CN115318116B - 一种用于苯甲醛绿色制备的聚醚砜复合膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于苯甲醛绿色制备的聚醚砜复合膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 title claims description 74
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 title claims description 59
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229960003351 prussian blue Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000013225 prussian blue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);iron(3+);octadecacyanide Chemical compound [Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-].N#[C-] DCYOBGZUOMKFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920012266 Poly(ether sulfone) PES Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- KVBYPTUGEKVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-diol;formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 KVBYPTUGEKVEIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 5
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 54
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-HHDP-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC1C(O)C2OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000001263 FEMA 3042 Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N Penta-digallate-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)pyridin-3-amine Chemical compound NC1=CC=CN=C1OC1=CC=C(F)C=C1F LCPVQAHEFVXVKT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-ol;titanium Chemical compound [Ti].CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO.CCCCO FPCJKVGGYOAWIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium persulfate Substances [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O CHQMHPLRPQMAMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- FPYUJUBAXZAQNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzaldehyde Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1C=O FPYUJUBAXZAQNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007146 photocatalysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- DGXAGETVRDOQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dihydroxybenzaldehyde Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1C=O DGXAGETVRDOQFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004584 polyacrylic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-KWCOIAHCSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical group O=[11CH]C1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-KWCOIAHCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 2
- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M methyl orange Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940012189 methyl orange Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229960000907 methylthioninium chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibenzyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COCC1=CC=CC=C1 MHDVGSVTJDSBDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N periodic acid Chemical compound OI(=O)(=O)=O KHIWWQKSHDUIBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/66—Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/68—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0011—Casting solutions therefor
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0013—Casting processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/122—Separate manufacturing of ultra-thin membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
- B01J27/26—Cyanides
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/725—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation by catalytic oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
- C07C45/29—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation of hydroxy groups
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- B01D2325/022—Asymmetric membranes
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于无氯苯甲醛绿色制备的复合膜的制备方法和产品。首先通过一步相分离成膜方法制备了聚醚砜(PES)膜,然后经多步改性和原位晶体生长,在膜孔中负载了普鲁士蓝晶体(PB)纳米粒子,赋予膜催化性能,然后将间苯二酚甲醛树脂沉积在催化膜表面,最终制备得到了具有光催化和芬顿氧化功能耦合的双层复合膜。该复合膜能在太阳光照射下直接将苯甲醇氧化为苯甲醛,实现苯甲醛的绿色制备。此外,所制备的复合膜在太阳光照射下能直接将水体中染料等有机污染物降解,在污水处理等方面也具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于无氯苯甲醛绿色生产的复合膜及其制备方法,由一层为聚醚砜与普鲁士蓝(PB)纳米粒子和另一层为聚丙烯酸(PAA)-间苯二酚甲醛树脂组成的平板复合膜及其制备方法,属于聚合物科学与技术领域。
背景技术
苯甲醛作为重要的化工中间体,广泛应用于多种精细化工领域。传统苯甲醛的生产以氯化水解法为主,生产过程中易排放有毒气体,产物含氯且去除困难,不适合用在医药、香料等领域。选择苯甲醇液相催化氧化法制备苯甲醛,反应工艺操作简便、条件温和、产物不含氯,是一种具有广泛应用前景的方法。然而,传统使用的氧化剂高锰酸盐、重铬酸盐、高碘酸,次氯酸钠等容易造成环境污染,而且容易将苯甲醇深度氧化为苯甲酸。选择过氧化氢替代传统重金属氧化剂,生产过程环境友好,满足绿色可持续发展的要求。
然而,过氧化氢氧化能力较弱,不能很好地将苯甲醇直接氧化为苯甲醛,因此在反应中通常需要加入高活性的钯纳米粒子进行催化转化。然而,钯纳米粒子粒径较小,反应过程中易聚集引起催化效率下降;反应结束后,催化剂又难以从反应体系分离,且重复利用时损失严重。聚合物膜丰富的内部孔隙和大比表面积可以为催化剂提供大量的附着位点,使催化剂附着后不易脱落和具有高效催化活性,而且其良好的机械性能和化学稳定性有利于催化剂的重复使用。同传统方法比较,操作过程不需要分离催化剂,而且在双氧水氧化苯甲醇制苯甲醛的反应中可大大减小油水两相直接接触,有利于提高转化选择性和减少反应后的分离操作成本。
聚醚砜(PES)具有优良的化学稳定性,室温下不受酸、碱等腐蚀,同时还具有优良的热稳定性和机械强度,是一种综合性能良好的分离膜材料。PES膜已经广泛应用于化工、生化、电子、食品、纺织等工业领域。尽管如此,纯PES膜的应用主要还集中在分离方面,一些新的功能及应用还需要进一步开发。将钯纳米粒子负载到PES膜上,可以解决纳米粒子难分离回收的缺点,提高催化反应活性。同时,聚合物膜可进行连续运行,确保操作稳定。近年来,一些研究报道了负载有贵金属纳米粒子的催化膜用于催化氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛,然而外加的过氧化氢遇到金属纳米粒子极易发生剧烈分解,使大量的过氧化氢没有真正用于氧化苯甲醇为苯甲醛的反应中,造成了极大浪费。为了进一步避免过氧化氢原料的浪费,需要制备新型结构的催化膜以降低反应成本。本发明拟设计制备一种双层结构复合膜产生过氧化氢,同时催化氧化苯甲醇为苯甲醛。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种适用于苯甲醇绿色制备苯甲醛的复合膜及所述膜的特殊制备方法。本发明所设计制备的一种聚醚砜-普鲁士蓝纳米粒子/PAA-间苯二酚甲醛树脂双层复合膜,其特征在于该膜一层为聚醚砜与普鲁士蓝(PB)纳米粒子按照质量比86.19-87.21∶12.79-13.81组成膜催化层,厚度为0.192±0.05mm,孔隙率为81.43±1.02%,孔径为150.00±20.45nm;另一层为聚丙烯酸-间苯二酚甲醛树脂组成;该膜厚度为0.203-0.255mm,孔隙率为70.20-79.0nm,孔径5.52-32.30nm。
本发明中,将膜置于水和苯甲醇的油水界面处,膜一层中的间苯二酚甲醛树脂在太阳光照射下产生过氧化氢;产生的双氧水在膜另一层遇到PB纳米粒子时发生反应形成羟基自由基,将该层中的苯甲醇氧化为苯甲醛。因此,本发明的突出优点在于:①能够光照产生过氧化氢,②通过芬顿氧化反应能将苯甲醇催化氧化成苯甲醛。
通过本发明制备的复合膜,过氧化氢的产生和芬顿氧化反应的进行被完美地结合在一起。与用于通过苯甲醇制备苯甲醛的其它结构的复合膜相比,本发明所制备的复合膜使苯甲醛的制备过程绿色环保,苯甲醛产物产率高;与通过苯甲醇制备苯甲醛的其它过程相比,过程中无需添加过氧化氢氧化剂,原料成本低,产物与系统分离容易,膜重复使用方便。因此,本发明的另一个优点是苯甲醇制备苯甲醛成本低,过程简单,便于大规模绿色生产。
本发明解决所述产品制备方法技术问题的技术方案是:在PES膜的膜孔中装载PB晶体纳米粒子,得到复合膜一层;然后构建另一层为PAA-间苯二酚甲醛树脂,具有太阳光催化活性的膜层,从而设计制备一种双层复合膜用于苯甲醇液相氧化绿色制备苯甲醛,包括如下步骤:
a)PES膜制备:将PES铸膜液在干燥洁净的平整玻璃板上刮制成液膜,随后浸没在80℃的去离子水中凝固成形,蒸馏水中浸泡24h(间隔8h更换一次蒸馏水),得到PES膜;
b)PB@PES膜的制备:将步骤a)制得的PES膜浸泡在单宁酸和聚乙烯亚胺的混合溶液中5h(pH=3),然后调节pH至6.5,继续浸泡1h,然后转移到300mL的Ti4+溶液中浸泡1h,再在含有[Fe(CN)6]4 -溶液和Fe3+溶液中交替浸泡6次(每次2h),然后于60℃下在含有[Fe(CN)6]4 -和Fe3+的混合溶液中浸泡12h,得到PB@PES膜;
c)间苯二酚甲醛树脂的制备:将400-900mg间苯二酚和0.58-1.58mL甲醛溶解在60mL蒸馏水中,加入0.460mL 25-28wt%的氨水,室温下搅拌得到乳白色溶液,然后在250℃加热24h,得到间苯二酚甲醛树脂;
d)复合膜的制备:将步骤b)制得的PB@PES膜一表面用紫外灯照射15min,然后浸泡在丙烯酸(AA)溶液内30min,再置于80℃烘箱内4h,然后将膜该表面浸泡在步骤c)制得的间苯二酚甲醛树脂分散液内30min,接着在80℃放置12h,得到所述复合膜。
本发明意义上,所述的PES铸膜液是采用如下方法制备:
将4.5-5.7gPES溶解在8.4g N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)与14.0-19.3g聚乙二醇(PEG)的混合溶液中,室温下磁力搅拌12h,真空脱泡2h,得到PES铸膜液;
本发明意义上,所述的单宁酸和聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)混合溶液组成为:单宁酸(TA)2-5mg/mL,聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)2-5mg/mL,溶剂为300mL去离子水;
本发明意义上,所述的Ti4+溶液制备:0.55-1.25g钛酸丁酯溶于300mL蒸馏水中,再加入2-7mL 36-38wt%的盐酸,得到Ti4+溶液;
本发明意义上,所述的[Fe(CN)6]4 -溶液组成为:Na4Fe(CN)6·10H2O为0.004-0.01g/mL,溶剂为100mL去离子水;
本发明意义上,所述的Fe3+溶液组成为:FeCl3·6H2O,0.01-0.04g/mL,溶剂为100mL去离子水;
本发明意义上,所述的[Fe(CN)6]4 -和Fe3+的混合溶液组成为:Na4Fe(CN)6·10H2O为0.009g/mL,FeCl3·6H2O为0.03g/mL,溶剂为100mL去离子水;
本发明意义上,所述的AA溶液组成为:丙烯酸10-30g,过硫酸钠1.0g,去离子水29.46mL,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯8.46g,搅拌成均匀的混合溶液;
本发明意义上,所述的间苯二酚甲醛树脂分散液通过如下方法制备:
将0.3g步骤c)制得的间苯二酚甲醛树脂分散在100mL蒸馏水中,超声30nin,得到间苯二酚甲醛树脂分散液。
本发明设计制备的一种PES双层复合膜,该膜是由聚醚砜和普鲁士蓝(PB)纳米粒子层和PAA-间苯二酚甲醛树脂层两层组成,通过多步法制得。多步法由本发明所述的制备方法所规定。
本发明中,所述复合膜为聚醚砜-普鲁士蓝纳米粒子/PAA-间苯二酚甲醛树脂双层复合膜,该膜一层为聚醚砜与普鲁士蓝(PB)纳米粒子按照质量比86.19-87.21∶12.79-13.81组成膜催化层,厚度为0.192±0.05mm,孔隙率为81.43±1.02%,孔径150.00±20.45nm;另一层为聚丙烯酸-间苯二酚甲醛树脂组成;该膜厚度为0.203-0.255mm,孔隙率为70.20-79.0%,孔径5.52-32.30nm。
本发明中,所述复合膜表面较为致密,断面结构分为两层,一层为PAA-间苯二酚甲醛树脂;一层为聚醚砜与普鲁士蓝(PB)纳米粒子层、多海绵孔,且孔内含大量普鲁士蓝晶体。膜表面和断面尺寸,结构等可以通过改变制膜条件,组成等来进行调节。
本发明中,由于间苯二酚甲醛树脂位于膜上层,膜上层能够在太阳光照射下在水环境下产生过氧化氢;同时,膜下层普鲁士蓝晶体能够与过氧化氢反应生成羟基自由基,将苯甲醇氧化成苯甲醛。这样,所制得的双层复合膜具有耦合过氧化氢产生和苯甲醇催化氧化为苯甲醛的功能。在苯甲醇催化氧化制苯甲醛时,将复合膜置于水和苯甲醇界面,以PAA-间苯二酚甲醛树脂层接触水相,聚醚砜与普鲁士蓝(PB)纳米粒子层接触苯甲醇油相。在太阳光照射下,与水相接触的间苯二酚甲醛树脂产生过氧化氢,渗透到聚醚砜与普鲁士蓝(PB)纳米粒子层,形成羟基自由基,氧化苯甲醇为苯甲醛。产物苯甲醛通过油相渗透,离开聚醚砜与普鲁士蓝(PB)纳米粒子膜层,回到油相。随着反应不断进行,油相苯甲醛含量不断升高,最后通过油相直接排除体系。
本发明复合膜的制备方法工艺简单,所用的试剂均为常规试剂,所用设备简单,易于工业化实施;通过本发明制备的膜和反应过程耦合能方便产生苯甲醛,反应过程不需要添加双氧水和其它氧化剂添加剂,过程绿色环保,避免了苯甲醇与苯甲醛和水相的大量混合,提高了分离效率,大大节约了分离成本。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种双层复合膜及其制备方法。该膜是选用聚醚砜与普鲁士蓝(PB)纳米粒子作为膜一层,PAA-间苯二酚甲醛树脂作为膜另一层,通过多步制备而得。其设计原理是首先制备聚醚砜-普鲁士蓝(PB)纳米粒子膜,然后通过原位聚合引入PAA交联高分子,再沉积间苯二酚甲醛树脂。所制得的复合膜PAA-间苯二酚甲醛树脂层具有光催化性能,在太阳光照射下能将水催化氧化为过氧化氢;聚醚砜-普鲁士蓝(PB)层具有大海绵孔,利于PB负载和苯甲醇及苯甲醛渗透传递,其中PB能将过氧化氢分解为羟基自由基,氧化苯甲醇为苯甲醛。膜两层通过PAA聚合物作用而牢固结合在一起。本发明制备方法具体是选择聚醚砜,通过溶液相转化成膜方法得到全海绵孔的PES膜,然后原位装载PB于海绵孔中,再通过引入交联PAA和沉积间苯二酚甲醛树脂。由于位于膜一层的PAA-间苯二酚甲醛树脂具有光催化性能,能够将水催化氧化为过氧化氢;膜另一层的聚醚砜与普鲁士蓝(PB)纳米粒子具有催化分解过氧化氢为羟基自由基,氧化苯甲醇为苯甲醛的能力,所制备的膜同时具有产生过氧化氢氧化剂,催化氧化苯甲醇为苯甲醛的功能。因此,本发明的产品可以同时具有反应和催化耦合性能,是一种新的聚醚砜(PES)复合膜分离材料。
本发明所述的复合膜制备过程中,所得到的膜要用纯水反复清洗,目的在于除去膜中残留的溶剂及各种添加剂。
本发明说述的方法虽然优先选聚醚砜(PES)平板膜,但它同样适用于其它形式的膜,包括管式膜,中空纤维膜等其它形式,并以此来制备相应的聚醚砜(PES)复合膜。
下面介绍本发明的具体实施例:
实施例1.
(1)PES膜制备:将5.7g PES溶解在8.4g N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)与19.3g聚乙二醇(PEG)的混合溶液中,室温下磁力搅拌12h,真空脱泡2h,形成铸膜液,然后将其在干燥而洁净的平整玻璃板上刮制成液膜,随后浸没在80℃的去离子水中凝固成形,蒸馏水中浸泡24h(间隔8h更换一次蒸馏水),得到PES膜;
(2)PB@PES膜的制备:将制得的PES膜浸泡在300mL单宁酸和聚乙烯亚胺的混合溶液中5h(单宁酸为2mg/mL,聚乙烯亚胺为2mg/mL,溶剂为去离子水,pH=3),然后调节pH至6.5,继续浸泡1h,然后转移到300mL Ti4+溶液中浸泡1h(1.0271g钛酸丁酯,4mL 36-38wt%的盐酸,300mL蒸馏水),再在100mL[Fe(CN)6]4 -溶液(Na4Fe(CN)6·10H2O为0.009g/mL,溶剂为去离子水)和100mL Fe3+溶液(FeCl3·6H2O,0.03g/mL,溶剂为去离子水)中交替浸泡6次(每次2h),然后于60℃下在100mL[Fe(CN)6]4 -和Fe3+的混合溶液中浸泡12h(Na4Fe(CN)6·10H2O为0.009g/mL,FeCl3·6H2O为0.03g/mL,溶剂为去离子水),得到PB@PES膜;
(3)间苯二酚甲醛树脂的制备:将792mg间苯二酚和1.080mL甲醛溶解在60mL蒸馏水中,加入0.46mL 25-28wt%的氨水,室温下搅拌得到乳白色溶液,然后在250℃加热24h,得到间苯二酚甲醛树脂;
(4)复合膜的制备:将PB@PES膜用紫外灯照射15min,然后浸泡在丙烯酸(AA)溶液内30min(丙烯酸20g,过硫酸钠1g,去离子水29.46mL,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯8.46g),再置于80℃烘箱内4h,然后将膜一面浸泡在间苯二酚甲醛树脂分散液内30min(间苯二酚甲醛树脂分散在100mL蒸馏水中,超声30nin,得到间苯二酚甲醛树脂分散液),接着在80℃放置12h,得到所述双层复合膜。
实施例2.
(1)PES膜制备:将5.0g PES溶解在8.4g N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)与19.3g聚乙二醇(PEG)的混合溶液中,室温下磁力搅拌12h,真空脱泡2h,形成铸膜液,然后将其在干燥而洁净的平整玻璃板上刮制成液膜,随后浸没在80℃的去离子水中凝固成形,蒸馏水中浸泡24h(间隔8h更换一次蒸馏水),得到PES膜;
(2)同实施例1;
(3)同实施例1;
(4)同实施例1.
实施例3.
(1)PES膜制备:将4.5g PES溶解在8.4g N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)与19.3g聚乙二醇(PEG)的混合溶液中,室温下磁力搅拌12h,真空脱泡2h,形成铸膜液,然后将其在干燥而洁净的平整玻璃板上刮制成液膜,随后浸没在80℃的去离子水中凝固成形,蒸馏水中浸泡24h(间隔8h更换一次蒸馏水),得到PES膜;
(2)同实施例1;
(3)同实施例1;
(4)同实施例1.
实施例4.
(1)PES膜制备:将5.7g PES溶解在8.4g N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)与14.0-19.3g聚乙二醇(PEG)的混合溶液中,室温下磁力搅拌12h,真空脱泡2h,形成铸膜液,然后将其在干燥而洁净的平整玻璃板上刮制成液膜,随后浸没在80-95℃的去离子水中凝固成形,蒸馏水中浸泡24h(间隔8h更换一次蒸馏水),得到PES膜;
(2)同实施例1;
(3)同实施例1;
(4)同实施例1.
实施例5.
(1)同实施例1;
(2)PB@PES膜的制备:将制得的PES膜浸泡在300mL单宁酸和聚乙烯亚胺的混合溶液中5h(单宁酸为2-5mg/mL,聚乙烯亚胺为2-5mg/mL,溶剂为去离子水,pH=3),然后调节pH至6.5,继续浸泡1h,然后转移到300mL Ti4+溶液中浸泡1h(钛酸丁酯0.55g,2-7mL 36-38wt%的盐酸,300mL蒸馏水),再在100mL[Fe(CN)6]4 -溶液(Na4Fe(CN)6·10H2O为0.004-0.01g/mL,溶剂为去离子水)和100mL Fe3+溶液(FeCl3·6H2O,0.01-0.04g/mL,溶剂为去离子水)中交替浸泡6次(每次2h),然后于60℃下在100mL[Fe(CN)6]4 -和Fe3+的混合溶液中浸泡12h(Na4Fe(CN)6·10H2O为0.009g/mL,FeCl3·6H2O为0.03g/mL,溶剂为去离子水),得到PB@PES膜;
(3)同实施例1;
(4)同实施例1.
实施例6.
(1)同实施例1;
(2)PB@PES膜的制备:将制得的PES膜浸泡在300mL单宁酸和聚乙烯亚胺的混合溶液中5h(单宁酸为2-5mg/mL,聚乙烯亚胺为2-5mg/mL,溶剂为去离子水,pH=3),然后调节pH至6.5,继续浸泡1h,然后转移到300mL Ti4+溶液中浸泡1h(钛酸丁酯1.25g,2-7mL 36-38wt%的盐酸,300mL蒸馏水),再在100mL[Fe(CN)6]4 -溶液(Na4Fe(CN)6·10H2O为0.004-0.01g/mL,溶剂为去离子水)和100mL Fe3+溶液(FeCl3·6H2O,0.01-0.04g/mL,溶剂为去离子水)中交替浸泡6次(每次2h),然后于40-70℃下在100mL[Fe(CN)6]4 -和Fe3+的混合溶液中浸泡7-14h(Na4Fe(CN)6·10H20为0.009g/mL,FeCl3·6H2O为0.03g/mL,溶剂为去离子水),得到PB@PES膜;
(3)同实施例1;
(4)同实施例1.
实施例7.
(1)同实施例1;
(2)同实施例1;
(3)间苯二酚甲醛树脂的制备:将400mg间苯二酚和0.580mL甲醛溶解在60mL蒸馏水中,加入0.46mL 25-28wt%的氨水,室温下搅拌得到乳白色溶液,然后在250℃加热24h,得到间苯二酚甲醛树脂;
(4)同实施例1.
实施例8.
(1)同实施例1;
(2)同实施例1;
(3)间苯二酚甲醛树脂的制备:将900mg间苯二酚和1.580mL甲醛溶解在60mL蒸馏水中,加入0.46mL 25-28wt%的氨水,室温下搅拌得到乳白色溶液,然后在250℃加热24h,得到间苯二酚甲醛树脂;
(4)同实施例1.
实施例9.
(1)同实施例1;
(2)同实施例1;
(3)同实施例1;
(4)复合膜的制备:将PB@PES膜用紫外灯照射15min,然后浸泡在丙烯酸(AA)溶液内30min(丙烯酸30g,过硫酸钠1g,去离子水29.46mL,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯8.46g),再置于80℃烘箱内4h,然后将膜一面浸泡在间苯二酚甲醛树脂分散液内30min(间苯二酚甲醛树脂分散在100mL蒸馏水中,超声30min,得到间苯二酚甲醛树脂分散液),接着在80℃放置12h,得到所述双层复合膜.
实施例10.
(1)同实施例1;
(2)同实施例1;
(3)同实施例1;
(4)复合膜的制备:将PB@PES膜用紫外灯照射15min,然后浸泡在丙烯酸(AA)溶液内30min(丙烯酸10g,过硫酸钠1g,去离子水29.46mL,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯8.46g),再置于80℃烘箱内4h,然后将膜一面浸泡在间苯二酚甲醛树脂分散液内30min(间苯二酚甲醛树脂分散在100mL蒸馏水中,超声30min,得到间苯二酚甲醛树脂分散液),接着在80℃放置12h,得到所述双层复合膜.
实施例11.
(1)同实施例2或实施例3或实施例4;
(2)同实施例5或实施例6;
(3)同实施例1;
(4)同实施例1.
实施例12.
(1)同实施例11;
(2)同实施例11;
(3)同实施例7或实施例8;
(4)同实施例1.
实施例13.
(1)同实施例11;
(2)同实施例11;
(3)同实施例12;
(4)同实施例9或实施例10.
测试表征表明,该膜一层为聚醚砜与普鲁士蓝(PB)纳米粒子按照质量比86.19-87.21∶12.79-13.81组成膜催化层,厚度为0.192±0.05mm、孔隙率为81.43±1.02%、孔径为150.00±20.45nm,另一层为聚丙烯酸-间苯二酚甲醛树脂组成;该膜厚度为0.203-0.255mm,孔隙率为70.20-79.0%,孔径5.52-32.30nm。
经实验验证证明,将膜置于水和苯甲醇的油水界面处,膜一层中的间苯二酚甲醛树脂在太阳光照射下产生过氧化氢;产生的双氧水在膜另一层遇到PB纳米粒子时发生反应形成羟基自由基,能将该层中的苯甲醇氧化为苯甲醛。将膜直接置于硝基酚、亚甲基蓝、甲基橙等染料污染物的水溶液中,在太阳光照射下能直接将溶液中的有机污染物降解。所制得的双层复合膜在苯甲醇氧化制备苯甲醛以及硝基酚,亚甲基蓝,甲基橙等染料污染物降解中均表现出了很好的催化反应性能。
本发明提出的双层复合膜的制备方法,已通过实施例进行了描述,在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内可以对本文所述的内容进行改动或适当变更与组合来实现本发明。特别需要指出的是,所有相类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明的精神、范围、内容中。
Claims (8)
1.一种用于苯甲醛绿色制备的聚醚砜复合膜及其制备方法,其特征在于采用如下方法制备:
(1)、PES膜的制备:将4.5-5.7g聚醚砜(PES)溶解在8.4g N,N-二甲基乙酰胺与14.0-19.3g聚乙二醇的混合溶剂中,室温下磁力搅拌12h,然后真空脱泡2h,形成铸膜液,然后将其在干燥而洁净的平整玻璃板上刮制成液膜,随后浸没在80℃的去离子水中凝固成形,再在蒸馏水中浸泡24小时,每间隔8h更换一次蒸馏水,得到PES膜;
(2)、PB@PES膜的制备:将步骤(1)制得的PES膜浸泡在单宁酸浓度为2-5mg/mL,聚乙烯亚胺浓度为2-5mg/mL,pH=3的300mL水溶液中5h,然后调节溶液pH值至6.5,继续浸泡1h,此后转移到由0.55-1.25g钛酸丁酯,2-7mL 36-38%wt盐酸和300mL蒸馏水形成的Ti4+溶液中浸泡1h,再在Na4Fe(CN)6·10H2O浓度为0.004-0.01g/mL的100mL[Fe(CN)6]4 -水溶液和FeCl3·6H2O浓度为0.03g/mL的100mL Fe3+水溶液中交替浸泡6次,每次2小时,然后于60℃条件下在Na4Fe(CN)6·10H2O浓度为0.009g/mL,FeCl3·6H2O浓度为为0.03g/mL的100mL[Fe(CN)4]6 -和Fe3+的混和水溶液中浸泡12h,得到PB@PES膜;
(3)、间苯二酚甲醛树脂的制备:将792mg间苯二酚和1.080mL甲醛溶解在60mL蒸馏水中,加入0.46mL 25-28wt%的氨水,室温下搅拌得到乳白色溶液,然后在250℃加热24h,得到间苯二酚甲醛树脂;
(4)、复合膜的制备:将步骤(2)制得的PB@PES膜一表面用紫外灯照射15min,然后浸泡在丙烯酸含量为10-30g,过硫酸钠含量为1.0g,去离子水含量为29.46mL,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯含量为8.46g的溶液内30min,再置于80℃烘箱内4h,其后将该膜表面浸泡在通过步骤(3)制备的由间苯二酚甲醛树脂0.3g和蒸馏水100mL经超声30min形成的分散液内30min,接着在80℃的烘箱中放置12h,得到所述复合膜。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于苯甲醛绿色制备的聚醚砜复合膜及其制备方法,其特征在于所述复合膜表面较为致密,断面结构分为两层:一层为聚丙烯酸-间苯二酚甲醛树脂,另一层为聚醚砜与普鲁士蓝纳米粒子层,多海绵孔,且孔内含大量普鲁士蓝晶体。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于苯甲醛绿色制备的聚醚砜复合膜及其制备方法,其特征在于该膜厚度为0.203-0.255mm,孔隙率为70.20-79.0%,孔径为5.52-32.30nm;聚醚砜与普鲁士蓝纳米粒子层中聚醚砜与普鲁士蓝纳米粒子按照质量比为86.19-87.21∶12.79-13.81组成,厚度为0.192±0.05mm,孔隙率为81.43±1.02%,孔径为150.00±20.45nm。
4.如权利要求2所述的用于苯甲醛绿色制备的聚醚砜复合膜及其制备方法,其特征在于所述的聚丙烯酸-间苯二酚甲醛树脂层能够在太阳光照射下在水环境下产生过氧化氢,聚醚砜与普鲁士蓝纳米粒子层能够与过氧化氢反应生成羟基自由基,将苯甲醇氧化成苯甲醛。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于苯甲醛绿色制备的聚醚砜复合膜及其制备方法,其特征在于将复合膜置于水和苯甲醇界面,以聚丙烯酸-间苯二酚甲醛树脂层接触水相,聚醚砜与普鲁士蓝纳米粒子层接触苯甲醇油相,用太阳光照射与水相接触的间苯二酚甲醛树脂层,可以直接将苯甲醇氧化为苯甲醛。
6.如权利要求1所述的用于苯甲醛绿色制备的聚醚砜复合膜及其制备方法,其特征在于所述的膜在催化氧化苯甲醇为苯甲醛时,无需加入过氧化氢。
7.如权利要求1所述的用于苯甲醛绿色制备的聚醚砜复合膜及其制备方法,其特征在于所述的膜在太阳光照射下,能直接将水溶液中的染料等有机污染物直接降解。
8.如权利要求1所述的用于苯甲醛绿色制备的聚醚砜复合膜及其制备方法,其特征在于该膜既能实现反应物的选择性反应,也能实现反应物和产物的及时分离。
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