CN115328020B - Trimming track correction system and method for aircraft thin-wall workpiece - Google Patents
Trimming track correction system and method for aircraft thin-wall workpiece Download PDFInfo
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- CN115328020B CN115328020B CN202211039375.XA CN202211039375A CN115328020B CN 115328020 B CN115328020 B CN 115328020B CN 202211039375 A CN202211039375 A CN 202211039375A CN 115328020 B CN115328020 B CN 115328020B
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- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/19—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by positioning or contouring control systems, e.g. to control position from one programmed point to another or to control movement along a programmed continuous path
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/35—Nc in input of data, input till input file format
- G05B2219/35349—Display part, programmed locus and tool path, traject, dynamic locus
Abstract
The invention discloses a trimming track correction system and a trimming track correction method for an aircraft thin-wall workpiece, and relates to the technical field of numerical control trimming processing, wherein the trimming track correction system comprises a workbench, a first moving track and a second moving track are arranged on the workbench, at least one group of clamp moving parts are arranged in the first moving track in a sliding manner, absorption parts are arranged at the tops of the clamp moving parts, and each group of absorption parts are oppositely arranged to clamp the thin-wall workpiece; and a scanning moving part is arranged in the second moving track in a sliding way, and is provided with a laser scanning head which is used for acquiring the three-dimensional coordinates of the characteristic points of the thin-wall workpiece. The invention solves the problem that the trimming track is difficult to correct accurately caused by blank preparation and clamping deformation in the numerical control trimming processing process of the thin-wall workpiece, and realizes the universality of an automatic numerical control trimming process in the processing of various weak-rigidity thin-wall workpieces.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of numerical control trimming processing, in particular to a trimming track correction system and method for an aircraft thin-wall workpiece.
Background
At present, two problems exist in numerical control precise trimming processing of a thin-wall part, namely, the injection molding thin-wall part is easy to deform in the production process, the actual trimming track deviates from the theoretical track of a three-dimensional model of the processed part, and the deformation of different parts is different, so that great difficulty is brought to track planning of the actual part trimming processing, and the automatic trimming production of the weak-rigidity thin-wall part is difficult to realize by numerical control precise processing; secondly, because of the weak rigidity characteristic of the thin-wall part, deformation is easy to generate in the clamping process, so that deviation between an actual trimming track and a theoretical track is generated, and therefore, the self-adaptive adjustment of the numerical control trimming track is required according to the clamping deformation.
The current trimming method of the weak-rigidity thin-wall part is mainly two. The method is that the shape of the weak rigidity thin-wall part is corrected to the theoretical digital-analog shape through the shaping die, then the manual trimming and grinding are carried out, so that the edge structure of the thin-wall part meets the assembly precision, the trimming processing efficiency is low, and the corresponding shaping die is required to be manufactured for various thin-wall parts, and the processing cost is high. The other method is that a special trimming tool is adopted, the shape of the weak-rigidity thin-wall part is corrected to be a theoretical digital model shape when the tool is required to clamp a workpiece, and then trimming processing is carried out on the weak-rigidity thin-wall part in a numerical control machine tool according to a theoretical trimming track; however, the trimming precision of the mode depends on the design and manufacturing precision of the special fixture, and the mode is difficult to meet the production requirements of various small batches in the aerospace manufacturing field.
With the rapid development of the aviation manufacturing industry and the continuous shortening of the iteration cycle of the aerospace equipment, the variety and types of thin-wall parts in the field of aerospace manufacturing are continuously increased, and higher requirements are put on manufacturing precision such as trimming processing of parts. Therefore, the universality of the numerical control trimming processing technology of the weak-rigidity thin-wall part is improved, and the numerical control trimming track is adaptively adjusted according to the actual deformation or clamping deformation condition of the thin-wall part blank in the production process so as to realize the automatic processing, so that the technical problem to be solved is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a trimming track correction system and method for an aircraft thin-wall workpiece, which solve the problem that the trimming track is difficult to correct accurately due to blank preparation and clamping deformation in the numerical control trimming processing process of the thin-wall workpiece, and realize the universality of an automatic numerical control trimming process in the processing of various weak-rigidity thin-wall workpieces.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an trimming track correction system for an aircraft thin-walled workpiece, including a workbench, where the workbench is provided with a first moving track and a second moving track, at least one group of clamp moving parts are slidably disposed in the first moving track, an absorbing member is mounted on top of the clamp moving parts, and each group of absorbing members is disposed opposite to each other to clamp the thin-walled workpiece; and a scanning moving part is arranged in the second moving track in a sliding way, and is provided with a laser scanning head which is used for acquiring the three-dimensional coordinates of the characteristic points of the side thin-wall workpiece.
As a further implementation manner, the adsorbing member is rotatably connected with the clamp moving part.
As a further implementation, the suction member is a vacuum chuck.
As a further implementation manner, the scanning angle of the laser scanning head is adjustable, and the laser scanning head is sequentially connected with the track correction processor and the controller.
As a further implementation manner, the clamp moving part, the scanning moving part and the workbench form a linear module.
As a further implementation, the first moving track and the second moving track are parallel to each other.
As a further implementation manner, a plurality of positioning holes are formed in one side, far away from the second moving track, of the first moving track, and the central connecting line of the positioning holes is perpendicular to the first moving track.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a trimming track correction method for an aircraft thin-walled workpiece, including:
Setting positioning points and scanning characteristic points according to the characteristic shape of the thin-wall workpiece;
acquiring numerical control programming coordinate system data by using a laser scanning head, and setting a scanning coordinate system to be the same as the numerical control programming coordinate system;
scanning a deformation main shaft of the thin-wall workpiece by using a laser scanning head, and calculating the distance between the deformation main shaft and a numerical control programming coordinate system to obtain the coordinate of the deformation main shaft;
Scanning the scanning characteristic points of the weak-rigidity thin-wall workpiece by using a laser scanning head to obtain actual coordinates of the scanning characteristic points, reading theoretical coordinates of the scanning characteristic points under a numerical control programming coordinate system by a track correction processor according to a theoretical three-dimensional digital model of the thin-wall workpiece, and obtaining the deformation of the weak-rigidity thin-wall workpiece by comparing the actual coordinates of the scanning characteristic points with the theoretical coordinates;
correcting the theoretical trimming track point cloud according to the deformation of the weak-rigidity thin-wall workpiece to obtain the trimming track point cloud after actual deformation;
And transmitting the actual trimming point cloud data to a numerical control machine tool to obtain a trimming track correction scheme.
As a further implementation mode, the positioning point is arranged at a position where the thin-wall workpiece is not deformed, the positioning point of the thin-wall workpiece is matched with the positioning hole of the clamp, and the arrangement direction of the positioning hole of the clamp is parallel to the x axis of the programming coordinate system of the numerical control machine tool, so that after the workpiece positioning is completed through the positioning hole of the clamp, the deformation main shaft (all deformation occurs around the axis) of the thin-wall workpiece is positioned to be parallel to the x axis of the programming coordinate system, the scanning characteristic point is arranged in the machining allowance range of the workpiece, and further the arrangement of the scanning characteristic point is guaranteed not to influence the final structure and shape of a product.
As a further implementation manner, the calculation formula of the corrected actual point cloud is as follows:
x′i＝xi，
Wherein d represents the distance between the deformation main shaft and the numerical control programming coordinate system, theta represents the deformation of the thin-wall workpiece, and alpha represents the half angle of the opening of the theoretical model of the workpiece.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) According to the invention, the difficult problems that the numerical control trimming track is difficult to accurately determine and automatic generation is realized due to deformation of the thin-wall workpiece in the production and clamping processes are solved through the movable absorption part and the laser scanning head, and the self-adaptive adjustment of the trimming track of the thin-wall workpiece is realized.
(2) According to the invention, positioning points and scanning characteristic points are set according to the characteristic shape of a thin-wall workpiece, the actual positions of the scanning characteristic points are obtained by utilizing a three-dimensional coordinate scanning device, the deformation of the workpiece is calculated by comparing the actual positions of the scanning characteristic points with the theoretical positions in combination with a theoretical digital model of the workpiece, and the theoretical trimming track point cloud is corrected according to the deformation of the workpiece, so that the trimming track point cloud after actual deformation is obtained, and the correction of the trimming track is realized; by adopting an online measurement means and through deformation testing before processing, the numerical control trimming track is accurately corrected, the requirement of fixture design is reduced, and the method is suitable for automatic trimming production of various weak-rigidity thin-wall parts; the method is beneficial to improving the precision of the trimming of the weak-rigidity thin-wall part and improving the numerical control machining quality of the automatic trimming of the weak-rigidity thin-wall part.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a correction according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow diagram in accordance with one or more embodiments of the invention.
Wherein, 1, the fixture moves the department; 2. an absorbing member; 3. a scanning moving part; 4. a laser scanning head; 5. a trajectory correction processor; 6. a controller; 7. a second moving rail; 8. a first moving track; 9. positioning holes; 10. mounting holes 11, workbenches 12 and positioning pins.
Detailed Description
Embodiment one:
The embodiment provides an aircraft thin-wall workpiece trimming track correction system, as shown in fig. 1, which comprises a workbench 11, a clamp module and a three-dimensional coordinate scanning device, wherein the clamp module and the three-dimensional coordinate scanning device are arranged on the workbench 11 and can move relative to the workbench 11.
Specifically, the workbench 11 is provided with a first moving track 8 and a second moving track 9 which are parallel to each other, and the first moving track 8 and the second moving track 9 are spaced a certain distance along the extending direction perpendicular to the tracks. The clamp module is in sliding fit with the first moving rail 8, and the three-dimensional coordinate scanning device is in sliding fit with the second moving rail 9.
The edge of the table 11 is also provided with a plurality of mounting holes 10 to mount the system in a set position.
Further, the clamp module comprises a clamp moving part 1 and an adsorbing piece 2, at least one group of clamp moving parts 1 are arranged in the first moving track 8, and one group of clamp moving parts 1 are provided with two clamp moving parts; when one thin-wall workpiece is corrected, a group of clamp moving parts 1 is arranged, and when a plurality of groups of thin-wall workpieces are corrected, a plurality of groups of clamp moving parts 1 are correspondingly arranged.
The jig moving section 1 and the first moving rail 8 constitute a slide pair, and the two jig moving sections 1 are movable in a direction toward or away from each other along the first moving rail 8. The top of the clamp moving part 1 is rotatably connected with an adsorption piece 2, the adsorption piece 2 is arranged on the inner side (one side close to each other) of the clamp moving part 1, and the angle of the adsorption piece 2 is adjustable.
In the embodiment, the suction piece 2 adopts a vacuum chuck, the vacuum chuck is connected with the clamp moving part 1 through a universal joint, and the vacuum chuck is used for sucking and clamping a thin-wall workpiece. The shape of the jig moving section 1 may be set according to practical requirements, for example, a column structure, a cube structure, or the like.
One side of the first moving track 8 is provided with a plurality of positioning holes 9, the positioning holes 9 are positioned in the middle section of the workbench 11, and the central connecting line of the positioning holes 9 is perpendicular to the extending direction of the first moving track 8; by arranging the locating pins 12 in the locating holes 9, the deformation principal axis of the thin-walled workpiece around which all deformation occurs is located parallel to the x-axis of the programmed coordinate system.
The three-dimensional coordinate scanning device comprises a scanning moving part 3 and a laser scanning head 4, wherein the laser scanning head 4 is arranged at the top of the scanning moving part 3 through an angle regulator, and the angle is adjustable; the scanning angle of the laser scanning head can be adjusted within the range of 0-90 degrees. The scanning moving section 3 and the second moving rail 7 constitute a sliding pair. The laser scanning head 4 is connected with a track correction processor 5 through a signal line, and the track correction processor 5 is connected with a controller 6.
The scanning moving part 3 and the clamp moving part 1 can move through the ball screw linear module. The servo motor controls the clamp moving part 1 or the scanning moving part 3 to move in the corresponding track, and the repeated positioning precision is 0.01mm.
The scanning moving part 3 plays a role of supporting the laser scanning head 4, and its shape may be set according to actual requirements as long as it can move along the second moving rail 7. In the present embodiment, in order to facilitate acquisition of information, the height of the scanning moving section 3 is larger than the height of the jig moving section 1.
The laser scanning head 4 includes a laser emitter, a CCD camera and a three-dimensional coordinate acquisition processor, the laser emitter emits a laser beam to a target scanning point, the CCD camera is used for imaging a light spot signal of the laser emitter, the measured signal is transmitted to the three-dimensional coordinate acquisition processor, the three-dimensional coordinate acquisition processor calculates a three-dimensional coordinate at the scanning light spot according to a triangulation principle of laser, and the three-dimensional coordinate signal is transmitted to the trajectory correction processor 5.
The track correction processor 5 receives the three-dimensional coordinate signals obtained from the laser scanning head 4, obtains actual coordinates of scanning feature points, calculates deformation through comparison with theoretical coordinates of corresponding point positions in a theoretical three-dimensional digital model of the thin-wall workpiece, corrects the theoretical trimming track point cloud, transmits corrected actual trimming track point cloud data to the controller 6 of the numerical control machine tool, and the controller 6 controls the cutter to carry out an accurate trimming process along the corrected actual trimming track point cloud data.
Embodiment two:
The embodiment provides a trimming track correction method for an aircraft thin-wall workpiece, as shown in fig. 3, comprising the following steps:
Step one: and setting workpiece locating points and scanning characteristic points according to the characteristic shape of the thin-wall workpiece. The workpiece positioning point is arranged at a position where the workpiece is not deformed, the workpiece positioning point is matched with the fixture positioning hole, the arrangement direction of the fixture positioning hole is parallel to the x axis of the programming coordinate system of the numerical control machine tool, therefore, after the workpiece positioning is finished through the fixture positioning hole, the deformation main shaft (all deformation occurs around the axis) of the thin-wall workpiece is positioned to be parallel to the x axis of the programming coordinate system, the scanning characteristic point is arranged in the machining allowance range of the workpiece, and further, the arrangement of the scanning characteristic point is ensured not to influence the final structure and shape of the product.
Step two: and establishing a scanning coordinate system, scanning an origin point, an x-axis direction point and a y-axis direction point of the numerical control programming coordinate system by using a three-dimensional coordinate scanning device, and setting the scanning coordinate system to be the same as the programming coordinate system.
Step three: scanning the deformation main shaft of the thin-wall workpiece by using three-dimensional coordinate scanning equipment, and calculating the distance d between the deformation main shaft and a numerical control programming coordinate system to obtain the coordinates (x, d, z 0) of the deformation main shaft
Step four: scanning the scanning characteristic points of the thin-wall workpiece by using three-dimensional coordinate scanning equipment to obtain actual coordinates (x s,ys,zs) of the scanning characteristic points, and reading theoretical coordinates (x, y, z) of the scanning characteristic points under a numerical control programming coordinate system by a track correction processor according to a theoretical three-dimensional digital model of the thin-wall workpiece, and calculating the deformation theta of the thin-wall workpiece by comparing the actual coordinates of the characteristic points with the theoretical coordinates.
As shown in FIG. 2, the deformation amount θ of the thin-walled workpiece can be calculated by the vector included angle And θ is positive when |z s | < |z|, otherwise θ is negative.
Step five: according to the deformation of the thin-wall workpiece, correcting the theoretical trimming track point cloud (x i,yi,zi) to obtain an actual deformed trimming track point cloud (x' i,y′i,z′i), wherein the corrected actual point cloud is calculated according to the following method: the number x' i＝xi of the total number, Wherein alpha represents the half angle of the opening of the theoretical three-dimensional model of the workpiece, and can be represented by the formulaAnd (5) performing calculation.
Step six: and the track correction processor transmits actual trimming point cloud data to the numerical control machine tool to realize correction of trimming tracks.
The embodiment adopts an on-line measuring means, accurately corrects the numerical control trimming track through deformation testing before processing, reduces the requirement of fixture design, and is suitable for automatic trimming production of various weak-rigidity thin-wall workpieces; the method is beneficial to improving the accuracy of the edge cutting of the thin-wall workpiece and improving the numerical control machining quality of the automatic edge cutting of the thin-wall workpiece.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. The trimming track correction system for the aircraft thin-wall workpiece is characterized by comprising a workbench, wherein a first moving track and a second moving track are arranged on the workbench, at least one group of clamp moving parts are arranged in the first moving track in a sliding manner, absorbing parts are arranged at the tops of the clamp moving parts, and each group of absorbing parts are oppositely arranged to clamp the thin-wall workpiece; a scanning moving part is arranged in the second moving track in a sliding way, and is provided with a laser scanning head which is used for acquiring three-dimensional coordinates of characteristic points of the side thin-wall workpiece;
Setting positioning points and scanning characteristic points according to the characteristic shape of the thin-wall workpiece;
acquiring numerical control programming coordinate system data by using a laser scanning head, and setting a scanning coordinate system to be the same as the numerical control programming coordinate system;
scanning a deformation main shaft of the thin-wall workpiece by using a laser scanning head, and calculating the distance between the deformation main shaft and a numerical control programming coordinate system to obtain the coordinate of the deformation main shaft;
Scanning the scanning characteristic points of the weak-rigidity thin-wall workpiece by using a laser scanning head to obtain actual coordinates of the scanning characteristic points, obtaining theoretical coordinates of the scanning characteristic points under a numerical control programming coordinate system by a track correction processor according to a theoretical three-dimensional digital model of the thin-wall workpiece, and calculating the deformation by comparing the actual coordinates of the scanning characteristic points with the theoretical coordinates;
correcting the theoretical trimming track point cloud according to the deformation of the weak-rigidity thin-wall workpiece to obtain the trimming track point cloud after actual deformation;
And transmitting the actual trimming point cloud data to a numerical control machine tool to obtain a trimming track correction scheme.
2. The trimming path correction system for an aircraft thin-walled workpiece according to claim 1, wherein the suction member is rotatably connected to the jig moving section.
3. The trimming track correction system for a thin-walled workpiece for an aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the suction member is a vacuum chuck.
4. The trimming track correction system for the thin-walled workpiece of the aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the scanning angle of the laser scanning head is adjustable, and the laser scanning head is sequentially connected with the track correction processor and the controller.
5. The trimming track correction system for thin-walled workpieces of an aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the jig moving section, the scanning moving section and the table form a linear module.
6. The aircraft thin-walled workpiece trimming trajectory correction system of claim 1, wherein said first and second travel tracks are parallel to each other.
7. The trimming track correction system for the thin-walled workpiece of the aircraft according to claim 1 or 6, wherein a plurality of positioning holes are formed in one side of the first moving track away from the second moving track, and a central connecting line of the positioning holes is perpendicular to the first moving track.
8. The trimming track correction system for the thin-walled workpiece of the aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the positioning points are arranged at positions where deformation of the thin-walled workpiece does not occur, the positioning points of the thin-walled workpiece are matched with the positioning holes of the clamp, the arrangement direction of the positioning holes of the clamp is parallel to the x axis of a programming coordinate system of the numerical control machine tool, after the positioning of the workpiece is completed through the positioning holes of the clamp, the deformation main shaft of the thin-walled workpiece is positioned to be parallel to the x axis of the programming coordinate system, and the scanning characteristic points are arranged in the machining allowance range of the workpiece.
9. The trimming track correction system for the thin-walled workpiece of the aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the calculation formula of the corrected actual point cloud is:
,/>,/>, />, ；
Wherein, the method comprises the following steps of ) For the actual deformed trimming track point cloud coordinates, (x i, yi, zi) is the coordinate of the correction theoretical trimming track point cloud, d represents the distance between the deformation main shaft and the numerical control programming coordinate system, θ represents the deformation of the thin-wall workpiece, and/>And the opening half angle of the theoretical model of the workpiece is represented, and z 0 is the vertical coordinate of the deformation main shaft.
10. The trimming track correction method for the aircraft thin-wall workpiece is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Setting positioning points and scanning characteristic points according to the characteristic shape of the thin-wall workpiece;
acquiring numerical control programming coordinate system data by using a laser scanning head, and setting a scanning coordinate system to be the same as the numerical control programming coordinate system;
scanning a deformation main shaft of the thin-wall workpiece by using a laser scanning head, and calculating the distance between the deformation main shaft and a numerical control programming coordinate system to obtain the coordinate of the deformation main shaft;
Scanning the scanning characteristic points of the weak-rigidity thin-wall workpiece by using a laser scanning head to obtain actual coordinates of the scanning characteristic points, obtaining theoretical coordinates of the scanning characteristic points under a numerical control programming coordinate system by a track correction processor according to a theoretical three-dimensional digital model of the thin-wall workpiece, and calculating the deformation by comparing the actual coordinates of the scanning characteristic points with the theoretical coordinates;
correcting the theoretical trimming track point cloud according to the deformation of the weak-rigidity thin-wall workpiece to obtain the trimming track point cloud after actual deformation;
And transmitting the actual trimming point cloud data to a numerical control machine tool to obtain a trimming track correction scheme.
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| CN202211039375.XA CN115328020B (en) | 2022-08-29 | 2022-08-29 | Trimming track correction system and method for aircraft thin-wall workpiece |
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