CN115305544A - 一种镁合金表面抗菌生物活性涂层及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种镁合金表面抗菌生物活性涂层及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种镁合金表面抗菌生物活性涂层的制备方法,包括镁合金预处理,生物玻璃的合成,悬浮液的制备以及抗菌生物活性涂层的制备。取壳聚糖、生物玻璃、盐酸四环素分散在醇水溶液中配制悬浮液,将悬浮液加入电解池中,以镁合金为阴极,不锈钢片为阳极进行电泳沉积,获得活性涂层。本发明采用电泳沉积的方法在医用镁合金上沉积了抗菌生物活性涂层,具有较好的抗菌性能和生物相容性;且不需要后续高温处理即可获得均匀无裂纹的涂层,有效降低镁合金的腐蚀速率。是一种适合生物医用的植入物材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于镁合金表面处理技术领域,具体涉及一种新型镁合金表面抗菌生物活性涂层及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着社会老龄化的发展,骨折成为了医学界一个巨大的挑战。传统的骨科植入物通常为不锈钢、钴合金以及钛合金等,但这些植入物往往需要二次手术去除。此外,传统骨科植入物会释放影响细胞黏附和增殖的金属离子。镁合金由于具有与天然骨相近的弹性模量、较轻的重量以及释放的镁离子可以促进骨再生,加速骨折愈合等优点逐渐走入人们视野。但镁合金具有较低的腐蚀电位,在人体环境中腐蚀速率过快导致了应力问题;而且,在骨修复过程中,细菌生物膜的形成也是导致种植失败的重要原因之一。这些都极大限制了镁合金在生物医学上的应用。
为解决上述问题,通常通过施用高剂量的抗炎药物来治疗,这些药物对肾脏和肝脏有副作用。值得一提的是,由于骨组织血流不畅,抗生素或消炎药很难进入植入部位。一个潜在的解决方案是可以通过生物陶瓷涂层实现药物的局部递送。
有鉴于此,特提出本发明。
发明内容
为解决镁合金植入物耐蚀性较差且抗菌能力弱的问题,本发明目的在于提供一种镁合金表面新型抗菌生物活性涂层及其制备方法,该方法不仅制备工艺简单且成本低,制备所得抗菌生物活性涂层具有良好的抗菌性能、生物相容性以及耐蚀性,极具一定的推广应用价值。
本发明还提供了上述涂层在增强生物医用镁合金表面抗菌活性或生物活性中的应用。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种镁合金表面抗菌生物活性涂层的制备方法,其包括生物玻璃的制备,悬浮液的制备,抗菌生物活性涂层的制备,以达到增强镁合金抗菌能力以及生物相容性和耐蚀性能的目的。具体包括如下步骤:
1)镁合金预处理:
2)生物玻璃的制备:生物玻璃是通过溶胶凝胶法合成,在溶剂无水乙醇存在下,加入一定量的硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)、蒸馏水、盐酸、磷酸三乙酯以及四水合硝酸钙(Ca(NO3)2·4H2O),在室温下搅拌均匀,获得透明溶胶,20~50 ℃陈化获得凝胶,然后放入马弗炉中在60~130 ℃干燥20~25 h,再在600~1000 ℃下烧结1~4 h,取出,研磨,获得生物玻璃粉体;
3)悬浮液的制备:将壳聚糖(CS)溶解在含有醋酸的蒸馏水中,然后加入乙醇水溶液、步骤2)生物玻璃粉体(BGs)以及盐酸四环素(TCH),搅拌10~50 min后超声30~90 min,获得均匀分散的悬浮液;
4)抗菌生物活性涂层的制备:将步骤3)的悬浮液转移到电解槽中,以步骤1)镁合金为阴极,不锈钢金属为阳极进行电泳沉积,获得活性涂层,结束后将样品在室温干燥(为了获得较好的效果,可进行多次沉积),获得均匀无裂纹的壳聚糖/生物玻璃/盐酸四环素抗菌生物活性涂层成品材料,命名为CS/BGs/TCH,提高了镁合金的生物相容性以及抗菌能力。
进一步的,步骤1)镁合金预处理具体为:将医用镁合金(如AZ31B等)样品依次用180目、600目、1500目和3000目砂纸进行打磨,随后用金刚石抛光膏进行抛光处理,然后分别使用蒸馏水、无水乙醇超声清洗。
进一步的,步骤2)生物玻璃的制备具体为:将25~35 mL硅酸四乙酯与25~60 mL无水乙醇混合,加入8~10 mL蒸馏水,加入0.5~3 mL 浓度2 M HCl作为催化剂促进硅酸四乙酯水解,待溶液澄清后,加入2~5 mL磷酸三乙酯,搅拌10~30 min,加入10~15 g 四水合硝酸钙,搅拌1~3 h,获得透明溶胶,室温陈化1~2 w,获得凝胶。
具体的,步骤3)中,悬浮液中各原料浓度为:壳聚糖0.3~0.7 g/L,醋酸1~10 mL/L,生物玻璃粉体1~5 g/L,盐酸四环素0.5~1.5 g/L。
进一步的,步骤3)中,所述乙醇水溶液由体积比为4~6:1的无水乙醇和水混合组成。
具体的,步骤4)中,电泳沉积时间100~400 s,电泳沉积电源参数为:电压为10~120V,电流为0.01~0.05 mA/cm2,电泳沉积过程中悬浮液温度为30~50 ℃。
本发明提供了采用上述方法制备得到的镁合金表面抗菌生物活性涂层。
本发明还提供了上述涂层在增强生物医用镁合金表面抗菌活性或生物活性中的应用。
本发明采用电泳沉积的方法在医用镁合金上沉积了抗菌生物活性涂层,具有较好的抗菌性能和生物相容性;且不需要后续高温处理即可获得均匀无裂纹的涂层,有效降低了镁合金的腐蚀速率,是一种适合生物医用的植入物材料。和现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明抗菌生物活性涂层的制备工艺简单且成本低,操作简便,条件温和,不仅具有良好的生物相容性以及抗菌性能,而且相较于裸医用镁合金,耐腐蚀能力明显增强。制备所得抗菌生物活性涂层具有良好的抗菌性能、生物相容性以及耐蚀性,解决了现有镁合金植入物耐蚀性较差且抗菌能力弱的问题,极具一定的推广应用价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备所得CS/BGs/TCH抗菌生物活性涂层的SEM图;
图2为不同样品的水接触角:(a) AZ31B,(b) 实施例1制备所得CS/BGs/TCH抗菌生物活性涂层;
图3 为针对大肠杆菌的不同样品的细菌菌落: (a) AZ31B,(b) 实施例1制备所得本发明CS/BGs/TCH抗菌生物活性涂层;
图4 为AZ31B以及本发明CS/BGs/TCH涂层样品在模拟体液SBF中的动电位极化曲线图;
图5 为本发明CS/BGs/TCH涂层在模拟体液SBF中浸泡3 d后表面SEM图。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步地详细介绍,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。
下述实施例中,如无特殊说明,所用原料均为普通市售产品,室温指代(25±5)℃。
实施例1:
一种镁合金表面抗菌生物活性涂层的制备方法,其具体包括如下步骤:
1)镁合金的预处理
将医用镁合金AZ31B机械加工成规格为1.5 cm×1.5 cm×0.6 cm大小的样品,并用环氧树脂对基材进行涂敷,仅保留一个1.5 cm×1.5 cm的工作面,随后将AZ31B镁合金样品依次用180目、600目、1500目和3000目砂纸进行打磨,随后用W3.5金刚石抛光膏(Veiyee,型号 PG)进行抛光处理,然后分别使用蒸馏水、无水乙醇各超声清洗10 min。
2)生物玻璃的制备
将28 mL硅酸四乙酯与40 mL无水乙醇混合,加入9 mL蒸馏水,加入1 mL 浓度2 MHCl作为催化剂促进硅酸四乙酯水解,待溶液澄清后,加入2.7 mL磷酸三乙酯,搅拌20 min,加入12 g 四水合硝酸钙,搅拌1 h,获得透明溶胶,室温陈化2 w,获得凝胶。然后将凝胶放入马弗炉中在100 ℃干燥24 h,再在600 ℃下烧结2 h,取出,研磨,获得生物玻璃粉体。
3)悬浮液的制备
将壳聚糖加入到含有醋酸的蒸馏水中,搅拌至完全溶解,然后加入乙醇,继续搅拌;再加入步骤2)生物玻璃粉体以及盐酸四环素,搅拌30 min后超声分散40 min,获得均匀分散的悬浮液;悬浮液中各原料浓度为:壳聚糖0.3~0.7 g/L,醋酸1~10 mL/L,生物玻璃粉体1~5 g/L,盐酸四环素0.5~1.5 g/L;所述乙醇水溶液由体积比为4~6:1的无水乙醇和水混合组成。
4)抗菌生物活性涂层的制备:
取40 mL步骤3)的悬浮液置于电解槽中,以步骤1)预处理过的医用镁合金AZ31B为阴极,不锈钢为阳极,两者相距10 mm,在40 V电压、0.04 mA/cm2电流下进行电泳沉积,获得活性涂层,电泳沉积时间为400 s,电泳沉积过程中悬浮液温度为45 ℃。结束后将获得的活性涂层样品在室温下干燥24 h,再次以相同参数进行二次沉积,获得均匀无裂纹的壳聚糖/生物玻璃/盐酸四环素抗菌生物活性涂层成品材料,命名为CS/BGs/TCH。
图1给出了实施例1中在镁合金表面制备的活性涂层成品材料的SEM图。如图1所示,通过SEM表征表明,本实施例制得的活性涂层表面平整,无裂纹。
利用水滴静态接触角测试仪测试了各样品的水接触角,图2给出了实施例1中在镁合金表面制备CS/BGs/TCH涂层以及AZ31B的接触角测试图。如图2所示,从图中可看到:镁合金经表面改性后获得了更亲水的表面,这将在一定程度上促进成骨细胞在表面黏附和分化。
使用平板涂布法对涂层的抗菌性能进行了评价,如图3所示。图3中a为大肠杆菌与AZ31B镁合金共培养2 h后平板涂布结果;图3中b为大肠杆菌与CS/BGs/TCH抗菌生物活性涂层共培养2 h后平板涂布结果。图3中可以明显看出:本发明抗菌生物活性涂层样品明显减少了菌落数,证明其有良好的抑菌性能。
使用电化学方法对实施例1中制备的AZ31B以及CS/BGs/TCH涂层样品在模拟体液SBF中的耐蚀性进行了测试,动态极化曲线图如图4所示。本实例中制备的CS/BGs/TCH抗菌生物活性涂层的腐蚀电流密度为1.66×10-5 A/cm2,相比于AZ31B镁合金的腐蚀电流密度(1.01×10-3 A/cm2)降低了2个数量级,说明本发明活性涂层阻挡了腐蚀物质,提高了医用镁合金的耐蚀性。
通过将本发明CS/BGs/TCH涂层样品浸泡在模拟体液SBF中3 d来确定体外生物活性,浸泡后SEM图如图5所示。从SEM图中可以看出:浸泡3 d后涂层表面出现了片状羟基磷灰石层,证明了涂层具有较好的生物活性。
综上,本发明所述抗菌生物活性涂层的制备方法简单,操作简便,条件温和,不仅具有良好的生物相容性以及抗菌性能,而且相较于裸医用镁合金,耐腐蚀能力明显增强。
Claims (8)
1.一种镁合金表面抗菌生物活性涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
1)镁合金预处理:
2)生物玻璃的制备:在溶剂无水乙醇存在下,加入硅酸四乙酯、蒸馏水、盐酸、磷酸三乙酯以及四水合硝酸钙,在室温下搅拌均匀,获得透明溶胶,20~50 ℃陈化获得凝胶,然后放入马弗炉中在60~130 ℃干燥20~25 h,再在600~1000 ℃下烧结1~4 h,取出,研磨,获得生物玻璃粉体;
3)悬浮液的制备:将壳聚糖溶解在含有醋酸的蒸馏水中,然后加入乙醇水溶液、步骤2)生物玻璃粉体以及盐酸四环素,搅拌10~50 min后超声30~90 min,获得均匀分散的悬浮液;
4)抗菌生物活性涂层的制备:将步骤3)的悬浮液转移到电解槽中,以步骤1)镁合金为阴极,不锈钢金属为阳极进行电泳沉积,获得活性涂层,结束后将样品在室温干燥,获得活性涂层成品材料。
2.如权利要求1所述镁合金表面抗菌生物活性涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)镁合金预处理具体为:将镁合金样品依次用180目、600目、1500目和3000目砂纸进行打磨,随后用金刚石抛光膏进行抛光处理,然后分别使用蒸馏水、无水乙醇超声清洗。
3.如权利要求1所述镁合金表面抗菌生物活性涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)生物玻璃的制备具体为:将25~35 mL硅酸四乙酯与25~60 mL无水乙醇混合,加入8~10 mL蒸馏水,加入0.5~3 mL 浓度2 M HCl作为催化剂促进硅酸四乙酯水解,待溶液澄清后,加入2~5mL磷酸三乙酯,搅拌10~30 min,加入10~15 g 四水合硝酸钙,搅拌1~3 h,获得透明溶胶,室温陈化1~2 w,获得凝胶。
4.如权利要求1所述镁合金表面抗菌生物活性涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,悬浮液中各原料浓度为:壳聚糖0.3~0.7 g/L,醋酸1~10 mL/L,生物玻璃粉体1~5 g/L,盐酸四环素0.5~1.5 g/L。
5.如权利要求1所述镁合金表面抗菌生物活性涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,所述乙醇水溶液由体积比为4~6:1的无水乙醇和水混合组成。
6.如权利要求1所述镁合金表面抗菌生物活性涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4)中,电泳沉积时间100~400 s,电泳沉积电源参数为:电压为10~120 V,电流为0.01~0.05mA/cm2,电泳沉积过程中悬浮液温度为30~50 ℃。
7.采用权利要求1至6任一所述方法制备得到的镁合金表面抗菌生物活性涂层。
8.权利要求7所述涂层在增强生物医用镁合金表面抗菌活性或生物活性中的应用。
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