CN115319119A - Powder-spreading type metal additive manufacturing equipment, substrate calibration device, substrate calibration method and scanning galvanometer calibration method - Google Patents
Powder-spreading type metal additive manufacturing equipment, substrate calibration device, substrate calibration method and scanning galvanometer calibration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115319119A CN115319119A CN202211015316.9A CN202211015316A CN115319119A CN 115319119 A CN115319119 A CN 115319119A CN 202211015316 A CN202211015316 A CN 202211015316A CN 115319119 A CN115319119 A CN 115319119A
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- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 103
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012255 powdered metal Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000003028 elevating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/40—Radiation means
- B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
- B22F12/67—Blades
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to powder-laying type metal additive manufacturing equipment, a substrate calibration device, a substrate calibration method and a scanning galvanometer calibration method, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the inner side of the mounting plate is provided with a containing groove with an open upper end; the lifting platform is positioned in the accommodating groove, and the upper end surface of the lifting platform is defined as an installation surface; and a base plate connected to the mounting surface of the elevating table. Visual datum line is defined out to the datum bar, make the cross marking on the base plate, when the installation calibration, the position of real-time contrast cross marking and datum line, whether coincide the horizontal direction mounted position of snap judgments base plate through cross marking and datum line, the difference in height snap judgments base plate installation through accurate neat metal strip and mounting panel, go out the crossing point snap judgments of crosshair on ruddiness and the base plate through the laser and shake the position error of mirror installation, thus, form base plate and scanning quick calibration of mirror that shakes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser additive manufacturing, in particular to powder-laying type metal additive manufacturing equipment, a substrate calibration device, a substrate calibration method and a scanning galvanometer calibration method.
Background
The three-dimensional printing equipment mainly comprises: fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), polymer jet modeling (Polyjet), laser stereo light solidification modeling (SLA), selective laser melting modeling (SLM), selective laser sintering modeling (SLS), electron Beam Direct Modeling (EBDM) and the like, which generally have similar layer-by-layer stacking stereo modeling process, namely, a melt extrusion head and a micro-nozzle array directional deposition mode or a liquid/powder interface directional scanning mode of laser and electron beam are used for generating sheet-shaped condensate with accurately controllable plane shape, and the three-dimensional stereo modeling is realized through layer-by-layer stacking of the sheet-shaped condensate and an interlayer bonding mechanism. The directional energy scanning device in the laser energy form has inherent characteristics of high speed, high forming resolution and the like, so that the application advantages of three-dimensional printing equipment such as SLA, SLS, SLM and the like are more and more prominent, and the directional energy scanning device is applied in batches in the fields of personalized wearing, medical treatment, aerospace and the like.
Powder-spreading type metal 3D printing belongs to a selective laser melting technology (SLM) and is a main technical approach in metal material additive manufacturing. The technology takes metal powder preset on a powder platform as a raw material, slices the metal powder to generate a track path on the basis of a three-dimensional digital model of a part, melts the powder layer by layer on a series of two-dimensional planes scattered by the three-dimensional model by taking laser as an energy source, and finally manufactures the three-dimensional metal part.
In the working process of powder spreading 3D printing, position calibration is very important work, when the printing is carried out, the origin of the vibrating mirror needs to be completely overlapped with the origin of the center of the substrate, otherwise, printing position deviation can occur in the calibration splicing and even formal printing processes, defects are generated, and the printing quality is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a technical solution in a first aspect, a substrate calibration device for a powder-spreading type metal additive manufacturing apparatus, including:
the inner side of the mounting plate is provided with a containing groove with an open upper end;
the lifting platform is positioned in the accommodating groove, and the upper end surface of the lifting platform is defined as an installation surface;
a base plate connected to a mounting surface of the lift table, and the lift table is provided to be movable in a longitudinal direction to displace the base plate in the longitudinal direction;
the outer wall of each reference bar is provided with a marking line;
the upper end surface of the mounting plate is defined as a horizontal reference surface, a first reference line, a second reference line and a third reference line are defined in the horizontal reference surface, and the first reference line and the third reference line are perpendicular to the second reference line;
a first clamping groove and a second clamping groove are respectively arranged at two intersection points of the extending direction of the first datum line and the edge of the mounting plate, first side faces of the first clamping groove and the second clamping groove are overlapped with the first datum line, a third clamping groove and a fourth clamping groove are respectively arranged at two intersection points of the extending direction of the third datum line and the edge of the mounting plate, and first side faces of the third clamping groove and the fourth clamping groove are overlapped with the third datum line;
when the first end and the second end of the second reference bar are respectively placed in the third card slot and the fourth card slot, the reference side surface of the first reference bar coincides with the first reference line, the reference side surface of the second reference bar coincides with the third reference line, the marking line coincides with the second reference line, and the upper end surface of the reference bar coincides with the horizontal reference plane;
the upper end face of the substrate is provided with a cross-shaped scribed line, when the substrate is installed at the reference position of the installation face, the cross-shaped scribed line is overlapped with the reference side face and the mark line in the direction perpendicular to the horizontal reference face, and the upper end faces of the first reference bar and the second reference bar are overlapped with the horizontal reference face.
Preferably, every the draw-in groove all includes bottom surface, first side, second side and third side, first side and second side are in the opposite face, work as the reference bar sets up in the draw-in groove, first side and second side are respectively the both sides face laminating of reference bar, the terminal surface of reference bar with the laminating of third side.
Preferably, the cross section of the reference bar is rectangular.
Preferably, the widths of the first card slot, the second card slot, the third card slot and the fourth card slot are the same as the width of the reference bar; the depths of the first clamping groove, the second clamping groove, the third clamping groove and the fourth clamping groove are the same as the thickness of the reference bar.
Preferably, the marking line is arranged around the surface of the reference bar in a circle.
Preferably, the marking line comprises a recessed score line, the width of the marking line being less than 0.1mm.
Preferably, four corners of the base plate are provided with first screw holes, four corners of the mounting surface are provided with second screw holes, four corners of the base plate are provided with four bolts, and each bolt penetrates through the first screw hole and the second screw hole to enable the base plate to be mounted on the mounting surface.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a technical solution, a method for calibrating a substrate for powder-coated metal additive manufacturing, using the above substrate calibration apparatus, comprising:
step 1, placing a substrate on the surface of a mounting surface, and mounting four bolts at four corners;
step 2, the lifting platform is lowered to the height that the upper end surface of the substrate is lower than the bottom surface of the clamping groove;
step 3, placing the first reference bar into a first card slot and a second card slot of the mounting plate, and placing the second reference bar into a third card slot and a fourth card slot of the mounting plate, so that the reference side surface of the first reference bar defines a first reference line, the reference side surface of the second reference bar defines a third reference line, and the marking line of the first reference bar defines a second reference line;
step 4, observing a cross-shaped scribed line on the substrate along a direction vertical to the upper end surface of the mounting plate;
step 5, when the cross scribed lines are not overlapped with the first reference line and the second reference line, loosening the bolts, adjusting the position of the substrate to enable the two cross scribed lines to be respectively overlapped with the first reference line and the second reference line, and then tightening the bolts;
step 6, enabling the lifting platform to rise until the upper end face of the substrate is attached to the lower end faces of the first reference bar and the second reference bar;
and 7, defining the first end of the first reference bar as an A point, defining the second end of the second reference bar as a B point, observing and judging the relative heights of the A point and the B point along the direction of the second reference line, loosening/tightening the corresponding bolts to enable the A point and the B point to be positioned at the height of the horizontal reference plane, observing and judging the heights of the first reference bar and the second reference bar along the direction of the first reference line, loosening/tightening the corresponding bolts to enable the upper end surfaces of the first reference bar and the second reference bar to be positioned at the height of the horizontal reference plane.
Preferably, in the step, the substrate is moved in the direction of the first reference line or the second reference line by filling a gap between the substrate and the mounting board with a plurality of thin metal sheets.
The third aspect of the present invention provides a technical solution, in which a powder-spreading type metal additive manufacturing apparatus includes the substrate calibration device of the powder-spreading type metal additive manufacturing apparatus, and further includes:
the laser scanning component comprises a laser and a scanning galvanometer, the laser is used for emitting laser beams, and the scanning galvanometer receives the laser beams emitted by the laser and controls the output laser focus (light spot) to move on the surface of the substrate;
and the powder supply component comprises a powder supply bin and a scraper, and the scraper is arranged to reciprocate to the powder supply bin and the mounting plate and is used for scraping the metal powder in the powder supply bin to the surface of the substrate.
The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a technical solution, a calibration method for a scanning galvanometer of a powder-laying type metal additive manufacturing apparatus, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step a, calibrating a substrate by using the powder-spreading type substrate calibration method for metal additive manufacturing;
b, adjusting the position of the scanning galvanometer to enable the focus (light spot) of the scanning galvanometer to be close to and aligned with the cross reticle intersection point on the substrate;
in the step b, the focus (light spot) of the scanning galvanometer is overlapped with the cross line intersection point by adjusting the installation position of the scanning galvanometer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention defines a visual reference line by setting a reference bar, manufactures a cross mark on a substrate, compares the positions of the cross mark and the reference line in real time during installation and calibration, quickly judges the horizontal installation position of the substrate according to whether the cross mark and the reference line are superposed or not, quickly judges the installation height error of the substrate according to the height difference between a quasi-alignment metal bar and an installation plate, and quickly judges the installation position error of the galvanometer through the intersection point of red light emitted by a laser and the cross line on the substrate, thus forming the quick calibration of the substrate and the scanning galvanometer.
Drawings
The drawings are not intended to be drawn to scale. In the drawings, each identical or nearly identical component that is illustrated in various figures may be represented by a like numeral. For purposes of clarity, not every component may be labeled in every drawing. Embodiments of various aspects of the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a powder-laid metal additive manufacturing apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting plate and the first, second and third reference lines of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the substrate of the present invention shown mounted to a mounting surface uncalibrated;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the fiducial bar of the present invention mounted to a mounting plate;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the substrate of the present invention after being aligned;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the substrate of the present invention shown prior to being bonded to a fiducial bar;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the present invention showing the position of the substrate before alignment along the second datum line;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the present invention showing a position of the substrate before alignment along the first datum line;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the substrate aligned along the second datum line according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the invention shown in a position after alignment of the substrate along the first datum line;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a laser spot impinging on a substrate before adjustment of a scanning galvanometer in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the laser spot projected onto a substrate after adjustment of the scanning galvanometer according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a powder-spreading type metal additive manufacturing apparatus generally includes a printing chamber, a powder supplying chamber, and a laser scanning component, where the printing chamber includes a mounting plate 10, an elevating platform 20, and a substrate 30, the substrate 30 is mounted on a mounting surface 21 of the elevating platform 20, the elevating platform 20 can control the substrate 30 to move in a height direction, the powder supplying chamber 40 can contain metal powder, the powder is scraped to the surface of the substrate 30 by a scraper 50, the laser scanning component scans a predetermined track on the surface of the substrate 30 to melt the powder in the scanning track, after the scanning of the height layer is completed, the elevating platform 20 descends, the scraper 50 spreads the powder on the surface of the substrate 30 again, and then the laser scanning printing of a second height layer is performed, and a product is formed by this layer-by-layer printing additive.
In this process, the scanning trajectory of the laser is spatially pre-positioned by a program, and therefore, the substrate 30 needs to be positioned to a reference position before printing, and the substrate 30 needs to be detached every product replacement, and therefore, the alignment and positioning of the substrate 30 determines the efficiency of the continuous operation.
The base plate 30 is connected with the lifting table 20 through four bolts at four corners, in the installation process of the base plate 30 in the past, position deviation and height deviation (the diameter of the bolt is 17.5mm, and an error of 2mm at most can be generated) are easily generated in the installation process of the bolts at the corners, the material increase required precision is 50 micrometers, the size of a gap between the base plate and the installation plate needs to be compared manually by means of a metal sheet to calibrate the horizontal position, and the horizontal height of the base plate 30 is compared through the horizontal movement of the scraper 50. The process is complicated and fussy, and because the scraper has elastic deformation, at the removal in-process, do not have pressure detection, can only judge through the naked eye, the rate of accuracy is low.
Therefore, the invention aims to establish an intuitive position detection reference on the mounting plate 10 and the substrate 30, can realize instant feedback, can greatly save the time for mounting the substrate when the mounting positioning of the substrate is leveled and the mounting origin of the galvanometer is calibrated, improves the efficiency and the accuracy of mounting the substrate, and verifies the mounting results of the galvanometer and the collimation.
[ SUBSTRATE CALIBRATING DEVICE FOR POWDER-LAYING METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING APPARATUS ]
Referring to fig. 1-2, a first aspect of the present invention provides a substrate calibration apparatus for a powder-coated metal additive manufacturing apparatus, which mainly includes a mounting plate 10, a lifting table 20, a substrate 30, and two reference bars 32.
In the figure, a receiving groove with an open upper end is formed inside the mounting plate 10, the lifting platform 20 is located in the receiving groove, the upper end surface of the lifting platform 20 is defined as a mounting surface 21, the substrate 30 is connected to the mounting surface 21 of the lifting platform 20, and the lifting platform 20 is configured to be capable of moving along the longitudinal direction to enable the substrate 30 to be displaced along the longitudinal direction.
First screw holes are formed in four corners of the base plate 30, second screw holes are formed in four corners of the mounting surface 21, four bolts 31 are arranged in four corners of the base plate 30, and each bolt 31 penetrates through the first screw holes and the second screw holes to enable the base plate 30 to be mounted on the mounting surface 21.
Since the diameter of the bolt 31 used is 17.5mm and the error between the bolt 31 and the screw hole is within 2mm, it is necessary to set the base plate 30 at the reference position by adjusting it several times.
Defining a reference plane
As shown in fig. 3, the upper end surface of the mounting plate 10 is defined as a horizontal reference surface, and a first reference line 101, a second reference line 102 and a third reference line 103 are defined in the horizontal reference surface, and the first reference line 101 and the third reference line 103 are perpendicular to the second reference line 102; thus, two crisscrossing lines are established, forming two fiducials.
Further, in order to visualize the reference line, a first engaging groove 11 and a second engaging groove 12 are respectively disposed at two intersection points along the extending direction of the first reference line 101 and the edge of the mounting plate 10, first side surfaces of the first engaging groove 11 and the second engaging groove 12 are overlapped with the first reference line 101, a third engaging groove 13 and a fourth engaging groove 14 are respectively disposed at two intersection points along the extending direction of the third reference line 103 and the edge of the mounting plate 10, and first side surfaces of the third engaging groove 13 and the fourth engaging groove 14 are overlapped with the third reference line 103.
Therein, two reference bars 32 are provided, and the outer wall of each reference bar 32 is provided with a marking line 322. When the first end and the second end of the first reference bar are placed in the first card slot 11 and the second card slot 12, respectively, and the first end and the second end of the second reference bar are placed in the third card slot 13 and the fourth card slot 14, respectively, in a direction perpendicular to the horizontal reference plane, the reference side surface 321 of the first reference bar coincides with the first reference line 101, the reference side surface 321 of the second reference bar coincides with the third reference line 103, the marking line 322 coincides with the second reference line 102, and the upper end surface of the reference bar 32 coincides with the horizontal reference plane.
In this way, the first reference line 101 and the third reference line 103 are visualized by the reference side surface 321 of the reference bar 32, and the second reference line 102 is visualized by the mark line 322 on the reference bar 32, which can be used as a reference for calibrating the position of the substrate 30.
Further, the upper end surface of the substrate 30 is provided with two cross-shaped scribed lines 301, and when the substrate 30 is mounted at the reference position on the mounting surface 21, the cross-shaped scribed lines 301 are overlapped with the reference side surfaces 321 and the mark lines 322 in the direction perpendicular to the horizontal reference surface, and the upper end surfaces of the first reference bar and the second reference bar are overlapped with the horizontal reference surface.
In order to ensure the standard property of the reference bar 32 as a reference line, the reference side 321 of the reference bar 32 has a relatively fixed positional relationship with the mounting plate 10 each time the reference bar 32 is removed and mounted. The card slot preferably accurately positions and positions the reference bar 32.
In an alternative embodiment, each card slot includes a bottom surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, and a third side surface, the first side surface and the second side surface being opposite surfaces, the first side surface and the second side surface respectively engaging two side surfaces of the reference bar 32 when the reference bar 32 is disposed in the card slot, and an end surface of the reference bar 32 engaging the third side surface.
In this way, when the first end and the second end of the reference bar 32 are respectively installed in the first card slot 11, the second card slot 12, the third card slot 13, and the fourth card slot 14, the reference side 321 of the reference bar 32 always coincides with the first reference line 101 or the third reference line 103, and the mark line 322 always coincides with the second reference line 102.
The cross section of the reference bar 32 may be selected to be rectangular, and the reference bar 32 is made of a material that is not easily deformed, for example, a stainless steel bar, and optionally, the cross-sectional dimension of the stainless steel bar is 10 × 15mm.
In a specific embodiment, the widths of the first card slot 11, the second card slot 12, the third card slot 13 and the fourth card slot 14 are the same as the width of the reference bar 32, and are 10mm; the depth of the first card slot 11, the second card slot 12, the third card slot 13, and the fourth card slot 14 is the same as the thickness of the fiducial bar 32, and is 15mm.
In a preferred embodiment, the marker line 322 is positioned around the surface of the fiducial bar 32 such that the marker line 322 is always visible to the operator when the fiducial bar 32 is placed in the card slot on either the front or back side.
Preferably, the mark line 322 includes a concave line, and the width of the mark line is less than 0.1mm, so that the mark line 322 is not easily scratched or abraded, and the resolution ratio is high, which facilitates the alignment of the substrate 30.
[ CALIBRATION METHOD FOR POWDER-LAYING METAL ADDITIVE MATERIAL PRODUCTION SUBSTRATE ]
The second aspect of the present invention provides a technical solution, a method for calibrating a substrate for powder-coated metal additive manufacturing, using the above substrate calibration apparatus, comprising:
step 1, placing a substrate 30 on the surface of a mounting surface 21, and mounting four bolts 31 at four corners;
step 2, the lifting platform 20 is lowered to the height that the upper end surface of the substrate 30 is lower than the bottom surface of the clamping groove;
step 3, placing the first reference bar into the first card slot 11 and the second card slot 12 of the mounting plate 10, and placing the second reference bar into the third card slot 13 and the fourth card slot 14 of the mounting plate 10, so that the reference side surface 321 of the first reference bar defines a first reference line 101, the reference side surface 321 of the second reference bar defines a third reference line 103, and the marking line 322 of the first reference bar defines a second reference line 102;
step 4, observing a cross-shaped reticle 301 on the substrate 30 along a direction perpendicular to the upper end face of the mounting plate 10;
step 5, when the cross-shaped scribed lines 301 are not overlapped with the first reference line 101 and the second reference line 102, loosening the bolts 31, adjusting the position of the substrate 30 to enable the two cross-shaped scribed lines 301 to be respectively overlapped with the first reference line 101 and the second reference line 102, and then tightening the bolts 31;
step 6, enabling the lifting platform 20 to rise until the upper end face of the substrate 30 is attached to the lower end faces of the first reference bar and the second reference bar;
and 7, defining the first end of the first reference bar as a point A, defining the second end of the second reference bar as a point B, observing and judging the relative heights of the point A and the point B along the direction of the second reference line 102, loosening/tightening the corresponding bolt 31 to enable the point A and the point B to be positioned at the height of the horizontal reference plane, observing and judging the heights of the first reference bar and the second reference bar along the direction of the first reference line 101, and loosening/tightening the corresponding bolt 31 to enable the upper end surfaces of the first reference bar and the second reference bar to be positioned at the height of the horizontal reference plane.
In a specific embodiment:
referring to fig. 3, the substrate 30 is placed on the surface of the mounting surface 21, four bolts 31 are installed at four corners, each bolt 31 is tightened, and the lifting platform 20 is controlled to descend to a height that the upper end surface of the substrate 30 is lower than the bottom surface of the card slot;
in-plane X-Y calibration
As shown in fig. 4, the first reference bar is placed in the first card slot 11 and the second card slot 12 of the mounting plate 10, and the second reference bar is placed in the third card slot 13 and the fourth card slot 14 of the mounting plate 10, and as shown in the figure, the horizontal line of the cross-shaped scribed line 301 on the substrate 30 coincides with the marking line 322, but the vertical line is deviated to the left of the reference side 321, so that the bolt 31 is loosened first, the substrate 30 is gradually moved to the right by filling the thin metal sheet into the gap between the left side of the substrate 30 and the mounting plate 10 until the vertical line coincides with the reference side 321, and as shown in fig. 5, the loose bolt 31 is tightened, and the filled thin metal sheet is drawn out.
Calibration in vertical direction
Further, as shown in fig. 6, the lifting table 20 is controlled to move upward, so that the upper end surface of the substrate 30 is attached to the lower end surfaces of the first reference bar and the second reference bar, as shown in fig. 7, at this time, the relative heights of the point a and the point B are observed and determined along the second reference line 102, and it can be seen that the height of the point B is higher, and then, the height of the point D is higher than the height of the point C as shown in fig. 8, and the relative heights of the point a and the point B are observed and determined along the first reference line 101; therefore, the two bolts 31 on the right side are further rotated clockwise, so that the base plate 30 is adjusted as shown in fig. 9 and 10, and the alignment of the base plate 30 is completed.
[ POWDER-LAYING METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING APPARATUS ]
The third aspect of the present invention provides a technical solution, in which a powder-spreading type metal additive manufacturing apparatus includes the substrate calibration device of the powder-spreading type metal additive manufacturing apparatus, and further includes:
a laser scanning component, which comprises a laser 60 and a scanning galvanometer 70, wherein the laser 60 is used for emitting laser beams, and the scanning galvanometer 70 is used for receiving the laser beams emitted by the laser 60 and controlling the output laser focus (light spot) to move on the surface of the substrate 30;
and the powder supply component comprises a powder supply bin 40 and a scraper 50, and the scraper 50 is arranged to reciprocate between the powder supply bin 40 and the mounting plate 10 and is used for scraping the metal powder in the powder supply bin 40 to the surface of the substrate 30.
In an alternative embodiment, the powder-laying metal additive manufacturing equipment comprises two sets of laser scanning components, and the focal points (light spots) of the two scanning galvanometers 70 are respectively overlapped with the intersection points of the first reference line 101 and the second reference line 102 and the intersection points of the third reference line 103 and the second reference line 102, and additive machining is carried out simultaneously.
[ CALIBRATION METHOD FOR SCANNING OSCILLATING MIRROR OF POWDER-LAYING METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT ]
The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a technical solution, a calibration method for a scanning galvanometer of a powder-laying type metal additive manufacturing apparatus, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step a, calibrating a substrate 30 by using the powder-spreading type substrate calibration method for metal additive manufacturing;
b, adjusting the position of the scanning galvanometer 70 to enable the focus (light spot) of the scanning galvanometer 70 to be close to and aligned with the cross reticle 301 intersection point on the substrate 30;
in step b, the focal point (light spot) of the scanning galvanometer 70 is overlapped with the intersection of the cross-shaped reticle 301 by adjusting the mounting position of the scanning galvanometer 70.
Further, the focal points (light spots) of the two scanning galvanometers 70 are adjusted to coincide with the intersection of the two cross-shaped scribed lines 301 on the substrate 30, so that the focal points (light spots) of the two scanning galvanometers 70 are adjusted.
In a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 11, the focus (light spot) of the first scanning galvanometer coincides with the intersection of the reticle, and the focus (light spot) of the second scanning galvanometer coincides with the intersection of the reticle. The mounting position of the first scanning galvanometer does not satisfy the condition, and the mounting position of the second scanning galvanometer satisfies the condition. The operator needs to power off the device and then readjust the installation position of the first galvanometer scanner. The focal point (light spot) emitted from the first galvanometer mirror is overlapped with the intersection of the cross lines, as shown in fig. 12.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (11)
1. A base plate calibrating device of powder-laying formula metal vibration material disk equipment which characterized in that includes:
the mounting plate (10), the inboard of the said mounting plate (10) has holding tanks with open upper ends;
the lifting platform (20) is positioned in the accommodating groove, and the upper end face of the lifting platform (20) is defined as an installation face (21);
a base plate (30) connected to a mounting surface of the lift table (20), and the lift table (20) is provided to be movable in a longitudinal direction to displace the base plate (30) in the longitudinal direction;
two reference bars (32), wherein the outer wall of each reference bar (32) is provided with a marking line (322);
the upper end face of the mounting plate (10) is defined as a horizontal reference plane, a first reference line (101), a second reference line (102) and a third reference line (103) are defined in the horizontal reference plane, and the first reference line (101) and the third reference line (103) are perpendicular to the second reference line (102);
a first clamping groove (11) and a second clamping groove (12) are respectively arranged at two intersection points of the extending direction of the first reference line (101) and the edge of the mounting plate (10), first side faces of the first clamping groove (11) and the second clamping groove (12) are overlapped with the first reference line (101), a third clamping groove (13) and a fourth clamping groove (14) are respectively arranged at two intersection points of the extending direction of the third reference line (103) and the edge of the mounting plate (10), and first side faces of the third clamping groove (13) and the fourth clamping groove (14) are overlapped with the third reference line (103);
when the first end and the second end of the first datum bar are respectively placed in the first card slot (11) and the second card slot (12), and the first end and the second end of the second datum bar are respectively placed in the third card slot (13) and the fourth card slot (14), in the direction perpendicular to a horizontal datum plane, a datum side surface (321) of the first datum bar is overlapped with the first datum line (101), a datum side surface (321) of the second datum bar is overlapped with the third datum line (103), the marking line (322) is overlapped with the second datum line (102), and an upper end surface of the datum bar (32) is overlapped with the horizontal datum plane;
the upper end face of the substrate (30) is provided with two cross-shaped scribed lines (301), when the substrate (30) is installed at the reference position of the installation face (21), the cross-shaped scribed lines (301) are overlapped with a reference side face (321) and a mark line (322) in the direction perpendicular to the horizontal reference face, and the upper end faces of the first reference bar and the second reference bar are overlapped with the horizontal reference face.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of slots comprises a bottom surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, and a third side surface, the first side surface and the second side surface being opposite surfaces, the first side surface and the second side surface being attached to the respective side surfaces of the datum bar (32) when the datum bar is disposed in the slot, the end surface of the datum bar (32) being attached to the third side surface.
3. The substrate calibration apparatus of a powder-laid metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a cross section of the reference bar (32) is rectangular.
4. The substrate calibration apparatus of the powder-laid metal additive manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein widths of the first card slot (11), the second card slot (12), the third card slot (13), and the fourth card slot (14) are the same as a width of the reference bar (32); the depths of the first clamping groove (11), the second clamping groove (12), the third clamping groove (13) and the fourth clamping groove (14) are the same as the thickness of the reference bar (32).
5. The base plate calibration device of a powder-laid metal additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the marking line (322) is disposed around a circumference of a surface of the fiducial bar (32).
6. The substrate calibration apparatus of a powdered metal additive manufacturing device according to claim 5, wherein the marking line (322) comprises a recessed line, the marking line having a width of less than 0.1mm.
7. The base plate calibration device of the powder-laid metal additive manufacturing equipment according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein four corners of the base plate (30) are provided with first screw holes, four corners of the mounting surface (21) are provided with second screw holes, four corners of the base plate (30) are provided with four bolts (31), and each bolt (31) passes through the first screw hole and the second screw hole to enable the base plate (30) to be mounted on the mounting surface (21).
8. A method for calibrating a substrate for powder-coated metal additive manufacturing, wherein the substrate calibration apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used, and the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, placing a substrate (30) on the surface of a mounting surface (21), and mounting four bolts (31) at four corners;
step 2, the lifting platform (20) is lowered to a height that the upper end surface of the base plate (30) is lower than the bottom surface of the clamping groove;
step 3, placing the first reference bar into a first card slot (11) and a second card slot (12) of the mounting plate (10), placing the second reference bar into a third card slot (13) and a fourth card slot (14) of the mounting plate (10), enabling a reference side surface (321) of the first reference bar to define a first reference line (101), a reference side surface (321) of the second reference bar to define a third reference line (103), and a marking line (322) of the first reference bar to define a second reference line (102);
step 4, observing a cross-shaped reticle (301) on the substrate (30) along a direction vertical to the upper end surface of the mounting plate (10);
step 5, when the cross-shaped scribed lines (301) are not overlapped with the first reference line (101) and the second reference line (102), loosening the bolts (31), adjusting the position of the base plate (30), enabling the two cross-shaped scribed lines (301) to be respectively overlapped with the first reference line (101) and the second reference line (102), and then tightening the bolts (31);
step 6, enabling the lifting platform (20) to rise until the upper end face of the substrate (30) is attached to the lower end faces of the first reference bar and the second reference bar;
and 7, defining the first end of the first reference bar as an A point, the second end of the second reference bar as a B point, observing and judging the relative heights of the A point and the B point along the direction of a second reference line (102), loosening/tightening the corresponding bolt (31) to enable the A point and the B point to be positioned at the height of the horizontal reference plane, observing and judging the heights of the first reference bar and the second reference bar along the direction of a first reference line (101), loosening/tightening the corresponding bolt (31) to enable the upper end faces of the first reference bar and the second reference bar to be positioned at the height of the horizontal reference plane.
9. The method for calibrating a substrate for powder-laid metal additive manufacturing according to claim 8, wherein in step 5, the substrate (30) is moved in the direction of the first reference line (101) or the second reference line (102) by filling a gap between the substrate (30) and the mounting plate (10) with a plurality of thin metal sheets.
10. A powdered metal additive manufacturing apparatus comprising the substrate calibration device of the powdered metal additive manufacturing apparatus of any one of claims 1-7, further comprising:
the laser scanning component comprises a laser (60) and a scanning galvanometer (70), the laser (60) is used for emitting laser beams, and the scanning galvanometer (70) receives the laser beams emitted by the laser (60) and controls the output laser focus (light spot) to move on the surface of the substrate (30);
the powder supply component comprises a powder supply bin (40) and a scraper (50), wherein the scraper (50) is arranged to move to and fro between the powder supply bin (40) and the mounting plate (10) and is used for scraping and conveying metal powder in the powder supply bin (40) to the surface of the substrate (30).
11. The method for calibrating a scanning galvanometer of a powder-laid metal additive manufacturing apparatus of claim 10, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step a, calibrating a substrate (30) by using the method for calibrating a powder-coated metal additive manufacturing substrate according to claim 8;
b, adjusting the position of the scanning galvanometer (70), and enabling the focus (light spot) of the scanning galvanometer (70) to be close to and aligned with the cross reticle (301) intersection point on the substrate (30);
in the step b, the focus (light spot) of the scanning galvanometer (70) is overlapped with the cross point of the cross reticle (301) by adjusting the installation position of the scanning galvanometer (70).
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