CN115319293B - Arc surface laser welding equipment and method based on spacecraft part assembly - Google Patents
Arc surface laser welding equipment and method based on spacecraft part assembly Download PDFInfo
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- CN115319293B CN115319293B CN202211265505.1A CN202211265505A CN115319293B CN 115319293 B CN115319293 B CN 115319293B CN 202211265505 A CN202211265505 A CN 202211265505A CN 115319293 B CN115319293 B CN 115319293B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0093—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/0426—Fixtures for other work
- B23K37/0435—Clamps
- B23K37/0443—Jigs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B29/00—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents
- B24B29/02—Machines or devices for polishing surfaces on work by means of tools made of soft or flexible material with or without the application of solid or liquid polishing agents designed for particular workpieces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B9/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor
- B24B9/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground
- B24B9/04—Machines or devices designed for grinding edges or bevels on work or for removing burrs; Accessories therefor characterised by a special design with respect to properties of materials specific to articles to be ground of metal, e.g. skate blades
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses cambered surface laser welding equipment and method based on spacecraft part assembly, and relates to the technical field of spacecraft parts. The device comprises a supporting and adjusting table, a traction frame and a clamping frame, wherein the clamping frame comprises a working hinge shaft, and a welding gun, a polishing motor and a gas cooling cylinder are arranged on the surface of the working hinge shaft. On one hand, a structure that the limiting idler wheels are fixed with the welding gun in a welding mode and the height position of the structure is relatively fixed is utilized, so that the welding gun and a welding seam can always keep a fixed distance; on the other hand, the section to be welded is pressed downwards by using the pressing roller, so that the section can be ensured to normally slide and a certain clamping and supporting effect can be provided for the section; in addition, the supporting spring is arranged, so that the welding gun is in a movable state in the longitudinal direction, the welding gun can fluctuate along with the height of the surface site of the section or the welding seam, the welding gun keeps a fixed distance from the welding seam, the welding work is more stable, and the repeated adjustment operation is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of spacecraft part assembly, and particularly relates to cambered surface laser welding equipment and a method based on spacecraft part assembly.
Background
The laser welding is a common welding technology in the field of modern workpiece processing, and has no concern of electrode pollution or profile damage because an electrode is not needed, and the laser welding technology is non-contact welding, so that the loss of the profile and equipment can be almost ignored, which is exactly the important reason for widely using the laser welding technology in the assembly work of spacecraft accessories; in the assembly of spacecraft fittings, the loss of profiles needs to be avoided in the assembly welding process, generally because a high level of precision needs to be maintained;
because of the wide variety of spacecraft accessories, more irregular-geometry section bars are often welded, for example, the arc welding process of some special section bars is adopted; the position of a welding gun or a welding head in the existing laser welding machine is often fixed, even if the welding gun moves, the welding gun only extends along the extension direction of a welding seam, and the control on the distance between the welding gun and the welding seam is often deficient; the influence on the surface of a relatively straight section or a welding seam is small, but for the welding seam formed by the section with height difference in the longitudinal direction, the welding work with fixed height inevitably influences the efficiency of laser heat radiation, and further influences the efficiency of laser welding; in addition, even if the adjustment of the welding spot is carried out, the adjustment operation is more complex and frequent for the cambered surface profile, and larger working errors are easy to occur; therefore, in order to improve the problem existing in the prior art, a cambered surface laser welding device and a cambered surface laser welding method based on spacecraft part assembly are designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide cambered surface laser welding equipment and a cambered surface laser welding method based on spacecraft part assembly, and solves the problems that an existing laser welding gun applied to cambered surface welding is fixed in height with a section bar and is inconvenient to adjust.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to cambered surface laser welding equipment based on spacecraft part assembly, which comprises a supporting adjusting table, a traction frame and two groups of clamping frames, wherein the two groups of clamping frames are hinged with each other, and a working hinge shaft is arranged at the hinged position; the traction frame is arranged between the support adjusting table and the clamping frame, and the traction frame is in sliding fit with the support adjusting table; the two groups of clamping frames are in transmission fit with the supporting adjusting table; the supporting and adjusting table is used for adjusting an included angle between the two groups of clamping frames, and the clamping frames can fold two plates to be welded into a required included angle, so that the cambered surface welding work is facilitated;
the side surface of the periphery of the working hinge shaft is provided with an adjusting cylinder, a polishing motor and an air cooling cylinder, wherein the adjusting cylinder, the polishing motor and the air cooling cylinder are uniformly arranged in an array; a laser welding rod is clamped in the adjusting cylinder in a sliding manner, a welding gun is fixed at the lower end of the laser welding rod in a bolted manner, and the welding gun is arranged below the adjusting cylinder; a supporting spring is arranged between the welding gun and the adjusting cylinder; material pressing idler wheels are elastically hinged on two opposite side surfaces of the welding gun, limiting idler wheels are welded on two opposite surfaces of the welding gun through connecting rods, rolling shafts of the material pressing idler wheels and the limiting idler wheels are perpendicular to the working hinge shaft, and the lower edge position of the limiting idler wheels is lower than a laser emission site of the welding gun; when a welding gun is used for laser welding of the plate, the pressing roller compresses the plate through the elastic component to avoid loosening, and the limiting roller is attached to the welding seam, so that the fixed height is kept between the lower end of the welding gun and the welding seam, and the smooth laser welding process is ensured; meanwhile, when the welding spot is moved, the two groups of roller structures vertical to the working hinge shaft are more favorable for sliding displacement; aiming at the welding seam with radian, the limiting idler wheel is always attached to the plate in the process of moving the plate, and the laser welding rod can drive the welding gun and the limiting idler wheel to slide upwards when passing through different height positions and sites in the rolling process, so that the distance between the welding gun and the welding seam is kept unchanged;
a polishing wheel is rotationally clamped on the peripheral side surface of the lower end of the output shaft of the polishing motor, wherein the polishing wheel is of a hollow structure; the lower surface of the polishing wheel is adhered with a plurality of polishing strips, a return spring is arranged between the polishing wheel and the polishing motor, a connecting plate is welded between the polishing wheel and the welding gun, the polishing wheel and the welding gun are positioned at the same height position, and the polishing wheel can be contacted with the surfaces of plates and welding seams under the driving of the welding gun to conveniently polish the plates and the welding seams, wherein the polishing strips have certain flexibility, the polishing range is more comprehensive during polishing, and the polishing work is more thorough;
the upper surface of the polishing motor is bolted with a blast hood, the upper end of an output shaft of the polishing motor is fixedly bolted with a blast impeller, and the blast impeller is arranged in the blast hood; an air cooling pipe is connected and communicated between the blast hood and the air cooling cylinder in a bolted mode, and one end of the air cooling pipe extends to the lower portion of the air cooling cylinder; when the polishing work is carried out, the self driving force of the polishing motor can be used for blowing air, and the welding line and the plate can be cooled rapidly by an air cooling mode.
Furthermore, the clamping frame comprises a hinge rod, a limiting beam and a limiting plate, wherein one end of the hinge rod is hinged with the working hinge shaft, and the other end of the hinge rod is welded with the limiting beam; one side face of the limiting beam is elastically hinged with the limiting plate, and the limiting plate and the limiting beam jointly form a limiting groove structure for placing the plates to be welded.
Furthermore, a plurality of adjusting cavities are formed in the supporting adjusting table, and adjusting rods are clamped in the adjusting cavities in a sliding manner; one end of the adjusting rod extends to the outside of the supporting adjusting table, and an adjusting connecting rod is hinged between the adjusting rod and the limiting plate; when the angle is adjusted in a folding mode, the adjusting connecting rod and the adjusting rod jointly support and connect the clamping frame.
Furthermore, the traction frame comprises two traction groove plates, a clamping groove is formed in each traction groove plate, and the two traction groove plates are elastically hinged with each other; one end of a hinged shaft of the two traction groove plates is welded with a traction shaft, wherein the traction shaft is of an L-shaped shaft structure; a driving shaft is welded at one end of the traction shaft; the driving shaft extends and penetrates through the supporting and adjusting table, and the driving shaft is in sliding fit with the supporting and adjusting table; a driven chain wheel is rotationally clamped on one side surface of the supporting and adjusting table; a traction motor is bolted and fixed on one surface of the supporting and adjusting table, a driving chain wheel is welded at one end of an output shaft of the traction motor, and the driving chain wheel is in transmission fit with the driven chain wheel through a mounting chain; the driven chain wheel and the driving shaft form a screw rod structure;
the traction shaft and the driving shaft are of an integrated structure in the structure, when the traction motor is started, the driving chain wheel drives the driven chain wheel to rotate by using the chain and chain wheel transmission structure, and the driven chain wheel is rotatably clamped with the supporting and adjusting table and forms a screw rod structure with the driving shaft, so that the driving shaft, the traction groove plate and the plate to be welded can be driven to slide together, and the welding seam is in a moving state below the welding gun.
Furthermore, a support column is bolted and fixed on the upper surface of the support adjusting table, wherein the support column is of a telescopic column structure and is an elastic telescopic component; the two opposite side surfaces of the upper end of the supporting column are elastically hinged with supporting plates, and the supporting plates are arranged between the traction frame and the supporting adjusting table; wherein, support column and layer board are for treating welding plate provides the support jointly, and elasticity articulated layer board can cooperate with the panel of folding each other simultaneously, can both provide stable support for each panel.
Furthermore, a backing plate is attached to the inner surface of the clamping groove and made of rubber, and the backing plate made of rubber is used for fixing the plate in the clamping groove.
The cambered surface laser welding method based on spacecraft part assembly comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining an included angle between two adjacent plates according to the radian or curvature of an arc surface of an accessory to be processed; then, folding the two groups of clamping frames according to the obtained preset included angle to enable the included angle between the two groups of clamping frames to be the same as the preset included angle;
secondly, inserting two plates to be welded into the clamping grooves of the two groups of traction groove plates respectively, and clamping and fixing the plates by using a base plate made of rubber; at the moment, the traction frame carries the plate to be positioned between the supporting column and the clamping frame, and the upper end of the supporting column and the supporting plate support and tightly abut against the plate;
step three, simultaneously starting a traction motor, a welding gun and a polishing motor, wherein under the action of the traction motor, the traction frame carries the plate to slide along the direction of the working hinge shaft and sequentially passes through the welding gun, the polishing motor and the air cooling cylinder, wherein the welding gun keeps a fixed height with the connection part of the plate under the limitation of the limiting roller wheel, and laser welding is started; when the welded part passes through the polishing motor, the polishing wheel carries the polishing sliver to polish and polish the welding line; and after finishing polishing, continuously conveying the polished workpiece to the lower part of the air cooling cylinder, and rapidly cooling the polished workpiece under the blowing action of the blowing hood.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the clamping frames which are hinged with each other are arranged, and the included angle of the clamping frames is adjusted by utilizing the self characteristic of the hinge, so that the included angle is used as a preset included angle to provide limiting support for a section or a plate to be welded, and the welding work is convenient to form at one time; meanwhile, the welding gun, the polishing motor and the air cooling pipe are sequentially arranged at the position of the central hinge shaft of the clamping frame, so that continuous welding, weld polishing and cooling work can be performed on a plate to be welded, the oxidation phenomenon of the section is avoided, and the working efficiency is further improved;
meanwhile, a group of limiting idler wheels and a group of pressing idler wheels are arranged on the peripheral side face of the welding gun, so that on one hand, a fixed distance can be kept between the welding gun and a welding seam all the time by utilizing a structure that the limiting idler wheels are welded and fixed with the welding gun and the height position is relatively fixed; on the other hand, the section to be welded is pressed downwards by using a pressing roller, so that the section can be ensured to slide normally and a certain clamping and supporting effect can be provided for the section; in addition, the supporting spring is arranged, so that the welding gun is in a movable state in the longitudinal direction, and when special profiles with cambered surfaces are welded, the welding gun can fluctuate along with the profiles or the height of the surface sites of the welding seams, the welding gun keeps a fixed distance from the welding seams, the welding work is more stable, and the repeated adjustment operation is avoided.
Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an assembly structure diagram of an arc laser welding device based on spacecraft part assembly according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the spacecraft part assembly based laser weld cambered surface apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 isbase:Sub>A schematic structural view of section A-A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a partial display view of portion B of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a partial view of portion C of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a partial display view of portion D of FIG. 3;
FIG. 7 is a partial display view of portion E of FIG. 3;
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of section F-F in FIG. 3;
fig. 9 is a partial view of portion G of fig. 8.
In the drawings, the reference numbers indicate the following list of parts:
1. supporting the adjusting table; 3. a clamping frame; 4. a working hinge shaft; 5. an adjusting cylinder; 6. polishing the motor; 7. a gas-cooled cylinder; 8. laser welding a rod; 9. a welding gun; 10. a support spring; 11. pressing rollers; 12. limiting the idler wheel; 13. a polishing wheel; 14. polishing the sliver; 15. a return spring; 16. a connecting plate; 17. a blower housing; 18. a blower impeller; 19. an air-cooled pipe; 20. a hinge lever; 21. a limiting beam; 22. a limiting plate; 23. an adjustment chamber; 24. adjusting a rod; 25. adjusting the connecting rod; 26. a traction groove plate; 27. a traction shaft; 28. a drive shaft; 29. a driven sprocket; 30. a traction motor; 31. a drive sprocket; 32. a support pillar; 33. and (7) a supporting plate.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "middle", "outer", "inner", and the like, indicate an orientation or positional relationship, are used merely to facilitate the description of the invention and to simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced components or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-9, the invention relates to a cambered surface laser welding device based on spacecraft part assembly, which comprises a supporting adjusting table 1, a traction frame and two groups of clamping frames 3, wherein the two groups of clamping frames 3 are hinged with each other, and a working hinge shaft 4 is arranged at the hinged position; the traction frame is arranged between the support adjusting table 1 and the clamping frame 3, and the traction frame is in sliding fit with the support adjusting table 1; the two groups of clamping frames 3 are in transmission fit with the supporting and adjusting table 1; the supporting and adjusting table 1 is used for adjusting an included angle between the two groups of clamping frames 3, and the clamping frames 3 can fold two plates to be welded into a required included angle, so that the cambered surface welding work is facilitated;
the peripheral side surface of the working hinge shaft 4 is provided with an adjusting cylinder 5, a polishing motor 6 and an air cooling cylinder 7, wherein the adjusting cylinder 5, the polishing motor 6 and the air cooling cylinder 7 are uniformly arranged in an array; a laser welding rod 8 is clamped in the adjusting cylinder 5 in a sliding manner, the lower end of the laser welding rod 8 is fixedly bolted with a welding gun 9, and the welding gun 9 is arranged below the adjusting cylinder 5; a supporting spring 10 is arranged between the welding gun 9 and the adjusting cylinder 5; material pressing idler wheels 11 are elastically hinged to two opposite side surfaces of the welding gun 9, limiting idler wheels 12 are welded to two opposite surfaces of the welding gun 9 through connecting rods, rolling shafts of the material pressing idler wheels 11 and the limiting idler wheels 12 are perpendicular to the working hinge shaft 4, and the lower edge positions of the limiting idler wheels 12 are lower than laser emission sites of the welding gun 9; when the welding gun 9 is used for carrying out laser welding on the plate, the pressing roller 11 compresses the plate by using an elastic component to avoid loosening, and the limiting roller 12 is attached to a welding seam, so that the fixed height is kept between the lower end of the welding gun 9 and the welding seam, and the smooth laser welding process is ensured; meanwhile, when the welding spot is moved, the two groups of roller structures vertical to the working hinge shaft 4 are more beneficial to sliding displacement; aiming at the welding seam with radian, the limiting idler wheel 12 is always attached to the plate in the process of moving the plate, and the laser welding rod 8 can drive the welding gun 9 and the limiting idler wheel 12 to slide upwards when passing through different height positions and sites in the rolling process, so that the distance between the welding gun 9 and the welding seam is kept unchanged;
a polishing wheel 13 is rotationally clamped on the peripheral side surface of the lower end of the output shaft of the polishing motor 6, wherein the polishing wheel 13 is of a hollow structure; a plurality of polishing strips 14 are adhered to the lower surface of the polishing wheel 13, a return spring 15 is arranged between the polishing wheel 13 and the polishing motor 6, a connecting plate 16 is welded between the polishing wheel 13 and the welding gun 9, the polishing wheel 13 and the welding gun 9 are positioned at the same height position, and the polishing wheel 13 can contact the surfaces of plates and welding seams under the drive of the welding gun 9 to conveniently polish the plates and the welding seams, wherein the polishing strips 14 have certain flexibility, so that the polishing range is more comprehensive during polishing, and the polishing work is more thorough;
the upper surface of the polishing motor 6 is bolted with a blast hood 17, the upper end of an output shaft of the polishing motor 6 is bolted and fixed with a blast impeller 18, and the blast impeller 18 is arranged in the blast hood 17; an air cooling pipe 19 is connected and communicated between the blast hood 17 and the air cooling cylinder 7 in a bolting way, and one end of the air cooling pipe 19 extends to the lower part of the air cooling cylinder 7; when the polishing work is carried out, the driving force of the polishing motor 6 can be used for blowing air, and the welding line and the plate can be cooled rapidly by an air cooling mode.
Preferably, the clamping frame 3 comprises a hinge rod 20, a limiting beam 21 and a limiting plate 22, wherein one end of the hinge rod 20 is hinged with the working hinge shaft 4, and the other end is welded with the limiting beam 21; one side surface of the limiting beam 21 is elastically hinged with the limiting plate 22, wherein the limiting plate 22 and the limiting beam 21 jointly form a limiting groove structure for placing the plates to be welded.
Preferably, a plurality of adjusting cavities 23 are formed in the supporting and adjusting table 1, and adjusting rods 24 are slidably clamped in the adjusting cavities 23; one end of the adjusting rod 24 extends to the outside of the supporting adjusting table 1, and an adjusting connecting rod 25 is hinged between the adjusting rod and the limiting plate 22; when the angle is adjusted in the folding mode, the adjusting connecting rod 25 and the adjusting rod 24 jointly provide support and connection for the clamping frame 3.
Preferably, the traction frame comprises two traction groove plates 26, a clamping groove is formed in each traction groove plate 26, and the two traction groove plates 26 are elastically hinged with each other; one end of a hinged shaft of the two traction groove plates 26 is welded with a traction shaft 27, wherein the traction shaft 27 is of an L-shaped shaft structure; a driving shaft 28 is welded at one end of the traction shaft 27; the driving shaft 28 extends and penetrates through the support adjusting table 1, and the driving shaft 28 is in sliding fit with the support adjusting table 1; a driven sprocket 29 is rotationally clamped on one side surface of the supporting and adjusting table 1; a traction motor 30 is fixedly bolted on one surface of the supporting and adjusting table 1, one end of an output shaft of the traction motor 30 is welded with a driving chain wheel 31, and the driving chain wheel 31 is in transmission fit with the driven chain wheel 29 through a mounting chain; the driven chain wheel 29 and the driving shaft 28 form a screw rod structure;
in the above structure, the traction shaft 27 and the driving shaft 28 are integrated, when the traction motor 30 is started, the driving sprocket 31 drives the driven sprocket 29 to rotate by using a chain sprocket transmission structure, and since the driven sprocket 29 is rotatably engaged with the support adjusting table 1 and forms a screw structure with the driving shaft 28, the traction shaft 27, the traction groove plate 26 and the plate to be welded can be driven to slide together, so that the welding seam is in a moving state below the welding gun 9.
Preferably, the supporting column 32 is bolted and fixed on the upper surface of the supporting adjusting table 1, wherein the supporting column 32 has a telescopic column structure and is an elastic telescopic component; the opposite two side surfaces of the upper end of the supporting column 32 are elastically hinged with supporting plates 33, and the supporting plates 33 are arranged between the traction frame and the supporting adjusting table 1; wherein, support column 32 and layer board 33 provide the support for waiting to weld the panel jointly, and elasticity articulated layer board 33 can cooperate with the panel of folding each other simultaneously, can both provide stable support for every panel.
Preferably, the inner surface of the clamping groove is attached with a backing plate, the backing plate is made of rubber, and the backing plate made of rubber is used for fixing the plate in the clamping groove.
The cambered surface laser welding method based on spacecraft part assembly comprises the following steps:
firstly, determining an included angle between two adjacent plates according to the radian or curvature of an arc surface of a part to be processed; then, folding the two groups of clamping frames 3 according to the obtained preset included angle, so that the included angle between the two groups of clamping frames 3 is the same as the preset included angle;
step two, respectively inserting the two plates to be welded into the clamping grooves of the two groups of traction groove plates 26, and clamping and fixing the two plates by using a backing plate made of rubber; at the moment, the traction frame carries the plate to be positioned between the supporting column 32 and the clamping frame 3, and the upper end of the supporting column 32 and the supporting plate 33 support and tightly abut against the plate;
step three, simultaneously starting the traction motor 30, the welding gun 9 and the polishing motor 6, wherein under the action of the traction motor 30, the traction frame carries the plate to slide along the direction of the working hinge shaft 4 and sequentially passes through the welding gun 9, the polishing motor 6 and the air cooling cylinder 7, wherein the welding gun 9 keeps a fixed height with the connection part of the plate under the limitation of the limiting roller 12, and laser welding is started; when the welded part passes through the polishing motor 6, the polishing wheel 13 carries the polishing sliver 14 to polish and polish the welding line; after finishing polishing, the polishing solution is sent to the lower part of the air cooling cylinder 7 and is rapidly cooled by the blowing action of the blowing hood 17.
Example (b):
the embodiment is a working principle of two different welding works of the cambered surface laser welding equipment assembled on the basis of spacecraft parts, and comprises the following steps:
in the first form, the cambered surface part under the macroscopic viewing angle is usually formed by bending a plurality of groups of sectional materials by a tiny angle under the microscopic viewing angle, so that the laser welding process of the cambered surface can also be realized by respectively welding a plurality of groups of sectional materials which are distributed at fixed angles; therefore, in the actual welding process, the clamping frame 3 is folded according to the preset microscopic included angle to ensure that the included angle is the same as the preset included angle; then, two plates or profiles to be welded are placed in a limiting groove structure formed by a limiting plate 22 and a limiting beam 21, an included angle formed by the two plates is the same as a preset included angle, and after the two plates are placed, the contact position of the two plates is a welding line to be welded; at this time, the weld is located below the welding gun 9 and is a relatively straight weld, so that after the traction motor 30 is started, the traction frame drives the two plates to slide towards the welding gun 9 under the traction of the driving shaft 28; in the sliding process, because the welding seam is relatively straight, the laser welding rod 8 and the welding gun 9 are always kept at relatively fixed height positions and sequentially pass through the polishing motor 6 and the air cooling cylinder 7 after the laser welding is finished until the welding, polishing and cooling are finished;
in the second form, the longitudinal radian exists in the welding of part of the section bars, so that the welding seams are also uneven, the arrangement and installation of the section bars in the earlier stage are the same as those in the first form, and the difference is that the actual working state of the welding gun 9, because the height difference exists in the longitudinal direction of the welding seams, when the welding gun 9 and the welding seams have a relative advancing process, the limiting roller 12 is always attached to the surface of the section bars, and the height difference between the limiting roller 12 and the lower end of the welding gun 9 can ensure that the laser of the welding gun 9 can be smoothly irradiated on the surfaces of the welding seams; meanwhile, when the height difference occurs, under the action of the supporting spring 10, the limiting idler wheel 12 can be always attached to the profiles on the two sides of the welding line, so that the welding gun 9 and the welding line are always kept at a fixed distance, and the laser welding work is facilitated.
As an alternative of some technical solutions of the present invention, because the welding gun 9, the polishing motor 6 and the traction motor 30 are started simultaneously during the actual welding operation, the welding gun 9 and the polishing motor 6 can be electrically connected to share the same starting circuit during the installation and assembly of the equipment in the early stage; the traction motor 30 is used as a driving force source of the driving shaft 28, and can be correspondingly replaced by a mechanical linkage mechanism, wherein the specific linkage mode is that a linkage transmission structure such as a gear rack rod, a chain wheel chain and the like is additionally arranged between the driving chain wheel 31 or the driven chain wheel 29 and an output shaft of the polishing motor 6, namely, the driving source of the driving shaft 28 is changed into the polishing motor 6, and the actual effect of the traction motor 30 is the same as that of the traction motor;
in addition, the supporting column 32 and the supporting plate 33 are known conventional supporting members, specifically, a spring or other elastic component is arranged inside the supporting column 32, which can provide upward support for the output end of the supporting column 32, so that the supporting column is matched with the clamping frame 3 to provide clamping and support for the profile or the plate; the locking structure is arranged among the adjusting connecting rod 25, the adjusting rod 24 and the limiting plate 22, the whole structure can be locked and fixed after the preset angle is adjusted, and the phenomenon that the working efficiency and the working quality are affected due to loosening among structures in the working process is avoided.
In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best understand the invention for and utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. Cambered surface laser welding equipment based on spacecraft accessory equipment, including support adjusting station (1), traction frame and two sets of holding frame (3), its characterized in that: the two groups of clamping frames (3) are hinged with each other, and a working hinge shaft (4) is arranged at the hinged position; the traction frame is arranged between the support adjusting table (1) and the clamping frame (3), and the traction frame is in sliding fit with the support adjusting table (1); the two groups of clamping frames (3) are in transmission fit with the supporting and adjusting table (1);
the peripheral side surface of the working hinge shaft (4) is provided with an adjusting cylinder (5), a polishing motor (6) and an air cooling cylinder (7), wherein the adjusting cylinder (5), the polishing motor (6) and the air cooling cylinder (7) are uniformly arranged in an array; a laser welding rod (8) is clamped in the adjusting cylinder (5) in a sliding mode, a welding gun (9) is fixedly bolted to the lower end of the laser welding rod (8), and the welding gun (9) is arranged below the adjusting cylinder (5); a supporting spring (10) is arranged between the welding gun (9) and the adjusting cylinder (5); material pressing idler wheels (11) are elastically hinged to two opposite side surfaces of the welding gun (9), limiting idler wheels (12) are welded to two opposite surfaces of the welding gun (9) through connecting rods, rolling shafts of the material pressing idler wheels (11) and the limiting idler wheels (12) are perpendicular to the working hinge shaft (4), and the lower edge of each limiting idler wheel (12) is lower than a laser emission site of the welding gun (9);
the peripheral side surface of the lower end of the output shaft of the polishing motor (6) is rotationally clamped with a polishing wheel (13), wherein the polishing wheel (13) is of a hollow structure; the lower surface of the polishing wheel (13) is adhered with a plurality of polishing strips (14), a return spring (15) is arranged between the polishing wheel (13) and the polishing motor (6), a connecting plate (16) is welded between the polishing wheel (13) and the welding gun (9), and the polishing wheel (13) and the welding gun (9) are positioned at the same height;
the upper surface of the polishing motor (6) is bolted with a blast hood (17), the upper end of an output shaft of the polishing motor (6) is bolted and fixed with a blast impeller (18), and the blast impeller (18) is arranged in the blast hood (17); an air cooling pipe (19) is bolted and communicated between the blast hood (17) and the air cooling barrel (7), and one end of the air cooling pipe (19) extends to the lower part of the air cooling barrel (7);
the clamping frame (3) comprises a hinge rod (20), a limiting beam (21) and a limiting plate (22), wherein one end of the hinge rod (20) is hinged with the working hinge shaft (4), and the other end of the hinge rod is welded with the limiting beam (21); one side surface of the limiting beam (21) is elastically hinged with the limiting plate (22);
a plurality of adjusting cavities (23) are formed in the supporting adjusting table (1), and adjusting rods (24) are clamped in the adjusting cavities (23) in a sliding manner; one end of the adjusting rod (24) extends to the outside of the supporting adjusting platform (1), and an adjusting connecting rod (25) is hinged between the adjusting rod and the limiting plate (22);
the traction frame comprises two traction groove plates (26), clamping grooves are formed in the traction groove plates (26), and the traction groove plates (26) are elastically hinged with each other; one end of a hinged shaft of the two traction groove plates (26) is welded with a traction shaft (27), wherein the traction shaft (27) is of an L-shaped shaft structure; a driving shaft (28) is welded at one end of the traction shaft (27); the driving shaft (28) extends and penetrates through the supporting and adjusting table (1), and the driving shaft (28) is in sliding fit with the supporting and adjusting table (1);
a driven chain wheel (29) is rotationally clamped on one side surface of the supporting and adjusting table (1); a traction motor (30) is bolted and fixed on one surface of the supporting and adjusting table (1), one end of an output shaft of the traction motor (30) is welded with a driving chain wheel (31), and the driving chain wheel (31) is in transmission fit with a driven chain wheel (29) through a mounting chain; the driven chain wheel (29) and the driving shaft (28) form a screw rod structure.
2. The cambered surface laser welding equipment based on spacecraft part assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that a supporting column (32) is bolted and fixed on the upper surface of the supporting adjusting table (1), wherein the supporting column (32) is of a telescopic column structure and is an elastic telescopic component; the two opposite side surfaces at the upper end of the supporting column (32) are elastically hinged with supporting plates (33), and the supporting plates (33) are arranged between the traction frame and the supporting and adjusting table (1).
3. The spacecraft fitting-based laser welding arc surface equipment according to claim 2, wherein a backing plate is attached to the inner surface of the clamping groove, and the backing plate is made of rubber.
4. The cambered surface laser welding method based on spacecraft part assembly according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, determining an included angle between two adjacent plates according to the radian or curvature of an arc surface of a part to be processed; then, folding the two groups of clamping frames (3) according to the obtained preset included angle to enable the included angle between the two groups of clamping frames (3) to be the same as the preset included angle;
secondly, inserting the two plates to be welded into the clamping grooves of the two groups of traction groove plates (26) respectively, and clamping and fixing the plates by using a backing plate made of rubber; at the moment, the traction frame carries the plate to be positioned between the support column (32) and the clamping frame (3), and the upper end of the support column (32) and the supporting plate (33) support and tightly abut against the plate;
step three, a traction motor (30), a welding gun (9) and a polishing motor (6) are started simultaneously, under the action of the traction motor (30), the traction frame carries the plate to slide along the direction of the working hinge shaft (4), and sequentially passes through the welding gun (9), the polishing motor (6) and an air cooling cylinder (7), wherein the welding gun (9) keeps a fixed height with the connection part of the plate under the limitation of a limiting roller (12), and laser welding is started; when the welded part passes through the polishing motor (6), the polishing wheel (13) carries the polishing sliver (14) to polish and polish the welding seam; and after finishing polishing, continuously conveying the polished workpiece to the position below the air cooling cylinder (7), and rapidly cooling the polished workpiece under the blowing action of a blowing hood (17).
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| CN202211265505.1A CN115319293B (en) | 2022-10-17 | 2022-10-17 | Arc surface laser welding equipment and method based on spacecraft part assembly |
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| CN116900910B (en) * | 2023-09-12 | 2024-01-30 | 江苏宁博机械制造有限公司 | Metal workpiece polishing device |
| CN117583826B (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-04-05 | 陕西建工泾渭钢结构有限公司 | Intelligent welding device for inner partition plate and application method of intelligent welding device |
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