CN115323276A - Bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity and production process thereof - Google Patents
Bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity and production process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing steel, and relates to bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity and a production process thereof. The components are C0.72-0.82%, cr2.8-3.8%, ni0.55-0.85%, N0.02-0.025%, V0.15-0.25%, mo0.2-0.25%, mn0.26-0.45%, si 0.18-0.25%, ta0.01-0.15%, B0.001-0.005%, S less than or equal to 0.005%, P less than or equal to 0.025%, O less than or equal to 0.001%, cu less than or equal to 0.005%, al less than or equal to 0.05%, nb less than or equal to 0.3%, ti less than or equal to 0.005%, V + B + Nb + Ti less than or equal to 0.35%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the invention reduces the production cost and resource consumption, and achieves the aim of giving consideration to high strength and high plasticity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bearing steel, and particularly relates to bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity and a production process thereof.
Background
The bearing is one of the most important key basic parts of various equipment, and the bearing steel has the advantages of good fatigue resistance, wear resistance, cold and hot processing performance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of important equipment such as precision machine tools, metallurgical equipment, heavy equipment and the like and the fields of new industries such as wind power generation, high-speed rail vehicles, aerospace and the like. With the development of high-end manufacturing industry, high strength, high plasticity and good service life are required for high-speed precision machine tool main shaft bearings, wind driven generator main shaft bearings, high-speed railway axle box bearings and the like.
The factors influencing the performance of the bearing steel are mainly summarized into two aspects of problems: purity and homogeneity of the steel. The purity of bearing steel refers to the content and type of inclusions in the steel, including the type and content of harmful elements, gases and the like. Uniformity of bearing steel refers to uniformity of chemical composition and uniformity of carbides. With the development of modern science and technology, higher and tighter requirements are put forward on the quality of the bearing; the performance gap of the existing bearing material is mainly represented by insufficient stability control in the aspects of tissue uniformity, hardness, plasticity and the like.
Therefore, the improvement of the comprehensive quality of the bearing steel becomes a key problem which needs to be solved urgently in the steel industry of China.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects in the prior art and provides bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity and a production process thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention comprises the steps of:
the invention firstly provides bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity, which consists of the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.72 to 0.82%, cr:2.8 to 3.8%, ni:0.55-0.85%, N:0.02 to 0.025%, V:0.15 to 0.25%, mo:0.2-0.25%, mn:0.26 to 0.45%, si:0.18 to 0.25%, ta:0.01-0.15%, B:0.001-0.005%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, P is less than or equal to 0.025%, O: less than or equal to 0.001%, less than or equal to 0.005% of Cu, al: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of V + B + Nb + Ti and less than or equal to 0.35 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The strength of the steel can be increased when the content of C is within a certain range, but when the content of C is higher, the depletion process of alloy elements in solid solution and the phenomenon of remarkable aggregation of carbide phases are accelerated under the action of high temperature and long time stress, so that the hot strength performance of the steel is reduced, and the brittleness of the steel is increased, therefore, in order to ensure the hot strength performance of the material at high temperature, the plasticity of the material needs to be considered, the content of C needs to be controlled to a certain extent, and the content of C is controlled to be 0.72-0.82%.
N has a positive effect on the high-temperature creep strength under the action of V element, but the toughness of the material is reduced by excessively high N content, so that the content is controlled to be 0.02-0.025%.
The invention adds V, B, nb and Ti, and fully exerts the dual functions of microalloy reinforcement and cooling control fine grain reinforcement; the invention further limits that V + B + Nb + Ti is more than or equal to 0.15% and less than or equal to 0.35%, and for bearing steel, tiN, tiC or Ti (CN) with sharp corners can be formed in the bearing steel due to too high Ti content, and the contact fatigue life of the bearing steel is seriously influenced; nb is a strong carbide forming element, can be fixed with carbon in an NbC form so as to improve the high-temperature strength, but is easy to form grain boundary cracks when the content is too high, and can reduce the plasticity; in addition, V is a strong carbide forming element, and V added into steel can form fine and stable alloy carbides with carbon to form a high-strength fine crystalline structure, so that the strength can be improved, but the grain boundary cracks are easily formed when the content is too high.
Finally, the invention limits V + B + Nb + Ti to be more than or equal to 0.15% and less than or equal to 0.35%, and greatly improves the strength and plasticity of the bearing steel under the synergistic action of elements.
The invention also provides a rolling process of the bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity;
(1) Weighing the components according to the weight of each chemical component, mixing the components, smelting, and casting into a steel billet; hot rolling in a hot pressing furnace; preheating section 850 to 880 ℃, heating section 1040 to 1100 ℃, soaking section 1080 to 1200 ℃, rolling temperature 1050 to 1080 ℃, and total heating time of the billet is 150 to 240min;
(2) Forging the steel billet obtained in the step (1), wherein the initial forging temperature is controlled to be 1120-1150 ℃ in the forging process, the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃, the temperature is heated to 1180-1220 ℃ in the forging process, and the temperature is kept for 1.5-2.5 hours; the total forging ratio is more than or equal to 7, and the forging strain rate is 2s -1 ～3s -1 After forging, obtaining a forged piece through air cooling;
(3) Placing the forged piece after air cooling in nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 950-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 40-60 min to carry out first-stage heat treatment; carrying out second-stage heat treatment after heat preservation, wherein the temperature of the second-stage heat treatment is 780-880 ℃, and preserving heat for 4-6 h; after heat preservation, entering an isothermal stage, keeping the temperature at 690-720 ℃, preserving the heat for 4-6 h, and cooling the treated air to room temperature;
(4) Quenching and tempering;
quenching: quenching the forged piece processed in the step (3), controlling the temperature of the forged piece entering the furnace to be less than or equal to 200 ℃, heating at a rate of 10 to 20 ℃/min, heating to 860 to 880 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1 to 2 hours, and then carrying out oil quenching and cooling to obtain the quenched forged piece;
tempering: and tempering the quenched forging, controlling the temperature of the forging feeding furnace to be less than or equal to 300 ℃, controlling the heating rate to be 5-8 ℃/min, heating to 320-380 ℃, preserving the heat for 2-3.5 hours, and then air-cooling to obtain the tempered bearing steel.
Preferably, in the step (1), the hot-pressing furnace adopts a high-efficiency walking beam type heating furnace, a control system is formed by an industrial microcomputer and a PLC, and automatic combustion can be realized according to set parameters.
Preferably, in the step (2), the finish forging temperature is 850-900 ℃; the total forging ratio is 8-10.
Preferably, in the step (3), the temperature increase rate of the first-stage heat treatment is 15 to 20 ℃/min.
Preferably, in the step (3), the temperature rise rate of the austenitizing stage is 10-15 ℃/min, and the temperature is heated to 780-880 ℃; then the cooling rate in the furnace is controlled to be 3-5 ℃/min, so that the sample is cooled to 690-720 ℃ in the furnace.
Preferably, in the step (4), quenching treatment is carried out, and the temperature of the forging entering furnace is controlled to be 120-180 DEG C
Preferably, in the step (4), tempering is carried out, and the temperature of the forging entering furnace is controlled to be 200-250 ℃.
The invention has the advantages and technical effects that:
(1) The invention limits C to be 0.72-0.82%, and the C can increase the strength of steel products when being in a certain range, but when the C content is higher, the depletion process of alloy elements in solid solution and the obvious aggregation phenomenon of carbide phases can be accelerated under the action of high-temperature long-time stress, so that the hot strength performance of steel can be reduced, and the brittleness of steel can be increased, therefore, in order to ensure the hot strength performance of the material at high temperature, the plasticity of the material needs to be considered, the carbon content needs to be controlled to a certain extent, and the content is controlled to be 0.72-0.82%; n has a positive effect on the high-temperature creep strength under the action of V element, but the toughness of the material is reduced by excessively high N content, so that the content is controlled to be 0.02-0.025%.
(2) The invention adds V, B, nb and Ti, and fully exerts the dual functions of microalloy reinforcement and cooling control fine grain reinforcement; the invention further limits that V + B + Nb + Ti is more than or equal to 0.15% and less than or equal to 0.35%, and for bearing steel, tiN, tiC or Ti (CN) with sharp corners can be formed in the bearing steel due to too high Ti content, and the contact fatigue life of the bearing steel is seriously influenced; nb is a strong carbide forming element, can be fixed with carbon in an NbC form so as to improve the high-temperature strength, but is easy to form grain boundary cracks when the content is too high, and can reduce the plasticity; in addition, V is a strong carbide forming element, and V added into steel can form fine and stable alloy carbide with carbon to form a high-strength fine crystal structure, so that the strength can be improved, but the grain boundary crack is easily formed when the content is too high. Finally, the invention limits V + B + Nb + Ti to be more than or equal to 0.15% and less than or equal to 0.35%, and greatly improves the strength and plasticity of the bearing steel under the synergistic action of elements.
(3) The invention sets the forging temperature to be controlled at 1120-1150 ℃ and the finish forging temperature to be controlled at 850-900 ℃, thus reducing the accumulation of distortion energy, ensuring the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization and reducing or even eliminating the tendency of cracking of the end part of the forged piece; and the combined forging ratio is 8-10, so that the irregular-shaped liquated carbide in the as-cast structure can be effectively crushed, and the distribution of the liquated carbide is more uniform.
(4) The bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity prepared by the invention has the advantages that the tensile strength is more than or equal to 2300 MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 1700 MPa, the elongation after fracture and the reduction of area are good, the application range is wide, and the requirements of multiple industries are met; meanwhile, the adopted production process avoids the problem that long-time annealing is needed before cold rolling and in the rolling process, reduces the production period, shortens the production line, reduces the production cost and the resource consumption, and achieves the aim of taking high strength and high plasticity into consideration.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Example 1:
a bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.75%, cr: 3.4%, ni:0.58%, N:0.021%, V:0.18%, mo:0.22%, mn:0.29%, si:0.23%, ta:0.08%, B:0.003%, S:0.005%, P:0.005%, O:0.001%, cu:0.005%, al:0.03%, nb:0.12%, ti:0.003%, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a rolling process of the bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity;
(1) Weighing the components according to the weight of each chemical component, mixing the components, smelting, and casting into a steel billet; hot rolling in a hot pressing furnace; the preheating section is 860 ℃, the heating section is 1060 ℃, the soaking section is 1180 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 1050 ℃, and the total heating time of the billet is 240min;
(2) Forging the steel billet obtained in the step (1), wherein the initial forging temperature is controlled to be 1120 ℃ and the final forging temperature is controlled to be 880 ℃ in the forging process, the steel billet is heated to 1180 ℃ in the forging process, and the temperature is kept for 2.5 hours; the total forging ratio was 8 and the forging strain rate was 3s -1 After forging, performing air cooling to obtain a forged piece;
(3) Placing the air-cooled forge piece in a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 960 ℃ at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and carrying out first-stage heat treatment after keeping the temperature for 60 min; carrying out second-stage heat treatment after heat preservation, wherein the heating rate of the second-stage heat treatment is 10 ℃/min, the temperature is 880 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4h; cooling at a cooling rate of 5 ℃/min to a temperature of 690 ℃ after heat preservation, entering an isothermal stage, preserving heat for 6h, and cooling in air to room temperature after treatment;
(4) Quenching and tempering;
quenching: quenching the forged piece treated in the step (3), controlling the temperature of the forged piece entering the furnace to be 160 ℃, heating up at a rate of 10 ℃/min, heating to 860 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1 hour, and then carrying out oil quenching and cooling to obtain the quenched forged piece;
tempering: and (3) tempering the quenched forging, controlling the temperature of the forging feeding furnace to be 200 ℃, heating up at the rate of 8 ℃/min, heating to 360 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2.5 hours, and then air cooling to obtain the tempered bearing steel.
Example 2:
a bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.82%, cr: 2.8%, ni:0.55%, N:0.025%, V:0.15%, mo:0.22%, mn:0.26%, si:0.25%, ta:0.08%, B:0.003%, S:0.005%, P:0.005%, O:0.001%, cu:0.005%, al:0.03%, nb:0.08%, ti:0.003%, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a rolling process of the bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity;
(1) Weighing the components according to the weight of each chemical component, mixing the materials, smelting and casting into a steel billet; hot rolling in a hot pressing furnace; the preheating section is 880 ℃, the heating section is 1040 ℃, the soaking section is 1200 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 1050 ℃, and the total heating time of the billet is 180min;
(2) Forging the steel billet obtained in the step (1), wherein the initial forging temperature is controlled to be 1120 ℃ and the final forging temperature is controlled to be 850 ℃ in the forging process, the steel billet is heated to 1180 ℃ in the forging process, and the temperature is kept for 2.5 hours; the total forging ratio was 8 and the forging strain rate was 2s -1 After forging, performing air cooling to obtain a forged piece;
(3) Placing the forged piece after air cooling in a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 1000 ℃ at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 40min to carry out first-stage heat treatment; carrying out second-stage heat treatment after heat preservation, wherein the heating rate of the second-stage heat treatment is 15 ℃/min, the temperature is 880 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 4h; cooling at a cooling rate of 5 ℃/min to 720 ℃ after heat preservation, entering an isothermal stage, preserving heat for 5h, and cooling in air to room temperature after treatment;
(4) Quenching and tempering;
quenching: firstly, quenching the forged piece treated in the step (3), controlling the temperature of the forged piece entering the furnace to be 120 ℃, heating up at the rate of 20 ℃/min, heating to 860 ℃, preserving heat for 1.5 hours, and then carrying out oil quenching and cooling to obtain the quenched forged piece;
tempering: and (3) tempering the quenched forging, controlling the temperature of the forging feeding furnace to be 200 ℃, heating up at the rate of 5 ℃/min, heating to 320 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, and then air cooling to obtain the tempered bearing steel.
Example 3:
a bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity comprises the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.74%, cr: 3.6%, ni:0.65%, N:0.02%, V:0.08%, mo:0.2%, mn:0.42%, si:0.18%, ta:0.08%, B:0.003%, S:0.005%, P:0.005%, O:0.001%, cu:0.005%, al:0.03%, nb:0.12%, ti:0.003%, and the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention also provides a rolling process of the bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity;
(1) Weighing the components according to the weight of each chemical component, mixing the materials, smelting and casting into a steel billet; hot rolling in a hot pressing furnace; the preheating section is 880 ℃, the heating section is 1040 ℃, the soaking section is 1080 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 1060 ℃, and the total heating time of the steel billet is 210min;
(2) Forging the steel billet obtained in the step (1), wherein the initial forging temperature is controlled to be 1150 ℃ in the forging process, the final forging temperature is controlled to be 850 ℃, the steel billet is heated to 1180 ℃ in the forging process, and the heat is preserved for 2.5 hours; the total forging ratio was 10 and the forging strain rate was 2s -1 After forging, obtaining a forged piece through air cooling;
(3) Placing the forged piece after air cooling in a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 950 ℃ at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and carrying out first-stage heat treatment after heat preservation for 50 min; carrying out second-stage heat treatment after heat preservation, wherein the heating rate of the second-stage heat treatment is 12 ℃/min, the temperature is 800 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 6h; cooling at a cooling rate of 3 ℃/min to a temperature of 710 ℃ after heat preservation, entering an isothermal stage, preserving heat for 6h, and cooling in air to room temperature after treatment;
(4) Quenching and tempering;
quenching: firstly, quenching the forged piece treated in the step (3), controlling the temperature of the forged piece entering the furnace to be 180 ℃, heating up at a rate of 10 ℃/min, heating to 850 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2 hours, and then carrying out oil quenching and cooling to obtain the quenched forged piece;
tempering: and tempering the quenched forging, controlling the temperature of the forging to 250 ℃, heating at the rate of 5 ℃/min, heating to 380 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3.5 hours, and then air-cooling to obtain the tempered bearing steel.
Comparative example 1:
the rolling process of GCr15 bearing steel comprises the following specific chemical components in percentage by weight: 1.05%, cr:1.25%, si:0.24%, mn:0.34%, S:0.005%, P:0.013%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities.
Rolling process of bearing steel;
(1) Weighing the components according to the weight of each chemical component, mixing the components, smelting, and casting into a steel billet; hot rolling in a hot pressing furnace; the preheating section is 860 ℃, the heating section is 1060 ℃, the soaking section is 1180 ℃, the starting temperature is 1050 ℃, and the total heating time of the billet is 240min;
(2) Forging the steel billet obtained in the step (1), wherein the initial forging temperature is controlled to be 1120 ℃ and the final forging temperature is controlled to be 880 ℃ in the forging process, the steel billet is heated to 1180 ℃ in the forging process, and the temperature is kept for 2.5 hours; the total forging ratio is 8, and the forging strain rate is 3s -1 After forging, obtaining a forged piece through air cooling;
(3) Placing the forged piece after air cooling in a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 960 ℃ at the heating rate of 15 ℃/min, and carrying out first-stage heat treatment after heat preservation for 60 min; carrying out second-stage heat treatment after heat preservation, wherein the heating rate of the second-stage heat treatment is 10 ℃/min, the temperature is 880 ℃, and the heat preservation is carried out for 4h; cooling at a cooling rate of 5 ℃/min to 690 ℃ after heat preservation, entering an isothermal stage, preserving heat for 6h, and cooling in air to room temperature after treatment;
(4) Quenching and tempering;
quenching: quenching the forged piece treated in the step (3), controlling the temperature of the forged piece entering the furnace to be 160 ℃, heating up at a rate of 10 ℃/min, heating to 860 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1 hour, and then carrying out oil quenching and cooling to obtain the quenched forged piece;
tempering: and tempering the quenched forging, controlling the temperature of the forging to 200 ℃, heating at the rate of 8 ℃/min, heating to 360 ℃, keeping the temperature for 2.5 hours, and then air-cooling to obtain the tempered GCr15 bearing steel.
Further, the bearing steel materials obtained in examples 1 to 3 were subjected to mechanical property tests at room temperature, as detailed in table 1.
Table 1 shows the results of the performance test of the bearing steel
Note: tensile property: processing a standard tensile sample with phi of 10mm, performing a tensile test at room temperature, and testing Rm, rp0.2 and A values.
Hardness: and removing the transverse sample, grinding the transverse sample, and testing the HRC value on a Rockwell hardness machine, wherein the test point is one half of the radius.
Normal temperature impact energy: and (3) processing the U-shaped groove impact test sample, performing impact test at room temperature according to GB/T229 'metallic material Charpy pendulum impact test method', obtaining three groups of impact toughness, and calculating an average value.
The bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity prepared by the invention has the advantages that the tensile strength is more than or equal to 2300 MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 1700 MPa, the elongation after fracture and the reduction of area are good, the application range is wide, and the requirements of multiple industries are met; meanwhile, the adopted production process avoids the problem that long-time annealing is needed before cold rolling and in the rolling process, reduces the production period, shortens the production line, reduces the production cost and the resource consumption, and achieves the aim of taking high strength and high plasticity into consideration.
Description of the drawings: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and do not limit the technical solutions described in the present invention; thus, while the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted; all such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of this disclosure and the present invention and protected by the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. The bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: c:0.72 to 0.82%, cr:2.8 to 3.8%, ni:0.55-0.85%, N:0.02 to 0.025%, V:0.15 to 0.25%, mo:0.2-0.25%, mn:0.26 to 0.45%, si:0.18 to 0.25%, ta:0.01-0.15%, B:0.001-0.005%, ba:0.001-0.005%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, P is less than or equal to 0.025%, O: not more than 0.001%, not more than 0.005% of Cu, al: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, less than or equal to 0.3 percent of Nb, less than or equal to 0.005 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of V + B + Nb + Ti and less than or equal to 0.35 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
2. The production process of the bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Weighing the components according to the weight of each chemical component, mixing the materials, smelting and casting into a steel billet; hot rolling in a hot pressing furnace; preheating section 850 to 880 ℃, heating section 1040 to 1100 ℃, soaking section 1080 to 1200 ℃, rolling temperature 1050 to 1080 ℃, and total heating time of the billet is 150 to 240min;
(2) Forging the steel billet obtained in the step (1), wherein the initial forging temperature is controlled to be 1120-1150 ℃ in the forging process, the final forging temperature is more than or equal to 850 ℃, heating to 1180-1220 ℃ in the forging process, and keeping the temperature for 1.5-2.5 hours; the total forging ratio is more than or equal to 7, and the forging strain rate is 2s -1 ～3s -1 After forging, performing air cooling to obtain a forged piece;
(3) Placing the forged piece after air cooling in a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 950-1000 ℃, and preserving heat for 40-60 min for first-stage heat treatment; carrying out second-stage heat treatment after heat preservation, wherein the temperature of the second-stage heat treatment is 780-880 ℃, and preserving heat for 4-6 h; after heat preservation, entering an isothermal stage, keeping the temperature at 690-720 ℃, preserving the heat for 4-6 h, and cooling the treated air to room temperature;
(4) Quenching and tempering;
quenching: quenching the forged piece processed in the step (3), controlling the temperature of the forged piece entering the furnace to be less than or equal to 200 ℃, heating at a rate of 10 to 20 ℃/min, heating to 860 to 880 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1 to 2 hours, and then carrying out oil quenching and cooling to obtain the quenched forged piece;
tempering: and tempering the quenched forging, controlling the temperature of the forging feeding furnace to be less than or equal to 300 ℃, controlling the heating rate to be 5-8 ℃/min, heating to 320-380 ℃, preserving the heat for 2-3.5 hours, and then air-cooling to obtain the tempered bearing steel.
3. The process for producing a bearing steel having both high strength and high plasticity according to claim 2, wherein in the step (1), the autoclave is a high-efficiency walking-beam furnace, and a control system consisting of an industrial microcomputer and a PLC is used to achieve automatic combustion according to set parameters.
4. The production process of the bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the finish forging temperature is 850-900 ℃; the total forging ratio is 8-10.
5. The process for producing a bearing steel having both high strength and high plasticity according to claim 2, wherein in the step (3), the temperature increase rate of the first-stage heat treatment is 15 to 20 ℃/min.
6. The production process of the bearing steel with both high strength and high plasticity according to claim 2, wherein in the step (3), the temperature rise rate of the austenitizing stage is 10-15 ℃/min, and the temperature is heated to 780-880 ℃; then the cooling rate in the furnace is controlled to be 3-5 ℃/min, so that the sample is cooled to 690-720 ℃ in the furnace.
7. The production process of the bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (4), the quenching treatment is carried out, and the temperature of the forge piece entering the furnace is controlled to be 120-180 ℃.
8. The production process of the bearing steel with high strength and high plasticity as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the step (4), the tempering treatment is carried out, and the temperature of the forge piece entering the furnace is controlled to be 200-250 ℃.
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