CN115326440B - Permanent magnet electric suspension experimental device and experimental method - Google Patents
Permanent magnet electric suspension experimental device and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115326440B CN115326440B CN202211256615.1A CN202211256615A CN115326440B CN 115326440 B CN115326440 B CN 115326440B CN 202211256615 A CN202211256615 A CN 202211256615A CN 115326440 B CN115326440 B CN 115326440B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R33/1261—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids using levitation techniques
Abstract
The invention provides a permanent magnet electric suspension experimental device and an experimental method, and relates to the field of permanent magnet electric suspension experiments. The experimental device comprises an annular track, wherein the annular track comprises a first straight part and a second straight part, the first straight part is provided with a first lifting device and a coil connecting plate, and the second straight part is provided with a second lifting device and an eddy current braking conductor plate; the bottom of the experiment trolley is provided with a first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part, and the annular track is provided with a flat plate type electric conductor plate connecting part at a position corresponding to the first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part; and a drive system including a stator coil disposed at a top of the annular rail. The experimental device can perform suspension experiments of various permanent magnet electric suspension systems on the one hand, and can perform experimental analysis on different running postures of the magnet on the other hand, so that the whole process analysis such as driving, suspension, braking and the like can be completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of permanent magnet electric suspension experiments, in particular to a permanent magnet electric suspension experiment device and an experiment method.
Background
The magnetic suspension train is used as a novel rail traffic technology in the post-high-speed rail era, and the wheel-rail friction contact force is replaced by the electromagnetic force between the vehicle-mounted suspension unit and the rail, so that the suspension guide and the driving of a train body are realized. Based on the suspension principle, the magnetic suspension technology can be divided into normal magnetic suspension, electric suspension and high-temperature superconducting pinning magnetic suspension.
For a long time, a superconducting magnet has been regarded as an optimal magnetic source for an electric driving system due to its strong magnetic performance, but the superconducting magnet has a series of problems of high cost, complex structure, harsh cooling environment, large radiation and the like. With the continuous improvement of the performance of the permanent magnet and the wide application of the Halbach array, the replacement of the superconducting magnet by the permanent magnet becomes possible, so that the permanent magnet electric driving system gradually receives attention. And experimental research becomes an important means and a necessary link for the practical application of the permanent magnet electric driving system. From the track form, the permanent magnet electric driving system can be further divided into coil type permanent magnet electric suspension and plate type permanent magnet electric suspension, and the magnetic resistance force generated by the latter can also be used for an eddy current braking system. In the existing experimental device, a single device is used, only a single-system driving system can be researched, and a hybrid permanent magnet electric suspension experiment cannot be completed. In addition, the existing experimental device can complete a few experimental conditions, and the running postures of multiple degrees of freedom such as rotation, deviation, pitching and the like of the vehicle-mounted magnet cannot be completed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an electronic suspension experimental apparatus of permanent magnetism, this experimental apparatus can carry out the suspension experiment of multiple electronic suspension system of permanent magnetism on the one hand, and this experimental apparatus of on the other hand can carry out experimental analysis to the different operation gestures of magnet, can accomplish overall process analysis such as drive, suspension, braking.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize: a permanent magnet electrodynamic levitation experimental apparatus, comprising:
an annular rail including a first straight portion provided with a first lifting device and a coil connecting plate, the first lifting device driving the coil connecting plate to move in a vertical direction, and a second straight portion provided with a second lifting device and an eddy current braking conductor plate, the second lifting device driving the eddy current braking conductor plate to move in a vertical direction;
the device comprises an experiment trolley, wherein a first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part is arranged at the bottom of the experiment trolley, a flat plate type electric conductor plate connecting part is arranged on the annular track at a position corresponding to the first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part, and second Halbach permanent magnet array connecting parts are arranged on two side parts of the experiment trolley; and
the driving system comprises a stator coil arranged at the top of the annular track and an induction conductor plate arranged at the bottom of the experiment trolley, and the stator coil and the induction conductor plate are matched to generate propelling force to drive the experiment trolley.
The permanent magnet electric suspension experimental device has the beneficial effects that:
the permanent magnet electric suspension experimental device performs multi-system fusion by introducing a first straight part and a second straight part, wherein the first straight part is provided with a first lifting device and a coil connecting plate, the first lifting device drives the coil connecting plate to move in the vertical direction, the second straight part is provided with a second lifting device and an eddy current braking conductor plate, and the second lifting device drives the eddy current braking conductor plate to move in the vertical direction. When the experimental device needs to perform experiments of different systems, the first lifting device and the second lifting device perform linkage action. The track of this experimental apparatus includes curve and straightway, and the authenticity of experimental simulation is stronger, also can explore the magnetic characteristic that the magnet crossed the bend, and the introduction of first straight portion and second straight portion has avoided adopting in the current experiment to replace straight equivalent simulation method with the curve, makes experimental condition and actual operating condition laminate more. In the aspect of experiment speed, the highest experiment speed of the existing experiment device is lower (less than 60 m/s), the experiment speed range of the experiment device is wide, and experiments with different linear speed magnitudes can be realized after cyclic acceleration is adopted.
In addition, the invention provides a permanent magnet electric suspension experimental method, which uses the permanent magnet electric suspension experimental device and comprises the following experiments:
in a coil type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment, firstly, a second lifting device vertically lifts an eddy current brake conductor plate;
a coil is arranged on the coil connecting plate, a second Halbach permanent magnet array is arranged on the second Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part, and the first lifting device is adjusted to enable the coil to correspond to the second Halbach permanent magnet array in position;
after the experiment trolley is arranged on the annular track, a coil type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment is carried out, and experimental data are collected;
after the coil type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment data are collected, the coil connecting plate is lifted vertically by the first lifting device, and the eddy current brake conductor plate is lowered vertically by the second lifting device to complete the braking of the experiment trolley;
the flat-plate type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment comprises the steps that firstly, a flat-plate type electric conductor plate is arranged on a flat-plate type electric conductor plate connecting part, and a first Halbach permanent magnet array is arranged on a first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part, so that the first Halbach permanent magnet array corresponds to the flat-plate type electric conductor plate in position;
after the experiment trolley is arranged on the annular track, the coil connecting plate is vertically lifted by the first lifting device, the eddy current brake conductor plate is vertically lifted by the second lifting device, then a flat-plate type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment is carried out, and experimental data are collected;
after the flat plate type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment data are collected, the second lifting device vertically lowers the eddy current brake conductor plate to complete the braking of the experiment trolley;
in the eddy current braking experiment, firstly, a second Halbach permanent magnet array is arranged on the connecting part of the second Halbach permanent magnet array;
the experiment trolley is arranged on the annular track;
after the experiment trolley reaches a certain speed, the second lifting device vertically lowers the eddy current braking conductor plate, so that the eddy current braking conductor plate corresponds to the second Halbach permanent magnet array;
and carrying out an eddy current braking experiment and collecting experimental data.
The permanent magnet electric suspension experimental method has the beneficial effects that:
according to the permanent magnet electric suspension experimental method, on one hand, multi-system suspension experiments are conveniently carried out, on the other hand, multiple groups of stable experimental data can be obtained, the influence of external factors is reduced, and the analysis of later-stage parameters is guaranteed.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by the practice of the embodiments of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the area A of FIG. 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a state of the test carriage and the first straight portion when the coil-type permanent magnet electro-dynamic suspension test method is performed according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the test carriage and the second straight portion in a certain state when the eddy current braking test method of the present invention is performed;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a restraint device according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a first lifting device according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a second Halbach permanent magnet array in cooperation with a coil shaped like a Chinese character '8';
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the variation of electromagnetic force with time under the action of a single coil shaped like a Chinese character '8' in the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the variation of electromagnetic force with time under the action of a plurality of 8-shaped coils according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the variation of the coil-type electromagnetic force with the square in the coil-type permanent magnet electro-dynamic levitation test of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph of the variation of the coil-type electromagnetic force with the vertical center deviation in the coil-type permanent magnet electro-dynamic suspension experiment of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a graph of the coil-type electromagnetic force varying with vertical height in a coil-type permanent magnet electro-dynamic suspension experiment according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a graph showing the variation of electromagnetic force with speed at different gaps in a plate-type permanent magnet electrodynamic levitation test of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a graph of braking force with speed at different air gaps in an eddy current braking experiment according to the present invention;
FIG. 15 is a graph of braking force as a function of conductor plate thickness for an eddy current braking experiment in accordance with the present invention;
the labels in the figure are:
1. an annular track; 11. a first lifting device; 111. a substrate; 112. a cylinder; 12. a second lifting device; 13. a coil connecting plate; 14. an eddy current braking conductor plate; 15. a flat plate type electric conductor plate connection part; 16. a stator coil; 2. a test trolley; 21. a first Halbach permanent magnet array connection; 210. a first Halbach permanent magnet array; 22. a second Halbach permanent magnet array connection part; 220. a second Halbach permanent magnet array; 23. an inductive conductor plate; 3. a first adjusting device; 4. a second adjustment device; 51. a wheel set; 52. a steel rail; 53. a first connecting rod; 54. a second connecting rod; 6. a data acquisition sensor; 7. an "8" shaped coil.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
The principle of permanent magnet electric suspension is based on Lenz's law, and the invention can be used for coil type permanent magnet electric suspension experiments, flat plate type permanent magnet electric suspension experiments and eddy current braking experiments. Furthermore, the coil type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment can be preferentially applied to the 8-shaped coil permanent magnet electric suspension experiment.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, a permanent magnet electric levitation experimental apparatus includes:
an annular rail 1, the annular rail 1 including a first straight portion and a second straight portion, the first straight portion being provided with a first lifting device 11 and a coil connecting plate 13, the first lifting device 11 driving the coil connecting plate 13 to move in a vertical direction, the second straight portion being provided with a second lifting device 12 and an eddy current brake conductor plate 14, the second lifting device 12 driving the eddy current brake conductor plate 14 to move in a vertical direction;
the device comprises an experiment trolley 2, wherein a first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part 21 is arranged at the bottom of the experiment trolley 2, a flat plate type electric conductor plate connecting part 15 is arranged at the position, corresponding to the first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part 21, of the annular track 1, and second Halbach permanent magnet array connecting parts 22 are arranged at two side parts of the experiment trolley 2; and
the driving system comprises a stator coil 16 arranged at the top of the annular track 1 and an induction conductor plate 23 arranged at the bottom of the experiment trolley 2, and the stator coil 16 and the induction conductor plate 23 cooperate to generate a propelling force to drive the experiment trolley 2.
As shown in fig. 3, the stator coil 16 is provided on the top of the ring-shaped track 1, and the inductive conductor plate 23 is provided on the bottom of the laboratory bench 2. The stator coils 16 may be arranged in a cross-spaced arrangement and supplied with three-phase ac power. The three-phase alternating current is sequentially introduced into the circuit, the three-phase voltage value is sequentially increased and decreased in time, a magnetic field wave which advances in a specific direction is formed in space, the magnetic field interacts with the induction conductor plate 23, eddy current can be generated on the induction conductor plate 23 according to lenz's law to hinder the motion, and when the induction conductor plate 23 is not mechanically fixed, the force which hinders the motion can be converted into driving force which drives the induction conductor plate 23 to advance.
In the experimental device, when the permanent magnet electric suspension experiment of the 8-shaped coil is carried out, the working principle of the driving system is based on the electromagnetic induction law. When the length direction of the first straight part is taken as the x direction, the width direction of the first straight part is taken as the y direction, the height direction of the first straight part is taken as the z direction, the second Halbach permanent magnet arrays 220 are arranged along the x direction, the magnetic field intensity of the array magnets is approximately distributed in a sine shape in the x direction, and the magnetic field intensity is almost uniformly distributed in the y direction. When the second Halbach permanent magnet array 220 of the experiment trolley 2 runs along the circular orbit at a certain speed, the second Halbach permanent magnet array 220 and the zero magnetic flux 8-shaped coil arranged at the first straight part have relative displacement in the advancing direction under a certain working air gap, and a source magnetic field generated by the second Halbach permanent magnet array 220 can cut the 8-shaped coil, so that induced electromotive force is generated on the 8-shaped coil and on the lower loop:
in the expression (1) and the expression (2),
the upper loop representing the "8" shaped coil induces an electromotive force,
the lower loop of the "8" shaped coil is shown to induce electromotive force,
in order to be equivalent to the coil current,
which is indicative of the speed of the magnet,
、
are respectively the mutual inductance parameters,
representing the parameter of mutual inductance
To pair
The partial derivative of the displacement is determined,
representing mutual inductance parameters
Zxfoom 
Of displacementThe partial derivative.
Because second Halbach permanent magnet array 220 is not in the centering with zero magnetic flux "8" font coil on vertical direction for the potential difference appears in "8" font coil upper and lower loop, and then produces induced-current and induced magnetic field, and this induced magnetic field produces mutual electromagnetic action, produced electromagnetic force with the source magnetic field of second Halbach permanent magnet array 220:
in the expression (3) given above, the expression,
the suspension force is expressed as a function of,
indicating a loop induced current on the "figure 8" coil,
the induction current of the lower loop of the 8-shaped coil is shown, and the rest letters are defined as expression (1) and expression (2).
In the experimental device, the working principle of the flat-plate type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment is also based on the electromagnetic induction law. The first Halbach permanent magnet array 210 is arranged on the first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part 21, the magnetic field of the first Halbach permanent magnet array 210 is approximately distributed in a sine shape along the movement direction, when the first Halbach permanent magnet array 210 moves relative to the flat plate type electric conductor plate, the closed loop conductor cuts magnetic induction lines, induced electromotive force can be generated in the conductor plate according to the law of electromagnetic induction, a loop is formed among all parts of the conductor plate, and eddy current which moves together with the magnet is generated.
In the expression (4) above, the expression,
indicating the eddy currents in the conductor plate and,
which represents the electrical conductivity of the conductor plate,
which represents the speed of the movement of the magnet,
is the magnetic induction intensity.
According to lenz's law, the induced eddy currents will impede the magnetic field changes due to motion, or relative motion between the magnet and the conductive plate. Electromagnetic force is generated by interaction with a source magnetic field, a component force in the vertical direction is represented as a suspension repulsive force against the gravity of the vehicle body, and a component force in the motion direction is represented as a reluctance force blocking the forward movement of the vehicle body.
In the experimental setup, the eddy current braking experiment is also based on the law of electromagnetic induction. When the vehicle-mounted permanent magnet of the experiment trolley 2 and the conductor move relatively, the conductor cuts magnetic lines of force, closed vortex-shaped induced current is generated in the conductor according to the electromagnetic induction principle, the main magnetic field is distorted by the magnetic field generated by the eddy current, the magnetic lines of force deflect, and tangential component force, namely braking force, is generated. From the aspect of energy conversion, the kinetic energy of the train is subjected to eddy current loss of the inductor, so that the temperature of the inductor is increased, the kinetic energy of the train is converted into heat energy to be dissipated to the atmosphere, and the purpose of braking is achieved.
In the expression (5) above, the expression,
the electromagnetic force generated by the interaction of the magnet and the conductor plate,
indicating the eddy currents in the conductor plate and,
is the magnetic induction intensity.
As shown in fig. 6, to clarify the specific structure of the first lifting device 11 of the present invention, the first lifting device 11 includes a base 111 and a cylinder 112, the base 111 is vertically disposed, the cylinder 112 is fixedly connected to a side wall of the base 111, the cylinder 112 is electrically connected to a cylinder control device, and an output end of the cylinder 112 is in transmission connection with the coil connecting plate 13.
The first lifting device 11 may also adopt a combination structure of a fixed pulley, a steel cable and a winch, i.e. the fixed pulley is arranged on the top of the base 111, the steel cable is slidably connected with the fixed pulley, one end of the steel cable is fixedly connected with the hoisting part of the winch, and the other end of the steel cable is fixedly connected with the coil connecting plate 13. After the winch is started, the coil connecting plate 13 is lowered and lifted through lowering and lifting of the steel cable.
The second elevating device 12 may have the same structure as the first elevating device 11.
In order to conveniently adjust the vertical position of the first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part 21 so as to change the gap between the first Halbach permanent magnet array 210 and the flat plate type electric conductor plate, the invention introduces a first adjusting device 3, wherein the first adjusting device 3 is arranged between the first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part 21 and the bottom of the experiment trolley 2, and the first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part 21 is driven by the first adjusting device 3 to vertically move.
In order to conveniently adjust the position of the second Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part 22 in the horizontal direction so as to change the gap between the second Halbach permanent magnet array 220 and the coil, the invention introduces a second adjusting device 4, wherein the second adjusting device 4 is arranged between the second Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part 22 and the side part of the experiment trolley 2, and the second adjusting device 4 drives the second Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part 22 to horizontally move.
The first adjusting device 3 and the second adjusting device 4 can be both electric push rods, and the structure can meet the requirement of high-precision gap adjustment.
As shown in fig. 7, the first adjusting device 3 and the second adjusting device 4 can also be bolt connecting plates, and the adjusting of the connecting position of the corresponding Halbach permanent magnet array is further completed by changing the connecting position of the bolt by the structure at the moment, so that the low-precision clearance adjustment is conveniently carried out.
As shown in fig. 3, in order to facilitate data acquisition, for example, acquisition of electromagnetic force, the present invention introduces a data acquisition sensor 6, wherein the data acquisition sensor 6 is disposed on a first Halbach permanent magnet array connection portion 21 and a second Halbach permanent magnet array connection portion 22, and the data acquisition sensor 6 is electrically connected to a signal control device.
As shown in fig. 5, in order to facilitate the limitation of the degree of freedom of the test carriage 2, so that the test carriage 2 only runs along the track direction, the present invention introduces a restraining device, wherein the restraining device comprises a wheel pair 51 and a steel rail 52, the wheel pair 51 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the test carriage 2 through a first connecting rod 53, the steel rail 52 is fixedly connected to the ground through a second connecting rod 54, and the wheel pair 51 and the steel rail 52 are in rolling connection.
In order to determine the specific structural form of the circular track 1, the present invention preferably defines the circular track 1 as a racetrack type.
In order to clarify the specific structure of the coil connected to the coil connecting plate 13, the coil is an "8" shaped coil 7 as shown in fig. 7.
In addition, the invention provides a permanent magnet electric suspension experimental method, which uses the permanent magnet electric suspension experimental device and comprises the following experiments:
in a coil type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment, firstly, the eddy current braking conductor plate 14 is lifted vertically by the second lifting device 12;
a coil is arranged on the coil connecting plate 13, a second Halbach permanent magnet array 220 is arranged on the second Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part 22, and the first lifting device 11 is adjusted to enable the coil to correspond to the second Halbach permanent magnet array 220 in position;
after the experiment trolley 2 is arranged on the annular track 1, a coil type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment is carried out, and experimental data are collected;
after the coil type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment data are collected, the first lifting device 11 vertically lifts the coil connecting plate 13, and the second lifting device 12 vertically lowers the eddy current braking conductor plate 14 to complete braking of the experiment trolley 2;
in the flat-plate type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment, firstly, a flat-plate type electric conductor plate is arranged on a flat-plate type electric conductor plate connecting part 15, and a first Halbach permanent magnet array 210 is arranged on a first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part 21, so that the first Halbach permanent magnet array 210 corresponds to the flat-plate type electric conductor plate in position;
after the experiment trolley 2 is arranged on the annular track 1, the first lifting device 11 vertically lifts the coil connecting plate 13, the second lifting device 12 vertically lifts the eddy current braking conductor plate 14, then a flat-plate type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment is carried out, and experimental data are collected;
after the flat plate type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment data are collected, the second lifting device 12 vertically lowers the eddy current brake conductor plate 14 to complete the braking of the experiment trolley 2;
in the eddy current braking experiment, firstly, a second Halbach permanent magnet array 220 is arranged on the second Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part 22;
the experiment trolley 2 is arranged on the annular track 1;
after the experiment trolley 2 reaches a certain speed, the second lifting device 12 vertically lowers the eddy current braking conductor plate 14, so that the eddy current braking conductor plate 14 corresponds to the second Halbach permanent magnet array 220 in position;
and carrying out an eddy current braking experiment and collecting experimental data.
In each experiment, when the experiment trolley 2 is started and accelerated from a static state, after the control system receives an acceleration command, the control system leads a ground power supply into the stator coil 16 in a three-phase alternating current mode through the traction inverter and the inductor, monitors information such as the actual power supply frequency f, the power supply slip ratio s, the vehicle running speed v, the running position, the motor working air gap, the working voltage current and the like of the linear induction motor in real time, and calculates to obtain the optimal power supply frequency f' of the motor and the corresponding optimal power supply slip ratio s f’ And the acceleration required for the test carriage 2, based on the running speed of the test carriage 2
By adjusting f and s, the following can be satisfied: f = f' and gradually accelerating the laboratory carriage 2 to a given speed v
Is the pole pitch of the coil windings.
In the coil type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment, in the process that the speed of the experiment trolley 2 is accelerated from 0 to v under the drive of the linear induction motor, when the running speed of the experiment trolley 2 is monitored to reach the experiment matching speed v1, the data acquisition sensor 6 on the experiment trolley 2 can detect and acquire the suspension force, the magnetic resistance force and the guiding force when the magnet passes through the coil section.
In this electronic suspension experimentation of coil form permanent magnetism, set up second adjusting device 4, after accomplishing the electronic suspension experiment of coil form permanent magnetism once, adjust the position of a second Halbach permanent magnet array connecting portion 22 once through second adjusting device 4 to change the vertical height and the lateral displacement of second Halbach permanent magnet array 220, obtain the three-dimensional power under different vertical deviation and the different air gaps with this. The three-dimensional force is three components of electromagnetic force generated by interaction of the second Halbach permanent magnet array 220 and the coil, namely suspension force in the vertical direction, reluctance force in the motion direction and transverse guiding force. As shown in fig. 8 to 12, there are graphs of parameters such as electromagnetic force measured by the experimental apparatus of the present invention.
In the flat-plate permanent magnet electric suspension experiment, in the process that the speed of the experiment trolley 2 is accelerated from 0 to v under the drive of the linear induction motor, when the running speed of the experiment trolley 2 is monitored to reach the experiment matching speed v2, the data acquisition sensor 6 on the experiment trolley 2 can detect and acquire the suspension force and the magnetic resistance when the magnet passes through the flat-plate electric conductor plate section.
In the process of the flat-plate permanent magnet electric suspension experiment, the first adjusting device 3 is arranged, and after the flat-plate permanent magnet electric suspension experiment is completed for one time, the position of the connecting part 21 of the first Halbach permanent magnet array is adjusted for one time through the first adjusting device 3, so that the vertical height and the transverse displacement of the first Halbach permanent magnet array 210 are changed, and the suspension force and the magnetic resistance under different air gaps and magnet deflection are obtained. Fig. 13 is a graph showing the variation of electromagnetic force with speed at different gaps obtained by the experimental apparatus of the present invention.
When a coil type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment and a flat plate type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment are carried out, the eddy current braking conductor plate 14 is lifted, so that the projection surfaces of the eddy current braking conductor plate 14 and the vehicle-mounted eddy current braking permanent magnet array in the transverse direction of the experiment trolley 2 are not overlapped, at the moment, the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet array does not generate braking force, and the experiment trolley 2 is not subjected to resistance in the running direction under the state.
In the eddy current braking experiment, the experiment trolley 2 is driven by the linear induction motor, the speed is accelerated to v from 0, and when the running speed of the experiment trolley 2 is monitored to reach the experiment matching speed v3, the data acquisition sensor 6 on the experiment trolley 2 can detect and acquire the eddy current braking force of the magnet passing through the two sides of the track.
In the eddy current braking experiment process, the eddy current braking force under different working conditions can be obtained by adjusting the transverse displacement of the second Halbach permanent magnet array 220 as shown in fig. 14 and 15.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A permanent magnet electric suspension experimental device is characterized by comprising
The annular rail (1) comprises a first straight part and a second straight part, the first straight part is provided with a first lifting device (11) and a coil connecting plate (13), a coil is arranged on the coil connecting plate (13), the first lifting device (11) drives the coil connecting plate (13) to move in the vertical direction, the second straight part is provided with a second lifting device (12) and an eddy current braking conductor plate (14), and the second lifting device (12) drives the eddy current braking conductor plate (14) to move in the vertical direction;
the device comprises an experiment trolley (2), wherein a first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part (21) is arranged at the bottom of the experiment trolley (2), a first Halbach permanent magnet array (210) is arranged on the first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part (21), a flat-plate type electric conductor plate connecting part (15) is arranged on the annular track (1) at a position corresponding to the first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part (21), and second Halbach permanent magnet array connecting parts (22) are arranged on two sides of the experiment trolley (2); a second Halbach permanent magnet array (220) is arranged on the second Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part (22); and
the driving system comprises a stator coil (16) arranged at the top of the annular track (1) and an induction conductor plate (23) arranged at the bottom of the experiment trolley (2), and the stator coil (16) and the induction conductor plate (23) are matched to generate a propelling force to drive the experiment trolley (2);
the first adjusting device (3) is arranged between the first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part (21) and the bottom of the experiment trolley (2), and the first adjusting device (3) drives the first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part (21) to vertically move;
a second adjusting device (4), the second adjusting device (4) is arranged between the second Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part (22) and the side part of the experiment trolley (2), and the second adjusting device (4) drives the second Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part (22) to move horizontally.
2. The experimental device for permanent magnet electric suspension as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first lifting device (11) comprises a base body (111) and a cylinder (112), the base body (111) is arranged vertically, the cylinder (112) is fixedly connected to a side wall of the base body (111), the cylinder (112) is electrically connected with a cylinder control device, and an output end of the cylinder (112) is in transmission connection with the coil connecting plate (13).
3. The experimental device for permanent magnet electric suspension as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first adjusting device (3) and the second adjusting device (4) are both electric push rods.
4. The experimental device for the permanent magnet electrodynamic levitation of claim 1, comprising a data acquisition sensor (6), wherein the data acquisition sensor (6) is disposed on the first Halbach permanent magnet array connection part (21) and the second Halbach permanent magnet array connection part (22), and the data acquisition sensor (6) is electrically connected to a signal control device.
5. The experimental device for permanent magnet electric suspension is characterized by comprising a restraining device, wherein the restraining device comprises a wheel pair (51) and a steel rail (52), the wheel pair (51) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the experimental trolley (2) through a first connecting rod (53), the steel rail (52) is fixedly connected to the ground through a second connecting rod (54), and the wheel pair (51) and the steel rail (52) are in rolling connection.
6. A permanent-magnet electrodynamic levitation train according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the ring track (1) is racetrack-shaped and the coil connecting plate (13) is used to connect the "8" shaped coil (7).
7. A permanent magnetic electro-dynamic levitation test method, characterized in that a permanent magnetic electro-dynamic levitation test apparatus as claimed in any one of the above claims 1 to 6 is used, comprising the following tests:
in a coil type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment, firstly, a second lifting device (12) vertically lifts an eddy current brake conductor plate (14);
a coil is arranged on the coil connecting plate (13), a second Halbach permanent magnet array (220) is arranged on the second Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part (22), and the first lifting device (11) is adjusted to enable the coil to correspond to the second Halbach permanent magnet array (220);
after the experiment trolley (2) is arranged on the annular track (1), a coil type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment is carried out, and experimental data are collected;
after the coil type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment data are collected, the first lifting device (11) vertically lifts the coil connecting plate (13), and the second lifting device (12) vertically lowers the eddy current braking conductor plate (14) to complete braking of the experiment trolley (2);
the flat-plate type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment comprises the steps that firstly, a flat-plate type electric conductor plate is arranged on a flat-plate type electric conductor plate connecting part (15), a first Halbach permanent magnet array (210) is arranged on a first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part (21), and the first Halbach permanent magnet array (210) corresponds to the flat-plate type electric conductor plate in position;
after the experiment trolley (2) is arranged on the annular track (1), the coil connecting plate (13) is vertically lifted by the first lifting device (11), the eddy current brake conductor plate (14) is vertically lifted by the second lifting device (12), then a flat-plate type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment is carried out, and experimental data are collected;
after the flat plate type permanent magnet electric suspension experiment data are collected, the second lifting device (12) vertically transfers the eddy current brake conductor plate (14) to complete the braking of the experiment trolley (2);
in an eddy current braking experiment, firstly, a second Halbach permanent magnet array (220) is arranged on a second Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part (22);
the experiment trolley (2) is arranged on the annular track (1);
after the experiment trolley (2) reaches a certain speed, the second lifting device (12) vertically lowers the eddy current braking conductor plate (14), so that the eddy current braking conductor plate (14) corresponds to the second Halbach permanent magnet array (220);
and carrying out an eddy current braking experiment and collecting experimental data.
8. The permanent magnet electrodynamic suspension experimental method of claim 7, characterized in that:
in the flat-plate permanent magnet electric suspension experiment, a first adjusting device (3) is arranged, and after the flat-plate permanent magnet electric suspension experiment is completed for one time, the position of a first Halbach permanent magnet array connecting part (21) is adjusted for one time through the first adjusting device (3);
in the experiment of electronic suspension of coil type permanent magnetism, set up second adjusting device (4), after accomplishing the experiment of electronic suspension of coil type permanent magnetism, adjust the position of a second Halbach permanent magnet array connecting portion (22) once through second adjusting device (4).
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| CN114734826A (en) * | 2022-06-13 | 2022-07-12 | 西南交通大学 | Permanent magnet electric suspension system and guiding method thereof |
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