CN115323181A - Method for recovering vanadium from calcified vanadium extraction tailings - Google Patents
Method for recovering vanadium from calcified vanadium extraction tailings Download PDFInfo
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- CN115323181A CN115323181A CN202211121765.1A CN202211121765A CN115323181A CN 115323181 A CN115323181 A CN 115323181A CN 202211121765 A CN202211121765 A CN 202211121765A CN 115323181 A CN115323181 A CN 115323181A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/007—Wet processes by acid leaching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/20—Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium
- C22B34/22—Obtaining vanadium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for recovering vanadium from calcification vanadium extraction tailings, belonging to the technical field of metallurgy. The method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: pulping the calcified vanadium extraction tailings; step two: adding calcium oxide into the slurry prepared in the step one, adjusting the pH value to 10-13, and reacting for 5-15 min; step three: and (3) adding sulfuric acid into the system obtained in the step two, adjusting the pH value to 0.5-2.5, carrying out secondary leaching, reacting for 10-30 min, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a vanadium-containing solution and secondary leaching tailings with low vanadium content. The invention adopts the tailings generated by the calcification roasting-sulfuric acid leaching process as raw materials, utilizes calcium oxide to convert vanadium pentoxide which can not be dissolved by acid and polyvanadate which is generated by hydrolysis vanadium precipitation and can not be dissolved in acid into calcium vanadate which can be dissolved in acid, and then can be leached by acid, and has the characteristics of high vanadium recovery rate, low cost, simple operation, less increase of slag quantity and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and particularly relates to a method for recovering vanadium from calcification vanadium extraction tailings.
Background
Vanadium is mainly applied to the field of steel and iron, and the performance of steel is obviously improved. At present, two processes of calcification roasting, sulfuric acid leaching, ammonium salt vanadium precipitation and sodium salt roasting, water leaching and ammonium salt vanadium precipitation are mainly adopted for vanadium extraction. The vanadium slag generates acid leaching filter residue through a calcification roasting-acid leaching process, the vanadium extraction tailings generated in the vanadium industry of China each year exceed 120 ten thousand tons, and the vanadium content is 1.4-1.7%, and the vanadium content is high, so that the method belongs to serious resource waste. Therefore, a new process needs to be developed to reduce the content of TV (total vanadium) in the tailings, and at present, many patent documents research methods for reducing the content of vanadium in the tailings, and most of the methods include reducing the pH value and roasting the tailings with calcium again.
For example, patent document CN114410988a discloses a method for deep vanadium extraction by using vanadium extraction tailings, which specifically includes: grinding vanadium extraction tailings, adding a carbonaceous reducing agent and a sodium salt additive, reacting at 600-750 ℃ for 1-5 h, leaching after the reaction is finished, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a vanadium-containing solution; the method realizes the deep vanadium extraction of the vanadium extraction tailings at 600-750 ℃, recycles valuable elements in the vanadium extraction tailings, wherein the obtained leaching slag can be directly used for blast furnace ore matching iron making, the obtained vanadium-containing solution can be used for vanadium crystallization, and meanwhile, the process equipment is simple and easy to operate, the whole process flow is in closed cycle, is clean and environment-friendly, and has good economic benefit and application prospect. For another example, patent document CN112981122B discloses a method for recovering sodium and vanadium from sodium-modified vanadium extraction tailings, which comprises: (1) Mixing a mixed solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium vanadate with tailings of sodium salt roasting vanadium extraction to leach vanadium pentoxide in the vanadium extraction tailings to obtain a leaching solution and leaching residues; (2) Mixing the leached residues, hydrated lime and clear water or alkali liquor, and removing alkali in the leached residues under the condition of pressurization to obtain dealkalized residues and dealkalized liquor with sodium hydroxide as a main component; (3) returning the dealkalized slag to a blast furnace sintering system; (4) The method realizes the comprehensive recovery of sodium and vanadium in the vanadium extraction tailings, the sodium content in the obtained dealkalized slag also meets the requirement of steel smelting, and the obtained dealkalized slag can be directly used as a smelting raw material, thereby realizing the effective utilization of multiple components in the vanadium extraction tailings. For another example, patent document CN109355515B provides a method for extracting vanadium from calcified vanadium extraction tailings, which includes the following steps: the method comprises the steps of roasting calcified vanadium extraction tailings to obtain roasted clinker, carrying out acid leaching, collecting leachate, adding an impurity removing agent, carrying out solid-liquid separation, collecting liquid phase substances, precipitating vanadium, and calcining to obtain vanadium pentoxide. For another example, patent document CN109182760B discloses a method for recovering vanadium from calcification vanadium extraction tailings, which includes: controlling the water content of the calcified vanadium extraction tailings to be 30-35 wt%, and drying and crushing to obtain a material A; supplementing limestone to the material A, controlling the calcium-vanadium ratio of the system to be 0.3-0.8, uniformly mixing, roasting, and cooling to obtain a roasted material; the method comprises the steps of carrying out secondary roasting and leaching on the tailings obtained by carrying out primary calcification roasting on the vanadium extraction tailings, further extracting vanadium-containing components in the tailings, realizing full recycling of vanadium in the vanadium slag, and achieving a transleaching rate of over 60 percent, thereby avoiding resource waste. For another example, patent document CN109338103B discloses a method for countercurrent acid leaching of vanadium from calcified roasted clinker, which comprises the following steps: a. mixing the clinker with the first-stage filtrate or/and the second-stage leachate, adding sulfuric acid for leaching, controlling the pH of a first-stage leaching process system to be 2.8-3.5, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a first-stage leachate and a solid; washing to obtain first-stage filtrate and solid; b. leaching the solid by using third-stage leachate or/and third-stage filtrate, controlling the pH of a second-stage leaching end-point system to be 1.8-3.5, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain second-stage leachate and solid; c. leaching the solid, controlling the pH value of a third-stage leaching end-point system to be 1.4-2.2, and performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a third-stage leaching liquid and a solid; washing to obtain a third-stage filtrate and vanadium extraction tailings, and the method has the advantages of high vanadium extraction rate and low cost.
The vanadium content in the tailings is reduced by reducing the pH value or roasting the tailings again in the prior art, however, the water content in the calcified vanadium extraction tailings is high, the mixed roasting difficulty is high, the TV content in the tailings is relatively low, and the vanadium extraction is difficult, so that the vanadium recovery rate is not high overall but the cost is not low, the operation is complex, and the slag amount is increased.
In view of this, the prior art is in need of improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides the method for recovering vanadium from the calcified vanadium extraction tailings, which has the advantages of high vanadium recovery rate, low cost, no need of re-roasting to extract vanadium and less increase of slag quantity.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
according to the invention, the method for recovering vanadium from calcification vanadium extraction tailings comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: pulping the calcified vanadium extraction tailings; step two: adding calcium oxide into the slurry prepared in the step one, adjusting the pH value to 10-13, and reacting for 5-15 min; step three: and (3) adding sulfuric acid into the system obtained in the step two, adjusting the pH value to 0.5-2.5, carrying out secondary leaching, reacting for 10-30 min, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a vanadium-containing solution and secondary leaching tailings with low vanadium content.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the first step, the pulping liquid-solid ratio is 1-2.0 ml.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the step one, the water content of the calcified vanadium extraction tailings is 30-50%.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the step one, when the pulping liquid-solid ratio is calculated, the water content of the calcified vanadium extraction tailings is calculated.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the first step, the beating temperature is 10-60 ℃.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in the second step, the addition amount of the calcium oxide is 1.5-4.5% of the mass of the calcified vanadium extraction tailings.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in step three, 25% to 50% volume fraction of sulfuric acid is used.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in the third step, the secondary leaching temperature is 10-60 ℃.
According to one embodiment of the invention, in step three, after solid-liquid separation, the secondary leach tailings are washed.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the secondary leach tailings are washed with fresh or recycled water
According to one embodiment of the invention, when the secondary leaching tailings are washed, the washing water amount is controlled according to 1-2.0 ml of liquid-solid ratio, and the washing water returns to the first step for pulping.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention adopts tailings generated by a calcification roasting-sulfuric acid leaching process as a raw material, pulping the tailings at a certain temperature according to a certain liquid-solid ratio, and regulating the pH value by adopting calcium oxide, so that vanadium pentoxide which cannot be dissolved by acid and polyvanadate which is generated by hydrolyzing and precipitating vanadium and cannot be dissolved in acid in primary acid leaching slag can be converted into calcium vanadate which can be dissolved in acid through calcium oxide, and then the calcium vanadate can be leached by acid.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in the present specification; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. In the following description, various operating parameters and components are described in various embodiments as contemplated. These specific parameters and components are used in this specification as examples only and are not meant to be limiting.
The invention provides a method for recovering vanadium from calcification vanadium extraction tailings, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pulping the calcified vanadium extraction tailings; step two: adding calcium oxide into the slurry prepared in the first step, adjusting the pH value to 10-13, and reacting for 5-15 min; step three: and (3) adding sulfuric acid into the system obtained in the step two, adjusting the pH value to 0.5-2.5, carrying out secondary leaching, reacting for 10-30 min, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a vanadium-containing solution and secondary leaching tailings with low vanadium content.
The calcified vanadium extraction tailings mentioned in the first step are acid leaching filter residues generated by a calcified roasting-acidic leaching process of a vanadium-containing raw material, and are also called primary acid leaching residues in the following. The pH value of the slurry is about 4-6 after the calcified vanadium extraction tailings are pulped. The TV content in the calcified vanadium extraction tailings is 1.4 to 1.7 percent.
The mechanism of adding calcium oxide in the step two is as follows: the primary acid leaching slag contains vanadium pentoxide which can not be dissolved by acid, the vanadium pentoxide can not be dissolved by acid, the calcium oxide is used for converting the vanadium pentoxide in the primary acid leaching slag into calcium vanadate, and then the calcium vanadate can be leached by acid. The possibility of hydrolyzing and precipitating vanadium exists in the primary leaching process, and vanadium generated by hydrolyzing and precipitating vanadium can not be dissolved in acid and can be remained in primary acid leaching residue, so that polyvanadate generated by hydrolyzing and precipitating vanadium can be converted into calcium vanadate dissolved in acid through calcium oxide. In order to convert vanadium pentoxide and polyvanadate in primary acid leaching slag into substances dissolved in acid, prevent other impurities from being introduced, control cost and select calcium oxide. The advantage of adding calcium oxide is that the primary acid leaching slag can reduce the total vanadium to about 0.3 percent without high-temperature roasting, and the excessive slag quantity can not be increased.
In the third step, sulfuric acid is added to extract the vanadium which is not extracted in the primary leaching, and the sulfuric acid is added to adjust the pH value to 0.5-2.5 to reduce the pH value so as to extract the vanadium which is not extracted in the primary leaching.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the first step, the pulping liquid-solid ratio is 1 to 2.0 ml. Namely, the ratio of the volume (in ml) of the liquid (usually water) added in pulping to the mass (in g) of the calcified vanadium extraction tailings is 1-2.0. Preferably, the water content of the calcified vanadium extraction tailings is 30-50%, and when the pulping liquid-solid ratio is calculated, the water content of the calcified vanadium extraction tailings is calculated in a liquid added for pulping.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step one, the beating temperature is 10 to 60 ℃. For example, the values are 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃, 40 ℃, 45 ℃, 50 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃ and the like, but are not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are also applicable.
In some embodiments of the invention, in the second step, the addition amount of calcium oxide is 1.5-4.5% of the mass (wet slag) of the calcified vanadium extraction tailings. For example, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, etc., but are not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the numerical range are also applicable.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step three, a second leach is performed using 25% to 50% volume fraction sulfuric acid. For example, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, etc., but are not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited within the numerical range are also applicable.
In some embodiments of the invention, the secondary leaching temperature in step three is 10 to 60 ℃. For example, 10 ℃, 15 ℃, 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃, 40 ℃, 45 ℃, 50 ℃, 55 ℃, 60 ℃ and the like, but are not limited to the recited values, and other values not recited in the numerical range are also applicable.
In some embodiments of the invention, in step three, after solid-liquid separation, the secondary leach tailings are washed. The secondary leach tailings can be washed with fresh or recycled water. The new water is tap water and water which has not been used industrially, and the reuse water is water which participates in the reaction in the process flow and can meet the process requirements after being treated by certain means. Preferably, the reuse water used in the present invention may be waste water produced in the calcium process by treatment of water used in the process. When the secondary leaching tailings are washed, the washing water amount is controlled according to 1g to 1.0 ml of liquid-solid ratio, and the washing water can be returned to the first pulping step. The washing water amount is controlled according to 1-2.0 ml of liquid-solid ratio, namely the ratio of the volume (in ml) of the added water to the mass (in g) of the secondary leaching tailings is 1-2.0.
The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
Pulping 100g of tailings (with the water content of 30 percent and TV-1.4 percent) at the temperature of 10 ℃ according to the liquid-solid ratio of 1:1 (the water content of the calcified vanadium extraction tailings is calculated); adding calcium oxide accounting for 1.5 percent of the mass of the tailings (wet slag), adjusting the pH value to 10.2, reacting for 5min, and adding 25 percent of sulfuric acid by volume at the temperature of 10 ℃ to adjust the pH value to 0.5; after reacting for 10min, performing solid-liquid separation to obtain a vanadium-containing solution and secondary leaching tailings with low vanadium content, washing the secondary leaching tailings once (washing water can be clear water or recycled water), controlling the washing water amount according to the liquid-solid ratio 1:1, and returning the washing water to the pulping step. The secondary leach tailing TV was 0.345%.
Example 2
Pulping 200g of tailings (with the water content of 30 percent and TV-1.6 percent) at the temperature of 30 ℃ according to the liquid-solid ratio of 1.5; adding calcium oxide 2.5% of the tailings (wet slag), adjusting the pH value to 12, reacting for 10min, and adding 35% volume fraction of sulfuric acid at 30 ℃ to adjust the pH value to 1.0; after the reaction is carried out for 20min, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a vanadium-containing solution and secondary leaching tailings with low vanadium content, washing the secondary leaching tailings once (washing water can be clear water or reuse water), controlling the washing water amount according to a liquid-solid ratio of 1.25, and returning the washing water to the pulping step. The secondary leach tailing TV was 0.542%.
Example 3
Pulping 300g of tailings (with the water content of 30 percent and TV-1.7 percent) at the temperature of 60 ℃ according to the liquid-solid ratio of 2:1 (the water content of the calcified vanadium extraction tailings is calculated inside); adding calcium oxide accounting for 4.5 percent of the mass of the tailings (wet slag), adjusting the pH value to 13.1, reacting for 15min, and adding 50 percent of sulfuric acid in volume fraction at the temperature of 60 ℃ to adjust the pH value to 2.5; after reacting for 30min, carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a vanadium-containing solution and secondary leaching tailings with low vanadium content, washing the secondary leaching tailings once (washing water can be clear water or recycled water), controlling the washing water amount according to the liquid-solid ratio 2:1, and returning the washing water to the pulping step. The secondary leaching tailings TV was 0.757%.
Based on the above embodiments, it can be seen that: by the method, the content of TV in the primary acid leaching residue can be reduced from 1.4-1.7% to 0.3-0.7%, so that the resource waste is reduced.
Claims (10)
1. A method for recovering vanadium from calcification vanadium extraction tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pulping the calcified vanadium extraction tailings;
step two: adding calcium oxide into the slurry prepared in the step one, adjusting the pH value to 10-13, and reacting for 5-15 min;
step three: and (3) adding sulfuric acid into the system obtained in the step two, adjusting the pH value to 0.5-2.5, carrying out secondary leaching, reacting for 10-30 min, and carrying out solid-liquid separation to obtain a vanadium-containing solution and secondary leaching tailings with low vanadium content.
2. The method for recovering vanadium from the calcification vanadium extraction tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the first step, the pulping liquid-solid ratio is 1-2.0 ml.
3. The method for recovering vanadium from the calcification vanadium extraction tailings as claimed in claim 2, wherein in the first step, the moisture content of the calcification vanadium extraction tailings is 30% -50%, and when the pulping liquid-solid ratio is calculated, the moisture content of the calcification vanadium extraction tailings is counted in.
4. The method for recovering vanadium from the calcification vanadium extraction tailings as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the first step, the beating temperature is 10-60 ℃.
5. The method for recovering vanadium from the calcification vanadium extraction tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the second step, the addition amount of calcium oxide is 1.5-4.5% of the mass of the calcification vanadium extraction tailings.
6. The method for recovering vanadium from the calcification vanadium extraction tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, 25-50% volume fraction of sulfuric acid is used.
7. The method for recovering vanadium from calcification vanadium extraction tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, the secondary leaching temperature is 10-60 ℃.
8. The method for recovering vanadium from the calcification vanadium extraction tailings as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the third step, after solid-liquid separation, the secondary leaching tailings are washed.
9. The method for recovering vanadium from calcification vanadium extraction tailings as claimed in claim 8, wherein the secondary leaching tailings are washed with fresh water or recycled water.
10. The method for recovering vanadium from the calcification vanadium extraction tailings as claimed in claim 8, wherein when the secondary leaching tailings are washed, the amount of washing water is controlled according to 1g to 1.0 ml of liquid-solid ratio, and the washing water is returned to the first pulping step.
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