CN115320387B - Vehicle fuel cell membrane humidity prediction method and system based on multi-source information fusion - Google Patents

Vehicle fuel cell membrane humidity prediction method and system based on multi-source information fusion Download PDF

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CN115320387B
CN115320387B CN202211263752.8A CN202211263752A CN115320387B CN 115320387 B CN115320387 B CN 115320387B CN 202211263752 A CN202211263752 A CN 202211263752A CN 115320387 B CN115320387 B CN 115320387B
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fuel cell
characteristic
vehicle fuel
humidity
membrane
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CN115320387A (en
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李建威
闫崇浩
万鑫铭
鲍欢欢
毛占鑫
贾博文
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0053—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to fuel cells
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/30—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling fuel cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle fuel cell membrane humidity prediction method and system based on multi-source information fusion, and relates to the technical field of vehicle fuel cell parameter prediction, wherein the method comprises the following steps: determining an amplitude spectrum according to the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period; determining theoretical voltage drop of an anode inlet and an anode outlet according to the output current of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time; when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet is smaller than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet, predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time according to the amplitude spectrum, the second characteristic and the membrane dry fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell; and the second characteristic is the absolute value of the difference value between the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet and the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet, otherwise, the membrane humidity is predicted according to the amplitude spectrum, the second characteristic and the water flooding fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell. The invention can realize real-time quantitative prediction of the humidity of the internal membrane of the vehicle fuel cell, and improve the use safety and durability of the vehicle fuel cell.

Description

Vehicle fuel cell membrane humidity prediction method and system based on multi-source information fusion
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle fuel cell parameter prediction, in particular to a vehicle fuel cell membrane humidity prediction method and system based on multi-source information fusion.
Background
In the process of fuel cell automobile industrialization and popularization and use, the service life problem of the automobile fuel cell is a complex system problem related to materials, structures, auxiliary systems and control strategies. When the vehicle fuel cell runs, the internal humidity is a very important state parameter, and the performance of the vehicle fuel cell directly influences the transmission process of protons, so that the internal resistance changes, the output voltage, the current, the power and the like are greatly reduced, and the output characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell is seriously influenced; in severe cases, the proton exchange membrane module may also be damaged, leading to failure of the vehicle fuel cell.
The humidity of the vehicle fuel cell is monitored and predicted in real time, so that the operation performance of the vehicle fuel cell is certainly benefited, the safety and the reliability of the vehicle fuel cell are further improved in an auxiliary mode, and the service life of the vehicle fuel cell is finally prolonged. However, due to the sealed structure of the vehicle fuel cell itself, it is impossible to install a sensor inside; meanwhile, the existence of the sensor can change the structural characteristics of the vehicle fuel cell, and further directly influences the working performance of the vehicle fuel cell. Meanwhile, from the practical operation point of view, the average thickness of the proton exchange membrane of the vehicle fuel cell is generally 10-200 because the proton exchange membrane is very thinμmRange, and therefore sensor placement and installation, is also very difficult. Therefore, with the conventional means and method, it is difficult to directly obtain the internal humidity parameter or the state characteristic thereof of the fuel cell for a vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method and a system for predicting the membrane humidity of a vehicle fuel cell based on multi-source information fusion, which can realize real-time quantitative prediction of the internal membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell and improve the use safety and durability of the vehicle fuel cell.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for predicting membrane humidity of a vehicle fuel cell based on multi-source information fusion, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period; the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period at least comprises output voltage, output current and actual voltage drop of an anode inlet and an anode outlet;
determining a first characteristic of the fuel cell for the vehicle at the current time according to the output voltage of the fuel cell for the vehicle at the current time; the first characteristic is an amplitude spectrum;
determining the theoretical voltage drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time according to the output current of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time;
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period is smaller than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, calculating a second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, and predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and the membrane dry failure characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell; the second characteristic is a first absolute value; the first absolute value is the absolute value of the difference value between the theoretical voltage drop of the anode inlet and the outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and the actual voltage drop of the anode inlet and the outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period;
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period is larger than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, calculating a second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, and predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and a water flooding fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell;
the membrane dry failure characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the membrane dry failure characteristic and the first membrane humidity; the first film humidity is a relative film humidity of less than 100%; the dry film fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the first film humidity;
the water-logging fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the water-logging fault feature and the humidity of the second membrane; the second film humidity is a relative film humidity greater than 100%; the water flooding fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the humidity of the second membrane.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a system for predicting membrane humidity of a vehicle fuel cell based on multi-source information fusion, comprising:
the state information acquisition module is used for acquiring the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period; the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period at least comprises output voltage, output current and actual voltage drop of an anode inlet and an anode outlet;
the first characteristic calculation module is used for determining a first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period; the first characteristic is an amplitude spectrum;
the anode inlet and outlet theoretical voltage drop calculation module is used for determining the anode inlet and outlet theoretical voltage drop of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the output current of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period;
a membrane humidity prediction module to:
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period is smaller than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, calculating a second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, and predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and the membrane dry failure characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell; the second characteristic is a first absolute value; the first absolute value is the absolute value of the difference between the theoretical voltage drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and the actual voltage drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period;
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period is larger than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, calculating a second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, and predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and the water-logging fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell;
the membrane dry fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the membrane dry fault feature and first membrane humidity; the first film humidity is a relative film humidity of less than 100%; the dry film fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the first film humidity;
the water-logging fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the water-logging fault feature and the humidity of the second membrane; the second film humidity is a relative film humidity greater than 100%; the water flooding fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the humidity of the second membrane.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a vehicle fuel cell membrane humidity prediction method based on multi-source information fusion, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time; the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period at least comprises output voltage, output current and actual voltage drop of an anode inlet and an anode outlet;
predicting the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the next time period according to the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period and a machine learning algorithm;
determining a first characteristic of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period according to the output voltage of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period; the first characteristic is an amplitude spectrum;
determining the theoretical voltage drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle at the next period according to the output current of the fuel cell for the vehicle at the next period;
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period is smaller than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period, calculating a second characteristic of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period, and predicting the membrane humidity of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period according to the first characteristic of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period, the second characteristic of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period and a membrane dry fault characteristic space of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period; the second characteristic is a first absolute value; the first absolute value is the absolute value of the difference value between the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period and the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period;
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time is larger than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time, calculating a second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, and predicting the membrane humidity of the fuel cell for the next period of time according to the first characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, the second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time and the water flooding fault feature space of the fuel cell for the vehicle;
the membrane dry failure characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the membrane dry failure characteristic and the first membrane humidity; the first film humidity is a relative film humidity of less than 100%; the dry film fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the first film humidity;
the water-logging fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the water-logging fault feature and the humidity of the second membrane; the second film humidity is a relative film humidity greater than 100%; the water flooding fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the humidity of the second membrane.
In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a system for predicting membrane humidity of a vehicle fuel cell based on multi-source information fusion, comprising:
the state information acquisition module is used for acquiring the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period; the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period at least comprises output voltage, output current and actual voltage drop of an anode inlet and an anode outlet;
the state information prediction module is used for predicting the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the next time period according to the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period and a machine learning algorithm;
a first characteristic calculation module for determining a first characteristic of the fuel cell for the vehicle at the next period based on an output voltage of the fuel cell for the vehicle at the next period; the first characteristic is an amplitude spectrum;
the anode inlet and outlet theoretical voltage drop calculation module is used for determining the anode inlet and outlet theoretical voltage drop of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period according to the output current of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period;
a membrane humidity prediction module to:
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time is smaller than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time, calculating a second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, and predicting the membrane humidity of the fuel cell for the next period of time according to the first characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, the second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time and the membrane dry failure characteristic space of the fuel cell for the vehicle; the second characteristic is a first absolute value; the first absolute value is the absolute value of the difference between the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period and the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period;
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time is larger than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time, calculating a second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, and predicting the membrane humidity of the fuel cell for the next period of time according to the first characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, the second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time and the water flooding fault feature space of the fuel cell for the vehicle;
the membrane dry failure characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the membrane dry failure characteristic and the first membrane humidity; the first film humidity is a relative film humidity of less than 100%; the dry film fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the first film humidity;
the water-logging fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the water-logging fault feature and the humidity of the second membrane; the second film humidity is a relative film humidity greater than 100%; the water flooding fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the humidity of the second membrane.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the invention, the invention discloses the following technical effects:
research shows that the change of the humidity inside the vehicle fuel cell can be reflected by the output voltage characteristic and the anode inlet and outlet voltage drop of the vehicle fuel cell to a certain extent. In view of this, the invention provides a method and a system for predicting membrane humidity of a vehicle fuel cell based on multi-source information fusion, which aim to acquire real-time dynamic data information of stack operation by performing online measurement on output voltage and anode inlet-outlet voltage drop of the vehicle fuel cell, input the data information into a vehicle fuel cell water-flooded fault characteristic space and a vehicle fuel cell membrane dry fault characteristic space constructed by an information fusion technology after data preprocessing, predict membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell, realize real-time quantitative prediction of internal membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell, and improve use safety and durability of the vehicle fuel cell.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for predicting membrane humidity of a vehicle fuel cell based on multi-source information fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for constructing a membrane dry fault feature space and a water-flooded fault feature space of a vehicle fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the output voltage of the fuel cell for vehicle under the NEDC condition according to the embodiment of the present inventionV 25 And the output voltageV 100 A comparative drawing and a partially enlarged drawing; FIG. 3 a) is a comparative diagram; b) in FIG. 3 is an enlarged view;
FIG. 4 shows the output voltages of the present inventionV 25 And an output voltageV 100 A map of the absolute value of the difference with the vehicle speed;
FIG. 5 shows an output voltage according to an embodiment of the present inventionV 25 And the output voltageV 100 A second derivative graph of the absolute value of the difference and a local enlarged view of the acceleration section; in FIG. 5 a) is a graph of second derivative; b) in fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of the acceleration section;
FIG. 6 shows an output voltage according to an embodiment of the present inventionV 25 And the output voltageV 100 The second derivative of the absolute value of the difference value is transferred to a frequency domain, and then an amplitude spectrogram is extracted;
FIG. 7 is a graph of anode drop for a vehicle fuel cell with different membrane humidity failures in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the present inventionAS i AndD piΔ a scatter diagram is established for the coordinate axis;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a membrane stem failure feature space of a vehicular fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a water-flooding fault feature space of a vehicle fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of a construction process of a feature space vector of a membrane stem fault of a vehicle fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating a construction process of a feature space vector of a water-flooding fault of a vehicle fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of a quantized prediction strategy for a vehicle fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a vehicular fuel cell membrane humidity prediction system based on multi-source information fusion according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a flowchart of a fuel cell membrane humidification prediction and early warning method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description thereof.
Example one
For example, the humidity failure of the membrane of the fuel cell for a vehicle may be reflected in multi-source information, which may result in a decrease in output pressure of the fuel cell for a vehicle, an increase in cathode-anode voltage drop, and the like. In order to improve the accuracy and stability of the humidity fault prediction of the membrane of the vehicle fuel cell, the embodiment adopts an information fusion technology to gather multi-aspect information, and considers the electrical quantity of the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell and the non-electrical quantity of the anode voltage drop together for the measurement prediction of the membrane humidity.
As shown in fig. 1, the method for predicting humidity of a vehicle fuel cell membrane based on multi-source information fusion according to this embodiment includes the following steps.
Step 100: acquiring the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time; the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period at least comprises output voltage, output current and actual voltage drop of an anode inlet and an anode outlet.
Step 200: determining a first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period; the first feature is an amplitude spectrum.
Step 300: and determining the theoretical voltage drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time according to the output current of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time.
Step 400: when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period is smaller than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, calculating a second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, and predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and the membrane dry failure characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell; the second characteristic is a first absolute value; the first absolute value is an absolute value of a difference value between the theoretical voltage drop of the anode inlet and the theoretical voltage drop of the anode of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and the actual voltage drop of the anode inlet and the anode of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period.
Step 500: when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period is larger than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, calculating the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, and predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and the water flooding fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell.
The membrane dry failure characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the membrane dry failure characteristic and the first membrane humidity; the first film humidity is a relative film humidity of less than 100%; the dry film failure characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the first film humidity.
The water-logging fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the water-logging fault feature and the humidity of the second membrane; the second film humidity is a relative film humidity greater than 100%; the water flooding fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the humidity of the second membrane.
As a preferred embodiment of step 200, specifically, the method includes:
step 201: the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell in normal operation is acquired.
Step 202: calculating a second absolute value; the second absolute value is an absolute value of a difference between the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell at the present time period and the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell at the normal operation.
Step 203: determining an absolute value of an acceleration section according to the second absolute value; and the absolute value of the acceleration section is a second absolute value under the working condition of the acceleration section.
Step 204: and calculating a second derivative of the absolute value of the acceleration section, and performing Fourier transform on the second derivative of the absolute value of the acceleration section to obtain a frequency domain signal.
Step 205: and extracting the amplitude spectrum of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the frequency domain signal.
In this embodiment, the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period further includes operating condition information; the operating condition information includes cathode flow channel width, cathode flow channel depth, cathode flow channel length, cathode flow channel number, anode inlet hydrogen pressure, anode inlet hydrogen saturation pressure, hydrogen stoichiometry number, and fuel cell operating temperature.
As a preferred implementation manner of step 300, specifically, the method includes:
and calculating the theoretical voltage drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the output current and the working condition information of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period.
Further, the method disclosed in this embodiment further includes: and constructing a membrane dry fault characteristic space and a water-flooded fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell.
The method for constructing the membrane dry fault characteristic space and the water-flooded fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell specifically comprises the following steps:
step (1): acquiring state information of the vehicle fuel cell in a history stage; the state information of the vehicle fuel cell in the historical stage comprises working condition information, output voltage, output current and actual voltage drop of an anode inlet and an anode outlet corresponding to different membrane humidities.
Step (2): and determining first characteristics corresponding to different membrane humidities according to the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell in the historical stage.
And (3): and determining the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet corresponding to different membrane humidities according to the output current and the working condition information of the vehicle fuel cell in the historical stage.
And (4): and determining second characteristics corresponding to different membrane humidities according to the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell and the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet in the historical stage.
And (5): determining first sample data and second sample data; the first sample data is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to different first membrane humidities; the second sample data are first characteristics and second characteristics corresponding to different second membrane humidities.
And (6): and constructing a membrane dry fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell according to the first sample data.
And (7): and constructing a water logging fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell according to the second sample data.
Wherein, the step (6) specifically comprises:
step 2): expressing the first characteristics and the second characteristics corresponding to different first film humidities in a coordinate mode to obtain different first film humidity coordinates; the abscissa of the first film humidity coordinate is a first characteristic; the ordinate of the first film humidity coordinate is a second characteristic;
step 3): carrying out averaging operation on a plurality of first membrane humidity coordinates corresponding to the same first membrane humidity to obtain average value coordinates corresponding to different first membrane humidities; wherein one of said first membrane humidities corresponds to one mean coordinate;
step 4): drawing different mean value coordinates in a two-dimensional coordinate system to obtain a membrane stem fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell; and in the direction of increasing the coordinate value of the X axis in the membrane dry fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell, the humidity of the first membrane corresponding to the mean coordinate is increased progressively.
Since the step (7) implementation process is similar to the step (6) implementation process, redundant description is omitted here.
The following describes a process for constructing a membrane dry failure feature space and a water-flooded failure feature space of a vehicle fuel cell by using a specific example.
One example is: as shown in fig. 2, the construction process of the membrane dry fault feature space and the water-flooded fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is as follows.
A first part: and (4) preprocessing multi-source information.
First, the New European Driving cycle (New European Driving C) of the fuel cell vehicle is obtainedOutput voltage of the vehicle fuel cell under the cyclic working condition of cycle (NEDC) of 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150%, 175% of relative membrane humidity respectively: (V i ) An output current (I i ) Actual anode inlet-outlet pressure drop (
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
) Whereini=25. 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and a signal acquisition time of 1180 seconds. Determining operating condition information of the vehicle fuel cell, e.g. cathode flow channel widthC w ) Depth of cathode water flow channelC d ) Length of cathode flow channelL) The number of cathode flow channelsn) Anode inlet hydrogen pressure (c)p in ) Anode inlet hydrogen saturation pressure: (p sat ) Stoichiometric amount of hydrogen gas (
Figure 207408DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
) And fuel cell operating temperature (T) Summarized in table 1 below.
TABLE 1 Multi-Source information data sheet
Figure 812832DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Secondly, the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell under different membrane humidity faults is lower than the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell under normal operation (as shown in fig. 3, the relative membrane humidity is 25% for example, other membrane humidity faults are similar), the absolute values of the difference values of the two are calculated (as shown in fig. 4), it can be known from fig. 4 that the fault output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell under acceleration condition with membrane humidity fault is obviously different from the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell under normal operation, therefore, the absolute value of the difference value of the two in acceleration section, namely the output voltage drop, is extracted, the second derivative (as shown in fig. 5) is calculated, then the second derivative of the output voltage drop is converted to the frequency domain by fourier transform (as shown in formula (1)), and the amplitude spectrum is extracted (as shown in fig. 6)) This is referred to AS an AS one of the extracted features. Respectively acquiring the characteristic data of the vehicle fuel cell with 3 types of membrane dry faults and 3 types of water flooding faults, namelyAS 25、 AS 50、 AS 75、 AS 125、 AS1 150、 AS 175 。
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,f(t)in the form of a time-domain signal,
Figure 825919DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
is a frequency-domain signal and is,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
in order to integrate the transform kernel,dti.e. to timetThe integration is carried out in such a way that,F[ ]representing a fourier transform.
A third step of measuring the output current (C) based on the measured output currentI i ) Width of cathode water flow channelC w ) Depth of cathode water flow channel: (C d ) Length of cathode flow channelL) And the number of cathode water flow channels: (n) Anode inlet hydrogen pressure (p in ) Anode inlet hydrogen saturation pressure: (p sat ) Stoichiometric amount of hydrogen gas (
Figure 101174DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
) And fuel cell operating temperature (T) And (3) waiting for signals, acquiring the theoretical voltage drop of the inlet and the outlet of the anode under the state:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
（273K≤T≤313K） （2）；
Figure 405903DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
（313K<T≤373K） （3）；
wherein the content of the first and second substances,i=25. 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175, and acquiring the actual anode inlet and outlet voltage drops of the vehicle fuel cell under different membrane humidity faults through signal acquisition
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
、
Figure 955964DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
、…
Figure 682611DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
(ii) a The actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell is higher than the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet under the flooding fault, and the pressure drop value is almost kept unchanged due to little water quantity under the membrane dry fault, so that the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet is smaller than the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet (as shown in fig. 7).
Calculating the absolute value of the difference value between the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet and the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet under different membrane humidities of the vehicle fuel cell, and taking the absolute value as the second extracted characteristic, namely: to represent
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
（4）；
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 594679DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
the absolute value of the difference value of the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet and the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet is represented;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
representing the actual pressure drop of the inlet and the outlet of the anode when the relative membrane humidity is i%;
Figure 508409DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
expressing the theoretical pressure of the inlet and the outlet of the anodeAnd (4) decreasing.
A second part: and establishing a feature space.
For the first feature extracted from the electrical signal:AS i and a non-electrical signal characteristic two:
Figure 393319DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
，i=25. 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175, which are plotted in a two-dimensional space as horizontal and vertical axes, so as to respectively establish a membrane dry fault characteristic space and a water flooding fault characteristic space of the fuel cell for the vehicle.
First, the method comprisesAS i And
Figure 443315DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
and (3) carrying out normalization treatment:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
wherein the content of the first and second substances,x p the normalized data is represented by the normalized data,x q as a result of the original data, it is,x qmin andx qmax representing the minimum and maximum values in the raw data, respectively.
Second step of obtainingAS 25、 AS 50、 AS 75 AndD p25Δ、 D p50Δ、 D p75Δ and drawing the data in a two-dimensional coordinate system (as shown in figure 8) to form a scatter diagram, and extracting a mean value point (as shown in figure 9) of three membrane humidity fault values in the drawn scatter diagram to complete the establishment of the membrane dry fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell.
Third, obtainingAS 125 、AS 150 、AS 175 AndD p125Δ 、D p150Δ 、D p175Δ data are drawn in a two-dimensional coordinate system to form scattered pointsAnd then extracting a mean value point (shown in figure 10) of the three membrane humidity fault values in the drawn scatter diagram, and completing the establishment of the water-logging fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell.
In step 400, the steps: predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and the membrane dry fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell, which specifically comprises the following steps:
step 401: constructing a membrane humidity vector in the membrane dry fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell; the film humidity vector is a vector of which the first coordinate points to the second coordinate; the first film humidity corresponding to the first coordinate is adjacent to the first film humidity corresponding to the second coordinate, and the first film humidity corresponding to the first coordinate is smaller than the first film humidity corresponding to the second coordinate.
Step 402: selecting a first target coordinate and a second target coordinate which are closest to the unknown point coordinate in the flooding fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell; the unknown point coordinates are coordinates constructed by taking the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period as an abscissa and taking the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period as an ordinate.
Step 403: and comparing the first film humidity corresponding to the first target coordinate with the first film humidity corresponding to the second target coordinate, and determining the target coordinate corresponding to the smaller first film humidity as the starting point coordinate.
Step 404: constructing a target membrane humidity vector corresponding to the unknown point coordinate; the target film humidity vector is a vector of the starting point coordinate pointing to the unknown point coordinate.
Step 405: predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period according to the membrane humidity vector corresponding to the starting point coordinate and the target membrane humidity vector corresponding to the unknown point coordinate; the film humidity vector corresponding to the starting point coordinate is a vector of which the starting point coordinate points to a third coordinate; and the first film humidity corresponding to the starting point coordinate is adjacent to the first film humidity corresponding to the third coordinate, and the first film humidity corresponding to the starting point coordinate is smaller than the first film humidity corresponding to the third coordinate.
Further, step 405 specifically includes:
according to equation (6):
Figure 51583DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period; wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
the first membrane humidity corresponding to the starting point coordinate is obtained;
Figure 124712DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
a first film humidity corresponding to the third coordinate;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
a target membrane humidity vector corresponding to the unknown point coordinate is obtained;
Figure 279226DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
the membrane humidity vector corresponding to the starting point coordinate is obtained;
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
indicating a modulo.
Since the step 500 of predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time interval according to the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time interval, the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time interval, and the flooding fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is similar to the step 400 of predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time interval according to the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time interval, the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time interval, and the dry fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell membrane, redundant description is omitted here.
The following describes a process for predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period by using a specific example.
One example is: since fuel cell membrane humidity is difficult to measure with sensors, this example indirectly quantifies fuel cell membrane humidity by constructing vectors and projections between vectors within the feature space.
Firstly, respectively constructing membrane humidity vectors in a membrane dry fault characteristic space and a membrane flooding fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell; for the dry failure characteristic space of the membrane of the fuel cell for the vehicle, vectors are sequentially constructed, the relative membrane humidity is 25% point and 50% point of the relative membrane humidity, 50% point of the relative membrane humidity and 75% point of the relative membrane humidity, and the vector direction is the membrane humidity increasing direction (the relative membrane humidity is 25% point points to 50% point of the relative membrane humidity, 50% point of the relative membrane humidity points to 75% point of the relative membrane humidity, as shown in fig. 11); similarly, vectors are sequentially constructed for the flooding fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell, wherein the relative membrane humidity is 125% point and the relative membrane humidity is 150% point, the relative membrane humidity is 150% point and the relative membrane humidity is 175% point, and the vector direction is the membrane humidity increasing direction (the relative membrane humidity is 125% point points point and the relative membrane humidity is 150% point and the relative membrane humidity is 175% point, as shown in fig. 12).
And secondly, making a film humidity quantification prediction strategy.
First, taking a certain fuel cell membrane dry failure as an example, as shown in fig. 13, in a vehicle fuel cell membrane dry failure feature space, using coordinates of unknown membrane humidity points and horizontal and vertical coordinates of three known membrane humidity points for constructing the vehicle fuel cell membrane dry failure feature space, euclidean distances between the coordinates of the unknown points and the coordinates of the three known points are calculated.
Figure 386990DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other, (ii) (x 1 ，y 1 ) Is a known point coordinate, ((ii))x 2 ，y 2 ) Is an unknown point coordinate.
Then two known point coordinates with the minimum Euclidean distance from the unknown point coordinates are screened out, a vector is established between the two known point coordinates and a point with relatively small membrane humidity, and the vector direction is the known point coordinateThe index points to an unknown point (i.e., "points" to a film humidity unknown point from a point where the film humidity is relatively small, of two known film humidity points having the smallest euclidean distance from the film humidity unknown point). As shown in fig. 13, the two known point coordinates with the smallest euclidean distance from the unknown point coordinate are a point with a relative film humidity of 25% and a point with a relative film humidity of 50%, respectively, construct a vector with a point with a relative film humidity of 25% and a point with a direction of 25% relative film humidity points to the unknown point, i.e., construct a vector
Figure 565162DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
Then, the film humidity is quantified according to the projected length:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
（8）；
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
Figure 125587DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
the point corresponding to 25% relative membrane humidity corresponds to the membrane humidity vector.
Example two
In order to implement the method corresponding to the above embodiment to achieve the corresponding functions and technical effects, the following provides a membrane humidity prediction system for a vehicle fuel cell based on multi-source information fusion.
As shown in fig. 14, the present embodiment provides a system for predicting membrane humidity of a vehicle fuel cell based on multi-source information fusion, including:
the state information acquisition module 1 is used for acquiring the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period; the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period at least comprises output voltage, output current and actual voltage drop of an anode inlet and an anode outlet.
A first characteristic calculating module 2, configured to determine a first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current period according to the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell in the current period; the first characteristic is an amplitude spectrum.
And the anode inlet and outlet theoretical voltage drop calculating module 3 is used for determining the anode inlet and outlet theoretical voltage drop of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the output current of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period.
A membrane humidity prediction module 4 for:
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period is smaller than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, calculating a second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, and predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and a membrane dry fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell; the second characteristic is a first absolute value; the first absolute value is the absolute value of the difference between the theoretical voltage drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and the actual voltage drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period;
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period is larger than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, calculating the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, and predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and the water flooding fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell.
The membrane dry fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the membrane dry fault feature and first membrane humidity; the first film humidity is a relative film humidity of less than 100%; the dry film failure characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the first film humidity.
The water-logging fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the water-logging fault feature and the humidity of the second membrane; the second film humidity is a relative film humidity greater than 100%; the water flooding fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the humidity of the second membrane.
EXAMPLE III
The embodiment provides a vehicle fuel cell membrane humidity prediction method based on multi-source information fusion, which comprises the following steps:
a, step a: acquiring the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time; the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period at least comprises output voltage, output current and actual voltage drop of an anode inlet and an anode outlet.
Step b: and predicting the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the next period according to the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current period and a machine learning algorithm.
Step c: determining a first characteristic of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period according to the output voltage of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period; the first characteristic is an amplitude spectrum.
Step d: and determining the theoretical voltage drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period according to the output current of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period.
Step e: when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period is smaller than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period, calculating a second characteristic of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period, and predicting the membrane humidity of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period according to the first characteristic of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period, the second characteristic of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period and a membrane dry fault characteristic space of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period; the second characteristic is a first absolute value; the first absolute value is the absolute value of the difference value between the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time and the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time.
Step f: and when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time is larger than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time, calculating the second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, and predicting the membrane humidity of the fuel cell for the next period of time according to the first characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, the second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time and the flooding fault characteristic space of the fuel cell for the vehicle.
The membrane dry failure characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the membrane dry failure characteristic and the first membrane humidity; the first film humidity is a relative film humidity of less than 100%; the dry film failure characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the first film humidity.
The water-logging fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the water-logging fault feature and the humidity of the second membrane; the second film humidity is a relative film humidity above 100%; the water flooding fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the humidity of the second membrane.
As shown in fig. 15, the output voltage signal, the current signal, and the anode drop signal were collected for the fuel cell to be predicted and time series prediction was performed using an autoregressive moving average model.
An autoregressive Moving Average Model, also known as the ARMA Model, is one of the time series analyses.
And respectively inputting the collected output voltage, output current, anode voltage drop signals and signals for time series prediction based on the three signals into the constructed characteristic space to finish the quantitative prediction of the film humidity. Not only can predict the membrane humidity state of the fuel cell at the moment, but also can give early warning to future membrane humidity faults, adjust and control the temperature, the air inlet humidity and the like of the fuel cell in time, maintain the membrane humidity of the fuel cell in a normal range, reduce the damage of the fuel cell and prolong the service life.
Example four
In order to implement the method corresponding to the above embodiment to achieve the corresponding functions and technical effects, the following provides a membrane humidity prediction system for a vehicle fuel cell based on multi-source information fusion.
The embodiment provides a vehicle fuel cell membrane humidity prediction system based on multisource information fusion, includes:
the state information acquisition module is used for acquiring the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period; the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period at least comprises output voltage, output current and actual voltage drop of an anode inlet and an anode outlet.
And the state information prediction module is used for predicting the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the next time period according to the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period and a machine learning algorithm.
A first characteristic calculation module for determining a first characteristic of the fuel cell for the vehicle at the next period based on an output voltage of the fuel cell for the vehicle at the next period; the first feature is an amplitude spectrum.
And the anode inlet and outlet theoretical voltage drop calculation module is used for determining the anode inlet and outlet theoretical voltage drop of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period according to the output current of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period.
A membrane humidity prediction module to:
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time is smaller than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time, calculating a second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, and predicting the membrane humidity of the fuel cell for the next period of time according to the first characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, the second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time and the membrane dry failure characteristic space of the fuel cell for the vehicle; the second characteristic is a first absolute value; the first absolute value is the absolute value of the difference value between the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period and the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period;
and when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time is larger than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time, calculating the second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, and predicting the membrane humidity of the fuel cell for the next period of time according to the first characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, the second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time and the flooding fault characteristic space of the fuel cell for the vehicle.
The membrane dry fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the membrane dry fault feature and first membrane humidity; the first film humidity is a relative film humidity of less than 100%; the dry film failure characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the first film humidity.
The water-logging fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the water-logging fault feature and the humidity of the second membrane; the second film humidity is a relative film humidity greater than 100%; the water flooding fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the humidity of the second membrane.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
firstly, an information fusion technology is adopted, and the stability and the accuracy of the humidity quantification prediction of the membrane of the vehicle fuel cell are improved by considering the electric quantity of the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell and the non-electric quantity of the anode voltage drop, which can represent the membrane humidity.
And secondly, a membrane humidity value which cannot be directly measured by using a sensor is obtained by formulating a vehicle fuel cell membrane humidity quantification prediction strategy, so that the safe operation of the vehicle fuel cell is guaranteed, and effective support is provided for controlling the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell to be in a normal interval.
Thirdly, online quantitative prediction of the membrane humidity of the fuel cell for the vehicle can be realized, and the prediction cost is low and the efficiency is high. The humidity control method can predict based on the acquired time sequence data, can early warn the humidity change rule of the membrane of the vehicle fuel cell, can act in advance, and can regulate relevant parameters according to the membrane humidity value quantization so as to quickly and efficiently control the membrane humidity within an ideal range, control the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell within a non-irreversible damage range, and prolong the service life of the vehicle fuel cell.
The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the system disclosed by the embodiment, the description is relatively simple because the system corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.
The principle and the embodiment of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples, and the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims (10)

1. A vehicle fuel cell membrane humidity prediction method based on multi-source information fusion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period; the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period at least comprises output voltage, output current and actual voltage drop of an anode inlet and an anode outlet;
determining a first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period; the first characteristic is an amplitude spectrum;
determining the theoretical voltage drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time according to the output current of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time;
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period is smaller than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, calculating a second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, and predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and a membrane dry fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell; the second characteristic is a first absolute value; the first absolute value is the absolute value of the difference value between the theoretical voltage drop of the anode inlet and the outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and the actual voltage drop of the anode inlet and the outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period;
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period is larger than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, calculating a second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, and predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and the water-logging fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell;
the membrane dry fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the membrane dry fault feature and first membrane humidity; the first film humidity is a relative film humidity of less than 100%; the dry film fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the first film humidity;
the water-logging fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the water-logging fault feature and the humidity of the second membrane; the second film humidity is a relative film humidity above 100%; the water flooding fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the humidity of the second membrane.
2. The method for predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell based on the multi-source information fusion according to claim 1, wherein the determining the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time according to the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time specifically comprises:
acquiring the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell during normal operation;
calculating a second absolute value; the second absolute value is an absolute value of a difference between the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell in the current period and the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell in the normal operation;
determining an absolute value of an acceleration section according to the second absolute value; the absolute value of the acceleration section is a second absolute value under the working condition of the acceleration section;
calculating a second derivative of the absolute value of the acceleration section, and performing Fourier transform on the second derivative of the absolute value of the acceleration section to obtain a frequency domain signal;
and extracting the amplitude spectrum of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the frequency domain signal.
3. The method for predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell based on the multi-source information fusion of the claim 1, wherein the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period further comprises working condition information; the working condition information comprises the width of the cathode water flow channel, the depth of the cathode water flow channel, the length of the cathode water flow channel, the number of the cathode water flow channels, the hydrogen pressure at the anode inlet, the hydrogen saturation pressure at the anode inlet, the hydrogen stoichiometric number and the operating temperature of the fuel cell; the determining the theoretical voltage drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current period according to the output current of the vehicle fuel cell in the current period specifically includes:
and calculating the theoretical voltage drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the output current and the working condition information of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period.
4. The method for predicting membrane humidity of the vehicular fuel cell based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 1, further comprising: constructing a membrane dry fault characteristic space and a water-flooded fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell;
the method for constructing the membrane dry fault characteristic space and the water-flooded fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell specifically comprises the following steps:
acquiring state information of the vehicle fuel cell in a history stage; the state information of the vehicle fuel cell in the historical stage comprises working condition information, output voltage and output current corresponding to different membrane humidities and actual voltage drop of an anode inlet and an anode outlet;
determining first characteristics corresponding to different membrane humidities according to the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell in the history stage;
determining theoretical pressure drops of an anode inlet and an anode outlet corresponding to different membrane humidities according to the output current and working condition information of the vehicle fuel cell in the historical stage;
determining second characteristics corresponding to different membrane humidities according to the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell and the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet in the historical stage;
determining first sample data and second sample data; the first sample data is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to different first film humidities; the second sample data is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to different second membrane humidities;
constructing a membrane dry fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell according to the first sample data;
and constructing a water logging fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell according to the second sample data.
5. The method for predicting humidity of the membrane of the vehicle fuel cell based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 4, wherein the constructing a membrane dry failure feature space of the vehicle fuel cell according to the first sample data specifically comprises:
expressing the first characteristics and the second characteristics corresponding to different first film humidities in a coordinate mode to obtain different first film humidity coordinates; the abscissa of the first film humidity coordinate is a first characteristic; the ordinate of the first film humidity coordinate is a second characteristic;
carrying out an averaging operation on a plurality of first film humidity coordinates corresponding to the same first film humidity to obtain average value coordinates corresponding to different first film humidities; wherein one of the first membrane humidities corresponds to one mean coordinate;
drawing the different mean value coordinates in a two-dimensional coordinate system to obtain a membrane trunk fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell; and in the direction of increasing the coordinate value of the X axis in the membrane dry fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell, the humidity of the first membrane corresponding to the mean coordinate is increased progressively.
6. The method for predicting membrane humidity of the vehicular fuel cell based on multi-source information fusion according to claim 1, wherein the predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicular fuel cell at the current time according to the first characteristic of the vehicular fuel cell at the current time, the second characteristic of the vehicular fuel cell at the current time and the membrane dry failure feature space of the vehicular fuel cell at the current time specifically comprises:
constructing a membrane humidity vector in the membrane dry fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell; the film humidity vector is a vector of which the first coordinate points to the second coordinate; the first film humidity corresponding to the first coordinate is adjacent to the first film humidity corresponding to the second coordinate, and the first film humidity corresponding to the first coordinate is smaller than the first film humidity corresponding to the second coordinate;
selecting a first target coordinate and a second target coordinate which are closest to the unknown point coordinate in the flooding fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell; the unknown point coordinates are coordinates constructed by taking the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time as an abscissa and taking the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time as an ordinate;
comparing the first film humidity corresponding to the first target coordinate with the first film humidity corresponding to the second target coordinate, and determining the target coordinate corresponding to the smaller first film humidity as a starting point coordinate;
constructing a target membrane humidity vector corresponding to the unknown point coordinates; the target film humidity vector is a vector of the starting point coordinate pointing to an unknown point coordinate;
predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time according to the membrane humidity vector corresponding to the initial point coordinate and the target membrane humidity vector corresponding to the unknown point coordinate; the film humidity vector corresponding to the starting point coordinate is a vector of which the starting point coordinate points to a third coordinate; and the first film humidity corresponding to the starting point coordinate is adjacent to the first film humidity corresponding to the third coordinate, and the first film humidity corresponding to the starting point coordinate is smaller than the first film humidity corresponding to the third coordinate.
7. The method for predicting the membrane humidity of the automotive fuel cell based on the multi-source information fusion according to claim 6, wherein the predicting the membrane humidity of the automotive fuel cell at the current time period according to the membrane humidity vector corresponding to the starting point coordinate and the target membrane humidity vector corresponding to the unknown point coordinate specifically comprises:
according to the formula:
Figure 91488DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure 680732DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
the first membrane humidity corresponding to the starting point coordinate is obtained;
Figure 866994DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
a first film humidity corresponding to the third coordinate;
Figure 199887DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
the target membrane humidity vector corresponding to the unknown point coordinate is obtained;
Figure 214591DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
the membrane humidity vector corresponding to the starting point coordinate is obtained;
Figure 709158DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
indicating a modulo.
8. A vehicular fuel cell membrane humidity prediction system based on multi-source information fusion is characterized by comprising:
the state information acquisition module is used for acquiring the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period; the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period at least comprises output voltage, output current and actual voltage drop of an anode inlet and an anode outlet;
the first characteristic calculation module is used for determining first characteristics of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the output voltage of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period; the first characteristic is an amplitude spectrum;
the anode inlet and outlet theoretical voltage drop calculation module is used for determining the anode inlet and outlet theoretical voltage drop of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the output current of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period;
a membrane humidity prediction module to:
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period is smaller than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, calculating a second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, and predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and a membrane dry fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell; the second characteristic is a first absolute value; the first absolute value is the absolute value of the difference value between the theoretical voltage drop of the anode inlet and the outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and the actual voltage drop of the anode inlet and the outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period;
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period is larger than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, calculating a second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, and predicting the membrane humidity of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period according to the first characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period, the second characteristic of the vehicle fuel cell in the current time period and the water-logging fault characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell;
the membrane dry fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the membrane dry fault feature and first membrane humidity; the first film humidity is a relative film humidity of less than 100%; the dry film fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the first film humidity;
the water-logging fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the water-logging fault feature and the humidity of the second membrane; the second film humidity is a relative film humidity above 100%; the water flooding fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the humidity of the second membrane.
9. A vehicle fuel cell membrane humidity prediction method based on multi-source information fusion is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period; the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period at least comprises output voltage, output current and actual voltage drop of an anode inlet and an anode outlet;
predicting the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the next time period according to the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period and a machine learning algorithm;
determining a first characteristic of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period according to the output voltage of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period; the first characteristic is an amplitude spectrum;
determining the theoretical voltage drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle at the next period according to the output current of the fuel cell for the vehicle at the next period;
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time is smaller than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time, calculating a second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, and predicting the membrane humidity of the fuel cell for the next period of time according to the first characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, the second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time and the membrane dry failure characteristic space of the fuel cell for the vehicle; the second characteristic is a first absolute value; the first absolute value is the absolute value of the difference value between the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period and the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period;
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time is larger than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time, calculating a second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, and predicting the membrane humidity of the fuel cell for the next period of time according to the first characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, the second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time and the flooding fault characteristic space of the fuel cell for the vehicle;
the membrane dry failure characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the membrane dry failure characteristic and the first membrane humidity; the first film humidity is a relative film humidity of less than 100%; the dry film fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the first film humidity;
the water-logging fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the water-logging fault feature and the humidity of the second membrane; the second film humidity is a relative film humidity greater than 100%; the water flooding fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the humidity of the second membrane.
10. A vehicular fuel cell membrane humidity prediction system based on multi-source information fusion is characterized by comprising:
the state information acquisition module is used for acquiring the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period; the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period at least comprises output voltage, output current and actual voltage drop of an anode inlet and an anode outlet;
the state information prediction module is used for predicting the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the next time period according to the state information of the vehicle fuel cell at the current time period and a machine learning algorithm;
the first characteristic calculating module is used for determining first characteristics of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period according to the output voltage of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period; the first characteristic is an amplitude spectrum;
the anode inlet and outlet theoretical voltage drop calculation module is used for determining the anode inlet and outlet theoretical voltage drop of the fuel cell for the vehicle at the next period according to the output current of the fuel cell for the vehicle at the next period;
a membrane humidity prediction module to:
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time is smaller than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time, calculating a second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, and predicting the membrane humidity of the fuel cell for the next period of time according to the first characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, the second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time and the membrane dry failure characteristic space of the fuel cell for the vehicle; the second characteristic is a first absolute value; the first absolute value is the absolute value of the difference value between the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period and the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the outlet of the fuel cell for the vehicle in the next period;
when the theoretical pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time is larger than the actual pressure drop of the anode inlet and the anode outlet of the fuel cell for the next period of time, calculating a second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, and predicting the membrane humidity of the fuel cell for the next period of time according to the first characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time, the second characteristic of the fuel cell for the next period of time and the water flooding fault feature space of the fuel cell for the vehicle;
the membrane dry failure characteristic space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the membrane dry failure characteristic and the first membrane humidity; the first film humidity is a relative film humidity of less than 100%; the dry film fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the first film humidity;
the water-logging fault feature space of the vehicle fuel cell is a two-dimensional space constructed by the water-logging fault feature and the humidity of the second membrane; the second film humidity is a relative film humidity above 100%; the water flooding fault characteristic is a first characteristic and a second characteristic corresponding to the humidity of the second membrane.
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