CN115321541A - MoSi 2 @ Nb core-shell structure material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses MoSi 2 The @ Nb core-shell structure material and the preparation method thereof comprise the following steps: s1, mixing SDS and MoSi 2 Mixing with water, and mechanically stirring to obtain a first suspension; s2, mixing CTAB, nb and water, and mechanically stirring to obtain a second suspension; s3, mixing the first suspension and the second suspension, and mechanically stirring to obtain a third suspension; s4, carrying out suction filtration, drying, calcining, washing, suction filtration and drying on the third suspension, mixing the obtained powder with SDS and water, and mechanically stirring to obtain a fourth suspension; s5, carrying out suction filtration on the fourth suspension, drying, calcining, washing, suction filtration and drying, mixing the obtained powder with CTAB and water, and mechanically stirring to obtain a fifth suspension; and S6, drying the fifth suspension, calcining, washing, filtering, drying and sieving to obtain the catalyst. The invention constructs a stable core-shell systemAnd a solid foundation is laid for improving the performance of the material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of preparation of high-performance ceramic matrix composite materials, in particular to MoSi 2 A @ Nb core-shell structure material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
MoSi 2 Has the advantages of higher melting point (2303K), high strength, good thermal conductivity and the like, and is a candidate material of a next-generation high-temperature material. In particular, it is considered to be a promising high temperature coating for aerospace, nuclear industry, metallurgy and electronics. MoSi 2 The low-temperature brittleness is large (BDTT is 900-1000 ℃), the high-temperature strength above 1300 ℃ is insufficient, and especially the creep resistance is low. And about 400-600 ℃ of MoSi 2 Accelerated oxidation occurs and eventually changes from a dense body to a powder, a phenomenon known as Pest. These disadvantages limit MoSi 2 As an application for high temperature structures. Thus, room temperature toughening and high temperature reinforcement, and suppression of MoS from Low temperature Pest i2 There is a need for a key problem to be solved.
The core-shell type nano-particle is a composite multinomial structure formed by using a particle formed by a micron to nano film as a core and coating a plurality of layers of uniform nano films on the surface of the particle, and the core and the shell are mutually connected through physical or chemical action. The chemical inertness of the cladding layer in the core-shell composite material can improve the stability of the nano particles, so that the core-shell structure material has more excellent physical and chemical properties than the single-center particle, and has wide application prospect.
Chinese patent document CN112079640A discloses MoSi 2 @ZrO 2 Method for preparing core-shell structure from MoSi 2 As a matrix, by adding ZrOCl 2 ·8H 2 O in the hydrothermal synthesis process, zrO is synthesized 2 Further coating MoSi 2 . Elimination of MoSi during sintering 2 ZrO2 is generated through hydrothermal reaction under the harm of low-temperature oxidation, so that MoSi is obtained 2 @ZrO 2 A core-shell structure.
The hydrothermal method being the preparation of ZrO 2 An important method of powder is characterized by that its preparation process is under the condition of high temp. and high pressureThe method is completed in one step without the need of later crystallization treatment, and the obtained powder has narrow particle size distribution and pure components.
However, this hydrothermal preparation is not suitable for the present invention.
This patent document CN112079640A is a prior application of the applicant.
Through further search, journal literature "mechanical alloying-pulse discharge sintering MoSi 2 In the study on microstructure and mechanical properties of the/Nb composite material (the author: houpequan; (molybdenum industry in China): vol.26, no. 2, 4 months 2002), the Nb-added MoSi is described 2 The composite material has greatly improved MoSi 2 In particular fracture toughness. However, at present, the effect of adding refractory metals such as Nb and W is not very desirable because they are compatible with MoSi 2 The matrix has strong reaction and has the bad conditions of reducing the oxidation resistance and increasing the density. Further, nb reinforced MoSi 2 The composite material also reduces its strength at room temperature and high temperature. The research aims at preparing MoSi containing fine grain size by a mechanical alloying method 2 Powder and MoSi 2 -Nb composite powders and sintering these powders by pulse discharge to enable consolidation at sintering temperatures lower than those used in common hot pressing or hot isostatic pressing processing applications to maintain the fine structure of the consolidated powder compact.
Which is MoSi of mechanical alloying-pulse discharge sintering 2 -a Nb composite; the research adopts pure element mixed powder and a mechanical alloying method to prepare MoSi 2 And MoSi 2 -a Nb alloy material. This method of processing has the advantage of producing a compound of uniform fine particles, since it produces a solid state synthesis reaction. The fine grain size of the synthetic powder is maintained by consolidating the synthetic powder by a pulse discharge sintering process.
MoSi prepared by the journal literature 2 the-Nb composite powder is not a core-shell structure. The preparation method thereof is not applicable to the present invention. The invention is also difficult to obtain by combining the journal literature with the hydrothermal method of patent literature CN 112079640A.
The inventors have worked inventively to obtain the present invention.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a MoSi to solve the above problems 2 @ Nb core-shell structure material, preparation method thereof and prepared MoSi 2 The @ Nb core-shell structure material constructs a stable core-shell system, and lays a solid foundation for improving the mechanical property and other specific properties of the material.
The adopted technical scheme is as follows:
MoSi 2 The preparation method of the @ Nb core-shell structure material comprises the following steps:
s1, adopting an anionic surfactant SDS as a dispersing agent, using water as a dispersing medium, and mixing the SDS and the MoSi 2 Mixing with water, mechanically stirring, and ultrasonically dispersing to obtain a first suspension;
s2, mixing CTAB, nb and water by using a cationic surfactant CTAB as a dispersing agent and water as a dispersing medium, mechanically stirring, and ultrasonically dispersing to form a second suspension;
s3, mixing the first suspension and the second suspension, mechanically stirring, and ultrasonically dispersing to form a third suspension;
s4, carrying out suction filtration, drying, calcining, washing, suction filtration and drying on the third suspension, mixing the obtained powder with SDS and water, mechanically stirring, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a fourth suspension;
s5, carrying out suction filtration, drying, calcining, washing, suction filtration and drying on the fourth suspension, mixing the obtained powder with CTAB and water, mechanically stirring, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a fifth suspension;
s6, drying the fifth suspension, calcining, washing, filtering, drying and sieving to obtain MoSi 2 @ Nb core-shell structure material.
Wherein the anionic surfactant SDS is sodium dodecyl sulfate, and the cationic surfactant CTAB is hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide.
Further, in S1, SDS is 2-3mmol/L, moSi 2 4-6g of water and 120-140mL of water.
Furthermore, in S1, CTAB is 2-3mmol/L, nb is 0.5-1.5g, and water is 30-60mL.
Further, in S2, an acidic solution is added dropwise to adjust the pH of the second suspension to 2 to 6.
Further, the acidic solution is diluted hydrochloric acid or diluted bromic acid.
Further, the calcination in S4-S6 is carried out in a medium-temperature atmosphere tube furnace, the heating rate is 3-10 ℃/min, the heat preservation calcination temperature is 150-220 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-3h, and the calcination atmosphere is argon atmosphere or nitrogen atmosphere.
Further, the heat preservation and calcination temperature is 200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
Furthermore, the washing and suction filtration in S4-S6 are carried out after washing with distilled water and alcohol.
Further, in S6, the MoSi is obtained after 200-mesh sieving 2 A material with a @ Nb core-shell structure.
MoSi of the invention 2 The material with the @ Nb core-shell structure is prepared by the preparation method in the scheme.
In the technical scheme, the MoSi is prepared by adopting a static layer-by-layer adsorption self-assembly method 2 A material with a @ Nb core-shell structure. The electrostatic layer-by-layer adsorption self-assembly method has the advantages that a composite multilayer structure can be synthesized by coating for multiple times, the opportunity of controlling the physical properties of the shell and manufacturing core-shell particles with customized properties and sizes is provided, and the technical difficulty is that the electrostatic adsorption force is very weak (hydrogen bonds, van der waals bonds and other non-covalent bonds are very weak), so that a stable core-shell system can be constructed by the synergistic effect only if enough non-covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds exist.
Prepared MoSi 2 @ Nb core-shell structure material and MoSi 2 Taking Nb as a core, and taking Nb as a shell, coating layer by layer for many times, providing enough non-covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds for existence, and constructing a stable core-shell system through synergistic action to obtain a good core-shell structure.
Compared with other methods in the prior art, the method has the following outstanding advantages:
(1) Dispersing MoSi by adopting a mechanical stirring method 2 And Nb powder, avoiding powder agglomeration and obtaining a uniform suspension.
(2) The method of electrostatic layer-by-layer adsorption self-assembly is adopted, so that the method is simpler and more convenient, reduces the requirements of equipment and is environment-friendly.
(3) The shell layer thickness can be controlled by adopting a static layer-by-layer adsorption self-assembly method, and the control of physical properties and the design of specific performance can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows MoSi prepared in example 1 2 XRD pattern of @ Nb core-shell structure material.
FIG. 2 shows MoSi prepared in example 1 2 SEM image of @ Nb core-shell structure material.
FIG. 3 shows MoSi prepared in example 2 2 SEM image of @ Nb core-shell structure material.
FIG. 4 shows MoSi prepared in example 3 2 SEM image of @ Nb core-shell structure material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples, but the use and purpose of these exemplary embodiments are only to exemplify the present invention, and do not limit the actual scope of the present invention in any way, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
MoSi of the present example 2 The preparation method of the @ Nb core-shell structure material comprises the following steps of:
s1, ball-milled 4.5g of MoSi 2 Adding the powder and 2mmol/L SDS of dispersant into a beaker containing 135mL of distilled water, and carrying out mechanical ultrasonic stirring by using the distilled water as a dispersion medium; dispersing for 2h to prepare a first suspension for later use;
s2, adding 0.5g of Nb powder and 3mmol/L of dispersing agent CTAB into a beaker containing 30mL of distilled water, carrying out ultrasonic stirring, dispersing for 2.5h, and preparing a second suspension, wherein the calculated Nb content is 10wt%;
and S3, mixing the first suspension and the second suspension, and continuing to ultrasonically stir for 1.5 hours until the first suspension and the second suspension are uniformly mixed to prepare a third suspension.
S4, carrying out suction filtration on the third suspension, drying, and calcining in a medium-temperature atmosphere tube furnace, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the heat preservation calcining temperature is 200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2h, and the calcining atmosphere is nitrogen atmosphere; washing with distilled water and alcohol, vacuum filtering, washing for three times, drying, mixing the obtained powder with SDS and distilled water, wherein the weight of the powder, the concentration of the SDS and the volume of the distilled water are mixed according to the step S1, such as mixing the obtained powder with 4.5g, SDS2mmol/L and 135mL of distilled water; mechanically stirring and ultrasonically dispersing into a fourth suspension;
s5, carrying out suction filtration on the fourth suspension, drying, calcining for 2h at 200 ℃, washing, carrying out suction filtration, drying, mixing the obtained powder with CTAB and distilled water, mechanically stirring, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a fifth suspension; wherein the step S2 is referred to for dosage and mixing ratio, and the step S4 is referred to for calcining, washing and suction filtering.
S6, drying the fifth suspension, calcining for 2h at 200 ℃, washing and filtering for 4 times by using distilled water and alcohol, drying, and sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain MoSi 2 @ Nb core-shell structure material.
The prepared MoSi 2 An XRD pattern of the @ Nb core-shell structure material is shown in a figure 1, and an SEM pattern is shown in a figure 2.
Example 2
MoSi of the present embodiment 2 The preparation method of the @ Nb core-shell structure material comprises the following steps of:
s1, ball-milled 4g of MoSi 2 Adding the powder and a dispersing agent 2mmol/L SDS into a beaker containing 120mL of distilled water, and carrying out mechanical ultrasonic stirring, wherein the distilled water is used as a dispersing medium; dispersing for 2h to prepare a first suspension for later use;
s2, adding 1g of Nb powder and 3mmol/L of dispersing agent CTAB into a beaker containing 60mL of distilled water, carrying out ultrasonic stirring, dispersing for 2.5 hours to prepare a second suspension, and calculating the Nb content to be 20wt%;
s3, mixing the first suspension and the second suspension, continuing to stir for 1.5 hours by ultrasound till the first suspension and the second suspension are uniformly mixed, and mixing in a water bath at 30 ℃ to prepare a third suspension.
S4, carrying out suction filtration on the third suspension, drying, and calcining in a medium-temperature atmosphere tube furnace, wherein the heating rate is 5 ℃/min, the heat preservation calcining temperature is 200 ℃, the heat preservation time is 2h, and the calcining atmosphere is nitrogen atmosphere; washing and filtering the mixture by using distilled water and alcohol, washing the mixture for three times, drying the washed mixture, mixing the obtained powder with SDS and distilled water according to the using amount and mixing ratio in the step S1, mechanically stirring the mixture, and ultrasonically dispersing the mixture into a fourth suspension;
s5, carrying out suction filtration on the fourth suspension, drying, calcining for 2h at 200 ℃, washing, carrying out suction filtration, drying, mixing the obtained powder with CTAB and distilled water, mechanically stirring, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a fifth suspension; wherein the step S2 is referred to for dosage and mixing ratio, and the step S4 is referred to for calcining, washing and suction filtering.
S6, drying the fifth suspension, calcining for 2h at 200 ℃, washing and filtering for 4 times by using distilled water and alcohol, drying, and sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain MoSi 2 A material with a @ Nb core-shell structure.
Prepared MoSi 2 SEM images of the @ Nb core-shell structure material are shown in FIG. 3.
Example 3
MoSi of the present example 2 The preparation method of the @ Nb core-shell structure material comprises the following steps:
s1, ball-milled 4g of MoSi 2 Adding the powder and 2mmol/L SDS of dispersant into a beaker containing 120mL of distilled water, and carrying out mechanical ultrasonic stirring by using the distilled water as a dispersion medium; dispersing for 2h to prepare a first suspension for later use;
s2, adding 1g of Nb powder and 3mmol/L of dispersing agent CTAB into a beaker containing 60mL of distilled water, carrying out ultrasonic stirring, dispersing for 2.5 hours to prepare a second suspension, adjusting the pH value of the second suspension to 5 by using dilute hydrochloric acid, and calculating the Nb content to be 20wt%;
and S3, mixing the first suspension and the second suspension, and continuing to ultrasonically stir for 1.5 hours until the first suspension and the second suspension are uniformly mixed to prepare a third suspension.
S4, carrying out suction filtration on the third suspension, drying, and calcining in a medium-temperature atmosphere tube furnace at the temperature rise rate of 5 ℃/min, the heat preservation calcining temperature of 200 ℃ for 2h, wherein the calcining atmosphere is nitrogen atmosphere; washing and filtering the mixture by using distilled water and alcohol, washing the mixture for three times, drying the washed mixture, mixing the obtained powder with SDS and distilled water according to the using amount and mixing ratio in the step S1, mechanically stirring the mixture, and ultrasonically dispersing the mixture into a fourth suspension;
s5, carrying out suction filtration on the fourth suspension, drying, calcining for 2h at 200 ℃, washing, carrying out suction filtration, drying, mixing the obtained powder with CTAB and distilled water, mechanically stirring, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a fifth suspension; wherein the dosage mixing ratio refers to the step S2, and the calcining, washing and suction filtering steps refer to the step S4.
S6, drying the fifth suspension, calcining for 2h at 200 ℃, washing and filtering for 4 times by using distilled water and alcohol, drying, and sieving by using a 200-mesh sieve to obtain MoSi 2 A material with a @ Nb core-shell structure.
Prepared MoSi 2 The SEM image of the @ Nb core-shell structure material is shown in FIG. 4.
The above-listed detailed description is only a specific description of possible embodiments of the present invention, and they are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and equivalent embodiments or modifications made without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. MoSi 2 The preparation method of the @ Nb core-shell structure material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, adopting an anionic surfactant SDS as a dispersing agent, using water as a dispersing medium, and mixing the SDS and the MoSi 2 Mixing with water, mechanically stirring, and ultrasonically dispersing to obtain a first suspension;
s2, mixing CTAB, nb and water by using a cationic surfactant CTAB as a dispersing agent and water as a dispersing medium, mechanically stirring, and ultrasonically dispersing to form a second suspension;
s3, mixing the first suspension and the second suspension, mechanically stirring, and ultrasonically dispersing to form a third suspension;
s4, carrying out suction filtration, drying, calcining, washing, suction filtration and drying on the third suspension, mixing the obtained powder with SDS and water, mechanically stirring, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a fourth suspension;
s5, carrying out suction filtration, drying, calcining, washing, suction filtration and drying on the fourth suspension, mixing the obtained powder with CTAB and water, mechanically stirring, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a fifth suspension;
S6drying the fifth suspension, calcining, washing, filtering, drying and sieving to obtain MoSi 2 A material with a @ Nb core-shell structure.
2. MoSi according to claim 1 2 The preparation method of the @ Nb core-shell structure material is characterized in that in S1, SDS is 2-3mmol/L, moSi 2 4-6g of water and 120-140mL of water.
3. MoSi according to claim 1 2 The preparation method of the @ Nb core-shell structure material is characterized in that in S1, CTAB is 2-3mmol/L, nb is 0.5-1.5g, and water is 30-60mL.
4. MoSi according to claim 1 2 The preparation method of the @ Nb core-shell structure material is characterized in that an acidic solution is dripped into S2, and the pH of the second suspension is adjusted to be 2-6.
5. MoSi according to claim 4 2 The preparation method of the @ Nb core-shell structure material is characterized in that the acidic solution is dilute hydrochloric acid or dilute bromic acid.
6. MoSi according to claim 1 2 The preparation method of the @ Nb core-shell structure material is characterized in that calcination in S4-S6 is carried out in a medium-temperature atmosphere tubular furnace, the heating rate is 3-10 ℃/min, the heat preservation calcination temperature is 150-220 ℃, the heat preservation time is 1-3h, and the calcination atmosphere is argon atmosphere or nitrogen atmosphere.
7. MoSi according to claim 6 2 The preparation method of the @ Nb core-shell structure material is characterized in that the heat preservation calcination temperature is 200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours.
8. MoSi according to claim 1 2 The preparation method of the @ Nb core-shell structure material is characterized in that washing and suction filtration in S4-S6 are all washing and suction filtration with distilled water and alcohol.
9. MoSi according to claim 1 2 The preparation method of the @ Nb core-shell structure material is characterized in that MoSi is obtained in S6 after 200-mesh sieving 2 @ Nb core-shell structure material.
10. MoSi 2 A @ Nb core-shell structure material produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
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