CN115313463A - Distributed electrochemical energy storage system - Google Patents
Distributed electrochemical energy storage system Download PDFInfo
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- CN115313463A CN115313463A CN202211059974.8A CN202211059974A CN115313463A CN 115313463 A CN115313463 A CN 115313463A CN 202211059974 A CN202211059974 A CN 202211059974A CN 115313463 A CN115313463 A CN 115313463A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J15/00—Systems for storing electric energy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/00032—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
- H02J7/00036—Charger exchanging data with battery
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4278—Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed electrochemical energy storage system, which comprises: the energy storage system comprises a battery energy management system and a plurality of energy storage subunits, wherein each energy storage subunit comprises a battery module, a battery management unit, a charging and discharging strategy analysis module and an inverter module; the battery management unit comprises a cell data acquisition module, a module SOC/SOH calculation module and a passive equalization module; the battery energy management system is used for acquiring first data in the battery management unit in each energy storage subunit and second data in the charging and discharging strategy analysis module, and formulating a charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage system. By implementing the invention, the battery management functions of battery information acquisition, equalization, analysis and calculation and the like and the function of the energy storage converter are sunk into the battery module layer by layer, so that the energy storage system is free from the limitation of an external organization form; the core functions of the battery management system and the energy management system are integrated, and management and tasks of the battery are more refined and targeted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage, in particular to a distributed electrochemical energy storage system.
Background
In the current electrochemical energy storage System, the energy storage battery management System and the energy management System are usually split, and meanwhile, different battery modules are usually connected in series and parallel to perform electric energy input and output through a Power Conversion System (PCS) in a unified manner, and although some battery modules are provided with DC/DC modules, the energy input and output still need to be performed by means of calculation and judgment of the unified battery management and energy management System. The structure and the organization management form of the current energy storage system are fixed and rigid, the limitation of the function and the electrical index of a PCS (personal communications system), an energy management system and a battery management system is very depended on, the information interaction and the decision reference between the battery management system and the energy management system are not facilitated, the flexibility response time and the efficiency of the energy storage system are reduced, and the application scene and the application mode of energy storage are also limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a distributed electrochemical energy storage system, so as to solve the technical problem in the prior art that the structure and the organization management form of the current energy storage system are relatively fixed and rigid.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
in a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed electrochemical energy storage system, including: the system comprises a battery energy management system and a plurality of energy storage subunits, wherein each energy storage subunit comprises a battery module, a battery management unit, a charging and discharging strategy analysis module and a current transformation submodule; the battery management unit comprises a cell data acquisition module, a module SOC/SOH calculation module and a passive equalization module; the battery cell data acquisition module is used for acquiring battery cell data in the battery module and inputting the battery cell data into the module SOC/SOH calculation module for SOC and/or SOH calculation, the passive equalization module is used for passive equalization of a battery cell in the battery module, the charging and discharging strategy analysis module is used for formulation of a charging and discharging strategy in the battery module, and the converter module is used for regulating input current or output current of the energy storage subunit; the battery energy management system is used for acquiring first data in a battery management unit in each energy storage subunit and second data in a charging and discharging strategy analysis module, and formulating a charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage system according to the first data and the second data.
Optionally, the battery energy management system comprises: the battery management module comprises a data collection statistics monitoring module and an active balancing module, the data collection statistics monitoring module is used for acquiring first data in a battery management unit in each energy storage subunit, and the active balancing module is used for active balancing of the energy storage system; the energy management module acquires first data acquired by the data collection statistical monitoring module and second data in the charging and discharging strategy analysis module, and the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage system is formulated according to the first data and the second data.
Optionally, the battery energy management system further comprises: the battery energy management system comprises a current transformation module and a power supply module, wherein the current transformation module is used for generally adjusting the internal and external currents of the energy storage system, and the power supply module is used for supplying power to the battery energy management system.
Optionally, the distributed electrochemical energy storage system further comprises: and the communication module is used for transmitting data through the energy storage subunit and the battery energy management system.
Optionally, the distributed electrochemical energy storage system further comprises: the protection switch comprises a first protection sub-switch and a second protection sub-switch, the first protection sub-switch is arranged in the energy storage sub-unit, the second protection sub-switch is arranged in the battery energy management system, and the first protection sub-switch is used for protecting the battery module when the state of the battery module in the energy storage sub-unit is not matched with the upper charging and discharging instruction; and the second protection sub-switch is used for protecting each energy storage sub-unit in the energy storage system when the charge-discharge instruction issued by the upper level in the battery energy management system is not matched with the reported state.
Optionally, a plurality of energy storage subunits are connected in series or in parallel, and corresponding alternative energy storage subunits are connected in parallel on the energy storage subunit chain in series as redundancy.
Optionally, a user-side distributed electrochemical energy storage system and a power generation-side distributed electrochemical energy storage system are included.
Optionally, the user-side distributed electrochemical energy storage system performs charge and discharge operation according to a low valley period and a high peak period of the electricity price, and the power generation-side distributed electrochemical energy storage system performs charge and discharge operation according to a charge and discharge instruction issued by a superior scheduling system.
Optionally, when charging is performed in the power generation side distributed electrochemical energy storage system, the battery energy management system collects the charging analysis state results of the plurality of energy storage subunits according to the charging instruction issued by the upper-level scheduling system, reports the charging analysis state results to the upper-level scheduling system, receives a charging task issued by the upper-level scheduling system according to the reported charging analysis state results, and allocates and issues the charging task according to the charging requirements of each energy storage subunit; a battery management unit in the energy storage subunit verifies the charging data, the direct current is converted according to the conversion submodule after the verification is passed, charging is carried out, and a passive equalization module is started while charging is carried out; when discharging is carried out in the power generation side distributed electrochemical energy storage system, the battery energy management system collects the discharge analysis state results of the plurality of energy storage subunits according to a discharge instruction issued by the upper-level scheduling system, reports the discharge analysis state results to the upper-level scheduling system, receives a discharge task issued by the upper-level scheduling system according to the reported discharge analysis state results, and carries out distribution and issuing of the discharge task; a battery management unit in the energy storage subunit verifies whether the discharging task is matched with the current energy storage subunit state or not, discharging is carried out after matching, and electric energy is sent to the battery energy management system through a current transformation submodule; and the converter module in the battery energy management system converts and outputs alternating current.
Optionally, in a low-price valley period, the charging and discharging strategy analysis modules of each energy storage subunit in the user-side distributed electrochemical energy storage system respectively analyze charging capacity and requirements, the battery management unit verifies charging data, verifies that an inverter module of the energy storage subunit converts direct current after passing through, charges the energy storage subunit, and starts the passive equalization module while charging; when the electricity price is in a peak period, the charging and discharging strategy analysis modules of the energy storage subunits in the user side distributed electrochemical energy storage system respectively analyze the discharging capacity and the requirements, the battery management unit checks whether the command is matched with the current energy storage subunit state, the discharging operation is carried out in response to the discharging command sent by the battery energy management system after the command is matched, the passive equalization module is started while discharging, and the electric energy is transmitted to the power grid through the current conversion submodules of the energy storage subunits.
The technical scheme provided by the invention has the following effects:
the distributed electrochemical energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with a plurality of energy storage subunits, and each energy storage subunit is provided with the cell data acquisition module, the module SOC/SOH calculation module and the passive equalization module, so that the battery management functions such as battery information acquisition, equalization, analysis and calculation and the like and the energy storage converter function are sunk into the battery module layer by layer, the self-disciplined decentralized management of layer by layer is realized, and the energy storage system is free from the limitation of external organization forms such as clusters and containers; an operation mechanism with the battery module as the minimum independent unit is established; meanwhile, the core functions of the battery management system and the energy management system are integrated to form a unified battery energy management system, information sharing and mutual use are achieved, mutual influence is achieved, management of the battery and assignment of tasks are more refined, and the battery energy management system is more targeted.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a distributed electrochemical energy storage system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a distributed electrochemical energy storage system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims, as well as in the drawings, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It will be appreciated that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments described herein may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
As described in the background, the structure and organization management of current energy storage systems is relatively fixed and inflexible. The battery management system and the energy management system are split into two independent systems, so that function overlapping and forwarding of common information exist, and the management efficiency is low; the minimum start-stop control unit of the energy storage unit is a cluster or a container, and the control granularity is large; the upper Battery Management System (BMS) and the Energy Management System (EMS) are centralized in calculation, and the time, the efficiency and the matching degree with the Battery state of the monitoring and decision-making are lower; the application scene is single, replacement of modules and transplantation of modules among different energy storage systems are difficult to achieve, and specification limits of mature electrical products such as a Power Conversion System (PCS) are excessively depended on.
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a distributed electrochemical energy storage system, which splits and recombines core functions of a battery management system, an energy management system, and an energy storage converter, and distributes the core functions layer by layer, and integrates the battery management system and the energy management system, so as to implement compatibility between independent charging and discharging and cooperative charging and discharging of a battery module, break through the limitations of a conventional battery cluster and a conventional container, have high flexibility and extensibility, and meet the requirements of various energy storage application scenarios.
Example 1
An embodiment of the present invention provides a distributed electrochemical energy storage system, as shown in fig. 1, including: the system comprises a battery energy management system and a plurality of energy storage subunits, wherein each energy storage subunit comprises a battery module, a battery management unit, a charging and discharging strategy analysis module and a current transformation submodule; the battery management unit comprises a cell data acquisition module, a module SOC/SOH calculation module and a passive equalization module; the battery cell data acquisition module is used for acquiring battery cell data in the battery module and inputting the battery cell data to the module SOC/SOH calculation module for SOC and/or SOH calculation, the passive equalization module is used for passively equalizing a battery cell in the battery module, the charge-discharge strategy analysis module is used for formulating a charge-discharge strategy in the battery module, and the converter module is used for adjusting input current or output current of the energy storage subunit; the battery energy management system is used for acquiring first data in a battery management unit in each energy storage subunit and second data in a charging and discharging strategy analysis module, and formulating a charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage system according to the first data and the second data.
The distributed electrochemical energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention is provided with a plurality of energy storage subunits, and each energy storage subunit is provided with the cell data acquisition module, the module SOC/SOH calculation module and the passive equalization module, so that the battery management functions such as battery information acquisition, equalization, analysis and calculation and the energy storage converter function are sunk into the battery module layer by layer, the self-discipline decentralized management of layer by layer is realized, and the energy storage system is free from the limitation of external organization forms such as clusters and containers; an operation mechanism with the battery module as the minimum independent unit is established; meanwhile, the core functions of the battery management system and the energy management system are integrated to form a unified battery energy management system, information sharing and mutual use are achieved, mutual influence is achieved, management of the battery and assignment of tasks are more refined, and the method is more targeted.
In one embodiment, when the battery management unit is disposed in each energy storage subunit, the battery management unit connected in parallel with the battery management unit may be determined according to specification parameters of the battery module in each energy storage subunit. The battery cell data acquisition module is used for specifically acquiring voltage, current, temperature and other data of a battery cell in the battery module. The module SOC/SOH calculation module may be used for both SOC calculation and SOH calculation, and for the specific calculation methods of the SOC and SOH, reference is made to the prior art, and details are not repeated here. The passive equalization module can realize passive equalization at the electric core level, namely energy dissipation equalization, and converts redundant power in a single battery into heat energy consumption through an energy consumption element, so that the inconsistency of voltage and power among single batteries is improved. For the specific topology of passive equalization, the existing method may be adopted, and details are not described here.
The charging and discharging strategy analysis module can restrain and analyze the charging and discharging instruction acceptable by the current battery module according to the actual measurement parameters of the battery module, such as SOC/SOH, voltage, current and the like provided by the battery management unit, and feed back the charging and discharging instruction to the battery energy management system. The converter submodule comprises a DC/DC bidirectional direct current converter module and a DC/AC bidirectional alternating current/direct current converter module, and is used for responding to the alternating current/direct current conversion requirement of the battery energy management system and connecting the battery module with direct current with proper magnitude.
In one embodiment, the battery energy management system comprises: as shown in fig. 2, the battery management module includes a data collection statistics monitoring module and an active balancing module, where the data collection statistics monitoring module is configured to obtain first data in a battery management unit in each energy storage subunit, and the active balancing module is configured to actively balance the energy storage system; the energy management module acquires first data acquired by the data collection statistical monitoring module and second data in the charging and discharging strategy analysis module, and the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage system is formulated according to the first data and the second data.
The data collection and statistics monitoring module acquires data such as voltage, current, temperature and temperature of an electric core in the battery module and calculated data such as SOC and SOH acquired by the battery management unit; the energy management module monitors the analysis result of the charging and discharging strategy analysis module based on the data base of the battery management module, and formulates the charging and discharging strategy in the whole energy storage system, so that the energy management module can be expanded on the basis of the battery management module, and the energy management module and the battery management module form a unified battery energy management system. The active equalization can be realized through energy transfer balance, and the energy transfer among different battery modules can be realized through different circuit topological structures and control strategies. For the specific topology and equalization strategy of active equalization, reference may be made to the prior art, and details are not described herein.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the battery energy management system further includes: the battery energy management system comprises a current transformation module and a power supply module, wherein the current transformation module is used for generally adjusting the internal and external currents of the energy storage system, and the power supply module is used for supplying power to the battery energy management system. When the DC/DC module and the DC/AC module in the conversion module are determined, the appropriate DC/DC module and the appropriate DC/AC module can be selected according to the charging and discharging working conditions of the whole energy storage system and the conversion capability of the conversion sub-module in each energy storage sub-unit and based on the power and the voltage ranges of the AC side and the DC side. The power module can be powered by a UPS (uninterrupted power supply), and the UPS with a proper voltage level is set for supplying power according to the power supply requirements of each module in the battery energy management system.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the distributed electrochemical energy storage system further comprises: and the energy storage subunit and the battery energy management system perform data transmission through the communication module. Specifically, by arranging the communication module, a communication relation between each functional module of the energy storage subunit and the battery energy management system CAN be established, wherein the communication module adopts protocols such as CAN, modbus, IEC104 and the like, and is compatible with physical communication interfaces such as a network port serial port and the like to realize a communication function.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, the distributed electrochemical energy storage system further comprises: the protection switch comprises a first protection sub-switch and a second protection sub-switch, the first protection sub-switch is arranged in the energy storage sub-unit, the second protection sub-switch is arranged in the battery energy management system, and the first protection sub-switch is used for protecting the battery module when the state of the battery module in the energy storage sub-unit is not matched with the upper-layer charging and discharging instruction; and the second protection sub-switch is used for protecting each energy storage sub-unit in the energy storage system when the charge-discharge instruction issued by the upper level in the battery energy management system is not matched with the reported state.
In one embodiment, a plurality of energy storage subunits are connected in series or in parallel, and corresponding alternative energy storage subunits are connected in parallel on the energy storage subunit chain in series as redundancy. Specifically, the second protection sub-switch is arranged to realize series connection or parallel connection among the energy storage sub-units. Meanwhile, the energy storage subunit is set to be in the states of dynamic connection, disconnection, bypass and the like in the running state through the on-off of the protection switch and an internal bypass strategy, and meanwhile, the energy storage subunit which does not work can be switched to alternately work at any time. And the redundant standby energy storage subunit can be called by the battery energy management system when the energy storage subunit does not work or fails, so that the energy storage subunit which does not work or fails can be replaced. In addition, the battery energy management system further comprises an alarm module, wherein the alarm module is connected with the second protection sub-switch and used for giving an alarm when the second protection sub-switch is switched off when abnormality occurs in the energy storage system.
In one embodiment, a distributed electrochemical energy storage system includes a user-side distributed electrochemical energy storage system and a power generation-side distributed electrochemical energy storage system. The user side distributed electrochemical energy storage system performs charge and discharge operation according to the low valley period and the high peak period of the electricity price, and the power generation side distributed electrochemical energy storage system performs charge and discharge operation according to charge and discharge instructions issued by the superior dispatching system.
When the distributed electrochemical energy storage system on the power generation side is charged, the battery energy management system collects the charging analysis state results of the energy storage subunits according to the charging instruction issued by the upper-level scheduling system and reports the charging analysis state results to the upper-level scheduling system, receives the charging tasks issued by the upper-level scheduling system according to the reported charging analysis state results, and allocates and issues the charging tasks according to the charging requirements of the energy storage subunits; a battery management unit in the energy storage subunit verifies the charging data, the direct current is converted according to the conversion submodule after the verification is passed, charging is carried out, and a passive equalization module is started while charging is carried out; when discharging in the power generation side distributed electrochemical energy storage system, the battery energy management system collects the discharge analysis state results of the plurality of energy storage subunits according to the discharge instruction issued by the upper-level scheduling system, reports the discharge analysis state results to the upper-level scheduling system, receives a discharge task issued by the upper-level scheduling system according to the reported discharge analysis state results, and allocates and issues the discharge task; a battery management unit in the energy storage subunit verifies whether the discharging task is matched with the current energy storage subunit state or not, discharging is carried out after matching, and electric energy is sent to the battery energy management system through a current transformation submodule; and the converter module in the battery energy management system converts and outputs alternating current.
In the low-price valley period, the charging and discharging strategy analysis modules of all energy storage subunits in the user-side distributed electrochemical energy storage system respectively analyze charging capacity and requirements, the battery management unit verifies charging data, a current converter module of the energy storage subunit performs current conversion on direct current after the charging data passes the verification, charging is performed, and a passive equalization module is started while charging is performed; and when the electricity price is in a peak period, the charging and discharging strategy analysis modules of the energy storage subunits in the user-side distributed electrochemical energy storage system respectively analyze the discharging capacity and the requirements, the battery management unit checks whether the command is matched with the current energy storage subunit state, after the matching, the discharging operation is carried out in response to the discharging command sent by the battery energy management system, the passive equalization module is started while discharging, and the electric energy is sent to the power grid through the current transformation submodules of the energy storage subunits.
Originally, the energy storage is that each battery module is combined to be charged and discharged by combining the BMS, the EMS and the PCS which are unified in the container, the charging and discharging depend on the performance of the single unified device and software, the combination of the controlled battery modules is fixed and cannot be changed, and the BMS, the EMS and the PCS need to be redesigned after the change. In addition, in consideration of the trend that the capacity of the current energy storage battery is larger and larger, the energy density of the battery module is gradually increased, and the energy storage capacity of a single module is continuously enhanced, the distributed electrochemical energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention sinks functional modules, which are required to be charged and discharged independently, of each module into each module, so that the requirements of energy storage on a user side and energy storage on a power generation side can be met, the existing energy storage modules can be recombined according to the expansion or reduction of the energy storage scale, and the system is more flexible.
Meanwhile, the BMS and the EMS in the prior art are completely independent two systems, information collected by the battery BMS is not fused into distribution and decision of charging and discharging instructions such as power distribution of the EMS, and the time and efficiency of information transmission are wasted. Therefore, the distributed electrochemical energy storage system provided by the embodiment of the invention is a distributed concept, is hierarchical, has the functions at a module level, and integrates the functions at a higher level when being integrated, so that the distributed electrochemical energy storage system is more favorable for distributed deployment.
Example 2
The embodiment of the invention provides a distributed electrochemical energy storage system, which is applied to a power generation side, and is constructed and operated in the following way:
1.1 according to the actual demand of the energy storage power generation side, selecting a Battery module with proper capacity and size, and according to the acquisition demand of a BMU (Battery Management Unit), arranging a matched voltage, current and temperature acquisition circuit in the Battery module.
1.2 aiming at the selected and matched specification parameters such as the voltage and the current of the battery module, a matched BMU is formed, and the BMU in each energy storage subunit comprises an electric data acquisition module, a module SOC/SOH calculation module, a passive equalization module and a first protection sub-switch capable of being actively controlled.
1.3, a charging and discharging strategy analysis module is formed according to the specification parameters and the practical application scene of the battery module in the energy storage subunit. The module can establish association with the corresponding acceptable charging and discharging instruction according to the parameters such as the SOC (state-of-charge) and the voltage of the battery module, and can dynamically modify and adjust the charging and discharging strategy of the battery module. Specifically, the distribution of the charging and discharging instructions is associated with parameters such as the SOC and the voltage of the current battery module, and the charging and discharging strategy analysis module can continuously monitor the actual chargeable and dischargeable capacity of the battery module to continuously adjust the charging and discharging distribution instructions. In addition, the specific charging and discharging strategy may be formulated based on a distribution strategy in the prior art, such as average distribution of the batteries, or distribution according to the SOC value of the battery, and the like, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention.
1.4 the DC/DC and DC/AC module matched with the battery module is selected and matched with the use working condition, and is used for responding the bidirectional conversion requirement of the upper direct current side or the alternating current side.
2.1 the energy storage subunits can be combined in series and parallel at will, and the energy storage subunits formed by battery modules with similar consistency and the same batch are selected as much as possible to be connected in series.
And 2.2, connecting corresponding alternative energy storage subunits in parallel on the energy storage subunits connected in series to serve as capacity redundancy, so as to timely replace a certain energy storage subunit on the series link to operate under the emergency condition.
3.1, establishing a battery management module for uniformly managing and controlling BMUs of each energy storage subunit, wherein the battery management module comprises a data collection statistical monitoring module, an active equalization module and an alarm module.
3.2 expand the energy management module on the basis of battery management module, the core function of energy management module mainly is based on the data basis of battery management module, matches the charge-discharge response operating mode of whole energy storage system and monitors the analysis result of energy storage subunit charge-discharge strategy analysis module, formulates the charge-discharge strategy in the energy storage unit.
And 3.3, selecting and matching proper energy storage unit internal current conversion modules such as a DC/DC module and a DC/AC module aiming at the charging and discharging working condition of the whole energy storage system and the current conversion capability of the energy storage subunit current conversion sub-module under the charging and discharging working condition, and adjusting the current change inside and outside the energy storage unit as a whole. When the current transformation module is determined, the DC/DC module and the DC/AC module with appropriate parameters are selected based on parameters such as charging and discharging power, voltage ranges of an alternating current side and a direct current side and the like.
3.4 based on the power supply requirement of each module of the battery energy management system, the UPS power supply module with a proper voltage level is matched.
4.1, a network and an information communication loop of each module in the energy storage subunit are built, and a communication closed loop in the energy storage subunit is formed.
And 4.2, establishing communication connection between each energy storage subunit and the battery energy management system on the basis of the energy storage subunits.
5.1 the upper-level dispatching system on the power generation side issues a charging instruction, the energy storage unit battery energy system downwards collects the charging analysis state results of the energy storage subunit charging and discharging strategy analysis module, and the battery energy management system collects the charging capacity of each energy storage subunit and reports the charging capacity to the upper-level dispatching system.
5.2 the upper dispatching system determines the charging task, the battery energy management system responds to the charging instruction, the charging task is distributed and issued according to the charging requirement of each energy storage subunit, the energy storage system DC/AC module is used for converting current, and the direct current is issued to the energy storage subunits. The charging current and power of the battery module in each energy storage subunit are determined according to the voltage and capacity of the battery module, and therefore when each energy storage subunit is allocated with a charging task, the battery module needs to be allocated according to the actual current and power of the corresponding battery module.
5.3 the BMU of the energy storage subunit verifies the power parameters such as charging current and voltage, and the DC/DC module of the energy storage subunit converts the direct current after meeting the requirements, so that the first protection sub-switch is communicated, the energy storage subunit is charged, and the passive equalization of the battery cells in the module is started while charging.
6.1 the upper-level dispatching system issues a discharge parameter instruction, the battery energy management system collects and analyzes the discharge state analysis result of the current energy storage subunit charge-discharge strategy analysis module, and the discharge capacity which can be realized in the current energy storage system is reported.
6.2 the upper scheduling system reports the discharge capability according to the battery energy management system and issues a discharge instruction, and the battery energy management system distributes and issues the discharge instruction. Specifically, through the analysis result summarized by the battery energy management system, the upper scheduling system can issue a matched discharging instruction according to the distribution result. If the energy storage system can only discharge with 150kw of power, the upper scheduling system can issue a discharge command not exceeding the power.
6.3 the BMU of the energy storage subunit verifies whether the instruction is matched with the current energy storage subunit state, after matching, the instruction issued by the battery energy management system is responded to carry out discharging operation, and the electric energy is sent to the battery energy management system through the DC/DC module of each energy storage subunit.
6.4 the power is converted to an AC output by the DC/AC module within the battery power management system.
7.1 the energy storage subunit determines the on-off of the first protection sub-switch according to whether the BMU matches the current upper charging and discharging instruction with the battery module state, and the first protection sub-switch can be timely switched off when unreasonable or abnormal. The specific matching process is that the current voltage values of the SOC of each battery in the battery module are matched according to the charging and discharging instructions, and if the matching fails, the first protection sub-switch needs to be cut off in time, so that the service life of the battery and the system safety are prevented from being influenced.
7.2 the energy storage system can judge according to the matching degree of the charge-discharge instruction and the reported state actually issued by the superior, if the requirement is not met or the abnormality occurs in the energy storage system, the second protection sub-switch of the whole system is cut off at the energy storage system level, and multi-level protection is formed.
7.3 when the energy storage subunit does not work or has other faults, the battery energy management system can call other standby energy storage subunits in time to replace the failed subunits.
Example 3
The embodiment of the invention provides a distributed electrochemical energy storage system, which is applied to a user side, and the distributed electrochemical energy storage system on the user side is constructed and operated in the following way:
and 11, selecting a battery module with proper capacity and size according to the actual requirement of the energy storage user side, and distributing matched voltage, current and temperature acquisition circuits in the battery module according to BMU acquisition requirements.
And 12, designing and forming matched BMUs according to the selected specification parameters such as the voltage and the current of the battery module, wherein the BMU in each energy storage subunit comprises an electric data acquisition module, a module SOC/SOH calculation module, a passive equalization module and a first protection sub-switch capable of being actively controlled.
And 13, forming a charging and discharging strategy analysis module aiming at the specification parameters and the practical application scenes of the battery modules in the energy storage subunit. The module can establish association with the corresponding acceptable charging and discharging instructions according to parameters such as SOC (state of charge), voltage and the like of the battery module, and can dynamically modify and adjust the charging and discharging strategy of the battery module.
And 14, selecting a DC/DC and DC/AC module matched with the use working condition of the battery module, and responding to the bidirectional conversion requirement of the upper direct current side or the alternating current side.
21 according to the requirement of the user side, the energy storage subunits can be combined in series and parallel at will, and the energy storage subunits formed by battery modules with similar consistency and the same batch are selected as much as possible to be connected in series.
22 corresponding alternative energy storage subunits can be connected in parallel with the energy storage subunits connected in series to serve as capacity redundancy, so that certain energy storage subunits on the series link can be replaced in time to operate in an emergency.
23 each energy storage subunit can be charged and discharged in a combined mode according to actual needs, or a single energy storage subunit can also be charged and discharged to operate.
31, a battery management module for uniformly managing and controlling the BMUs of each energy storage subunit is established, and the battery management module comprises a data collection statistical monitoring module, an active balancing module and an alarm module.
32, the energy management module is expanded on the basis of the battery management module, and the core function of the energy management module is mainly based on the data base of the battery management module, the charging and discharging response working conditions of the whole energy storage system are matched, the analysis result of the charging and discharging strategy analysis module of the energy storage subunit is monitored, and the charging and discharging strategy in the energy storage unit is formulated.
And 33, selecting proper energy storage unit internal current conversion modules such as a DC/DC module and a DC/AC module according to the charging and discharging working conditions of the whole energy storage system and the current conversion capability of the energy storage subunit current conversion sub-module, and adjusting the current change inside and outside the energy storage unit. When the converter module is determined, the DC/DC module and the DC/AC module with proper parameters are selected based on parameters such as charging and discharging power, voltage ranges of an alternating current side and a direct current side and the like.
34 are configured with UPS power modules of the appropriate voltage class based on the power requirements of the modules of the battery energy management system.
And 41, in the low-price valley period, the charging and discharging strategy analysis modules of the energy storage subunits respectively analyze the charging capacity and the requirement, and the BMU is used for charging monitoring. The BMU performs charging and discharging monitoring, and the method specifically comprises the step that if the charging capacity is analyzed to be 100Ah at most, the BMU can control the energy storage subunit to stop charging when the value is reached.
And the BMU of the 42 energy storage subunit verifies the power parameters such as charging current and voltage, and the DC/AC module of the energy storage subunit converts the direct current after meeting the requirements, so that the first protection sub-switch is communicated, the energy storage subunit charges, and the battery cells in the module are started to be passively balanced while charging.
51, in the peak period of the electricity price, the charging and discharging strategy analysis modules of the energy storage subunits respectively analyze the discharging capacity and the requirements, and the BMU is used for monitoring the discharging. The process of monitoring the discharging by the BMU is the same as the charging monitoring process, and is not described herein again.
And (2) whether the BMU checking instruction of the energy storage subunit is matched with the current energy storage subunit state or not, and after the BMU checking instruction is matched with the current energy storage subunit state, a battery energy management instruction is responded to perform discharging operation to ensure that the first protection subswitch is communicated, meanwhile, the battery cell in the module is started to be passively balanced, and electric energy is transmitted to a power grid through the DC/AC module of each energy storage subunit.
61 the energy storage subunit matches to current charge and discharge operating mode and battery module state according to BMU, confirms the break-make of first protection sub switch, can in time cut off first protection sub switch when unreasonable or itself has the anomaly.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art may make various modifications and variations without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and variations fall within the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A distributed electrochemical energy storage system, comprising: a battery energy management system and a plurality of energy storage sub-units,
each energy storage subunit comprises a battery module, a battery management unit, a charging and discharging strategy analysis module and a current transformation submodule; the battery management unit comprises a cell data acquisition module, a module SOC/SOH calculation module and a passive equalization module;
the battery cell data acquisition module is used for acquiring battery cell data in the battery module and inputting the battery cell data into the module SOC/SOH calculation module for SOC and/or SOH calculation, the passive equalization module is used for passive equalization of a battery cell in the battery module, the charging and discharging strategy analysis module is used for formulation of a charging and discharging strategy in the battery module, and the converter module is used for regulating input current or output current of the energy storage subunit;
the battery energy management system is used for acquiring first data in a battery management unit in each energy storage subunit and second data in a charging and discharging strategy analysis module, and formulating a charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage system according to the first data and the second data.
2. The distributed electrochemical energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the battery energy management system comprises: a battery management module and an energy management module,
the battery management module comprises a data collection statistical monitoring module and an active balancing module, the data collection statistical monitoring module is used for acquiring first data in a battery management unit in each energy storage subunit, and the active balancing module is used for active balancing of the energy storage system;
the energy management module acquires first data acquired by the data collection statistical monitoring module and second data in the charging and discharging strategy analysis module, and the charging and discharging strategy of the energy storage system is made according to the first data and the second data.
3. The distributed electrochemical energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the battery energy management system further comprises: the battery energy management system comprises a current transformation module and a power supply module, wherein the current transformation module is used for generally adjusting the internal and external currents of the energy storage system, and the power supply module is used for supplying power to the battery energy management system.
4. The distributed electrochemical energy storage system of claim 1, further comprising: and the energy storage subunit and the battery energy management system perform data transmission through the communication module.
5. The distributed electrochemical energy storage system of claim 1, further comprising: a protection switch including a first protection sub-switch disposed in the energy storage sub-unit and a second protection sub-switch disposed in the battery energy management system,
the first protection sub-switch is used for protecting the battery module when the state of the battery module in the energy storage sub-unit is not matched with the upper layer charging and discharging instruction;
and the second protection sub-switch is used for protecting each energy storage sub-unit in the energy storage system when the charge-discharge instruction issued by the upper level in the battery energy management system is not matched with the reported state.
6. The distributed electrochemical energy storage system of claim 1, wherein a plurality of energy storage sub-units are connected in series or in parallel, and corresponding alternative energy storage sub-units are connected in parallel on a chain of energy storage sub-units connected in series as redundancy.
7. The distributed electrochemical energy storage system of any of claims 1-6, comprising a user-side distributed electrochemical energy storage system and a power generation-side distributed electrochemical energy storage system.
8. The distributed electrochemical energy storage system according to claim 7, wherein the user-side distributed electrochemical energy storage system performs charge and discharge operations according to a low valley period and a high peak period of an electricity price, and the power generation-side distributed electrochemical energy storage system performs charge and discharge operations according to a charge and discharge instruction issued by a superior scheduling system.
9. The distributed electrochemical energy storage system of claim 8,
when the distributed electrochemical energy storage system on the power generation side is charged, the battery energy management system collects the charging analysis state results of the energy storage subunits according to the charging instructions issued by the upper-level scheduling system, reports the charging analysis state results to the upper-level scheduling system, receives the charging tasks issued by the upper-level scheduling system according to the reported charging analysis state results, and allocates and issues the charging tasks according to the charging requirements of the energy storage subunits; a battery management unit in the energy storage subunit verifies charging data, after the verification is passed, direct current is converted according to a converter submodule, charging is carried out, and a passive equalization module is started while charging is carried out;
when discharging is carried out in the power generation side distributed electrochemical energy storage system, the battery energy management system collects the discharge analysis state results of the plurality of energy storage subunits according to a discharge instruction issued by the upper-level scheduling system, reports the discharge analysis state results to the upper-level scheduling system, receives a discharge task issued by the upper-level scheduling system according to the reported discharge analysis state results, and carries out distribution and issuing of the discharge task; a battery management unit in the energy storage subunit verifies whether the discharging task is matched with the current energy storage subunit state or not, discharging is carried out after matching, and electric energy is sent to the battery energy management system through a current transformation submodule; and the converter module in the battery energy management system converts and outputs alternating current.
10. The distributed electrochemical energy storage system of claim 8,
in the low-price valley period, the charging and discharging strategy analysis modules of the energy storage subunits in the user side distributed electrochemical energy storage system respectively analyze the charging capacity and the requirements, the battery management unit verifies the charging data, the converter modules of the energy storage subunits convert the direct current after the charging data passes the verification, the charging is carried out, and the passive equalization module is started while the charging is carried out;
when the electricity price is in a peak period, the charging and discharging strategy analysis modules of the energy storage subunits in the user side distributed electrochemical energy storage system respectively analyze the discharging capacity and the requirements, the battery management unit checks whether the command is matched with the current energy storage subunit state, the discharging operation is carried out in response to the discharging command sent by the battery energy management system after the command is matched, the passive equalization module is started while discharging, and the electric energy is transmitted to the power grid through the current conversion submodules of the energy storage subunits.
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