CN115312809A - Method for establishing fuel cell consistency prediction model - Google Patents
Method for establishing fuel cell consistency prediction model Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115312809A CN115312809A CN202211146185.8A CN202211146185A CN115312809A CN 115312809 A CN115312809 A CN 115312809A CN 202211146185 A CN202211146185 A CN 202211146185A CN 115312809 A CN115312809 A CN 115312809A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fuel cell
- model
- stack
- cell stack
- distribution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 336
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000007248 cellular mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 206010013496 Disturbance in attention Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000020411 cell activation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04305—Modeling, demonstration models of fuel cells, e.g. for training purposes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a method for establishing a fuel cell consistency prediction model, which comprises the following steps: s1: constructing a basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model of the fuel cell, associating electrical elements in the basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model of the fuel cell with operating parameters of the fuel cell according to a preset fuel cell mechanism formula, and generating a fuel cell calculation model capable of representing steady-state characteristics and dynamic characteristics of the fuel cell; s2: establishing a fuel cell stack internal fluid distribution equivalent resistance model according to the fuel cell stack structure design and gas fluid dynamics, and establishing a fuel cell quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model based on the fuel cell stack internal fluid distribution equivalent resistance model; s3: and simulating the consistent dynamic behavior of the voltage saving in the operation process of the fuel cell according to the fuel cell calculation model and the fuel cell quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model in the S1. The invention can solve the problem that the prior art ignores the consistency of the fuel cell stack voltage saving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a method for establishing a fuel cell consistency prediction model.
Background
Meanwhile, fuel cells use fuel and oxygen as raw materials, and hardly generate nitrogen and sulfur oxides which pollute the environment in the combustion process, so that the fuel cell technology is considered to be one of novel environment-friendly and efficient power generation technologies in the 21 st century.
The improvement of the fuel cell technology requires continuous test experiments of the fuel cell to ensure the stability of the performance of the fuel cell, and a major factor that can reflect the stability of the fuel cell lies in the consistency of the voltage saving in the fuel cell, because the operation of the fuel cell is accompanied by a series of complicated multi-parameter highly-coupled electrochemical reactions, and the output performance of the fuel cell is different under different operating parameters, therefore, when the fuel cell is tested, appropriate operating parameters need to be set according to the characteristics of the fuel cell, so as to ensure the stability of the performance of the fuel cell. The process of finding suitable operating parameters, however, is complex, requires extensive experimental testing, and is prone to irreversible fuel cell performance degradation under extreme conditions. Therefore, the fuel cell model is selected and established in a large amount of research to predict the output performance of the fuel cell under different operating parameters, and the resource waste caused by experimental tests is avoided.
At present, most of research on fuel cell models is directed at the average cell voltage of a single fuel cell or a plurality of fuel cell stacks, and the problem of the consistency of the cell voltage in a high-power fuel cell stack is ignored, so that the influence of the consistency of the cell voltage on the output performance stability and reliability of the fuel cell in the operation process of the fuel cell cannot be considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for establishing a fuel cell consistency prediction model, which aims to solve the problem that the consistency of the node voltage in the output performance of the fuel cell in the prior art is neglected.
The basic scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method for establishing a fuel cell consistency prediction model comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model of the fuel cell, associating electrical elements in the basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model of the fuel cell with operating parameters of the fuel cell according to a preset fuel cell mechanism formula, and generating a fuel cell calculation model capable of representing steady-state characteristics and dynamic characteristics of the fuel cell;
s2: establishing a fuel cell stack internal fluid distribution equivalent resistance model according to the fuel cell stack structure design and gas fluid dynamics, and establishing a fuel cell quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model based on the fuel cell stack internal fluid distribution equivalent resistance model;
s3: and simulating the consistent dynamic behavior of the voltage saving in the operation process of the fuel cell according to the fuel cell calculation model and the fuel cell quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model in the S1.
The principle and the advantages of the invention are as follows: in the application, firstly, a basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model of the fuel cell is constructed, wherein the basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model of the fuel cell is used for representing the connection relation of each electrical element and the action relation among the electrical elements in the fuel cell, so that the changes of the fuel cell in the operation process, such as loss change and internal resistance change, can be reflected; and then, correlating the operating parameters with the electrochemical model through a preset fuel cell mechanism formula, so that a calculation model reflecting the dynamic characteristics and the steady-state characteristics of the fuel cell, namely a fuel cell calculation model, can be obtained, and the fuel cell calculation model is used for calculating the cell voltage of the cells in the fuel cell stack.
According to the structure of the fuel cell stack and the fluid dynamics principle of gas, the structure of the fuel cell stack is used for representing a fluid distribution model of the fuel cell, and the condition that the pressure distribution, the flow distribution and the temperature distribution of the gas in the fuel cell stack are inconsistent can be simulated by combining the fluid dynamics principle, so that the model structure for describing the characteristics of the stack can be expanded according to the condition, namely a quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model of the fuel cell can be established, the quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model of the fuel cell is used for reflecting the relation between the electric power parameters in the fuel cell stack and the flow and the pressure in the fuel cell stack, and then the distribution rule of the voltage saving in the fuel cell stack can be obtained according to the distribution rule of the flow and the pressure in the fuel cell stack.
Therefore, the electricity-saving voltage of the current battery in the fuel cell stack can be calculated according to the fuel cell calculation model, and then the electricity-saving voltage value of the later battery in the fuel cell stack can be predicted according to the relation between the electricity-saving voltage, the gas flow and the pressure in the established fuel cell quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model, so that the consistency of the electricity-saving voltage of the fuel cell stack can be predicted.
Therefore, the fuel cell system has the advantages that the fuel cell calculation model and the fuel cell quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model can be constructed to predict the consistency of the node voltage in the performance of the fuel cell, and can be used as a criterion for judging the performance stability and reliability of the fuel cell system.
Further, the S1 includes:
s1-1: constructing a basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model of the fuel cell and determining the nernst voltage E of the fuel cell cell Activation loss R act Ohmic loss R ohm Concentration loss R con Capacitor C, inductor L and internal resistor R L_para ；
S1-2: according to a preset fuel cell mechanism formula and the Nernst voltage E of the fuel cell cell Activation loss R act Ohmic loss R ohm And concentration loss R con Calculating the voltage V under the steady-state characteristics of the fuel cell ft ；
S1-3: according to the current passing through the capacitor C, the inductor L and the internal resistor R of the fuel cell L_para The dynamic characteristic change of the fuel cell is characterized.
Has the advantages that: in the constructed fuel cell basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model, each power element can be operated, wherein the Nernst voltage E cell Activation loss R act Ohmic loss R ohm And concentration loss R con The method is used for representing the stable characteristic change of the voltage loss of the fuel cell when the current transition occurs in the electrochemical model, and the capacitance, the inductance and the internal resistance are used for representing the process of the voltage of the fuel cell when the voltage is recovered to a stable state after loss, namely the dynamic characteristic change, so that the output characteristic of the fuel cell can be represented through the stable characteristic and the dynamic characteristic, and the performance of the fuel cell can be determined according to the output characteristic.
Further, the voltage V in the S1-2 ft The calculation formula of (c) is:
V fc ＝E cell -V act -V ohm -V con
wherein ：
wherein ,c1 Is constant, i represents the fuel cell output current density;
wherein ,Tfc Indicating combustionThe working temperature of the material battery is controlled,
the hydrogen partial pressure of the anode is shown,
denotes the cathode oxygen partial pressure, P ca Represents the cathode pressure, P, of the fuel cell sat Represents the fuel cell saturated vapor pressure;
b 2 ＝b 11 λ m -b 12
wherein ,tm Indicating the exchange film thickness, λ, of the ferroelectric Chi Zhizi m Denotes the water content of the proton exchange membrane, b 1 、b 11 、b 12 Represents a constant;
wherein ,imax Current density at which the performance of the fuel cell is drastically reduced, c 3 Is a constant.
Has the advantages that: the remaining voltage after the activation loss, ohmic loss and concentration loss of the fuel cell during the transition of the current can be obtained through the above calculation formula, so that the steady-state characteristic of the fuel cell can be calculated.
Further, the internal resistance R in S1-3 L_para The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein ,k、a2 、r、a 3 Are all constants.
Has the advantages that: in the process of transition of current in the fuel cell, the voltage can have the phenomenon of instantaneous drop, and the current change at the moment can not be detected by the inductor and the capacitor, so the detection is carried out only by the set internal resistance, and the simulation of the change of the dynamic characteristic of the fuel cell is achieved.
Further, the step S2 includes:
s2-1: determining the proportional relation between the flow resistance of a fuel cell inner flow channel and the flow resistance of gas entering each fuel cell flow channel from the main path of the fuel cell stack according to the structural design and gas fluid dynamics of the fuel cell stack, simulating the pressure distribution in the fuel cell stack according to the proportional relation of the flow resistance, simulating the flow distribution in the fuel cell flow channel according to the current distribution, and establishing an equivalent resistance model of the fluid distribution in the fuel cell stack;
s2-2: and constructing a fuel cell quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model according to the serial connection mode of all the fuel cells in the fuel cell stack and the fluid distribution equivalent resistance model inside the fuel cell stack.
Has the beneficial effects that: according to the structure design of the fuel cell stack and the gas fluid dynamics principle, the condition that gas distribution is inconsistent when the fuel cell supplies gas required by reaction can be represented, so that the proportional relation between the flow resistance of each fuel cell in the fuel cell stack and the flow resistance of gas entering a fuel cell flow channel from a main circuit of the fuel cell stack is firstly determined, the distribution of the internal pressure of the stack can be simulated by voltage distribution, the flow distribution in each flow channel is simulated by current distribution, an equivalent resistance model of the internal fluid distribution of the fuel cell stack is constructed, and then the simulated current is introduced into the model when the equivalent resistance model of the internal fluid distribution of the fuel cell stack runs, so that the distribution rule of the gas pressure and the flow of the fuel cell stack can be obtained; and finally, by combining the series relation of all the fuel cells in the fuel cell stack, the constructed quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model of the fuel cells can represent the electricity-saving voltage consistency among all the cells in the fuel cell stack, thereby determining the performance of the fuel cell stack.
Further, the flow resistance of the fuel cell inner flow channel in the S2-1 and the flow resistance when the gas enters each fuel cell flow channel from the main path of the fuel cell stack have a proportional relationship as follows:
R c :R m ＝l c ×w c ×h c :l m ×w m ×h m
wherein ,lc 、w c 、h c The length, width and height of the gas flow channel in the fuel cell are shown; l m 、w m 、h m The length, width and height of the corresponding region of each fuel cell in the main path of the fuel cell stack are shown.
Has the advantages that: the proportional relation between the flow resistances of the corresponding areas can be determined through the length, the width and the height of the corresponding area of each fuel cell in the fuel cell internal gas flow channel and the main path of the fuel cell stack.
Further, the simulating of the voltage distribution according to the proportional relation of the flow resistance simulates the internal pressure distribution of the fuel cell stack, and the simulating of the current distribution in the flow channel of the fuel cell specifically comprises:
U in-1 :U in-2 :…:U in-N-1 :U in-N ＝P in-1 :P in-2 :…:P in-N-1 :P in-N
U out-1 :U out-2 :…:U out-N-1 :U out-N ＝P out-1 :P out-2 :…:P out-N-1 :P out-N
I 1 :I 2 :…:I N-1 :I N ＝Q 1 :Q 2 :…:Q N-1 :Q N
wherein ,Uin-N and Uout-N Indicating the Nth section of the fuel cell stackInput and output voltage, P, of the fuel cell in-N and Pout-N Indicating the pressure at the input and output of the Nth fuel cell in the stack, I N Representing the current, Q, of the Nth fuel cell of the fuel cell stack N The flow of the nth fuel cell of the fuel cell stack is shown.
Has the advantages that: the voltage distribution simulates the pressure distribution in the fuel cell stack, and the current distribution simulates the flow distribution in the fuel cell flow channel, so that the distribution rule of the gas pressure and the flow in the fuel cell stack can be obtained, and the distribution rule can be used for reasoning the voltage of other fuel cells by calculating the voltage of a certain section of fuel cell during the subsequent performance test of the fuel cell, thereby facilitating the prediction of the performance of the fuel cell.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating the inconsistent voltage saving during the fuel cell test according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model of a fuel cell in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a U-shaped flow field structure diagram of a fuel cell stack according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a fuel cell stack fluid distribution equivalent resistance model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a structure of a quasi-one-dimensional equivalent circuit dynamic model of a fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the verification of the polarization characteristic curve of the fuel cell in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a comparative verification diagram of the voltage of 70-fuel cells at a fixed operating point according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a variation process of the standard deviation of the cell voltage during the loading of the fuel cell according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the verification of undershoot process during the loading of the fuel cell in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
the operation of the fuel cell is accompanied by a series of complex multi-parameter highly-coupled electrochemical reactions, the output performance of the fuel cell is different under different operation parameters, as shown in fig. 2, the voltage of the fuel cell in the fuel cell stack is inconsistent, and based on this, a model capable of predicting the output performance consistency prediction of the fuel cell needs to be constructed.
The invention provides a method for establishing a fuel cell consistency prediction model, which is shown in the embodiment of the attached figure 1: a method for establishing a fuel cell consistency prediction model comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model of the fuel cell, associating electrical elements in the basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model of the fuel cell with operating parameters of the fuel cell according to a preset fuel cell mechanism formula, and generating a fuel cell calculation model capable of representing steady-state characteristics and dynamic characteristics of the fuel cell;
wherein, S1 includes:
s1-1: constructing a basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model of the fuel cell and determining the nernst voltage E of the fuel cell cell Activation loss R act Ohmic loss R ohm Concentration loss R con Capacitor C, inductor L and internal resistor R L_para ；
S1-2: according to a preset fuel cell mechanism formula and the Nernst voltage E of the fuel cell cell Activation loss R act Ohmic loss R ohm And concentration loss R con Calculating the voltage V under the steady-state characteristic of the fuel cell ft ；
S1-3: according to the current passing through the capacitor C, the inductor L and the internal resistor R of the fuel cell L_para The dynamic characteristic change of the fuel cell is characterized.
As shown in FIG. 3, the Nernst voltage E of the fuel cell can be determined by the fuel cell's basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model cell Activation loss R act Ohmic loss R ohm Concentration loss R con Capacitor C, inductor L and internal resistorR L_para Wherein the capacitance C represents the double-layer capacitance effect, the inductance L and the internal resistance R of the fuel cell L_para Together representing the change in internal resistance of the membrane during the variation of the load of the fuel cell, and hence, passing the Nernst voltage E cell Activation loss R act Ohmic loss R ohm And concentration loss R con Capable of co-characterizing the steady-state characteristic change of the fuel cell, i.e. the voltage V ft Value of (C), capacitance (C), inductance (L) and internal resistance (R) L_para Can characterize the dynamic characteristic change of the fuel cell;
representing the steady-state characteristic change of the fuel cell according to a preset fuel cell mechanism formula and passing a voltage V ft To express, voltage V ft The calculation formula of (2) is specifically:
V fc ＝E cell -V act -V ohm -V con
wherein ：
wherein ,c1 Is constant, i represents the fuel cell output current density;
wherein ,Tfc Which indicates the operating temperature of the fuel cell,
the hydrogen partial pressure of the anode is shown,
denotes the cathode oxygen partial pressure, P ca Denotes the fuel cell cathode pressure, P sat Represents the fuel cell saturated vapor pressure;
b 2 ＝b 11 λ m -b 12
wherein ,tm Indicating the exchange film thickness, λ, of the ferroelectric Chi Zhizi m Denotes the water content of the proton exchange membrane, b 1 、b 11 、b 12 Represents a constant;
wherein ,imax Current density at which the performance of the fuel cell is drastically reduced, c 3 Is a constant.
In this embodiment, c 1 、c 3 、b 1 、b 11 、b 12 Is 2.5, 1.7, 130, 4, 12.
During the transition of current in fuel cell, the voltage will drop instantaneously, and the inductance and capacitance can not detect the current change, so it only uses the set internal resistance to detect, and achieves the simulation of the dynamic characteristic change of fuel cell,therefore, the internal resistance R L_para The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein ,k、a2 、r、a 3 Are all constants.
In this embodiment, k, a 2 、r、a 3 Is 0.54,1.7,4.6, 167.3.
S2: establishing a fuel cell stack internal fluid distribution equivalent resistance model according to the fuel cell stack structure design and gas fluid dynamics, and establishing a fuel cell quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model based on the fuel cell stack internal fluid distribution equivalent resistance model;
wherein, S2 includes:
s2-1: determining the proportional relation between the flow resistance of a fuel cell inner flow channel and the flow resistance of gas entering each fuel cell flow channel from the main path of the fuel cell stack according to the structural design and gas fluid dynamics of the fuel cell stack, simulating the pressure distribution in the fuel cell stack according to the proportional relation of the flow resistance, simulating the flow distribution in the fuel cell flow channel according to the current distribution, and establishing an equivalent resistance model of the fluid distribution in the fuel cell stack;
s2-2: and constructing a fuel cell quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model according to the serial connection mode of all the fuel cells in the fuel cell stack and the fluid distribution equivalent resistance model in the fuel cell stack.
As shown in fig. 4, according to the U-shaped flow field structure of the fuel cell stack and gas fluid dynamics, when the fuel cell supplies the gas required for the reaction, the gas distribution is inconsistent, so that the pressure and flow of each fuel cell in the fuel cell stack are different, thereby saving the power of the fuel cellPressure inconsistency, in order to simulate the distribution rule of gas pressure and flow in the fuel cell stack, the method constructs a fuel cell stack fluid distribution equivalent resistance model, as shown in fig. 5, wherein R is c Characterizing the flow resistance, R, of the flow channel in each fuel cell m Characterizing the flow resistance, R, of gas entering each fuel cell flow channel from the main path of the fuel cell stack c and Rm The resistance ratio of (a) is related to the cross-sectional area and length of the gas passage, i.e.:
R c :R m ＝l c ×w c ×h c ：l m ×w m ×h m
wherein ,lc 、w c 、h c The length, width and height of the gas flow channel in the fuel cell are shown; l. the m 、w m 、h m The length, width and height of the corresponding region of each fuel cell in the main path of the fuel cell stack are shown.
During the operation of the fuel cell stack fluid distribution equivalent resistance model, constant source flow is connected to two sides of Current IN and Current OUT, and Current is introduced into the fuel cell stack fluid distribution equivalent resistance model, so that the distribution of voltage and Current can be obtained, meanwhile, the distribution of the pressure inside the stack is simulated by voltage distribution IN the model of the application, and the flow distribution IN each flow channel is simulated by Current distribution, specifically:
U in-1 :U in-2 :…:U in-N-1 :U in-N ＝P in-1 :P in-2 :…:P in-N-1 :P in-N
U out-1 :U out-2 :…:U out-N-1 :U out-N ＝P out-1 :P out-2 :…:P out-N-1 :P out-N
I 1 :I 2 :…:I N-1 :I N ＝Q 1 :Q 2 :…:Q N-1 :Q N
wherein ,Uin-N and Uout-N Representing the input and output voltages, P, of the Nth fuel cell on the stack in-N and Pout-N Indicating the first on the fuel cell stackPressure at input and output of N-section fuel cell, I N Representing the current, Q, of the Nth fuel cell of the fuel cell stack N Indicating the flow rate of the nth fuel cell of the fuel cell stack.
After a fuel Cell stack internal fluid distribution equivalent resistance model is constructed, the distribution rule of gas pressure and flow in the fuel Cell stack can be obtained, and the fuel Cell stack is formed by assembling a plurality of fuel cells which are connected in series in an electrical connection mode, so that a fuel Cell quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model is constructed on the basis of the model, as shown in fig. 6, wherein Cell i The fuel cells are connected in series, and each fuel cell is simulated by a fuel cell basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model.
S3: and simulating the consistent dynamic behavior of the voltage saving in the operation process of the fuel cell according to the fuel cell calculation model and the fuel cell quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model in the S1.
In the above S1 and S2, the present application constructs a fuel Cell calculation model and a fuel Cell quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model, in which Cell is the fuel Cell quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model i Representing the ith fuel cells connected in series, each fuel Cell being simulated by a fuel Cell base equivalent circuit electrochemical model, whereby the Cell i When the corresponding fuel cell basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model utilizes a preset mechanism formula to calculate the parameters of the electrical elements, the corresponding operating parameters are P i and Qi And the output voltage of the ith fuel cell can be obtained through calculation.
In addition, in order to verify the effectiveness of the model constructed in the embodiment of the present application, experimental verification is performed on the steady-state characteristics and the dynamic characteristics of the fuel cell in the fuel cell performance prediction model, specifically:
and (3) steady-state characteristic verification: as shown in fig. 7, which is a comparison graph of a polarization characteristic curve of a fuel cell sampled at random in a fuel cell performance prediction model and an experimental result, fig. 8 is a comparison graph of a fuel cell voltage of a fuel cell 70 at a fixed operating point of the fuel cell performance prediction model and an experimental test result, and as shown in fig. 7 and the graph of fig. 8, an error between a voltage saving result output by the fuel cell performance model and the experimental test result is within ± 10mV, so that it can be considered that the fuel cell performance prediction model can effectively simulate a steady-state characteristic of a fuel cell system.
Dynamic characteristic verification: as shown in fig. 9, the standard deviation of the cell voltage of the fuel cell changes during the loading process, so that the cell voltage consistency can be characterized by the standard deviation of the cell voltage, and it can be found that the cell voltage consistency will undergo an overshoot change process at the loading moment; and when the current of the fuel cell changes in a transition manner, the voltage saving undershoot process can occur, and then the fuel cell can be recovered to a stable state, as shown in fig. 10, a comparison graph of a simulation result of a fuel cell performance prediction model in the voltage saving undershoot process when the fuel cell is loaded in the current transition manner and an experimental result is shown, wherein an error is … … within 20mv, so that the fuel cell performance prediction model has a good simulation effect on the dynamic characteristic change of the fuel cell, and therefore the fuel cell performance prediction model can be considered to effectively embody the dynamic characteristic change of the fuel cell.
Through the experiment comparison process, the fuel cell performance prediction model is verified to have a good simulation effect on the steady-state characteristic and the dynamic characteristic of the section voltage of the fuel cell, so that the numerical accuracy of the section voltage in the fuel cell stack is ensured, and the prediction effect is also ensured.
The foregoing are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and no attempt is made to show structural details of the invention in more detail than is necessary for the fundamental understanding of the art, the description taken with the drawings making apparent to those skilled in the art how the several forms of the invention may be embodied in practice with the teachings of the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the structure of the present invention, several changes and modifications can be made, which should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention, and these will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicability of the patent. The scope of the claims of the present application shall be determined by the contents of the claims, and the description of the embodiments and the like in the specification shall be used to explain the contents of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method for establishing a fuel cell consistency prediction model is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: constructing a basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model of the fuel cell, associating electrical elements in the basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model of the fuel cell with operating parameters of the fuel cell according to a preset fuel cell mechanism formula, and generating a fuel cell calculation model capable of representing steady-state characteristics and dynamic characteristics of the fuel cell;
s2: establishing a fuel cell stack internal fluid distribution equivalent resistance model according to the fuel cell stack structure design and gas fluid dynamics, and establishing a fuel cell quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model based on the fuel cell stack internal fluid distribution equivalent resistance model;
s3: and simulating the consistent dynamic behavior of the voltage saving in the operation process of the fuel cell according to the fuel cell calculation model and the fuel cell quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model in the S1.
2. The method for building a fuel cell consistency prediction model according to claim 1, characterized in that: the S1 comprises:
s1-1: constructing a basic equivalent circuit electrochemical model of the fuel cell and determining the nernst voltage E of the fuel cell cell Activation loss R act Ohmic loss R ohm Concentration loss R con Capacitor C, inductor L and internal resistor R L_para ；
S1-2: according to a preset fuel cell mechanism formula and the Nernst voltage E of the fuel cell cell Activation loss R act Ohmic loss R ohm And concentration loss R con Calculating the voltage V under the steady-state characteristic of the fuel cell ft ；
S1-3: according to the passage of the fuel cell through an internal resistance R at the time of the current transition L_para The dynamic characteristic change of the fuel cell is characterized.
3. The method for building a fuel cell consistency prediction model according to claim 2, characterized in that: voltage V in S1-2 ft The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
V fc ＝E cell -V act -V ohm -V con
wherein ：
wherein ,c1 Is constant, i represents the fuel cell output current density;
wherein ,Tfc Which indicates the operating temperature of the fuel cell,
the hydrogen partial pressure of the anode is shown,
denotes the cathode oxygen partial pressure, P ca Denotes the fuel cell cathode pressure, P sat Represents the fuel cell saturated vapor pressure;
b 2 ＝b 11 λ m -b 12
wherein ,tm Indicating the exchange film thickness, λ, of the ferroelectric Chi Zhizi m Denotes the water content of the proton exchange membrane, b 1 、b 11 、b 12 Represents a constant;
wherein ,imax Current density at which the performance of the fuel cell is drastically reduced, c 3 Is a constant.
4. A method of building a fuel cell consistency prediction model according to claim 3, characterized by: resistance R in S1-3 L_para The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:
wherein ,k、a2 、r、a l Are all constants.
5. The method for establishing the fuel cell consistency prediction model according to claim 2, characterized in that: the S2 comprises the following steps:
s2-1: determining the proportional relation between the flow resistance of a fuel cell inner flow channel and the flow resistance of gas entering each fuel cell flow channel from the main path of the fuel cell stack according to the structural design and gas fluid dynamics of the fuel cell stack, simulating the pressure distribution in the fuel cell stack according to the proportional relation of the flow resistance, simulating the flow distribution in the fuel cell flow channel according to the current distribution, and establishing an equivalent resistance model of the fluid distribution in the fuel cell stack;
s2-2: and constructing a fuel cell quasi-one-dimensional electrochemical model according to the serial connection mode of all the fuel cells in the fuel cell stack and the fluid distribution equivalent resistance model inside the fuel cell stack.
6. The method for building a fuel cell consistency prediction model according to claim 5, characterized in that: the proportional relation between the flow resistance of the fuel cell inner flow channel in the S2-1 and the flow resistance when the gas enters each fuel cell flow channel from the main fuel cell stack path is as follows:
R c :R m ＝l c ×w c ×h c :l m ×w m ×h m
wherein ,lc 、w c 、h c The length, width and height of the gas flow channel in the fuel cell are shown; l m 、w m 、h m The length, width and height of the corresponding region of each fuel cell in the main path of the fuel cell stack are shown.
7. The method for building a fuel cell consistency prediction model according to claim 6, wherein: the method is characterized in that the voltage distribution is used for simulating the internal pressure distribution of the fuel cell stack according to the proportional relation of the flow resistance, and the flow distribution in the flow channel of the current distribution simulation fuel cell specifically comprises the following steps:
U in-1 :U in-2 :…:U in-N-1 :U in-N ＝P in-1 :P in-2 :…:P in-N-1 :P in-N
U out-1 :U out-2 :…:U out-N-1 :U out-N ＝P out-1 :P out-2 :…:P out-N-1 :P out-N
I 1 :I 2 :…:I N-1 :I N ＝Q 1 :Q 2 :…:Q N-1 :Q N
wherein ,Uin-N and Uout-N Representing the input and output voltages, P, of the Nth fuel cell on the stack in-N and Pout-N Indicating the pressure at the input and output of the Nth fuel cell in the stack, I N Representing the current, Q, of the Nth fuel cell of the fuel cell stack N The flow of the nth fuel cell of the fuel cell stack is shown.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211146185.8A CN115312809B (en) | 2022-09-20 | 2022-09-20 | Method for establishing fuel cell consistency prediction model |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211146185.8A CN115312809B (en) | 2022-09-20 | 2022-09-20 | Method for establishing fuel cell consistency prediction model |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN115312809A true CN115312809A (en) | 2022-11-08 |
| CN115312809B CN115312809B (en) | 2023-06-13 |
Family
ID=83867239
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211146185.8A Active CN115312809B (en) | 2022-09-20 | 2022-09-20 | Method for establishing fuel cell consistency prediction model |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN115312809B (en) |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102414569A (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2012-04-11 | 赫利恩公司 | Method of determining state of health of electrochemical device |
| JP2016173281A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-29 | 株式会社デンソー | Battery energy prediction device |
| CN110525269A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-12-03 | 吉林大学 | The battery pack balancing control method of SOC |
| CN110929451A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-03-27 | 同济大学 | Fuel cell single voltage consistency prediction method |
-
2022
- 2022-09-20 CN CN202211146185.8A patent/CN115312809B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102414569A (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2012-04-11 | 赫利恩公司 | Method of determining state of health of electrochemical device |
| JP2016173281A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-29 | 株式会社デンソー | Battery energy prediction device |
| CN110525269A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-12-03 | 吉林大学 | The battery pack balancing control method of SOC |
| CN110929451A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-03-27 | 同济大学 | Fuel cell single voltage consistency prediction method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 戴朝华等: "质子交换膜燃料电池单体电压均衡性研究综述", vol. 36, no. 5, pages 1289 - 1302 * |
| 马睿等: "基于模型特征分析的质子交换膜燃料电池建模研究综述", vol. 41, no. 22, pages 7712 - 7729 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN115312809B (en) | 2023-06-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Zhou et al. | Degradation prediction of PEM fuel cell stack based on multiphysical aging model with particle filter approach | |
| US11916270B2 (en) | Active fault-tolerant temperature control method for proton exchange membrane fuel cell system | |
| CN107180983B (en) | Fault diagnosis method and system for solid oxide fuel cell stack | |
| Hissel et al. | Diagnostic & health management of fuel cell systems: Issues and solutions | |
| Saadi et al. | Dynamic modeling and experimental analysis of PEMFCs: A comparative study | |
| Lee et al. | Modeling fuel cell stack systems | |
| Pathapati et al. | A new dynamic model for predicting transient phenomena in a PEM fuel cell system | |
| Xue et al. | System level lumped-parameter dynamic modeling of PEM fuel cell | |
| Hernandez et al. | Modeling and fault diagnosis of a polymer electrolyte fuel cell using electrical equivalent analysis | |
| Sisworahardjo et al. | Neural network model of 100 W portable PEM fuel cell and experimental verification | |
| Steiner et al. | Model-based diagnosis for proton exchange membrane fuel cells | |
| Tian et al. | Diagnosis methods dedicated to the localisation of failed cells within PEMFC stacks | |
| Russo et al. | Application of buckingham π theorem for scaling-up oriented fast modelling of proton exchange membrane fuel cell impedance | |
| Vijay et al. | Adaptive observer based approach for the fault diagnosis in solid oxide fuel cells | |
| Labach et al. | Steady‐state semi‐empirical model of a single proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) at varying operating conditions | |
| Qi et al. | Polymer electrolyte fuel cell system level modelling and simulation of transient behavior | |
| Headley et al. | Development and experimental validation of a physics-based PEM fuel cell model for cathode humidity control design | |
| Xu et al. | Mechanism model-based and data-driven approach for the diagnosis of solid oxide fuel cell stack leakage | |
| Noguer et al. | A PEMFC multi-physical model to evaluate the consequences of parameter uncertainty on the fuel cell performance | |
| Wahdame et al. | Analysis of a PEMFC durability test under low humidity conditions and stack behaviour modelling using experimental design techniques | |
| Bahrami et al. | Fuel cell management system: An approach to increase its durability | |
| Won et al. | Hybrid diagnosis method for initial faults of air supply systems in proton exchange membrane fuel cells | |
| Vijayaraghavan et al. | Dynamic model of oxygen starved proton exchange membrane fuel-cell using hybrid analytical-numerical method | |
| Yang et al. | Fault diagnosis of SOFC system based on single cell voltage analysis | |
| CN115312809A (en) | Method for establishing fuel cell consistency prediction model |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |