CN115323819A - 一种提高纳米纤维素纳纤化效率的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种提高纳米纤维素纳纤化效率的方法。本方法选择在卧式珠磨机中以植物纤维和淀粉为原料共研磨,再辅以离心动态分离过程在有效提高纳米纤维素的纳纤化浓度同时实现纳米纤维素与研磨介质的高效分离,进而实现提高纳米纤维素纳纤化效率。采用本发明可有效提高纳米纤维素的纳纤化效率同时克服了过筛分离技术导致的分离效率低易于堵塞筛网的问题并提高纳米纤维素的得率。
Description
技术领域
本发明致力于提供一种提高纳米纤维素纳纤化效率的方法。
背景技术
纳米纤维素是通过化学或机械处理等方法,从纤维素原料中分离出来的至少有一个维度在纳米尺寸范围内的纤维素材料。目前用于制备纳米纤维素的机械方法包括高压均质、微射流、精细研磨等。高压均质机主要由增压头和高压均质腔两部分构成,在50-150MPa高压条件下,0.3-3.0wt%的低浓纤维素悬浮液通过5-20μm的细小喷嘴送入均质腔并释放压力完成均质过程。精细研磨机通过高速旋转动磨盘,静磨盘及中间浓度为5-10wt%的湿物料相互作用,纤维在磨盘间受到碾压、剪切及摩擦等作用,纤维被切断、压溃,并纤丝化。高压均质机作用强烈,制备的CNF均匀性好,但浓度低、作用前需控制纤维尺寸,否则易发生堵塞。超细研磨机结构简单,物料浓度高,无物料堵塞问题且无需磨前控制纤维的尺寸。除此之外,研究者们开发了冷冻破碎法、高强超声法、蒸气爆破法、高速混合法、球磨法等多种机械处理方法。
现有的机械方法制备纳米纤维素存在的问题主要表现为能耗高以及纳纤化效率低的问题。根据文献报道,采用纯机械方法制备纳米纤维素能耗在10000~40000kwh/吨,为了降低机械方法制备纳米纤维素的能耗,现在采取的方法包括各种化学预处理和酶处理。采用机械法制备纳米纤维素能耗高的重要原因之一在于机械处理时的浓度低、纳纤化效率低所致。一般高压均质和微射流浓度很难超过2%,精细研磨以及其他机械处理的浓度也很难超过5%。
专利CN105332306A“制备包含微纤化纤维素的水悬浮液的方法”通过在研磨介质的存在下进行研磨而在水性环境中对包含纤维素的纤维性基材进行微纤化,所述研磨介质在完成研磨后被除去,其中,所述研磨在塔式磨机或过筛研磨机中进行,并且其中所述研磨在不存在可研磨的无机颗粒状材料的情况下进行,其中,所述包含纤维素的纤维性基材的加拿大标准打浆度为700cm3以下。该专利采用塔式磨机或过筛研磨机研磨制备微纤化纤维素,在加入了大量无机颜料的条件下使得研磨固含量可以实现高固含量,同时也实现研磨能耗大幅降低。这种采用无机填料与植物纤维共研磨的方式制得纳米纤维素虽然能有效提高纳米纤维素的制备效率,但这种纳米纤维素混合物作为增强材料因为含有无机填料其应用范围也受到较大限制。根据该专利文献表述,无机填料与植物纤维共研磨能提高研磨浓度降低能耗的原因主要以无机填料为研磨主体,且选用最粗的填料时也有10%的颗粒在2微米以下。
此外,因为纤维本身具有较大的长径比,高浓度纤维悬浮液在通过筛网时极易形成纤维滤饼层,在此条件下采用含研磨介质的方式制备纳米纤维素还存在高浓度下难以通过筛网分离的方式顺利实现纳米纤维素和研磨介质的良好分离。当采用筛网过滤方式进行研磨介质分离还会导致微纤化纤维得率的降低,根据专利该CN105332306A的表述,所得的微纤化纤维水悬浮液中并不包含没能通过BSS筛(符合BS1796)的纤维,所述BSS筛的标称孔径为150μm,例如,标称孔径为125μm,106μm,或90μm,或74μm,或63μm,或53μm、45μm,或38μm。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的问题,提供一种提高纳米纤维素纳纤化效率的方法。
为了达到上述发明目的,本发明人进行了深入的研究后发现,在卧式珠磨机中以植物纤维和淀粉为原料共研磨,再通过动态分离系统以离心动态分离方式实现对植物纤维和淀粉的循环研磨以完成植物纤维和淀粉的纳纤化过程。在动态离心分离条件下,不仅可以有效提高纳米纤维素的纳纤化浓度,还可以实现纳米纤维素与研磨介质的高效分离,进而达到提高纳米纤维素纳纤化效率目的。
为实现本发明目的,所采用的技术方案是:
(1)将植物纤维与淀粉颗粒分散成均匀水悬浮液,其中水悬浮液的固含量1~15%,优选的固含量为2~6%,植物纤维与淀粉的比例(基于植物纤维绝干重量和淀粉颗粒的绝干重量)可以为99∶1~1∶99;
(2)将植物纤维与淀粉的水悬浮液在卧式珠磨机中循环研磨至纤维纳纤化,其中循环研磨时采用离心动态分离系统实现研磨介质与研磨基质的高效分离。
所述的植物纤维可以来自木材或非木材,例如草类、竹子或蔗渣。所述的植物纤维可以是纸浆形式,所述的纸浆可以通过任何适当的化学处理或机械处理或者其组合而得到。所述的纸浆可以是阔叶木浆、针叶木浆、化学机械浆和脱墨浆。所述的纸浆可以经过机械预处理或化学预处理或酶预处理,也可以不经过任何预处理。
所述的淀粉颗粒可以是原淀粉和变性淀粉,变性淀粉可以是氧化淀粉、交联淀粉、酯化淀粉和醚化淀粉。优选的淀粉颗粒为交联淀粉。所述淀粉颗粒的平均粒径为10~40微米。
所述的卧式珠磨机的研磨腔为密闭式棒销设计,研磨介质的填充量50~90%。
所述的纳纤化纤维的平均粒径为小于50微米,所述的平均粒径采用光散射法测定。
所述的动态分离系统置于动态空心轴内,有利于提高研磨及分散效率,克服了传统研磨机研磨介质分布不均的缺点和单批通过量小的难题,达到产量高、批次大的效果。
有益效果:1、采用本发明可有效提高纳米纤维素的纳纤化效率,显著提高纤维研磨固含量。2、采用本发明克服了过筛分离技术导致的分离效率低易于堵塞筛网的问题,同时提高纳纤化纤维的得率。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
将30g漂白阔叶木浆在2%固含量下充分疏解,然后再加入30g交联淀粉(平均粒径微25微米,激光粒度仪测定)和适量水至阔叶木浆和淀粉颗粒悬浮液固含量至4%后充分搅拌均匀得到漂白阔叶木浆和淀粉水分散液。将所制得的漂白阔叶木浆和淀粉水分散液引入带离心动态分离系统的卧式珠磨机中,循环研磨120min得到平均粒径为19.5微米的纳纤化纤维素,其中研磨锆珠的填充量为80%,研磨锆珠的粒径为0.3~0.4mm,研磨转速为3000rpm。
实施例2
将30g漂白阔叶木浆在2%固含量下充分疏解,然后再加入30g磷酸酯淀粉(平均粒径微15微米,激光粒度仪测定)和适量水至阔叶木浆和淀粉颗粒悬浮液固含量至4%后充分搅拌均匀得到漂白阔叶木浆和淀粉水分散液。将所制得的漂白阔叶木浆和淀粉水分散液引入带离心动态分离系统的卧式珠磨机中,循环研磨150min得到平均粒径为21.2微米的纳纤化纤维素,其中研磨锆珠的填充量为80%,研磨锆珠的粒径为0.3~0.4mm,研磨转速为3000rpm。
实施例3
将45g漂白阔叶木浆在2%固含量下充分疏解,然后再加入15g交联淀粉(平均粒径微25微米,激光粒度仪测定)和适量水至阔叶木浆和淀粉颗粒悬浮液固含量至4%后充分搅拌均匀得到漂白阔叶木浆和淀粉水分散液。将所制得的漂白阔叶木浆和淀粉水分散液引入带离心动态分离系统的卧式珠磨机中,循环研磨150min得到平均粒径为27.1微米的纳纤化纤维素,其中研磨锆珠的填充量为80%,研磨锆珠的粒径为0.3~0.4mm,研磨转速为3000rpm。
实施例4
将45g漂白阔叶木浆在2%固含量下充分疏解,然后再加入15g交联淀粉(平均粒径微25微米,激光粒度仪测定)和适量水至阔叶木浆和淀粉颗粒悬浮液固含量至4%后充分搅拌均匀得到漂白阔叶木浆和淀粉水分散液。将所制得的漂白阔叶木浆和淀粉水分散液引入带离心动态分离系统的卧式珠磨机中,循环研磨150min得到平均粒径为15.8微米的纳纤化纤维素,其中研磨锆珠的填充量为70%,研磨锆珠的粒径为0.6~0.8mm,研磨转速为3000rpm。
实施例5
所得纳纤化纤维用于涂布的阻隔性能的评价
将实施例1和实施例4所得的纳纤化纤维素稀释至固含量为2%后,采用刮刀涂布的方式涂布在食品卡表面,涂布量约为9g/m2,在湿度50%RH和温度23℃条件下测得的氧气透过量入表1所示。
表1、含纳纤化纤维素涂层的氧气透过量
实施例6
所得纳纤化纤维用于纸张增强性能的评价
将实施例2和实施例3所得纳纤化纤维素用于薄页纸中的增强,以降低其长纤维即针叶木浆的用量。将漂白针叶木浆和漂白阔叶木浆分别打浆至打浆度为30°SR和28°SR。将打好浆的针叶木浆和阔叶木浆以不同比例混合均匀后调整浆浓至0.3%后,调整好浆浓之前先加入3%(对绝干纤维)的纳纤化纤维素。调整好浆浓的浆样在抄片器抄纸即得到含纳纤化纤维素的手抄片。所得手抄片的强度性能入表2所示。
表2、手抄片的强度性能
Claims (8)
1.一种提高纳米纤维素纳纤化效率的方法,其特征在于:以植物纤维和淀粉为原料制备成水悬浮液后在卧式珠磨机中共研磨,再经过动态分离系统的动态离心分离过程实现对植物纤维和淀粉的循环研磨以制得纳纤化纳米纤维素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高纳米纤维素纳纤化效率的方法,其特征在于所述植物纤维和淀粉水悬浮液的固含量为1~15%,植物纤维与淀粉的比例(基于植物纤维绝干重量和淀粉颗粒的绝干重量)为99∶1~1∶99。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提高纳米纤维素纳纤化效率的方法,其特征在于所述的植物纤维来自木材。
4.根据权利要求1所述的提高纳米纤维素纳纤化效率的方法,其特征在于所述的植物纤维来自非木材。
5.根据权利要求1所述的提高纳米纤维素纳纤化效率的方法,其特征在于所述的植物纤维为纸浆形式。
6.根据权利要求1所述的提高纳米纤维素纳纤化效率的方法,其特征在于所述的淀粉颗粒包括原淀粉和变性淀粉,变性淀粉包括氧化淀粉、交联淀粉、酯化淀粉和醚化淀粉,所述淀粉颗粒的平均粒径为10~40微米,所述的平均粒径采用光散射法测定。
7.根据权利要求1所述的提高纳米纤维素纳纤化效率的方法,其特征在于所述的卧式珠磨机的研磨腔为密闭式棒销设计,所述的动态分离系统置于动态空心轴内,研磨介质的填充量50~90%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的提高纳米纤维素纳纤化效率的方法,其特征在于所述的纳纤化纳米纤维的平均粒径在50微米以下,所述的平均粒径采用光散射法测定。
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