CN115314092B - Pearson coefficient-based multi-array visible light OGSM-MIMO antenna selection method - Google Patents
Pearson coefficient-based multi-array visible light OGSM-MIMO antenna selection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Pearson coefficient-based multi-array visible light OGSM-MIMO antenna selection method, which specifically comprises the following steps: building a visible light indoor communication link system model; establishing a mathematical model of a channel comprising a direct line-of-sight link LOS and a first order reflection link NLOS; determining the mounting interval of LEDs and dividing positioning areas; collecting the received illuminance RSS value of each LED and the actual coordinates of the reference point at the positioning point, and storing the RSS value and the actual coordinates into a fingerprint library; determining a fingerprint library of the positioning areas, and calculating a Pearson coefficient between any LED combination and the photoelectric detector in any one of the positioning areas according to the fingerprint library of the positioning areas; and taking the corresponding LED combination with high correlation as an actually activated antenna combination. The invention does not depend on the system channel characteristics, realizes the multiplexing of the time domain and the space domain, improves the error code performance, ensures the reliability and simultaneously improves the application range of OGSM-MIMO systems.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of visible light indoor communication, and relates to a Pearson coefficient-based multi-array visible light OGSM-MIMO antenna selection method.
Background
In a visible light indoor illumination scene, in order to simultaneously consider illumination and communication, a multi-array light source layout model is generally adopted, and particularly in a large scene, the number of LED arrays is increased sharply, so that the reliability of a traditional OGSM-MIMO system is not guaranteed, the application range of the OGSM-MIMO system is further improved while the reliability is guaranteed based on the reliability, and researchers introduce an antenna selection method.
The conventional antenna selection method at present mainly comprises a random antenna selection method and a norm-based antenna selection method. The random selection method is a lower limit for evaluating the system performance of the antenna selection method; the antenna selection method based on norm selection is based on a known channel, which is however in reality a time-varying channel due to external environmental interference.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a multi-array visible light OGSM-MIMO antenna selection method based on the Pearson coefficient, which does not depend on the system channel characteristics, realizes multiplexing of a time domain and a space domain, improves the error code performance and solves the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the multi-array visible light OGSM-MIMO antenna selection method based on the Pearson coefficient is carried out according to the following steps:
step 1, determining indoor space parameters, building a visible light indoor communication link system model, and building a three-dimensional coordinate system in an indoor space;
Step 2, establishing a channel mathematical model comprising a direct line-of-sight link LOS and a first-order reflection link NLOS;
Step 3, determining the mounting interval of the LEDs based on a channel mathematical model comprising LOS and NLOS through two conditions of the standard deviation of illuminance of a receiving plane and the minimum value of illuminance RSS of the receiving plane, and dividing a positioning area;
Step 4, selecting a plurality of positioning points in the positioning area, collecting the received illuminance RSS value of each LED and the actual coordinates of the reference point at the positioning points, and storing the RSS value and the actual coordinates into a fingerprint library;
Step 5, determining a fingerprint library of the positioning area;
Step 6, calculating Pearson coefficients between any LED combination and the photoelectric detector in any one positioning area according to the fingerprint library of the positioning area;
And 7, based on the Pearson coefficient between any LED combination and the photodetector, the corresponding LED combination with high relativity is taken as an actually activated antenna combination.
Further, in the step 2, the illuminance E of any M LED light sources received by any one of the photodetectors is:
Wherein D represents the distance between the receiving end of any one photoelectric detector and the LED light source, and D' represents the distance between the receiving end of any one photoelectric detector and the secondary light source generated by the LED light source; e j is the direct horizontal illumination of the jth photodetector under multiple light sources, E' j is the reflected illumination of the jth photodetector under multiple light sources, I (phi i) is the light intensity from a single light source to any point, phi i represents the emission angle of the ith LED, Representing the angle of incidence of the jth photodetector, I i' is the reflected intensity of the single light source to any point, and β represents the emission angle of the secondary light source.
Further, in the step 3, the illuminance RSS in the comfort range of the illuminance received by the human eye is 300lx to 1500lx.
Further, in the step 4, the fingerprint library is:
fn＝{Sn,(xn,yn,zn),tn|n＝1,2,…,N}
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the received illuminance from each LED m at the nth photodetector PD n; (x n,yn,zn) represents the coordinate position of the nth photodetector, in units: m; t n represents the number of times of illumination received by the nth photodetector;
The LED m represents the mth LED, m=1, 2, …, M; LED m is represented as:
LEDm＝{Rm,(xm,ym,zm)|m＝1,2,…,M}
Wherein, R m represents the central luminous intensity of the mth LED, unit: lx; (x m,ym,zm) is the coordinate position of the mth LED in units: m.
Further, in the step 5, the fingerprint library f n,k of the positioning area is determined according to the fingerprint library f n of the step 4, that is, the n-th photodetector in any positioning area receives the set of average illuminances of the LED combinations, which is shown in the following formula:
fn,k＝{Sn,k,(xn,k,yn,k,zn,k),tn,k|n＝1,2,…,Nk}
Where S n,k denotes the received illuminance from the nth LED in the kth positioning area received by the nth photodetector in the kth positioning area, (x n,k,yn,k,zn,k) denotes the coordinate position of the nth photodetector PD in the kth area in units of: m;
The position of the mth LED in the kth positioning area LED m,k is denoted as:
LEDm,k＝{Rm,k,(xm,k,ym,k,zm,k)|m＝1,2,…,Mk}
always, R m,k represents the center emission intensity of the mth LED of the kth region, unit: lx; (x m,k,ym,k,zm,k) represents the coordinate position of the mth LED in the kth region, in units of: m.
Further, in the step 6, the Pearson coefficient ρ (LED m,k,fn,k) between any LED combination and the photodetector in the kth positioning area is expressed as:
In the method, in the process of the invention, The nth photodetector which is the kth positioning area fingerprint database receives the average illuminance of the actual LED combination; sigma represents the sample standard deviation,/>Indicating that the kth positioning area nth photodetector received the illumination of the mth LED.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
The embodiment of the invention combines a visible light communication link model, an LED channel diffuse reflection model, a correlation mathematical model of a visible light OGSM-MIMO system and a Pearson coefficient, fits an indoor channel environment, adopts an antenna selection method based on the Pearson coefficient to perform antenna selection on the OGSM-MIMO system, selects the optimal antenna combination by utilizing the correlation of the Pearson coefficient between the ends of different position photodetectors (Photoelectric Detector, PD) and the activated transmitting antenna, and does not depend on the channel characteristics of the system, thereby realizing multiplexing of a time domain and a space domain and improving the error code performance of the system.
The embodiment of the invention can be applied to a large-scale OGSM-MIMO system, reduces the calculated amount, and is not limited to the optical fields of indoor optical communication, laser and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a model of a visible light communication link in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a model of LED channel diffuse reflection in an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a OGSM-MIMO system model based on antenna selection in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a simulation diagram of bit error rates of OGSM-MIMO systems for different antenna selection methods.
Fig. 5 is a theoretical error performance simulation diagram of a OGSM-MIMO system based on Pearson coefficients according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating a OGSM-MIMO system error rate analysis based on Pearson coefficients under different conditions according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Examples
A Pearson coefficient-based multi-array visible light OGSM-MIMO antenna selection method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, determining indoor space parameters, as shown in fig. 1, constructing a visible light indoor communication link system model by taking a 4m×4m×3m indoor room as an experimental simulation model, and constructing a three-dimensional coordinate system by taking one corner of the indoor space as an origin of coordinates.
Step 2, establishing a mathematical model of a channel comprising a direct line-of-sight link LOS and a first order reflection link NLOS, as shown in fig. 2; wherein, the light intensity I (phi i) from the single light source to any point is defined as:
I(φi)＝I0cosrφi (1)
Wherein I 0 represents the central luminous intensity of the LED, phi i represents the emission angle of the ith LED, r is the radiation mode of the light source, r has a value ranging from 0 to 2, the value represents the number of reflections, 0 represents the number of reflections not considered, and 2 represents the number of reflections 2.
The direct horizontal illuminance E j of the jth PD under multiple light sources is:
In the method, in the process of the invention, The angle of incidence of the jth PD is represented by E ij, the illuminance of the jth PD received by the ith LED, (X j,yj, 0) the coordinates of the jth PD, and (X i,Yi,Zi) the coordinates of the ith LED. In fig. 2, D j denotes coordinates of the jth PD, W denotes a space width of any one of the areas in fig. 1, and h=3 denotes an indoor height of 3m.
Assuming that the secondary light source generated by any LED light source is P point, the P point coordinate may be denoted as P (X 1,0,Z1). Similarly, the reflected light intensity I' i from a single light source to an arbitrary point is defined as:
I′i＝kIi cosm-1β (3)
Wherein I i represents the illumination intensity of the ith LED directly irradiating to the point P, k is the reflection coefficient of the wall surface, beta represents the emission angle of the secondary light source, and m is the radiation mode of the light source. The reflected illuminance E' j of the jth PD under the multi-stage light source is:
e' ij denotes the illuminance of the ith LED received by the jth PD.
The illuminance E of any M LED light sources received by any one PD is:
Wherein D represents the distance between any one PD end and the LED light source, and D' represents the distance between any one PD end and the secondary light source generated by the LED light source.
In an embodiment of the present invention,Namely, illuminance E of any M LED light sources received by any one PD is:
the illumination difference of different LEDs received by the PD is more obvious through the formula (5), and the difference of the Pearson coefficient correlation is larger, so that the real environment can be better simulated because the real life wall surface can reflect light.
And 3, determining the installation distance of each LED by combining the LED channel diffuse reflection model (including the channel mathematical model of LOS and NLOS) established in the step 2, and dividing a positioning area according to the RSS value (illuminance) of the bottom surface.
And finally, the mounting interval of the LEDs is determined through two conditions of the standard deviation of illuminance of a receiving plane and the minimum value of the RSS of the receiving plane, so that the division of a positioning area is determined. The international lighting standard prescribes that human eyes receive illuminance with a comfortable range RSS of 300 lx-1500 lx, and an optimal illuminance region is selected according to the illuminance generated by LEDs in different regions, so that the simulated environment is closer to real life, and the consideration factors are more comprehensive.
Step 4, selecting a plurality of positioning points in the positioning area, collecting the received RSS values of the LEDs and the actual coordinates of the reference points at the positioning points, and storing the RSS values and the actual coordinates into a fingerprint library; wherein, including M LEDs, the mth LED is noted as LED m, m=1, 2, …, M; can be expressed as:
LEDm＝{Rm,(xm,ym,zm)|m＝1,2,…,M} (6)
Wherein, R m represents the central luminous intensity of the mth LED, unit: lx; (x m,ym,zm) is the coordinate position of the mth LED in units: m. The positioning area has N PDs, where N is denoted as PD n, n=1, 2 …, N, and the intensity of the light received from the LED m at PD n can be denoted as Thus, a fingerprint library may be defined as:
fn＝{Sn,(xn,yn,zn),tn|n＝1,2,…,N} (7)
Where f n denotes the set of different LED illuminances received by different PD receivers, Representing received illuminance from each LED at PD n; (x n,yn,zn) represents the coordinate position of the PD in units of: m; t n denotes the number of times of illumination received by the PD.
And 5, determining a fingerprint library of the positioning area. Selecting any divided area according to the LED light source layout model divided in the step 3; assuming that the indoor bottom surface is divided into K positioning areas, denoted as f n,k, K e {1,2, …, K }, the fingerprint library of the positioning areas is defined as:
fn,k＝{Sn,k,(xn,k,yn,k,zn,k),tn,k|nk＝1,2,…,Nk} (8)
f n,k denotes the set of average illuminance of the LED combination received by the nth PD in the kth positioning area; s n,k denotes the received illuminance of the PD n in the kth positioning area received from the LED m,k, (xn,k,yn,k,zn,k) denotes the coordinate position of the nth photodetector PD in the kth area in units of: m; t n,k denotes the number of times of illumination received by the nth photodetector PD in the kth positioning area.
The position of the mth LED in the kth positioning area LED m,k is denoted as:
LEDm,k＝{Rm,k,(xm,k,ym,k,zm,k)|m＝1,2,…,Mk} (9)
Where R m,k represents the center emission intensity of the mth LED of the kth region, in units of: lx; (x m,k,ym,k,zm,k) represents the coordinate position of the kth region PD, unit: m.
And 6, selecting any one area divided in the step 5, and calculating the Pearson coefficient between any LED combination and the photoelectric detector in the area according to the fingerprint library in the step 4.
The Pearson correlation coefficient is a linear correlation coefficient, defined as the ratio of the product of the covariance of two points and the standard deviation, and the greater the value, the higher the correlation, so that the Pearson correlation coefficient can be used as a selection criterion for antenna combination, and the correlation coefficient ρ (LED m,k,fn,k) between any LED combination in the kth partition and the fingerprint database PD is expressed as:
In the method, in the process of the invention, The average illuminance of the actual LED combination received by the nth PD of the kth partition fingerprint library; m LEDs with high similarity are used as a transmitting antenna combination; sigma represents the standard deviation of the sample, which is a parameter of the original formula of the Pearson coefficient; indicating that the kth PD in the kth region received the illuminance of the mth LED.
Assuming that there are 6 LEDs in the kth partition fingerprint library with a central luminous intensity of 21 (lx) according to the VLC communication link model, the LED information can be expressed as follows according to equation (9):
each PD end can obtain the received illuminance through the visible light communication model, assuming that 2 PD ends are provided, the coordinate information is expressed as (0.8,0.8,0), (0.8,1.6,0), then the received illuminance obtained by the receiving end respectively receives 6 LEDs is 12, and the partitioned fingerprint library is expressed as follows according to formula (8):
where the average illumination value at t n =3 is measured 3 times taking into account noise interference in real life, e.g Since 6 LEDs and 2 PD receivers are known, in OGSM-MIMO system, i.e. transmitting antenna N t =6 and receiving antenna N r =2, assuming that activated transmitting antenna (LED) N a =2, there are 15 antenna combinations in total in OGSM-MIMO system, however OGSM-MIMO actual antenna combination must satisfy the power of 2, so actual antenna combination is from 15 optional 8, and Pearson coefficient sets can be obtained according to formulas (10), (11), (12):
Step 7, selecting a corresponding antenna combination as an actually activated antenna combination through the Pearson coefficient correlation calculated in the step 6, so as to obtain an optimal communication effect; the number of antenna combinations is constrained by the whole power of 2, because each antenna combination corresponds to the same number of modulation signal combinations by constraint conditions; according to the embodiment of the invention, all antennas are changed into the active part antennas by activating, only the optimal antennas of the transmitting antenna end are considered, so that the influence of multipath interference on communication quality is reduced, the influence of the number of antennas on error code performance is reduced, the multipath interference is reduced, the error code performance is improved, the influence of the relation restriction of the number of antennas and the interference between channels on the communication quality is overcome, meanwhile, the calculated amount is small, the calculated amount of a large-scale OGSM-MIMO system with more antennas is still small, and the applicability is higher.
The antenna combination selected in the embodiment of the invention is applied to OGSM-MIMO system, as shown in fig. 3, the actual antenna combination is known, and meanwhile, the L-PAM modulation mode is adopted, the modulation order L=2, and then the mapping table of OGSM-MIMO system is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 OGSM-MIMO mapping based on antenna selection
In fig. 3, x u represents a transmitted signal, such as a data stream composed of input bits in table 1, x 1,u represents the number of antenna combination mapping bits, x 2,u constellation mapping bits, x 1,u、x2,u can be obtained by a OGSM-MIMO system theoretical formula, and y u represents a signal received by a receiving end. Nt represents that the transmitting end has Nt transmitting antennas, and Nr represents that the receiving end has Nr receiving antennas. ML denotes a maximum likelihood detection algorithm, s/p, p/s denote serial-to-parallel conversion and parallel-to-serial conversion, OGSM is optical generalized spatial modulation (Optical Generalized Spatial Modulation), symbol modulation denotes symbol modulation, symbol demodulation denotes symbol demodulation, antenna modulation denotes antenna modulation, and Antenna demodulation denotes antenna demodulation, respectively.
The performance of the Pearson coefficient-based multi-array visible light OGSM-MIMO antenna selection method compared to other conventional antenna selection methods was analyzed.
As shown in fig. 4, the number of activated antennas at the transmitting end N a =2, the number of activated antennas at the receiving PD end N r =2, and the modulation mode of 2PAM, as can be seen from simulation results, compared with a Norm-based antenna selection method (Norm selection) and a Random selection method (Random selection), the OGSM-MIMO system based on the Pearson coefficient antenna selection method of the present invention has better error rate performance; when the Bit Error Rate (BER) reaches 10 -3, the error code performance (37.8 dB) of the OGSM-MIMO system is improved by 2.2dB and 4dB respectively compared with that of the normal selection (40 dB) and the Random selection (41.8 dB) by adopting an antenna selection method based on the Pearson coefficient.
As shown in fig. 5, the modulation mode adopts 2PAM, the number of active antennas N a at the transmitting end is 2,3, 4, and the number of receiving antennas N r =2. From the simulation results, it can be seen that: 1) When the signal-to-noise ratio is relatively low, the theoretical error rate of OGSM-MIMO system is higher than the actual error rate, and when the signal-to-noise ratio is relatively high, the theoretical error rate and the actual error rate basically coincide. 2) Under the same modulation mode, the number of transmitting antennas is increased, so that the error code performance is reduced; the embodiment of the invention further improves the application range of OGSM-MIMO system while increasing the number of activated transmitting antennas to ensure the reliability.
As shown in fig. 6, the number of active antennas at the transmitting end N a =2, the number of active antennas at the receiving end N r =6, and the modulation mode of the ogsm-MIMO system adopts 2PAM,4PAM and 8PAM. From the simulation results, it can be seen that OGSM-MIMO system: with the increase of modulation order, the transmission rate is improved, but the error code performance is reduced; when the error rate reaches 10 -3, the transmission rate of the 2PAM modulation mode is respectively reduced by 2 pcu and 4bpcu compared with that of the 4PAM modulation mode and the 8PAM modulation mode, but the error performance is improved by about 2dB and 4dB.
The foregoing description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The multi-array visible light OGSM-MIMO antenna selection method based on the Pearson coefficient is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, determining indoor space parameters, building a visible light indoor communication link system model, and building a three-dimensional coordinate system in an indoor space;
Step 2, establishing a channel mathematical model comprising a direct line-of-sight link LOS and a first-order reflection link NLOS;
Step 3, determining the mounting interval of the LEDs based on a channel mathematical model comprising LOS and NLOS through two conditions of the standard deviation of illuminance of a receiving plane and the minimum value of illuminance RSS of the receiving plane, and dividing a positioning area;
step 4, selecting a plurality of positioning points in the positioning area, collecting the received illuminance RSS value of each LED and the actual coordinates of the positioning points at the positioning points, and storing the RSS value and the actual coordinates of the positioning points into a fingerprint library;
Step 5, determining a fingerprint library of the positioning area;
Step 6, calculating Pearson coefficients between any LED combination and the photoelectric detector in any one positioning area according to the fingerprint library of the positioning area;
Step 7, based on the Pearson coefficient between any LED combination and the photoelectric detector, the corresponding LED combination with high relativity is used as an actually activated antenna combination;
In the step 6, the Pearson coefficient ρ (LED m,k,fn,k) between any LED combination and the photodetector in the kth positioning region is expressed as:
Where R m,k represents the center emission intensity of the mth LED of the kth region, The nth photodetector which is the kth positioning area fingerprint database receives the average illuminance of the actual LED combination; sigma represents the sample standard deviation,/>Indicating that the kth positioning area nth photodetector received the illumination of the mth LED.
2. The method for selecting the multi-array visible light OGSM-MIMO antenna based on the Pearson coefficients according to claim 1, wherein the illuminance E of any M LED light sources received by any one of the photodetectors in step 2 is:
wherein D represents the distance between the receiving end of any one photoelectric detector and the LED light source, and D' represents the distance between the receiving end of any one photoelectric detector and the secondary light source generated by the LED light source; e j is the direct horizontal illumination of the jth photodetector under multiple light sources, E j' is the reflected illumination of the jth photodetector under multiple light sources, I (phi i) is the light intensity from a single light source to any point, phi i represents the emission angle of the ith LED, Representing the angle of incidence of the jth photodetector, I i' is the reflected intensity of the single light source to any point, and β represents the emission angle of the secondary light source.
3. The method for selecting the multi-array visible light OGSM-MIMO antenna based on the Pearson coefficients according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the illuminance RSS of the human eye in the comfortable range of illuminance is 300 lx-1500 lx.
4. The method for selecting the multi-array visible light OGSM-MIMO antenna based on the Pearson coefficients according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the fingerprint library is:
fn＝{Sn,(xn,yn,zn),tn|n＝1,2,L,N}
In the method, in the process of the invention, Representing the received illuminance from each LED m at the nth photodetector PD n; (x n,yn,zn) represents the coordinate position of the nth photodetector, in units: m; t n represents the number of times of illumination received by the nth photodetector;
The LED m represents an mth LED, m=1, 2, l, m; LED m is represented as:
LEDm＝{Rm,(xm,ym,zm)|m＝1,2,…,M}
Wherein, R m represents the central luminous intensity of the mth LED, unit: lx; (x m,ym,zm) is the coordinate position of the mth LED in units: m.
5. The method for selecting a multi-array visible light OGSM-MIMO antenna based on Pearson coefficients according to claim 1, wherein in step 5, the fingerprint library f n,k of the positioning area is determined according to the fingerprint library f n in step 4, that is, the average illuminance set received by the nth photodetector in any positioning area from the LED combinations is expressed by the following formula:
fn,k＝{Sn,k,(xn,k,yn,k,zn,k),tn,k|n＝1,2,L,Nk}
Where S n,k denotes the received illuminance from the nth LED in the kth positioning area received by the nth photodetector in the kth positioning area, (x n,k,yn,k,zn,k) denotes the coordinate position of the nth photodetector PD in the kth area in units of: m;
The position of the mth LED in the kth positioning area LED m,k is denoted as:
LEDm,k＝{Rm,k,(xm,k,ym,k,zm,k)|m＝1,2,…,Mk}
Wherein R m,k represents the center emission intensity of the m-th LED of the k-th region, in units of: lx; (x m,k,ym,k,zm,k) represents the coordinate position of the mth LED in the kth region, in units of: m.
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