver provides the operations of READ, WRITE, IOCTL and the like, and the interactive operation between the user mode application program and the kernel mode driver program is facilitated;
in this embodiment: READ and WRITE are computer READ and WRITE operations, and the IOCTL is a function for managing an I/O channel of the device in a device driver. The management of the I/O channel is to control some characteristics of the device, such as the transmission baud rate of the serial port, the rotation speed of the motor, and the like. The number of the parameters is int ioctl (int fd, int cmd, …); where fd is the file identifier returned by the open function when the user program opens the device, cmd is the control command of the user program to the device, and the following ellipses are some supplementary parameters, typically at most one, with or without meaning related to cmd. The ioctl function is an attribute component in the file structure, that is, if your driver provides support for ioctl, the user can use the ioctl function to control the I/O channel of the device in the user program.
S2, starting and running a user mode application program on the host;
s3, the user mode application program obtains equipment existing on the system through reading the file/etc/mtab, and calls a system function to obtain information of the source data volume to be backed up;
s4, the user mode application program interacts with the kernel mode driver program by using the IOCTL, and the source data volume information is sent to the driver program;
and S5, after the kernel-mode driver acquires the source data volume information, adding disk on the universal layer according to the source data volume information.
In this embodiment: after the kernel-state driver acquires the source data volume information, adding a disk on the universal layer according to the source data volume information, wherein the disk is used for simulating snapshot equipment, and accessing the disk to read backup data in the subsequent backup operation process;
s6, the kernel mode driver creates a hook according to the source data volume information and takes over a request queue of the source data volume;
in this embodiment: the kernel-state driver creates a hook according to the source data volume information, takes over a request queue of the source data volume, and passes through the driver for all access operations of the source data volume, so that the driver can check the data change condition on the source data volume at any time;
s7, the user mode application program can obtain bitmap information on the source data volume by calling an interface function provided by the file system, and the bitmap information is used for determining which blocks of data need to be backed up;
s8, the user mode application program interacts with the kernel mode driver program by using an IOCTL (input/output control protocol), and the bitmap information of the source data volume is notified to the driver program;
s9, starting backup data, starting a user mode application program to access the snapshot device and read the backup data, wherein at the moment, the newly added disk device is accessed, and the operation of reading the backup data can firstly pass through a kernel mode driver program by accessing the disk device;
s10, a kernel mode driver receives an I/O request of a user mode application program to snapshot equipment, judges whether a data block of a current request generates COW in a backup process according to bitmap information, and if COW occurs, takes out data needing to be backed up from a cache file and returns the data to the application program; if the COW does not occur, forwarding the I/O request to a source data volume, and returning the data to the application program by the source data volume;
s101, when other application programs carry out I/O requests on a source data volume, a driving program detects the I/O requests, judges the type of the I/O requests, and if the I/O requests are read data, the I/O requests are normally issued to the source data volume and are processed by the source data volume; if the data is written, the driving program judges whether the data block where the data is located is backed up according to the bitmap information, if the data block is backed up, the I/O request is issued to the source data volume, and the source data volume processes the I/O request; if the data block is not backed up, performing COW on the data needing to be backed up, then issuing an I/O request to the source data volume, and continuing processing the I/O request by the source data volume;
s102, the application program reads the backup data by accessing the snapshot device, and stores the data in the storage medium.
Therefore, the installation and operation of the driver, the operation of the user mode application program and the generation of the simulated snapshot device are completed, the backup data are read by accessing the snapshot device, the data are backed up in the storage medium, and the whole data backup process is completed. In the process, the creation time of the snapshot device is only the time of adding a disk at the general layer; during the backup process, the kernel-state driver detects the change of the data of the source data volume for processing.
In order to solve the technical problem, the other technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows: provided is a data backup device for reducing RPO, including:
the reading module is used for reading the file/etc/mtab to obtain equipment existing on the system and calling a system function to acquire source data volume information to be backed up;
the interaction module is used for the user mode application program to interact with the kernel mode driver program by using the IOCTL and send the source data volume information to the driver program;
the driving module is used for creating a hook according to the source data volume information and taking over a request queue of the source data volume;
the generating module is used for adding disk on the general layer according to the source data volume information after the kernel-state driver acquires the source data volume information;
and the backup module is used for reading the backup data and storing the data into the storage medium by the user mode application program through accessing the snapshot equipment.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application adopts another technical solution that: there is provided a computer device comprising a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, having stored therein program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of the RPO reduction data backup method of any of the preceding claims.
The processor may also be referred to as a CPU (Central Processing Unit). The processor may be an integrated circuit chip having signal processing capabilities. The processor may also be a general purpose processor, a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may be any conventional processor or the like.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the present application adopts another technical solution that: a storage medium storing program instructions capable of implementing the RPO reduction data backup method as in any one of the above steps; the program instructions may be stored in the storage medium in the form of a software product, and include several instructions to enable a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) or a processor (processor) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, or various media capable of storing program codes, or a computer device such as a computer, a server, a mobile phone, or a tablet. The server may be an independent server, or may be a cloud server that provides basic cloud computing services such as a cloud service, a cloud database, cloud computing, a cloud function, cloud storage, a Network service, cloud communication, a middleware service, a domain name service, a security service, a Content Delivery Network (CDN), and a big data and artificial intelligence platform.
Example two
The invention also provides an embodiment of the method according to the invention for use on a host (computer), as follows:
installing a backup driver.ko on a host computer needing data backup; (S1)
Starting a backup application program backup on a host computer needing data backup; (S2)
The backup application program backup acquires the host computer volume loading/dev/sda 1 information; (S3)
The backup application program backup sends the volume information to a backup driver. (S4)
After receiving the volume information, the back-up driver.ko creates snapshot equipment/dev/snapshot 1; the request queue of volume/dev/sda 1 is managed; (S5, S6)
The backup application program backup acquires bitmap information of the volume/dev/sda 1 through a file system and sends the bitmap information to a backup driver. (S7, S8)
The backup application program backup accesses the snapshot equipment/dev/snapshotdev 1 to read backup data; (S9)
After receiving a snapshot data reading request of a backup application program backup, a back-up driver.ko returns data to the application program backup according to the COW condition; (S10)
Ko of a backup driver tracks and monitors data change on the volume/dev/sda 1 at any time to carry out COW; (S101)
The backup application backup stores the read data in a storage medium. (S102)
And the data backup program completes all work.
The method can solve the RPO problem caused by frequent data change due to time consumption of snapshot equipment creation.
The invention reduces the snapshot generation time: the traditional method for creating the snapshot device is not used any more, a device is added on a general layer by using a driver to simulate the snapshot device, and the use time of generating the snapshot device is greatly reduced;
the invention reduces RPO: the data change on the source data volume can be tracked and monitored in real time, and the data loss is reduced to the maximum extent in the backup process.
When the method is used for backup, the traditional snapshot device is not used any more, and the disk simulation snapshot device is added to the general layer by the kernel-state driver, so that the time for creating the snapshot is reduced, and meanwhile, the driver takes over the request queue of the source data volume, so that the change of the data can be detected in real time, the data loss is reduced to the greatest extent, and the RPO is reduced.
The above description is only for the specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these should be covered by the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A data backup method for reducing RPO, comprising:
step one, a user mode application program reads a file/etc/mtab to obtain equipment existing on a system, and a system function is called to obtain source data volume information to be backed up;
step two, the user mode application program uses the IOCTL to interact with the kernel mode driver program, and the source data volume information is sent to the driver program;
thirdly, after the kernel-state driver acquires the source data volume information, adding disk on the universal layer according to the source data volume information;
step four, the kernel mode driver creates a hook according to the source data volume information and takes over the request queue of the source data volume;
step five, the user mode application program obtains bitmap information on the source data volume by calling an interface function provided by the file system, and determines the data blocks needing to be backed up by using the bitmap information;
step six, the user mode application program uses the IOCTL to interact with the kernel mode driver program, and the bitmap information of the source data volume is notified to the driver program;
step seven, the user mode application program starts to access the snapshot equipment and reads the backup data;
step eight, the kernel mode driver receives an I/O request of a user mode application program to the snapshot device, and judges whether the data block of the current request generates COW in the backup process according to bitmap information;
and step nine, the user mode application program reads the backup data by accessing the snapshot device, and stores the data in the storage medium.
2. The reduced RPO data backup method according to claim 1, wherein: in the first step, before the backup is started, a running driver is installed on the host, and the driver provides READ, WRITE and IOCTL operations and is used for enabling the user mode application program to perform interactive operation with the kernel mode driver.
3. The reduced RPO data backup method according to claim 1, wherein: and when the backup is started, starting and operating the user mode application program on the host.
4. The reduced RPO data backup method according to claim 1, wherein: in the third step, the disk is used for simulating the snapshot device, and in the subsequent backup operation process, the disk is accessed to read the backup data.
5. The reduced RPO data backup method according to claim 1, wherein: in the step eight, the following operations are executed according to whether COW occurs in the backup process:
and if the COW occurs, taking out the data needing to be backed up from the cache file and returning the data to the application program.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein the data backup method for reducing RPO comprises: and if the COW does not occur, forwarding the I/O request to the source data volume, and returning the data to the application program by the source data volume.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein the data backup method for reducing RPO comprises: in the step eight, when there is an I/O request to the source data volume by another application program, the driver detects the I/O request, reads the type of the I/O request, and executes the following operations according to the type of the I/O request:
the I/O request is read: normally issuing the I/O request to a source data volume, and processing the I/O request by the source data volume;
the I/O request is to write data: the driver judges whether the data block where the data is located has already been backed up according to the bitmap information, and executes the following operations according to the backup condition:
if the data block is backed up, transmitting the I/O request to the source data volume, and processing the I/O request by the source data volume;
if the data block is not backed up, the data to be backed up is subjected to COW, then the I/O request is issued to the source data volume, and the source data volume continues to process the I/O request.
8. A reduced RPO data backup apparatus, comprising:
the reading module is used for reading the file/etc/mtab to obtain equipment existing on the system and calling a system function to acquire source data volume information to be backed up;
the interaction module is used for the user mode application program to interact with the kernel mode driver program by using the IOCTL and send the source data volume information to the driver program;
the driving module is used for creating a hook according to the source data volume information and taking over a request queue of the source data volume;
the generating module is used for adding disk on the general layer according to the source data volume information after the kernel-state driver acquires the source data volume information;
and the backup module is used for reading the backup data and storing the data into the storage medium by the user mode application program through accessing the snapshot equipment.
9. A computer device comprising a processor, a memory coupled to the processor, having stored therein program instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processor to perform the steps of the RPO reduction data backup method as claimed in any one of claims 1-7.
10. A storage medium storing program instructions capable of implementing the RPO-reduced data backup method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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