CN115326656B - Nondestructive measurement method for particle size and grading of loose layering particles of particle materials for traffic civil engineering - Google Patents
Nondestructive measurement method for particle size and grading of loose layering particles of particle materials for traffic civil engineering Download PDFInfo
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- CN115326656B CN115326656B CN202211257525.4A CN202211257525A CN115326656B CN 115326656 B CN115326656 B CN 115326656B CN 202211257525 A CN202211257525 A CN 202211257525A CN 115326656 B CN115326656 B CN 115326656B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/02—Investigating particle size or size distribution
- G01N15/0205—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means, e.g. by light scattering, diffraction, holography or imaging
- G01N15/0227—Investigating particle size or size distribution by optical means, e.g. by light scattering, diffraction, holography or imaging using imaging, e.g. a projected image of suspension; using holography
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention discloses a nondestructive measurement method for particle size and grading of a loose layer of a particle material for traffic civil engineering, and relates to the field of particle size measurement. The method comprises the following steps: firstly, constructing a surface three-dimensional shape digital model at the traffic civil engineering granular material loose layer detection point position by using the acquired multi-view digital image of the traffic civil engineering granular material loose layer surface at the detection point position; then, obtaining the equivalent circle diameter of a projection image of each particle on a horizontal plane in the range of a surface detection area and the vertical distance between the highest point of the exposed surface of each particle and the horizontal plane by using a local area growth segmentation method; and finally, calculating the equivalent particle size of each particle in the surface detection area range, and accumulating according to the standard sieve pore size range to obtain a particle material grading curve for traffic civil engineering. The invention can realize real-time nondestructive measurement of the particle size and the grading of the loose-layer particle of the particle material for traffic civil engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of particle size measurement, in particular to a nondestructive measurement method for particle size and gradation of loose layering particles of a particle material for traffic civil engineering.
Background
Particulate materials are ubiquitous in nature and are widely used in engineering construction, especially in large volume traffic civil engineering. The key design parameters that determine the engineering properties of a particulate material are the particle size and the composition grading of the particles. The gradation means the distribution of particles in each level of particle size. With the improvement of traffic grades, particulate materials such as asphalt mixtures, graded broken stones, cement stabilized graded broken stones, secondary ash stabilized graded broken stones and the like in the existing traffic civil engineering all adopt a plant mixing mode and then are conveyed to a construction site for paving operation. Although, the grading of the particulate material as it leaves the factory can be precisely controlled by controlling the speed of the conveyor belt during blending and blending processes to closely match the design grading.
However, in the process of transporting the particulate material to the engineering construction site, segregation of the particulate material is easily caused under the action of road bumping and the like, that is, fine particles pass through pores formed by coarse particles under the combined action of vibration and gravity and are gathered towards the bottom of a transport vehicle, so that the grading of the particulate material at the upper part in the transport vehicle is coarse, but the grading of the particulate material at the lower part is finer and deviates from the design grading. More importantly, in the spreading process of the spreading machine, when the spiral spreading rod is used for stirring and conveying, coarse particles are more easily gathered to the edge zone of the road, so that gradation is rough; the grading of the particulate material in the central zone of the road is finer due to the loss of coarse particles.
Therefore, how to control the grading of the paved granular material for traffic civil engineering in real time is the key for controlling the mechanical property and the deformation stability of the granular material for traffic civil engineering. However, the traditional particle grading measurement of the loose-laying layer of the particle material for the traffic civil engineering generally adopts a detection point excavation method, namely, the loose-laying particle material is excavated at a detection point and then is transported to a laboratory for drying and screening, the whole process lasts for 4 to 6 hours, the test efficiency is low, the real-time measurement requirement of the particle grading of the loose-laying layer of the particle material for the traffic civil engineering is difficult to realize, and a 'after' control mode is a destructive test. How to accurately measure the grading of the paved granular material for traffic and civil engineering in real time is the key for realizing the 'in-the-spot' control of the granular material for traffic and civil engineering.
In view of the above, the invention creatively provides a nondestructive measurement method for the particle size and the gradation of the particle material loose layer for traffic civil engineering, which can realize the real-time nondestructive measurement of the particle size and the gradation of the particle material loose layer for traffic civil engineering. The control mode of the traditional granular material loose laying layer grain gradation 'after the events' for the traffic civil engineering is hopefully changed, and the 'in the events' control of the granular material loose laying layer grain gradation for the traffic civil engineering is realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nondestructive measurement method for the particle size and gradation of loose-layer particles of a granular material for traffic civil engineering, which solves the problem of low efficiency of the gradation measurement of the granular material for the current traffic civil engineering and realizes the efficient measurement and the 'in-the-fact control' of the gradation of the granular material for the traffic civil engineering.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a nondestructive measurement method for the particle size and the gradation of loose-layer particles of a granular material for traffic civil engineering, and provides a technical basis for the shape characterization, the subsequent gradation control and the adjustment of aggregate particles in the construction process of the granular material for traffic civil engineering.
In order to achieve the purpose, the method adopted by the invention is as follows: a nondestructive measurement method for the particle size and the gradation of granular material loose-layer particles for traffic civil engineering is mainly used for identifying the aggregate particles of the granular material loose-layer for traffic civil engineering in the construction quality control process of the granular material for traffic civil engineering, representing the shapes of the aggregate particles and estimating the gradation of the aggregate particles, and comprises the following steps.
S1, obtaining a multi-view digital image of a 300mm multiplied by 300mm range on the surface of a granular material loose layer for traffic civil engineering at a detection point, wherein the number of pixels of the digital image is not less than 65536 multiplied by 65536 pixel points.
S2, extracting and matching image feature descriptors in the multi-view digital image of the traffic civil engineering particle material loose-layer surface detection point location in the S1 by using a scale invariant feature transform algorithm (SIFT) -based algorithm, and then sequentially carrying out loose-layer surface digital image shooting posture estimation, loose-layer surface appearance sparse point cloud digital model construction, loose-layer surface appearance dense point cloud digital model construction, loose-layer surface appearance point cloud grid modeling and loose-layer surface appearance three-dimensional vector digital model construction, so as to obtain a particle material loose-layer surface three-dimensional appearance digital model for traffic civil engineering at the detection point location.
And S3, carrying out inclination correction and proportion correction on the digital model of the three-dimensional topography of the surface of the granular material loose layer at the detection point position in the S2 to obtain the digital model of the three-dimensional topography of the surface of the granular material loose layer, which has the same size as the measured point on the surface of the granular material loose layer for actual traffic civil engineering.
S4, carrying out particle identification calculation and segmentation calculation on the three-dimensional shape digital model of the surface of the granular material loose layer for the traffic civil engineering at the detection point in the S3 by using the improved local area growth segmentation method, wherein during particle identification, firstly, the interpolation method is used for carrying out grid division on the three-dimensional shape digital model of the surface of the granular material loose layer for the traffic civil engineering at the detection point, then, the watershed algorithm is used for identifying a local area maximum point and a local area minimum point, finally, a four-field area growth mode is used for determining an area growth range, the local area maximum point is used as a local area growth point and an area growth range upper limit, and the minimum value in the local area minimum point is used as an area growth range lower limit; when the particles are divided, the grid interval coefficient is set to be 0.5, the height coefficient is set to be 0.4, the local area maximum interval coefficient is set to be 50, and the local area minimum interval coefficient is set to be 10.
S5, obtaining a two-dimensional projection image of each particle in a horizontal plane, obtaining the vertical distance between the highest point of the exposed surface of each particle and the horizontal plane, and calculating the section convexity, the section length-width ratio and the circularity of the two-dimensional projection image and the equivalent circle diameter of the two-dimensional projection image, wherein the calculation expression is as follows:
wherein A is the section convexity, S A Is the area of the two-dimensional projection of the particle in the horizontal plane, S C The method is characterized in that the area of a circumscribed polygon of a two-dimensional projection image of a particle in a horizontal plane is shown, B is the length-width ratio of the cross section, L is the length of a main axis of an equivalent ellipse of the two-dimensional projection image of the particle in the horizontal plane, W is the length of a secondary axis of the equivalent ellipse of the two-dimensional projection image of the particle in the horizontal plane, C is the circularity, P is the perimeter of the two-dimensional projection image of the particle in the horizontal plane, and D is the diameter of an equivalent circle of the two-dimensional projection image of the particle in the horizontal plane.
S6, calculating the equivalent particle size of each particle by using the equivalent circle diameter of the two-dimensional projection image and the vertical distance between the highest point of the exposed surface of each particle and a horizontal plane in the S5; and accumulating according to standard sieve pore size ranges of 19mm, 16mm, 12.5mm, 9.5mm and 4.75mm to obtain the grading curve of the granular material for the traffic civil engineering. The equivalent particle diameter of each particle is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, R is the equivalent particle size of the particles, h is the vertical distance between the highest point of the exposed surface of the particles and a horizontal plane, and D is the equivalent circle diameter of a two-dimensional projection image of the particles in the horizontal plane.
The embodiment of the invention brings the following beneficial effects.
The method has simple steps and is easy to realize, and based on a local region growing segmentation method, a simpler equivalent sphere diameter calculation formula with fewer parameters is provided, so that the accuracy of aggregate particle diameter estimation is effectively improved; the method can realize the particle grading detection in the construction process of the granular material loose laying layer for the traffic civil engineering, can characterize the particle morphology of the aggregate according to the specific requirements of the specific engineering, provides high-quality reference data for the subsequent particle morphology screening, particle grading control and subsequent grading adjustment, and provides a novel and effective method for the grading monitoring in the construction process of the granular material loose laying layer for the traffic civil engineering.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description. Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description. Or may be learned by practice of the invention.
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The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a nondestructive measurement method for particle size and grading of a loose layer of a particle material for traffic civil engineering.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a four-domain region growing method.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the growth directions of four domains.
In the figure: 1-four field region growing directions, 2-local region growing points.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. Those skilled in the art will be able to practice the invention based on these descriptions. Before the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be noted that technical solutions and technical features provided in the present invention in various portions including the following description may be combined with each other without conflict.
Moreover, the embodiments of the invention described in the following description are generally only some embodiments of the invention, rather than all embodiments. Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without any creative effort shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
With respect to terms and units in the present invention. The term "comprises" and any variations thereof in the description and claims of this invention and the related sections are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
A flow chart of a nondestructive measurement method for the particle size and grading of loose-layer particles of a particle material for traffic civil engineering is shown in FIG. 1 and is realized by the following steps.
The method comprises the steps of firstly, obtaining a multi-view digital image of a 300mm multiplied by 300mm range on the surface of a granular material loose layer for traffic civil engineering at a detection point position, wherein the number of pixels of the digital image is not less than 65536 multiplied by 65536 pixels.
And secondly, extracting and matching image feature descriptors in the multi-view digital image of the detection point position of the surface of the granular material loose layer for the traffic civil engineering in the step one by using a Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) -based algorithm, and then sequentially carrying out loose layer surface digital image shooting posture estimation, loose layer surface appearance sparse point cloud digital model construction, loose layer surface appearance dense point cloud digital model construction, loose layer surface appearance point cloud grid modeling and loose layer surface appearance three-dimensional vector digital model construction to obtain the three-dimensional appearance digital model of the surface of the granular material loose layer for the traffic civil engineering at the detection point position.
And step three, performing inclination correction and proportion correction on the digital model of the three-dimensional topography of the surface of the granular material loose layer at the position of the detection point in the step two to obtain the digital model of the three-dimensional topography of the surface of the granular material loose layer, which has the same size as the measured point on the surface of the granular material loose layer for actual traffic civil engineering.
And fourthly, carrying out identification and segmentation calculation on each particle on the three-dimensional shape digital model of the surface of the loose layer of the particle material for the traffic civil engineering at the detection point position in the third step by using the improved local area growth segmentation method. During particle identification calculation, carrying out grid division on a three-dimensional shape digital model of the surface of the loose layer of the particle material for traffic civil engineering at the detection point position by using the interpolation method, and identifying the local area maximum point and the local area minimum point by using the watershed algorithm; determining a region growing range by using the four-domain region growing mode, taking the local region maximum value point as a local region growing point 2 and a region growing range upper limit, taking a minimum value in the local region minimum value point as a region growing range lower limit, and taking a four-domain region growing mode flowchart as shown in fig. 2; then according to the growth direction 1 of the four-domain area, namely the positive y-axis represented by a, the positive x-axis represented by b, the negative y-axis represented by c and the negative x-axis represented by d, the schematic diagram of the growth direction of the four domains is shown in fig. 3; and when the particle segmentation is calculated, the grid spacing coefficient is set to be 0.5, the height coefficient is set to be 0.4, the local area maximum spacing coefficient is set to be 50, and the local area minimum spacing coefficient is set to be 10.
Step five, obtaining a two-dimensional projection image of each particle in a horizontal plane, obtaining the vertical distance between the highest point of the exposed surface of each particle and the horizontal plane, and calculating the section convexity, the section length-width ratio, the circularity and the equivalent circle diameter of the two-dimensional projection image, wherein the calculation expression is as follows:
wherein A is the section convexity, S A Is the area of the two-dimensional projection of the image of the particle in the horizontal plane, S C The method is characterized in that the area of a circumscribed polygon of a two-dimensional projection image of a particle in a horizontal plane is shown, B is the length-width ratio of the cross section, L is the length of a main axis of an equivalent ellipse of the two-dimensional projection image of the particle in the horizontal plane, W is the length of a secondary axis of the equivalent ellipse of the two-dimensional projection image of the particle in the horizontal plane, C is the circularity, P is the perimeter of the two-dimensional projection image of the particle in the horizontal plane, and D is the diameter of an equivalent circle of the two-dimensional projection image of the particle in the horizontal plane.
Step six, calculating the equivalent particle size of each particle by using the equivalent circle diameter of the two-dimensional projection image and the vertical distance between the highest point of the exposed surface of each particle and a horizontal plane in the step S5; and accumulating according to standard sieve pore size ranges of 19mm, 16mm, 12.5mm, 9.5mm and 4.75mm to obtain the grading curve of the granular material for the traffic civil engineering. The equivalent particle diameter of each particle is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, R is the equivalent particle size of the particle, h is the vertical distance between the highest point of the exposed surface of the particle and the horizontal plane, and D is the equivalent circle diameter of a two-dimensional projection image of the particle in the horizontal plane.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (3)
1. The nondestructive measurement method for the particle size and the grading of the loose layer particles of the particle materials for traffic civil engineering is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, acquiring a multi-view digital image of a 300mm multiplied by 300mm range on the surface of a granular material loose layer for traffic civil engineering at a detection point position, wherein the number of pixels of the digital image is not less than 65536 multiplied by 65536 pixel points;
step 2, extracting and matching image feature descriptors in the multi-view digital image at the traffic civil engineering particle material loose layer surface detection point location in the step 1 by using a scale invariant feature transform algorithm, and then sequentially carrying out loose layer surface digital image shooting posture estimation, loose layer surface morphology sparse point cloud digital model construction, loose layer surface morphology dense point cloud digital model construction, loose layer surface morphology point cloud grid modeling and loose layer surface morphology three-dimensional vector digital model construction to further obtain a particle material loose layer surface three-dimensional morphology digital model for traffic civil engineering at the detection point location;
step 3, performing inclination correction and proportion correction on the digital model of the three-dimensional topography of the surface of the granular material loose layer for the traffic civil engineering at the detection point position in the step 2 to obtain the digital model of the three-dimensional topography of the surface of the granular material loose layer, which has the same size as the measured point on the surface of the granular material loose layer for the actual traffic civil engineering;
step 4, carrying out particle identification calculation and segmentation calculation on the three-dimensional shape digital model of the surface of the particle material loose layer at the detection point position for traffic civil engineering in the step 3 by using an improved local region growing segmentation method; during particle identification calculation, carrying out grid division on a three-dimensional shape digital model of the surface of a loose layer of a particle material for traffic civil engineering at the detection point position by using an interpolation method, identifying a local area maximum point and a local area minimum point by using a watershed algorithm, determining an area growth range by using a four-field area growth mode, taking the local area maximum point as a local area growth point and an area growth range upper limit, taking a minimum value in the local area minimum point as a region growth range lower limit, setting a grid spacing coefficient to be 0.5, setting a height coefficient to be 0.4, setting a local area maximum spacing coefficient to be 50 and setting a local area minimum spacing coefficient to be 10 during particle segmentation calculation;
step 5, obtaining a two-dimensional projection image of each particle in a horizontal plane, obtaining the vertical distance between the highest point of the exposed surface of each particle and the horizontal plane, and calculating the section convexity, the section length-width ratio and the circularity of the two-dimensional projection image and the equivalent circle diameter of the two-dimensional projection image, wherein the calculation expression is as follows:
wherein A is the section convexity, S A Is the area of the two-dimensional projection of the image of the particle in the horizontal plane, S C The method comprises the following steps of (1) determining the area of a circumscribed polygon of a two-dimensional projection image of particles in a horizontal plane, B determining the length-width ratio of a cross section, L determining the length of a main axis of an equivalent ellipse of the two-dimensional projection image of the particles in the horizontal plane, W determining the length of a secondary axis of the equivalent ellipse of the two-dimensional projection image of the particles in the horizontal plane, C determining the circularity, P determining the perimeter of the two-dimensional projection image of the particles in the horizontal plane, and D determining the diameter of an equivalent circle of the two-dimensional projection image of the particles in the horizontal plane;
step 6, calculating the equivalent grain diameter of each grain by using the equivalent circle diameter of the two-dimensional projection image in the step 5 and the vertical distance between the highest point of the exposed surface of each grain and a horizontal plane; and accumulating according to standard sieve pore size ranges of 19mm, 16mm, 12.5mm, 9.5mm and 4.75mm to obtain a grading curve of the granular material for the traffic and civil engineering, wherein the equivalent grain diameter of each granule is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula, R is the equivalent particle size of the particle, h is the vertical distance between the highest point of the exposed surface of the particle and the horizontal plane, and D is the equivalent circle diameter of a two-dimensional projection image of the particle in the horizontal plane.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the modified local area growth segmentation method in step 4 redefines image gray scale information as a vertical distance from a maximum point of an exposed surface of each particle in the digital model of the three-dimensional topography of the surface of the granular material loose layer for traffic civil engineering at the detection point to a horizontal plane.
3. The nondestructive measurement method for the particle size and the grading of the particle material loose layering particles for traffic civil engineering according to claim 1, wherein the area growth expression in the four fields in the step 4 is as follows:
{(x-1,y),(x,y+1),(x+1,y),(x,y+1)}
wherein, x and y are coordinate values corresponding to a maximum value point in the local area maximum value point set { (x, y) } respectively.
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