CN115323373A - Wear-resistant aluminum alloy for automobile heat exchanger and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Wear-resistant aluminum alloy for automobile heat exchanger and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115323373A
CN115323373A CN202210975762.8A CN202210975762A CN115323373A CN 115323373 A CN115323373 A CN 115323373A CN 202210975762 A CN202210975762 A CN 202210975762A CN 115323373 A CN115323373 A CN 115323373A
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aluminum alloy
wear
pattern
washing
heat exchanger
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高中宝
张全成
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Suzhou Zhongchengtongren New Material Technology Co ltd
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Suzhou Zhongchengtongren New Material Technology Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/321—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/362—Laser etching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0605—Carbon
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • C23C14/3464—Sputtering using more than one target
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    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/1803—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces
    • C23C18/1806—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by mechanical pretreatment, e.g. grinding, sanding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/18—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C18/1803—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces
    • C23C18/1824—Pretreatment of the material to be coated of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces by chemical pretreatment
    • C23C18/1837—Multistep pretreatment
    • C23C18/1844—Multistep pretreatment with use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, first
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/31—Coating with metals
    • C23C18/38—Coating with copper
    • C23C18/40—Coating with copper using reducing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
    • C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
    • C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
    • C23C28/343—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one DLC or an amorphous carbon based layer, the layer being doped or not
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces

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Abstract

The invention discloses a wear-resistant aluminum alloy for an automobile heat exchanger and a preparation method thereof, the scheme is to improve the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy, carry out surface wear-resistant modification treatment on the aluminum alloy, firstly polish an aluminum alloy substrate, ultrasonically clean the aluminum alloy substrate by deionized water and acetone after polishing to remove oil stains on the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate, transfer the aluminum alloy substrate to a hydrochloric acid solution for micro-etching after cleaning, dip a copper layer on the surface of the aluminum alloy after cleaning by acetone, and then prepare a composite film layer, wherein the prepared aluminum alloy has excellent wear resistance, and the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate is reasonably provided with a plurality of composite coating layers to realize a hierarchical structure with rigid outside and flexible inside, thereby improving the erosion resistance of the aluminum alloy substrate; the aluminum alloy prepared by the scheme also has excellent corrosion resistance, can be applied to the fields of processing of automobile heat exchangers, automobile shells, engine shells and the like, and has high practicability.

Description

Wear-resistant aluminum alloy for automobile heat exchanger and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aluminum alloy, in particular to wear-resistant aluminum alloy for an automobile heat exchanger and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The heat exchanger is a device for transferring heat from hot fluid to cold fluid, is widely applied to automobiles and engineering machinery vehicles, and puts forward higher requirements on the section bar processing of the heat exchanger and enterprises along with the more and more deep research and development; most of the existing heat exchangers are processed by adopting aluminum alloy, but the wear resistance of the existing aluminum alloy on the market cannot meet the requirements of people, and the actual application effect is poor.
Based on the situation, the application discloses a wear-resistant aluminum alloy for an automobile heat exchanger and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the technical problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a wear-resistant aluminum alloy for an automobile heat exchanger and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy for an automobile heat exchanger comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking an aluminum alloy substrate, polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate by using sand paper, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy substrate in deionized water and acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning, then transferring the aluminum alloy substrate into hydrochloric acid solution for washing for 5-10 min, then performing ultrasonic cleaning on the aluminum alloy substrate by using acetone solution for 10-20min, and soaking a copper plating layer at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, taking out the aluminum alloy substrate, washing the aluminum alloy substrate by using deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the copper plating layer;
(2) Taking the aluminum alloy containing the copper-plated layer prepared in the step (1), electroplating a nickel-chromium composite plating layer at 35-40 ℃, taking out, washing with deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the nickel-chromium composite plating layer;
(3) Coating photoresist on the aluminum alloy containing the nickel-chromium composite coating prepared in the step (2) above the nickel-chromium composite coating, baking, curing, exposing and developing to form a mask plate with patterns; carrying out laser processing, wherein the pattern of the laser processing is consistent with the pattern of the mask, washing with deionized water after the laser processing, and drying to obtain a pretreated aluminum alloy;
(4) Washing the surface of the pretreated aluminum alloy with acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol, washing with deionized water, drying with nitrogen, placing in a vacuum chamber, and vacuumizing to 2 × 10 -3 ～6×10 -3 Pa, introducing argon gas to bombard and clean for 20-30 min, and sputtering a hard film by taking a chromium target and a graphite target as sources to obtain an aluminum alloy containing the diamond-like hard film;
and removing the surface photoresist after sputtering, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy into an acetone solution and absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning, washing with deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain the wear-resistant aluminum alloy.
According to a more optimized scheme, in the step (3), the pattern of the mask consists of a pattern A and a pattern B;
the pattern A is a grid formed by crossing a plurality of periodically arranged transverse rectangular channels and a plurality of periodically arranged longitudinal rectangular channels; the width of the transverse rectangular channel and the width of the longitudinal rectangular channel are both 1-2 mm;
the pattern B comprises dots C and dots D, the dots C and the dots D are arranged in each grid in a staggered mode, the diameter of each dot C is 6-8 mm, the diameter of each dot D is 4-6 mm, the number of the dots C and the number of the dots D in each grid are 8, and the distance between each transverse rectangular channel and each adjacent transverse rectangular channel, each adjacent longitudinal rectangular channel, each adjacent dot C and each adjacent dot D is 1mm; the distance between each longitudinal rectangular channel and each adjacent longitudinal rectangular channel, between each adjacent dot C and between each adjacent dot D is 1mm; the distance between the dot C and the adjacent dots C and the distance between the dot D and the adjacent dots D are both 1mm, and the distance between the dot D and the adjacent dots D is 1mm.
According to an optimized scheme, in the step (1), when the copper layer is plated in a dipping mode, the plating solution comprises a solvent, copper chloride and thiourea, wherein the concentration of the copper chloride is 0.3-0.5 mol/L, the concentration of the thiourea is 0.1-0.3 mol/L, the solvent is a mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol, and the molar ratio of the choline chloride to the ethylene glycol is 1:2.
according to an optimized scheme, in the step (2), electroplating process parameters are as follows: the current density is 2-3 A.dm -2 The pulse frequency is 300-500 Hz, and the duty ratio is 30-50%.
According to an optimized scheme, in the step (2), the plating solution for electroplating the nickel-chromium composite plating layer comprises the following components: 200-240 g/L of nickel sulfate, 30-40 g/L of nickel chloride, 0.2-0.5 g/L of phytic acid, 0.4-0.8 g/L of gelatin, 30-40 g/L of boric acid, 0.2-0.4 g/L of 1, 4-butynediol, 10-12 g/L of cerium oxide and 20-30 g/L of chromium powder.
According to an optimized scheme, in the step (3), the laser processing depth is 1-2 mm; the laser processing parameters are as follows: the laser power is 40W, the laser pulse frequency is 20KHz, the wavelength is 1064nm, and the spot diameter is 0.6mm.
In the optimized scheme, in the step (4), the thickness of the hard film is 1-1.5 mu m; the bias voltage is (-50) — (-80) V during sputtering, the current of the chromium target is 2-3A, and the current of the graphite target is 3-3.5A.
According to an optimized scheme, the wear-resistant aluminum alloy is prepared by the preparation method of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy for the automobile heat exchanger.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention discloses a wear-resistant aluminum alloy for an automobile heat exchanger and a preparation method thereof, the scheme is to improve the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy and carry out surface wear-resistant modification treatment on the aluminum alloy, when the scheme is prepared, an aluminum alloy matrix is firstly polished, deionized water and acetone are ultrasonically cleaned after polishing to remove oil stains on the surface of the aluminum alloy, the aluminum alloy matrix is transferred into a hydrochloric acid solution for micro-etching after cleaning, and the surface of the aluminum alloy is dipped with a copper layer after cleaning with acetone, and the purpose of the step is as follows: according to the scheme, the nickel-chromium composite plating layer is plated on the surface of the aluminum alloy in the subsequent process, the copper plating layer in advance can be used as a transition layer between the aluminum alloy substrate and the composite plating layer so as to improve the bonding property between the aluminum alloy and the subsequent plating layer, meanwhile, the copper plating layer can promote the subsequent composite plating layer to be more compact, and the overall electroplating effect is more excellent.
Meanwhile, a copper layer is pre-plated as a soft material, a composite plating layer is electroplated and a diamond-like film is sputtered on the copper layer, and a composite hierarchical structure with a hard outer part and a soft inner part is formed through the soft-hardness.
After the copper layer is pre-plated, the copper layer is immersed into plating solution, a nickel-chromium composite plating layer is electroplated on the surface of the plating solution, chromium powder and cerium oxide particles are doped in the plating solution, and the chromium powder and the cerium oxide particles can be plated on the surface of the copper plating layer together with nickel in the electroplating process, so that the purpose is as follows: on one hand, the chromium powder and the cerium oxide particles can be used as reinforcing particles to be plated on the surface of the alloy so as to improve the wear resistance of the surface of the alloy; on the other hand, after the composite coating, the diamond-like carbon film can be sputtered on the surface of the aluminum alloy, wherein in order to improve the mechanical property and the wear resistance of the diamond-like carbon film, the metal element chromium is doped in the diamond-like carbon film, and the addition of chromium powder in the composite coating can improve the bonding property between the diamond-like carbon film and the composite coating.
After the composite coating is electroplated, coating photoresist on the surface of the composite coating, forming a mask plate with a preset pattern after exposure and development, engraving the preset pattern on the surface of the composite coating through laser processing, and sputtering a diamond-like hard film in a groove of the engraved preset pattern to complete the setting of the composite coating; and finally, removing the photoresist, taking out the hard film on the surface of the photoresist outside the preset pattern along with the photoresist, coating a copper layer and a composite coating on the surface of the finally prepared aluminum alloy, engraving the pattern on the surface of the composite coating, and sputtering a diamond-like hard film in the pattern.
The reason why the above scheme is adopted is that: firstly, because the surface of the aluminum alloy is plated with the composite coating, the hardness of the aluminum alloy is relatively excellent, the preset pattern channel has a large influence on the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy, and in order to ensure the integrity of the channel and resist the damage of erosion particles, the scheme is to sputter a diamond-like hard film in the channel, so that the wear resistance and the erosion resistance of the surface of the aluminum alloy can be further improved; on the other hand, the pattern channel can be protected, and the wear-resisting aging of the pattern channel is guaranteed.
The method comprises the steps of carrying out micro-pattern laser engraving on the surface of a composite coating, firstly engraving a pattern A, wherein the pattern A is formed by crossing a plurality of periodically arranged transverse rectangular channels and a plurality of periodically arranged longitudinal rectangular channels, and then engraving a pattern B in each grid, the pattern B comprises round points C and D, the round points C and D are arranged in each grid in a staggered manner, and when the scheme is actually processed, the arrangement sequence of each transverse row and each longitudinal row in the grid is that the round points C-the round points D-the round points C-the round points D are arranged in a staggered manner; the scheme may further include other staggered arrangement modes, which may be specifically defined according to actual needs, and will not be described herein. The micro-pattern is arranged to improve the wear resistance of the surface of the aluminum alloy, the wear resistance of the aluminum alloy is improved through the micro-pattern on the surface, the contact area of particles is reduced, meanwhile, the impact angle and speed of the particles can be changed, the impact frequency is reduced, and the surface wear is reduced.
The invention discloses a wear-resistant aluminum alloy for an automobile heat exchanger and a preparation method thereof, the process design is reasonable, the operation is simple, the prepared aluminum alloy has excellent wear resistance, the surface of the aluminum alloy is reasonably provided with a plurality of layers of composite coatings, and a hierarchical structure with rigid outside and flexible inside is realized, so that the erosion resistance of the aluminum alloy is improved; the aluminum alloy prepared by the scheme also has excellent corrosion resistance, can be applied to the fields of processing of automobile heat exchangers, automobile shells, engine shells and the like, and has high practicability.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is an enlarged schematic view of a micro-pattern on the surface of an aluminum alloy according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-longitudinal rectangular track; 2-transverse rectangular track; 3-dot C; 4-dot D.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the following examples, the copper layer is immersion-plated by a plating solution comprising a solvent, copper chloride and thiourea, wherein the copper chloride concentration is 0.5mol/L, the thiourea concentration is 0.2mol/L, the solvent is a mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol, and the molar ratio of the choline chloride to the ethylene glycol is 1:2.
the plating solution is only the plating solution components actually adopted in the embodiment, but the component formula and the content of the plating solution can be adjusted according to the requirements during actual processing, and the rest schemes are not described in detail herein.
The aluminum alloy matrix is ZL114 alloy.
Example 1:
a preparation method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy for an automobile heat exchanger comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking an aluminum alloy substrate, polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate by using sand paper, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy substrate in deionized water and acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning, wherein the ultrasonic cleaning time is 10min, then transferring the aluminum alloy substrate to hydrochloric acid solution for washing for 5min, then performing ultrasonic cleaning on the aluminum alloy substrate by using acetone solution for 10min, and immersing a copper-plated layer at the temperature of 30 ℃, wherein the immersion time is 3h, taking out the aluminum alloy substrate, washing the aluminum alloy substrate by using deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the copper-plated layer;
(2) Taking the aluminum alloy containing the copper-plated layer prepared in the step (1), electroplating a nickel-chromium composite plating layer at 35 ℃, taking out, washing with deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the nickel-chromium composite plating layer; electric powerThe plating process parameters are as follows: the current density is 2A dm -2 The pulse frequency is 500Hz, and the duty ratio is 40 percent; the thickness of the nickel-chromium composite plating layer is 2mm;
the plating solution comprises the following components in the electroplating process: 240g/L of nickel sulfate, 30g/L of nickel chloride, 0.5g/L of phytic acid, 0.4g/L of gelatin, 30g/L of boric acid, 0.4g/L of 1, 4-butynediol, 10g/L of cerium oxide and 30g/L of chromium powder.
(3) Coating photoresist on the aluminum alloy containing the nickel-chromium composite coating prepared in the step (2), wherein the photoresist is 500 mu m thick, baking, curing, exposing and developing to form a mask plate with patterns; carrying out laser processing, wherein the pattern of the laser processing is consistent with the pattern of the mask plate, and washing and drying the mask plate by deionized water after the laser processing to obtain a pretreated aluminum alloy; the laser processing depth is 1mm; the laser processing parameters are as follows: the laser power is 40W, the laser pulse frequency is 20KHz, the wavelength is 1064nm, and the spot diameter is 0.6mm.
The pattern of the mask consists of a pattern A and a pattern B; the pattern A is a grid formed by crossing a plurality of periodically arranged transverse rectangular channels 2 and a plurality of periodically arranged longitudinal rectangular channels 1; the widths of the transverse rectangular channel 2 and the longitudinal rectangular channel 1 are both 2mm;
the pattern B comprises dots C3 and dots D4, the dots C and the dots D are arranged in each grid in a staggered mode, the diameter of each dot C is 6mm, the diameter of each dot D is 4mm, and the number of the dots C and the number of the dots D in each grid are 8.
(4) Washing the surface of the pretreated aluminum alloy with acetone and anhydrous ethanol for 5min, washing with ionized water, drying with nitrogen gas, placing in a vacuum chamber, and vacuumizing to 5 × 10 -3 Pa, introducing argon gas for bombardment cleaning for 20min, wherein the introduction flow of the argon gas is 30mL/min; sputtering a hard film by taking a chromium target and a graphite target as sources to obtain an aluminum alloy containing the hard film; the thickness of the hard film is 1.5 mu m; the bias voltage during sputtering was-50V, the current for the chromium target was 3A, and the current for the graphite target was 3.5A.
Removing the surface photoresist after sputtering, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy into an acetone solution and absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning for 20min, washing with deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain the wear-resistant aluminum alloy.
Example 2:
a preparation method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy for an automobile heat exchanger comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking an aluminum alloy matrix, polishing surface sand paper, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy matrix in deionized water and acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 15min, then transferring the aluminum alloy matrix into hydrochloric acid solution for washing for 10min, then performing ultrasonic cleaning for 15min through acetone solution, soaking a copper-plated layer at 32 ℃, wherein the soaking time is 2.5h, taking out the aluminum alloy matrix, washing the aluminum alloy matrix with deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the copper-plated layer;
(2) Taking the aluminum alloy containing the copper-plated layer prepared in the step (1), electroplating a nickel-chromium composite coating at 38 ℃, taking out, washing with deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the nickel-chromium composite coating; the parameters of the electroplating process are as follows: the current density is 2A dm -2 The pulse frequency is 500Hz, the duty ratio is 40%, and the thickness of the nickel-chromium composite plating layer is 2mm.
The plating solution comprises the following components in the electroplating process: 240g/L of nickel sulfate, 30g/L of nickel chloride, 0.5g/L of phytic acid, 0.4g/L of gelatin, 30g/L of boric acid, 0.4g/L of 1, 4-butynediol, 10g/L of cerium oxide and 30g/L of chromium powder.
(3) Coating photoresist on the aluminum alloy containing the nickel-chromium composite coating prepared in the step (2), wherein the photoresist is 500 mu m thick, baking, curing, exposing and developing to form a mask plate with patterns; carrying out laser processing, wherein the pattern of the laser processing is consistent with the pattern of the mask, washing with deionized water after the laser processing, and drying to obtain a pretreated aluminum alloy; the laser processing depth is 1mm; the laser processing parameters are as follows: the laser power is 40W, the laser pulse frequency is 20KHz, the wavelength is 1064nm, and the spot diameter is 0.6mm.
The pattern of the mask consists of a pattern A and a pattern B; the pattern A is a grid formed by crossing a plurality of periodically arranged transverse rectangular channels and a plurality of periodically arranged longitudinal rectangular channels; the widths of the transverse rectangular channel and the longitudinal rectangular channel are both 2mm;
the pattern B comprises dots C and dots D, the dots C and the dots D are arranged in each grid in a staggered mode, the diameter of each dot C is 7mm, the diameter of each dot D is 5mm, and the number of the dots C and the number of the dots D in each grid are 8.
(4) Washing the surface of the pretreated aluminum alloy with acetone and anhydrous ethanol for 4min, washing with deionized water, drying with nitrogen gas, placing in a vacuum chamber, and vacuumizing to 5 × 10 -3 Pa, introducing argon to bombard and clean for 25min, wherein the introduction flow of the argon is 30mL/min; sputtering a hard film by taking a chromium target and a graphite target as sources to obtain an aluminum alloy containing the hard film; the thickness of the hard film is 1.5 mu m; the bias voltage during sputtering was-50V, the current for the chromium target was 3A, and the current for the graphite target was 3.5A.
Removing the surface photoresist after sputtering, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy in an acetone solution and absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning for 25min, washing with deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain the wear-resistant aluminum alloy.
Example 3:
a preparation method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy for an automobile heat exchanger comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking an aluminum alloy substrate, polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate by using sand paper, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy substrate in deionized water and acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning, wherein the ultrasonic cleaning time is 20min, then transferring the aluminum alloy substrate into hydrochloric acid solution for washing for 10min, then performing ultrasonic cleaning on a copper-plated layer by using the acetone solution for 20min at the temperature of 35 ℃, wherein the immersion plating time is 2h, taking out the aluminum alloy substrate, washing the aluminum alloy substrate by using the deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the copper-plated layer;
(2) Taking the aluminum alloy containing the copper-plated layer prepared in the step (1), electroplating a nickel-chromium composite plating layer at 40 ℃, taking out, washing with deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the nickel-chromium composite plating layer; the parameters of the electroplating process are as follows: the current density is 2A dm -2 The pulse frequency is 500Hz, the duty ratio is 40%, and the thickness of the nickel-chromium composite plating layer is 2mm.
The plating solution comprises the following components in the electroplating process: 240g/L of nickel sulfate, 30g/L of nickel chloride, 0.5g/L of phytic acid, 0.4g/L of gelatin, 30g/L of boric acid, 0.4g/L of 1, 4-butynediol, 10g/L of cerium oxide and 30g/L of chromium powder.
(3) Coating photoresist on the aluminum alloy containing the nickel-chromium composite coating prepared in the step (2), wherein the photoresist is 500 mu m thick, baking, curing, exposing and developing to form a mask plate with patterns; carrying out laser processing, wherein the pattern of the laser processing is consistent with the pattern of the mask plate, and washing and drying the mask plate by deionized water after the laser processing to obtain a pretreated aluminum alloy; the laser processing depth is 1mm; the laser processing parameters are as follows: the laser power is 40W, the laser pulse frequency is 20KHz, the wavelength is 1064nm, and the spot diameter is 0.6mm.
The pattern of the mask consists of a pattern A and a pattern B; the pattern A is a grid formed by crossing a plurality of periodically arranged transverse rectangular channels and a plurality of periodically arranged longitudinal rectangular channels; the widths of the transverse rectangular channel and the longitudinal rectangular channel are both 2mm;
the pattern B comprises dots C and dots D, the dots C and the dots D are arranged in each grid in a staggered mode, the diameter of each dot C is 8mm, the diameter of each dot D is 6mm, and the number of the dots C and the number of the dots D in each grid are 8.
(4) Washing the surface of the pretreated aluminum alloy with acetone and anhydrous ethanol for 5min, washing with ionized water, drying with nitrogen gas, placing in a vacuum chamber, and vacuumizing to 5 × 10 -3 Pa, introducing argon for bombardment cleaning for 30min, wherein the introduction flow of the argon is 30mL/min; sputtering a hard film by taking a chromium target and a graphite target as sources to obtain an aluminum alloy containing the hard film; the thickness of the hard film is 1.5 mu m; the bias voltage during sputtering was-50V, the current for the chromium target was 3A, and the current for the graphite target was 3.5A.
Removing the surface photoresist after sputtering, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy in an acetone solution and absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning for 30min, washing with deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain the wear-resistant aluminum alloy.
Example 4: in example 4, in contrast to example 3, chromium powder was not added to the nickel plating bath and the remaining steps were kept the same.
A preparation method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy for an automobile heat exchanger comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking an aluminum alloy substrate, polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate by using sand paper, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy substrate in deionized water and acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning, wherein the ultrasonic cleaning time is 20min, then transferring the aluminum alloy substrate into hydrochloric acid solution for washing for 10min, then performing ultrasonic cleaning on a copper-plated layer by using the acetone solution for 20min at the temperature of 35 ℃, wherein the immersion plating time is 2h, taking out the aluminum alloy substrate, washing the aluminum alloy substrate by using the deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the copper-plated layer;
(2) Taking the aluminum alloy containing the copper-plated layer prepared in the step (1), electroplating a nickel-chromium composite coating at 40 ℃, taking out, washing with deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the nickel-chromium composite coating; the parameters of the electroplating process are as follows: the current density is 2A dm -2 The pulse frequency is 500Hz, the duty ratio is 40%, and the thickness of the nickel-chromium composite plating layer is 2mm.
The plating solution comprises the following components in the electroplating process: 240g/L of nickel sulfate, 30g/L of nickel chloride, 0.5g/L of phytic acid, 0.4g/L of gelatin, 30g/L of boric acid, 0.4g/L of 1, 4-butynediol and 10g/L of cerium oxide.
(3) Coating photoresist on the aluminum alloy containing the nickel-chromium composite coating prepared in the step (2), wherein the photoresist is 500 mu m thick, baking, curing, exposing and developing to form a mask plate with patterns; carrying out laser processing, wherein the pattern of the laser processing is consistent with the pattern of the mask plate, and washing and drying the mask plate by deionized water after the laser processing to obtain a pretreated aluminum alloy; the laser processing depth is 1mm; the laser processing parameters are as follows: the laser power is 40W, the laser pulse frequency is 20KHz, the wavelength is 1064nm, and the spot diameter is 0.6mm.
The pattern of the mask consists of a pattern A and a pattern B; the pattern A is a grid formed by crossing a plurality of periodically arranged transverse rectangular channels and a plurality of periodically arranged longitudinal rectangular channels; the width of the transverse rectangular channel and the width of the longitudinal rectangular channel are both 2mm;
the pattern B comprises dots C and dots D, the dots C and the dots D are arranged in each grid in a staggered mode, the diameter of each dot C is 8mm, the diameter of each dot D is 6mm, and the number of the dots C and the number of the dots D in each grid are 8.
(4) Washing the surface of the pretreated aluminum alloy with acetone and anhydrous ethanol for 5min, washing with deionized water, drying with nitrogen, placing in a vacuum chamber, and vacuumizingEmpty to 5X 10 -3 Pa, introducing argon for bombardment cleaning for 30min, wherein the introduction flow of the argon is 30mL/min; sputtering a hard film by taking a chromium target and a graphite target as sources to obtain an aluminum alloy containing the hard film; the thickness of the hard film is 1.5 mu m; the bias voltage during sputtering was-50V, the current for the chromium target was 3A, and the current for the graphite target was 3.5A.
Removing the surface photoresist after sputtering, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy in an acetone solution and absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning for 30min, washing with deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain the wear-resistant aluminum alloy.
Example 5: in example 5, in comparison with example 3, chromium powder is not added to the nickel layer plating solution, and the hard film is not doped with chromium, and the rest steps are kept consistent.
A preparation method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy for an automobile heat exchanger comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking an aluminum alloy substrate, polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate by using sand paper, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy substrate in deionized water and acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning, wherein the ultrasonic cleaning time is 20min, then transferring the aluminum alloy substrate into hydrochloric acid solution for washing for 10min, then performing ultrasonic cleaning on a copper-plated layer by using the acetone solution for 20min at the temperature of 35 ℃, wherein the immersion plating time is 2h, taking out the aluminum alloy substrate, washing the aluminum alloy substrate by using the deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the copper-plated layer;
(2) Taking the aluminum alloy of the copper-plated layer prepared in the step (1), electroplating a nickel-chromium composite coating at 40 ℃, taking out, washing with deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the nickel-chromium composite coating; the parameters of the electroplating process are as follows: the current density is 2A dm -2 The pulse frequency is 500Hz, the duty ratio is 40%, and the thickness of the nickel-chromium composite plating layer is 2mm.
The plating solution comprises the following components in the electroplating process: 240g/L of nickel sulfate, 30g/L of nickel chloride, 0.5g/L of phytic acid, 0.4g/L of gelatin, 30g/L of boric acid, 0.4g/L of 1, 4-butynediol and 10g/L of cerium oxide.
(3) Coating photoresist on the aluminum alloy prepared in the step (2) above the composite coating, wherein the photoresist is 500 mu m thick, baking, curing, exposing and developing to form a mask plate with patterns; carrying out laser processing, wherein the pattern of the laser processing is consistent with the pattern of the mask plate, and washing and drying the mask plate by deionized water after the laser processing to obtain a pretreated aluminum alloy; the laser processing depth is 1mm; the laser processing parameters are as follows: the laser power is 40W, the laser pulse frequency is 20KHz, the wavelength is 1064nm, and the spot diameter is 0.6mm.
The pattern of the mask consists of a pattern A and a pattern B; the pattern A is a grid formed by crossing a plurality of periodically arranged transverse rectangular channels and a plurality of periodically arranged longitudinal rectangular channels; the width of the transverse rectangular channel and the width of the longitudinal rectangular channel are both 2mm;
the pattern B comprises dots C and dots D, the dots C and the dots D are arranged in each grid in a staggered mode, the diameter of each dot C is 8mm, the diameter of each dot D is 6mm, and the number of the dots C and the number of the dots D in each grid are 8.
(4) Washing the surface of the pretreated aluminum alloy with acetone and anhydrous ethanol for 5min, washing with deionized water, drying with nitrogen gas, placing in a vacuum chamber, and vacuumizing to 5 × 10 -3 Pa, introducing argon for bombardment cleaning for 30min, wherein the introduction flow of the argon is 30mL/min; sputtering a hard film by taking a graphite target as a source to obtain an aluminum alloy containing the hard film; the thickness of the hard film is 1.5 mu m; the bias voltage during sputtering was-50V, and the current of the graphite target was 3.5A.
Removing the surface photoresist after sputtering, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy in an acetone solution and absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning for 30min, washing with deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain the wear-resistant aluminum alloy.
Example 6: in contrast to example 3, no composite coating was prepared in example 6, and the remaining steps were consistent.
A preparation method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy for an automobile heat exchanger comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking an aluminum alloy substrate, polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate by using sand paper, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy substrate in deionized water and acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning, wherein the ultrasonic cleaning time is 20min, then transferring the aluminum alloy substrate into hydrochloric acid solution for washing for 10min, then performing ultrasonic cleaning on a copper-plated layer by using the acetone solution for 20min at the temperature of 35 ℃, wherein the immersion plating time is 2h, taking out the aluminum alloy substrate, washing the aluminum alloy substrate by using the deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the copper-plated layer;
(2) Coating photoresist on the aluminum alloy containing the copper plating layer prepared in the step (1), wherein the photoresist is 500 mu m thick, baking, curing, exposing and developing to form a mask plate with patterns; carrying out laser processing, wherein the pattern of the laser processing is consistent with the pattern of the mask plate, and washing and drying the mask plate by deionized water after the laser processing to obtain a pretreated aluminum alloy; the laser processing depth is 1mm; the laser processing parameters are as follows: the laser power is 40W, the laser pulse frequency is 20KHz, the wavelength is 1064nm, and the spot diameter is 0.6mm.
The pattern of the mask consists of a pattern A and a pattern B; the pattern A is a grid formed by crossing a plurality of periodically arranged transverse rectangular channels and a plurality of periodically arranged longitudinal rectangular channels; the widths of the transverse rectangular channel and the longitudinal rectangular channel are both 2mm;
the pattern B comprises dots C and dots D, the dots C and the dots D are arranged in each grid in a staggered mode, the diameter of each dot C is 8mm, the diameter of each dot D is 6mm, and the number of the dots C and the number of the dots D in each grid are 8.
(3) Washing the surface of the pretreated aluminum alloy with acetone and anhydrous ethanol for 5min, washing with ionized water, drying with nitrogen gas, placing in a vacuum chamber, and vacuumizing to 5 × 10 -3 Pa, introducing argon to bombard and clean for 30min, wherein the introduction flow of the argon is 30mL/min; sputtering a hard film by taking a chromium target and a graphite target as sources to obtain an aluminum alloy containing the hard film; the thickness of the hard film is 1.5 mu m; the bias voltage during sputtering was-50V, the current for the chromium target was 3A, and the current for the graphite target was 3.5A.
Removing the surface photoresist after sputtering, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy in an acetone solution and absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning for 30min, washing with deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain the wear-resistant aluminum alloy.
Example 7: in contrast to example 3, no laser patterning was performed in example 7, and the remaining steps were kept consistent.
A preparation method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy for an automobile heat exchanger comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking an aluminum alloy substrate, polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate by using sand paper, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy substrate in deionized water and acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning, wherein the ultrasonic cleaning time is 20min, then transferring the aluminum alloy substrate into hydrochloric acid solution for washing for 10min, then performing ultrasonic cleaning on a copper-plated layer by using the acetone solution for 20min at the temperature of 35 ℃, wherein the immersion plating time is 2h, taking out the aluminum alloy substrate, washing the aluminum alloy substrate by using the deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the copper-plated layer;
(2) Taking the aluminum alloy of the copper-plated layer prepared in the step (1), electroplating a nickel-chromium composite coating at 40 ℃, taking out, washing with deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the nickel-chromium composite coating; the parameters of the electroplating process are as follows: the current density is 2A dm -2 The pulse frequency is 500Hz, the duty ratio is 40%, and the thickness of the nickel-chromium composite plating layer is 2mm.
The plating solution comprises the following components in the electroplating process: 240g/L of nickel sulfate, 30g/L of nickel chloride, 0.5g/L of phytic acid, 0.4g/L of gelatin, 30g/L of boric acid, 0.4g/L of 1, 4-butynediol, 10g/L of cerium oxide and 30g/L of chromium powder.
(3) Washing the surface of the pretreated aluminum alloy with acetone and anhydrous ethanol for 5min, washing with deionized water, drying with nitrogen gas, placing in a vacuum chamber, and vacuumizing to 5 × 10 -3 Pa, introducing argon to bombard and clean for 30min, wherein the introduction flow of the argon is 30mL/min; sputtering a hard film by taking a chromium target and a graphite target as sources to obtain aluminum alloy containing the hard film; the thickness of the hard film is 1.5 mu m; the bias voltage during sputtering was-50V, the current for the chromium target was 3A, and the current for the graphite target was 3.5A.
Removing the surface photoresist after sputtering, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy in an acetone solution and absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning for 30min, washing with deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain the wear-resistant aluminum alloy.
Detection experiment:
the wear-resistant aluminum alloys prepared in examples 1 to 6 were tested according to the following protocols, and the experimental data were recorded:
1. taking the wear-resistant aluminum alloys prepared in examples 1 to 6, the wear-resistant aluminum alloys were subjected to a friction wear tester using a stainless steel ball having a diameter of 4mm as a friction pair, a reciprocating friction distance of 5mm, a friction load of 5N, and friction tests in both dry and wet (3.5% NaCl solution) environments, and recorded and calculatedWear rate (mm) 3 /N·m)。
Taking an aluminum alloy matrix, carrying out a friction and wear test, testing the friction load to be 5N, recording and calculating the wear rate (mm) 3 /N·m)。
2. And testing the binding force of the diamond-like film on the surface of the aluminum alloy by adopting a scratch method, recording the binding force, testing the hardness of the diamond-like film (in the micro-pattern channel) on the surface of the aluminum alloy, and recording data.
3. The wear-resistant aluminum alloy was immersed in a 3.5-vol% NaCl solution at room temperature for 30 days, and the surface plating layer change was observed. The qualification standard is as follows: the surface of the plating layer has no shedding, cracking or foaming.
Figure BDA0003797724420000121
And (4) conclusion: the invention discloses a wear-resistant aluminum alloy for an automobile heat exchanger and a preparation method thereof, the process design is reasonable, the operation is simple, the prepared aluminum alloy has excellent wear resistance, the surface of the aluminum alloy is reasonably provided with a plurality of layers of composite coatings, and a hierarchical structure with rigid outside and flexible inside is realized, so that the erosion resistance of the aluminum alloy is improved; the aluminum alloy prepared by the scheme also has excellent corrosion resistance, can be practically applied to the fields of processing of automobile heat exchangers, automobile shells, engine shells and the like, and has high practicability.
It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as first and second, and the like are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described above, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. A preparation method of wear-resistant aluminum alloy for an automobile heat exchanger is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking an aluminum alloy substrate, polishing the surface of the aluminum alloy substrate by using sand paper, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy substrate in deionized water and acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning, then transferring the aluminum alloy substrate into hydrochloric acid solution for washing for 5-10 min, then performing ultrasonic cleaning on the aluminum alloy substrate by using acetone solution for 10-20min, and soaking a copper plating layer at the temperature of 30-35 ℃, taking out the aluminum alloy substrate, washing the aluminum alloy substrate by using deionized water, and performing vacuum drying to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the copper plating layer;
(2) Taking the aluminum alloy containing the copper-plated layer prepared in the step (1), electroplating a nickel-chromium composite plating layer at 35-40 ℃, taking out, washing with deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain the aluminum alloy containing the nickel-chromium composite plating layer;
(3) Taking the aluminum alloy containing the nickel-chromium composite coating prepared in the step (2), coating photoresist on the nickel-chromium composite coating, baking, curing, exposing and developing to form a mask plate with patterns; carrying out laser processing, wherein the pattern of the laser processing is consistent with the pattern of the mask, washing with deionized water after the laser processing, and drying to obtain a pretreated aluminum alloy;
(4) Washing the surface of the pre-treated aluminum alloy with acetone and absolute ethyl alcohol, washing with deionized water, drying with nitrogen, placing in a vacuum chamber, and vacuumizing to 2 × 10 -3 ～6×10 -3 Pa, introducing argon gas to bombard and clean for 20-30 min, and sputtering a hard film by taking a chromium target and a graphite target as sources to obtain an aluminum alloy containing the diamond-like hard film;
removing the surface photoresist after sputtering, sequentially placing the aluminum alloy into an acetone solution and absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning, washing by deionized water, and drying in vacuum to obtain the wear-resistant aluminum alloy.
2. The method for preparing the wear-resistant aluminum alloy for the automobile heat exchanger as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the pattern of the mask consists of a pattern A and a pattern B;
the pattern A is a grid formed by crossing a plurality of periodically arranged transverse rectangular channels (2) and a plurality of periodically arranged longitudinal rectangular channels (1); the widths of the transverse rectangular channel (2) and the longitudinal rectangular channel (1) are both 1-2 mm;
the pattern B comprises dots C (3) and dots D (4), the dots C (3) and the dots D (4) are arranged in each grid in a staggered mode, the diameter of each dot C (3) is 6-8 mm, the diameter of each dot D (4) is 4-6 mm, and the number of the dots C (3) and the number of the dots D (4) in each grid are 8.
3. The method for preparing the wear-resistant aluminum alloy for the automobile heat exchanger as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (1), the plating solution comprises a solvent, copper chloride and thiourea when the copper layer is dipped, wherein the concentration of the copper chloride is 0.3-0.5 mol/L, the concentration of the thiourea is 0.1-0.3 mol/L, the solvent is a mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol, and the mol ratio of the choline chloride to the ethylene glycol is 1:2.
4. the method for preparing the wear-resistant aluminum alloy for the automobile heat exchanger as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the parameters of the electroplating process are as follows: the current density is 2-3 A.dm -2 The pulse frequency is 300-500 Hz, and the duty ratio is 30-50%.
5. The method for preparing the wear-resistant aluminum alloy for the automobile heat exchanger as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (2), the plating solution for electroplating the nickel-chromium composite coating comprises the following components: 200 to 240g/L of nickel sulfate, 30 to 40g/L of nickel chloride, 0.2 to 0.5g/L of phytic acid, 0.4 to 0.8g/L of gelatin, 30 to 40g/L of boric acid, 0.2 to 0.4g/L of 1, 4-butynediol, 10 to 12g/L of cerium oxide and 20 to 30g/L of chromium powder.
6. The method for preparing the wear-resistant aluminum alloy for the automobile heat exchanger as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (3), the laser processing depth is 1-2 mm; the laser processing parameters are as follows: the laser power is 40W, the laser pulse frequency is 20KHz, the wavelength is 1064nm, and the spot diameter is 0.6mm.
7. The method for preparing the wear-resistant aluminum alloy for the automobile heat exchanger as recited in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the thickness of the hard film is 1-1.5 μm; the bias voltage is (-50) — (-80) V during sputtering, the current of the chromium target is 2-3A, and the current of the graphite target is 3-3.5A.
8. The wear-resistant aluminum alloy prepared by the preparation method of the wear-resistant aluminum alloy for the automobile heat exchanger according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
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CN115786913A (en) * 2023-02-06 2023-03-14 江苏东方九天新能源材料有限公司 Battery steel shell with metal layer plated on surface and processing technology thereof
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115786913A (en) * 2023-02-06 2023-03-14 江苏东方九天新能源材料有限公司 Battery steel shell with metal layer plated on surface and processing technology thereof
CN116926542A (en) * 2023-07-12 2023-10-24 北方工业大学 Copper-nickel-diamond composite material with low friction coefficient and preparation method thereof
CN116926542B (en) * 2023-07-12 2024-03-19 北方工业大学 Copper-nickel-diamond composite material with low friction coefficient and preparation method thereof

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Application publication date: 20221111